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abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Land-use change, such as the transformation of woody ecosystems into open
    pastures, acts as a strong ecological filter, favouring some species while excluding
    others according to differences in ecological niche breadth. Understanding how
    differences in niche breadth influence species responses under anthropogenic filters
    is crucial to anticipate their persistence or displacement. In this study, we
    quantified realized niche breadth in two sympatric ecosystem engineers, the Neotropical
    leaf-cutter ants Atta cephalotes and Atta laevigata, to test whether breadth differences
    are consistent with specialist and generalist ecological strategies. We characterized
    realized niche breadth across fine-scale environmental gradients by integrating
    hemispherical photography, microclimatic data, mound architecture, and edaphic
    profiles from 114 colonies across a regional transect in the Colombian Andes,
    alongside macroclimatic data from Copernicus. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
    and PERMANOVA identified canopy openness and bushes- and tree-type vegetation
    density as the principal axes of interspecific niche partitioning. The observed
    differences in realized niche breadth were consistent with specialist and generalist
    ecological strategies. A. laevigata was predominantly associated with open-canopy
    areas, warmer micro- and macroclimatic conditions, and narrower edaphic dispersion.
    In contrast, A. cephalotes occupied a wider range of microhabitat conditions.
    This broader realized niche breadth is compatible with previous reports of A.
    cephalotes occurring in urban areas. Together, these findings suggest that niche
    breadth may influence how Neotropical leaf-cutter ants respond to habitat transformation,
    helping to understand the ecological consequences of land-use change.
acknowledgement: I  am profoundly grateful to my parents, María Cristina Castillo
  Sandoval and Víctor Ángel García Aguillón, whose invaluable support made this research
  possible. Their endurance and dedication during the fieldwork were essential for
  the successful collection of the colony samples. Furthermore, our endless discussions
  regarding the natural history and behaviour of these ecosystem engineers deeply
  shaped the conceptualization of this study; this manuscript is a testament to their
  lifelong support of my academic journey. I am also sincerely grateful to my sister,
  Francy Alejandra García Castillo, for generously providing measurement equipment
  essential for our field data collection. I sincerely thank Alejandro Mejía for his
  invaluable local knowledge and field assistance in locating Atta colonies in Grima
  Baja and for providing information that guided us to the sampling area in Choro
  Bajo. I also thank Rosina Soler for her expert professional advice in curating the
  environmental variable matrix during the fieldwork planning phase, as well as for
  her insightful feedback during the elaboration of this manuscript.
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Diego Fernando
  full_name: Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando
  id: ae681a14-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c6ef18161701
  last_name: Garcia Castillo
citation:
  ama: 'Garcia Castillo DF. Generalism vs. specialization: Does niche breadth influence
    species responses to anthropogenic land-use change in Neotropical leaf-cutter
    ants? <i>Plos One</i>. 2026;21(10):e0351518. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0351518">10.1371/journal.pone.0351518</a>'
  apa: 'Garcia Castillo, D. F. (2026). Generalism vs. specialization: Does niche breadth
    influence species responses to anthropogenic land-use change in Neotropical leaf-cutter
    ants? <i>Plos One</i>. Public Library of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0351518">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0351518</a>'
  chicago: 'Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando. “Generalism vs. Specialization: Does
    Niche Breadth Influence Species Responses to Anthropogenic Land-Use Change in
    Neotropical Leaf-Cutter Ants?” <i>Plos One</i>. Public Library of Science, 2026.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0351518">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0351518</a>.'
  ieee: 'D. F. Garcia Castillo, “Generalism vs. specialization: Does niche breadth
    influence species responses to anthropogenic land-use change in Neotropical leaf-cutter
    ants?,” <i>Plos One</i>, vol. 21, no. 10. Public Library of Science, p. e0351518,
    2026.'
  ista: 'Garcia Castillo DF. 2026. Generalism vs. specialization: Does niche breadth
    influence species responses to anthropogenic land-use change in Neotropical leaf-cutter
    ants? Plos One. 21(10), e0351518.'
  mla: 'Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando. “Generalism vs. Specialization: Does Niche
    Breadth Influence Species Responses to Anthropogenic Land-Use Change in Neotropical
    Leaf-Cutter Ants?” <i>Plos One</i>, vol. 21, no. 10, Public Library of Science,
    2026, p. e0351518, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0351518">10.1371/journal.pone.0351518</a>.'
  short: D.F. Garcia Castillo, Plos One 21 (2026) e0351518.
