---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '19421'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The phytohormone auxin (Aux) is a principal endogenous developmental signal
in plants. It mediates transcriptional reprogramming by a well-established canonical
signalling mechanism. TIR1/AFB auxin receptors are F-box subunits of an ubiquitin
ligase complex; after auxin perception, they associate with Aux/IAA transcriptional
repressors and ubiquitinate them for degradation, thus enabling the activation
of auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors1,2,3. Here we revise this
paradigm by showing that without TIR1 adenylate cyclase (AC) activity4, auxin-induced
degradation of Aux/IAAs is not sufficient to mediate the transcriptional auxin
response. Abolishing the TIR1 AC activity does not affect auxin-induced degradation
of Aux/IAAs but renders TIR1 non-functional in mediating transcriptional reprogramming
and auxin-regulated development, including shoot, root, root hair growth and lateral
root formation. Transgenic plants show that local cAMP production in the vicinity
of the Aux/IAA–ARF complex by unrelated AC enzymes bypasses the need for auxin
perception and is sufficient to induce ARF-mediated transcription. These discoveries
revise the canonical model of auxin signalling and establish TIR1/AFB-produced
cAMP as a second messenger essential for transcriptional reprograming.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: Bio
acknowledgement: We are grateful to J. Callis and H.-Q. Yang for sharing materials
and to M. Estelle and S. Kepinski for inspiring discussions. This research was supported
by the Laboratory Support Facility, the Plant Facility and the Imaging and Optics
Facility of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria. This project has received
funding from the European Research Council (101142681 CYNIPS) and Austrian Science
Fund (P 37051-B). L.Q. was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (grant no. 32470327). M.Z. was supported by the Interdisciplinary Project
Committee of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria, and Y.P. was supported
by an EMBO Postdoctoral Fellowship (ALTF 38-2023). Open access funding provided
by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Huihuang
full_name: Chen, Huihuang
id: 83c96512-15b2-11ec-abd3-b7eede36184f
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Linlin
full_name: Qi, Linlin
id: 44B04502-A9ED-11E9-B6FC-583AE6697425
last_name: Qi
orcid: 0000-0001-5187-8401
- first_name: Minxia
full_name: Zou, Minxia
id: 5c243f41-03f3-11ec-841c-96faf48a7ef9
last_name: Zou
- first_name: Mengting
full_name: Lu, Mengting
id: a8198a14-1ffe-11ee-8b67-d2bdff9d9178
last_name: Lu
- first_name: M
full_name: Kwiatkowski, M
last_name: Kwiatkowski
- first_name: Yuanrong
full_name: Pei, Yuanrong
id: 98605edc-6ce7-11ee-95f3-cc16b866efcd
last_name: Pei
- first_name: K
full_name: Jaworski, K
last_name: Jaworski
- first_name: Jiří
full_name: Friml, Jiří
id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Friml
orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
citation:
ama: Chen H, Qi L, Zou M, et al. TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional
auxin signalling. Nature. 2025;640:1011-1016. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w
apa: Chen, H., Qi, L., Zou, M., Lu, M., Kwiatkowski, M., Pei, Y., … Friml, J. (2025).
TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional auxin signalling.
Nature. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w
chicago: Chen, Huihuang, Linlin Qi, Minxia Zou, Mengting Lu, M Kwiatkowski, Yuanrong
Pei, K Jaworski, and Jiří Friml. “TIR1-Produced CAMP as a Second Messenger in
Transcriptional Auxin Signalling.” Nature. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w.
ieee: H. Chen et al., “TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional
auxin signalling,” Nature, vol. 640. Springer Nature, pp. 1011–1016, 2025.
ista: Chen H, Qi L, Zou M, Lu M, Kwiatkowski M, Pei Y, Jaworski K, Friml J. 2025.
TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional auxin signalling.
Nature. 640, 1011–1016.
mla: Chen, Huihuang, et al. “TIR1-Produced CAMP as a Second Messenger in Transcriptional
Auxin Signalling.” Nature, vol. 640, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 1011–16,
doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w.
short: H. Chen, L. Qi, M. Zou, M. Lu, M. Kwiatkowski, Y. Pei, K. Jaworski, J. Friml,
Nature 640 (2025) 1011–1016.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-03-19T09:44:39Z
date_published: 2025-04-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-28T13:42:45Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '580'
department:
- _id: JiFr
doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w
external_id:
isi:
- '001437493900001'
pmid:
- '40044868'
file:
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-08-05T12:29:35Z
date_updated: 2025-08-05T12:29:35Z
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has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 640'
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language:
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month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1011-1016
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 7bcece63-9f16-11ee-852c-ae94e099eeb6
grant_number: P37051
name: Guanylate cyclase activity of TIR1/AFBs auxin receptors
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1476-4687
issn:
- 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on ISTA website
relation: press_release
url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/updating-the-textbook/
record:
- id: '19478'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
title: TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional auxin signalling
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 640
year: '2025'
...