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-10-11T22:02:05Z
date_published: 2026-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-12T11:43:26Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0351518
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supplementarymaterial: yes
title: 'Generalism vs. specialization: Does niche breadth influence species responses
  to anthropogenic land-use change in Neotropical leaf-cutter ants?'
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type: journal_article
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...
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abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Rapid local adaptation to new environments is critical for species persistence,
    especially in introduced populations. The evolutionary success of these populations
    is fundamentally dictated by the organization of genetic variation—the genomic
    architecture—in the face of severe demographic constraints, such as the founder
    effects and genetic bottlenecks that frequently accompany colonization. A central
    question in evolutionary biology is whether rapid adaptation relies on major-effect
    loci, such as chromosomal inversions, or on many small-effect loci dispersed across
    the genome. Furthermore, the genomic architecture strongly influences the extent
    to which evolutionary outcomes are predictable. Using introduced populations of
    the marine snail, Littorina saxatilis, as a model, this thesis investigates how
    genetic variation and genomic structure drive adaptation following introduction.
    We employed a population genomics approach on experimentally and accidentally
    introduced populations to dissect the specific genomic features that underpin
    divergence in newly colonized environments.\r\n\r\nIn Chapter 2, we tested the
    predictability of local adaptation through an uncommon 30-year transplant experiment
    in nature. By distinguishing allele and chromosomal inversion frequency changes
    from neutral expectations, we found that evolutionary change was highly predictable
    at the macro-scale (phenotypes and chromosomal inversions), but less robust at
    the level of individual collinear loci. This result demonstrates that evolution
    can be predictable when a population possesses sufficient standing genetic variation
    (SGV), with chromosomal inversions acting as key integrated units that facilitate
    a rapid response to selection. Building on this, Chapter 3 applied whole-genome
    sequencing to three accidentally introduced populations (Venice, San Francisco,
    and Redwood City) to investigate their likely source and genomic patterns of divergence.
    We identified genomic regions of remarkable divergence potentially associated
    with local adaptation, and likely fuelled by SGV, while explicitly acknowledging
    the difficulty in disentangling selection signals from the genome-wide effects
    of demographic processes. Furthermore, we found that the divergence patterns relied
    extensively on the collinear genome in these introduced populations, and less
    clearly on the chromosomal inversions. This observation contrasts with local adaptation
    observed in the experimental system that relied on both collinear loci and highly
    selected chromosomal inversions, highlighting how demographic history and genomic
    architecture influence the detectable signature of local adaptation.\r\n\r\nA
    major limitation to conducting large-scale comparative evolutionary studies is
    the lack of data standardization, which prevents the integration of community
    knowledge and high-resolution environmental and genetic data. Chapter 4 addresses
    this by developing a community database for the Littorina system. This platform
    implements standardized protocols for the integration of diverse phenotypic and
    environmental data from multiple Littorina species. Likewise, the platform also
    centralizes the availability of associated genomic data through links to external
    repositories. This database represents a crucial tool to test complex, large-scale
    evolutionary hypotheses.\r\n\r\nCollectively, this thesis strongly reinforces
    the fundamental importance of SGV as the raw material for successful local adaptation,
    a conclusion supported by evidence in both experimental and accidental introductions.
    Furthermore, this work highlights the critical role of the genomic architecture—specifically
    chromosomal inversions—in driving the predictability and effectiveness of adaptive
    responses. Our findings underscore how the interplay between SGV and genomic architecture
    dictates the trajectory and detectability of evolution in colonizing populations,
    while simultaneously providing a necessary tool to advance comparative evolutionary
    genomics in emerging model organisms."
acknowledgement: "I acknowledge the funding agencies 1Norwegian Research Council RCN
  project 315287.\r\n2The FIASCO project \"Illuminating range shifts through evolutionary
  FIASCO: contrasting\r\nFaIling And Successful ColOnizations in replicated wild populations\",
  funded by the\r\nEuropean Union - Next Generation EU (Piano Nazionale di Ripresa
  e Resilienza - MUR\r\ncode: P202229JBC, CUP: C53D23007100001). 3Ecotypic formation
  in Littorina saxatilis\r\nin the Western Atlantic and comparisons across the North
  Atlantic. University of\r\nGothenburg Research Travel Grant, Tjarno Marine Laboratory,
  Sweden. $3023 (2018).\r\n4JIN project (Young Researchers, Spanish Ministry of Science,
  RTI2018-101274-J-I00)"
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Diego Fernando
  full_name: Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando
  id: ae681a14-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c6ef18161701
  last_name: Garcia Castillo
citation:
  ama: Garcia Castillo DF. The genomic architecture of local adaptation in introduced
    populations. 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991">10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991</a>
  apa: Garcia Castillo, D. F. (2026). <i>The genomic architecture of local adaptation
    in introduced populations</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991</a>
  chicago: Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando. “The Genomic Architecture of Local Adaptation
    in Introduced Populations.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991</a>.
  ieee: D. F. Garcia Castillo, “The genomic architecture of local adaptation in introduced
    populations,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.
  ista: Garcia Castillo DF. 2026. The genomic architecture of local adaptation in
    introduced populations. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
  mla: Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando. <i>The Genomic Architecture of Local Adaptation
    in Introduced Populations</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991">10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991</a>.
  short: D.F. Garcia Castillo, The Genomic Architecture of Local Adaptation in Introduced
    Populations, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-01-16T09:47:59Z
date_published: 2026-01-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-21T08:18:21Z
day: '16'
ddc:
- '576'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991
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    LittorinaDB web application developed as a product of the 4th chapter of the thesis.
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page: '199'
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
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  issn:
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publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
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supervisor:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Anja M
  full_name: Westram, Anja M
  id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Westram
  orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969
title: The genomic architecture of local adaptation in introduced populations
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  short: CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
year: '2026'
...
---
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abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Predicting the outcomes of adaptation is a major goal of evolutionary biology.
    When temporal changes in the environment mirror spatial gradients, it opens up
    the potential for predicting the course of adaptive evolution over time based
    on patterns of spatial genetic and phenotypic variation. We assessed this approach
    in a 30-year transplant experiment in the intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis.
    In 1992, snails were transplanted from a predation-dominated environment to one
    dominated by wave action. On the basis of spatial patterns, we predicted transitions
    in shell size and morphology, allele frequencies at positions throughout the genome,
    and chromosomal rearrangement frequencies. Observed changes closely agreed with
    predictions and transformation was both dramatic and rapid. Hence, adaptation
    can be predicted from knowledge of the phenotypic and genetic variation among
    populations.
acknowledgement: 'This work was received funding from the following: Norwegian Research
  Council RCN project 315287 (A.M.W.), Swedish Research Council 2021-04191 (K.J.),
  European Research Council grant 101055327 HaplotypeStructure (N.B.), Austrian Science
  Fund FWF; P 32166-B32 Snapdragon Speciation (N.B.), European Research Council (R.B.),
  and Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology FCT: 2020.00275.CEECIND and
  PTDC/BIA-EVL/1614/2021 (R.F.).'
article_number: eadp2102
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Diego Fernando
  full_name: Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando
  id: ae681a14-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c6ef18161701
  last_name: Garcia Castillo
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Rui
  full_name: Faria, Rui
  last_name: Faria
- first_name: Jenny
  full_name: Larsson, Jenny
  last_name: Larsson
- first_name: Sean
  full_name: Stankowski, Sean
  id: 43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E
  last_name: Stankowski
- first_name: Roger
  full_name: Butlin, Roger
  last_name: Butlin
- first_name: Kerstin
  full_name: Johannesson, Kerstin
  last_name: Johannesson
- first_name: Anja M
  full_name: Westram, Anja M
  id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Westram
  orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969
citation:
  ama: 'Garcia Castillo DF, Barton NH, Faria R, et al. Predicting rapid adaptation
    in time from adaptation in space: A 30-year field experiment in marine snails.
    <i>Science Advances</i>. 2024;10(41). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adp2102">10.1126/sciadv.adp2102</a>'
  apa: 'Garcia Castillo, D. F., Barton, N. H., Faria, R., Larsson, J., Stankowski,
    S., Butlin, R., … Westram, A. M. (2024). Predicting rapid adaptation in time from
    adaptation in space: A 30-year field experiment in marine snails. <i>Science Advances</i>.
    AAAS. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adp2102">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adp2102</a>'
  chicago: 'Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando, Nicholas H Barton, Rui Faria, Jenny Larsson,
    Sean Stankowski, Roger Butlin, Kerstin Johannesson, and Anja M Westram. “Predicting
    Rapid Adaptation in Time from Adaptation in Space: A 30-Year Field Experiment
    in Marine Snails.” <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adp2102">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adp2102</a>.'
  ieee: 'D. F. Garcia Castillo <i>et al.</i>, “Predicting rapid adaptation in time
    from adaptation in space: A 30-year field experiment in marine snails,” <i>Science
    Advances</i>, vol. 10, no. 41. AAAS, 2024.'
  ista: 'Garcia Castillo DF, Barton NH, Faria R, Larsson J, Stankowski S, Butlin R,
    Johannesson K, Westram AM. 2024. Predicting rapid adaptation in time from adaptation
    in space: A 30-year field experiment in marine snails. Science Advances. 10(41),
    eadp2102.'
  mla: 'Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando, et al. “Predicting Rapid Adaptation in Time
    from Adaptation in Space: A 30-Year Field Experiment in Marine Snails.” <i>Science
    Advances</i>, vol. 10, no. 41, eadp2102, AAAS, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adp2102">10.1126/sciadv.adp2102</a>.'
  short: D.F. Garcia Castillo, N.H. Barton, R. Faria, J. Larsson, S. Stankowski, R.
    Butlin, K. Johannesson, A.M. Westram, Science Advances 10 (2024).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: All analysis scripts and data needed to evaluate the conclusions
  of the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials and have
  been archived on Zenodo (63) at https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12159343 and
  are available on Github at https://github.com/fernandoGarcia21/littorina_saxatilis_skerry.
date_created: 2024-11-03T23:01:44Z
date_published: 2024-10-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-21T08:18:22Z
day: '11'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adp2102
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project:
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  grant_number: '101055327'
  name: Understanding the evolution of continuous genomes
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  name: Snapdragon Speciation
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  call_identifier: FWF
  name: FWF Open Access Fund
publication: Science Advances
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publication_status: published
publisher: AAAS
quality_controlled: '1'
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supplementarymaterial: yes
title: 'Predicting rapid adaptation in time from adaptation in space: A 30-year field
  experiment in marine snails'
tmp:
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abstract:
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  text: 'Scripts and data used in the research study Predicting rapid adaptation in
    time from adaptation in space: a 30-year field experiment in marine snails. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.27.559715'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Diego Fernando
  full_name: Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando
  id: ae681a14-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c6ef18161701
  last_name: Garcia Castillo
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Rui
  full_name: Faria, Rui
  last_name: Faria
- first_name: Jenny
  full_name: Larsson, Jenny
  last_name: Larsson
- first_name: Sean
  full_name: Stankowski, Sean
  id: 43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E
  last_name: Stankowski
- first_name: Roger
  full_name: Butlin, Roger
  last_name: Butlin
- first_name: Kerstin
  full_name: Johannesson, Kerstin
  last_name: Johannesson
- first_name: Anja M
  full_name: Westram, Anja M
  id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Westram
  orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969
citation:
  ama: 'Garcia Castillo DF, Barton NH, Faria R, et al. Data and code for: Predicting
    rapid adaptation in time from adaptation in space: a 30-year field experiment
    in marine snails. 2024. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.12159343">10.5281/ZENODO.12159343</a>'
  apa: 'Garcia Castillo, D. F., Barton, N. H., Faria, R., Larsson, J., Stankowski,
    S., Butlin, R., … Westram, A. M. (2024). Data and code for: Predicting rapid adaptation
    in time from adaptation in space: a 30-year field experiment in marine snails.
    Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.12159343">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.12159343</a>'
  chicago: 'Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando, Nicholas H Barton, Rui Faria, Jenny Larsson,
    Sean Stankowski, Roger Butlin, Kerstin Johannesson, and Anja M Westram. “Data
    and Code for: Predicting Rapid Adaptation in Time from Adaptation in Space: A
    30-Year Field Experiment in Marine Snails.” Zenodo, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.12159343">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.12159343</a>.'
  ieee: 'D. F. Garcia Castillo <i>et al.</i>, “Data and code for: Predicting rapid
    adaptation in time from adaptation in space: a 30-year field experiment in marine
    snails.” Zenodo, 2024.'
  ista: 'Garcia Castillo DF, Barton NH, Faria R, Larsson J, Stankowski S, Butlin R,
    Johannesson K, Westram AM. 2024. Data and code for: Predicting rapid adaptation
    in time from adaptation in space: a 30-year field experiment in marine snails,
    Zenodo, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.12159343">10.5281/ZENODO.12159343</a>.'
  mla: 'Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando, et al. <i>Data and Code for: Predicting Rapid
    Adaptation in Time from Adaptation in Space: A 30-Year Field Experiment in Marine
    Snails</i>. Zenodo, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.12159343">10.5281/ZENODO.12159343</a>.'
  short: D.F. Garcia Castillo, N.H. Barton, R. Faria, J. Larsson, S. Stankowski, R.
    Butlin, K. Johannesson, A.M. Westram, (2024).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-11-04T09:33:17Z
date_published: 2024-06-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-21T08:18:21Z
day: '19'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.12159343
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.12159343
has_accepted_license: '1'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12159344
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Zenodo
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '20991'
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  - id: '18491'
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status: public
title: 'Data and code for: Predicting rapid adaptation in time from adaptation in
  space: a 30-year field experiment in marine snails'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2024'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '14796'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Key innovations are fundamental to biological diversification, but their genetic
    basis is poorly understood. A recent transition from egg-laying to live-bearing
    in marine snails (Littorina spp.) provides the opportunity to study the genetic
    architecture of an innovation that has evolved repeatedly across animals. Individuals
    do not cluster by reproductive mode in a genome-wide phylogeny, but local genealogical
    analysis revealed numerous small genomic regions where all live-bearers carry
    the same core haplotype. Candidate regions show evidence for live-bearer–specific
    positive selection and are enriched for genes that are differentially expressed
    between egg-laying and live-bearing reproductive systems. Ages of selective sweeps
    suggest that live-bearer–specific alleles accumulated over more than 200,000 generations.
    Our results suggest that new functions evolve through the recruitment of many
    alleles rather than in a single evolutionary step.
acknowledgement: "We thank J. Galindo, M. Montaño-Rendón, N. Mikhailova, A. Blakeslee,
  E. Arnason, and P. Kemppainen for providing samples; R. Turney, G. Sotelo, J. Larsson,
  T. Broquet, and S. Loisel for help collecting samples; Science Animated for providing
  the snail cartoons shown in Fig. 1; M. Dunning for help in developing bioinformatic
  pipelines; R. Faria, H. Morales, and V. Sousa for advice; and M. Hahn, J. Slate,
  M. Ravinet, J. Raeymaekers, A. Comeault, and N. Barton for feedback on a draft manuscript.\r\nThis
  work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (grant NE/P001610/1
  to R.K.B.), the European Research Council (grant ERC-2015-AdG693030-BARRIERS to
  R.K.B.), the Norwegian Research Council (RCN Project 315287 to A.M.W.), and the
  Swedish Research Council (grant 2020-05385 to E.L.)."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Sean
  full_name: Stankowski, Sean
  id: 43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E
  last_name: Stankowski
- first_name: Zuzanna B.
  full_name: Zagrodzka, Zuzanna B.
  last_name: Zagrodzka
- first_name: Martin D.
  full_name: Garlovsky, Martin D.
  last_name: Garlovsky
- first_name: Arka
  full_name: Pal, Arka
  id: 6AAB2240-CA9A-11E9-9C1A-D9D1E5697425
  last_name: Pal
  orcid: 0000-0002-4530-8469
- first_name: Daria
  full_name: Shipilina, Daria
  id: 428A94B0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shipilina
  orcid: 0000-0002-1145-9226
- first_name: Diego Fernando
  full_name: Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando
  id: ae681a14-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c6ef18161701
  last_name: Garcia Castillo
- first_name: Hila
  full_name: Lifchitz, Hila
  id: d6ab5470-2fb3-11ed-8633-986a9b84edac
  last_name: Lifchitz
- first_name: Alan
  full_name: Le Moan, Alan
  last_name: Le Moan
- first_name: Erica
  full_name: Leder, Erica
  last_name: Leder
- first_name: James
  full_name: Reeve, James
  last_name: Reeve
- first_name: Kerstin
  full_name: Johannesson, Kerstin
  last_name: Johannesson
- first_name: Anja M
  full_name: Westram, Anja M
  id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Westram
  orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969
- first_name: Roger K.
  full_name: Butlin, Roger K.
  last_name: Butlin
citation:
  ama: Stankowski S, Zagrodzka ZB, Garlovsky MD, et al. The genetic basis of a recent
    transition to live-bearing in marine snails. <i>Science</i>. 2024;383(6678):114-119.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982">10.1126/science.adi2982</a>
  apa: Stankowski, S., Zagrodzka, Z. B., Garlovsky, M. D., Pal, A., Shipilina, D.,
    Garcia Castillo, D. F., … Butlin, R. K. (2024). The genetic basis of a recent
    transition to live-bearing in marine snails. <i>Science</i>. American Association
    for the Advancement of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982</a>
  chicago: Stankowski, Sean, Zuzanna B. Zagrodzka, Martin D. Garlovsky, Arka Pal,
    Daria Shipilina, Diego Fernando Garcia Castillo, Hila Lifchitz, et al. “The Genetic
    Basis of a Recent Transition to Live-Bearing in Marine Snails.” <i>Science</i>.
    American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982</a>.
  ieee: S. Stankowski <i>et al.</i>, “The genetic basis of a recent transition to
    live-bearing in marine snails,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 383, no. 6678. American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, pp. 114–119, 2024.
  ista: Stankowski S, Zagrodzka ZB, Garlovsky MD, Pal A, Shipilina D, Garcia Castillo
    DF, Lifchitz H, Le Moan A, Leder E, Reeve J, Johannesson K, Westram AM, Butlin
    RK. 2024. The genetic basis of a recent transition to live-bearing in marine snails.
    Science. 383(6678), 114–119.
  mla: Stankowski, Sean, et al. “The Genetic Basis of a Recent Transition to Live-Bearing
    in Marine Snails.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 383, no. 6678, American Association for
    the Advancement of Science, 2024, pp. 114–19, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi2982">10.1126/science.adi2982</a>.
  short: S. Stankowski, Z.B. Zagrodzka, M.D. Garlovsky, A. Pal, D. Shipilina, D.F.
    Garcia Castillo, H. Lifchitz, A. Le Moan, E. Leder, J. Reeve, K. Johannesson,
    A.M. Westram, R.K. Butlin, Science 383 (2024) 114–119.
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: Raw sequence data are available on the short-read archive
  (SRA) under bioproject PRJNA626520. VCF files have been archived on Zenodo (31).
  All analysis scripts have been archived on Zenodo (31) and are available on Github
  at https://github.com/seanstankowski/Littorina_reproductive_mode.
date_created: 2024-01-14T23:00:56Z
date_published: 2024-01-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-25T23:31:30Z
day: '05'
department:
- _id: NiBa
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.1126/science.adi2982
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intvolume: '       383'
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month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 114-119
pmid: 1
publication: Science
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
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publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
quality_controlled: '1'
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    relation: press_release
    url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/the-snail-or-the-egg/
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title: The genetic basis of a recent transition to live-bearing in marine snails
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 383
year: '2024'
...
