[{"_id":"19998","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"nspired by Richard Feynman’s 1959 lecture and the 1966 film Fantastic Voyage, the field of micro/nanorobots has evolved from science fiction to reality, with significant advancements in biomedical and environmental applications. Despite the rapid progress, the deployment of functional micro/nanorobots remains limited. This review of the technology roadmap identifies key challenges hindering their widespread use, focusing on propulsion mechanisms, fundamental theoretical aspects, collective behavior, material design, and embodied intelligence. We explore the current state of micro/nanorobot technology, with an emphasis on applications in biomedicine, environmental remediation, analytical sensing, and other industrial technological aspects. Additionally, we analyze issues related to scaling up production, commercialization, and regulatory frameworks that are crucial for transitioning from research to practical applications. We also emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to address both technical and nontechnical challenges, such as sustainability, ethics, and business considerations. Finally, we propose a roadmap for future research to accelerate the development of micro/nanorobots, positioning them as essential tools for addressing grand challenges and enhancing the quality of life."}],"intvolume":"        19","file":[{"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:07:31Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2025_ACSNano_Ju.pdf","creator":"dernst","checksum":"5f6034144bf9f649ff74fed01b04aa22","file_id":"20901","success":1,"date_created":"2025-12-30T09:07:31Z","file_size":11892237,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"month":"06","article_type":"review","volume":19,"department":[{"_id":"JePa"}],"publication":"ACS Nano","external_id":{"pmid":["40577644"],"isi":["001519731400001"]},"date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:07:44Z","oa":1,"doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c03911","has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1936-0851"],"eissn":["1936-086X"]},"file_date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:07:31Z","citation":{"ieee":"X. Ju <i>et al.</i>, “Technology roadmap of micro/nanorobots,” <i>ACS Nano</i>, vol. 19, no. 27. American Chemical Society, pp. 24174–24334, 2025.","ista":"Ju X et al. 2025. Technology roadmap of micro/nanorobots. ACS Nano. 19(27), 24174–24334.","mla":"Ju, Xiaohui, et al. “Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.” <i>ACS Nano</i>, vol. 19, no. 27, American Chemical Society, 2025, pp. 24174–334, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c03911\">10.1021/acsnano.5c03911</a>.","apa":"Ju, X., Chen, C., Oral, C. M., Sevim, S., Golestanian, R., Sun, M., … Pumera, M. (2025). Technology roadmap of micro/nanorobots. <i>ACS Nano</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c03911\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c03911</a>","chicago":"Ju, Xiaohui, Chuanrui Chen, Cagatay M. Oral, Semih Sevim, Ramin Golestanian, Mengmeng Sun, Negin Bouzari, et al. “Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.” <i>ACS Nano</i>. American Chemical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c03911\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c03911</a>.","ama":"Ju X, Chen C, Oral CM, et al. Technology roadmap of micro/nanorobots. <i>ACS Nano</i>. 2025;19(27):24174-24334. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c03911\">10.1021/acsnano.5c03911</a>","short":"X. Ju, C. Chen, C.M. Oral, S. Sevim, R. Golestanian, M. Sun, N. Bouzari, X. Lin, M. Urso, J.S. Nam, Y. Cho, X. Peng, F.C. Landers, S. Yang, A. Adibi, N. Taz, R. Wittkowski, D. Ahmed, W. Wang, V. Magdanz, M. Medina-Sánchez, M. Guix, N. Bari, B. Behkam, R. Kapral, Y. Huang, J. Tang, B. Wang, K. Morozov, A. Leshansky, S.A. Abbasi, H. Choi, S. Ghosh, B. Borges Fernandes, G. Battaglia, P. Fischer, A. Ghosh, B. Jurado Sánchez, A. Escarpa, Q. Martinet, J.A. Palacci, E. Lauga, J. Moran, M.A. Ramos-Docampo, B. Städler, R.S. Herrera Restrepo, G. Yossifon, J.D. Nicholas, J. Ignés-Mullol, J. Puigmartí-Luis, Y. Liu, L.D. Zarzar, C.W. Shields, L. Li, S. Li, X. Ma, D.H. Gracias, O. Velev, S. Sánchez, M.J. Esplandiu, J. Simmchen, A. Lobosco, S. Misra, Z. Wu, J. Li, A. Kuhn, A. Nourhani, T. Maric, Z. Xiong, A. Aghakhani, Y. Mei, Y. Tu, F. Peng, E. Diller, M.S. Sakar, A. Sen, J. Law, Y. Sun, A. Pena-Francesch, K. Villa, H. Li, D.E. Fan, K. Liang, T.J. Huang, X.-Z. Chen, S. Tang, X. Zhang, J. Cui, H. Wang, W. Gao, V. Kumar Bandari, O.G. Schmidt, X. Wu, J. Guan, M. Sitti, B.J. Nelson, S. Pané, L. Zhang, H. Shahsavan, Q. He, I.-D. Kim, J. Wang, M. Pumera, ACS Nano 19 (2025) 24174–24334."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","PlanS_conform":"1","OA_type":"hybrid","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","ddc":["540"],"page":"24174-24334","day":"27","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"isi":1,"scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","issue":"27","publication_status":"published","publisher":"American Chemical Society","status":"public","date_created":"2025-07-10T14:53:27Z","acknowledgement":"The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies. Martin Pumera acknowledges the financial support of Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (EXPRO: 25-15484X). Xiaohui Ju, Xia Peng and Cagatay M. Oral acknowledge ERDF/ESF project TECHSCALE (No. CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004587) for financial support. Xiaohui Ju acknowledges the financial support from Czech Grant Agency GACR standard grant No. 25-15996S. Salvador Pane, Fabian Landers and Semih Sevim acknowledge funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Proactive Open program under FETPROACT-EIC-05-2019 ANGIE (No. 952152) and the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme under the EVA project (GA no. 101047081).Li Zhang acknowledges funding support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) with grant numbers R4015-2, RFS2122-4S03, and STG1/E-401/23-N. Hamed Shahsavan acknowledges Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Cagatay M. Oral and Hamed Shahsavan were in part funded by the WIN-CEITEC BUT Joint Seed Funding Program. Qiang He and Xiankun Lin acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22193033, U22A20346) and Heilongjiang Provincial Key R&D Program (2022ZX02C23) for providing financial support. Il-Doo Kim acknowledges the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. RS-2024-00435493). Ramin Golestanian acknowledges support from the Max Planck School Matter to Life and the MaxSynBio Consortium which are jointly funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) of Germany and the Max Planck Society. Bradley J. Nelson and Semih Sevim acknowledge funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation under SNSF-Sinergia project no. 198643. Raphael Wittkowski is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) − 535275785. Daniel Ahmed acknowledges the support provided by the European Research Council, as part of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 853309, SONOBOTS) and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under the SNSF Project funding MINT 2022 grant agreement No. 213058. Daniel Ahmed also extends thanks to Zhiyuan Zhang, Mahmoud Medany, and Prajwal Agrawal for helpful discussions. Wei Wang acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (T2322006) and the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (RCYX20210609103122038). Mariana Medina-Sánchez acknowledges the financial support received from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC Starting Grant Nr. 853609), the HORIZON-MSCA-2022-COFUND-101126600-SmartBRAIN3, and the Grant PID2023-148899OA-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. Maria Guix acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science (grants RYC2020-945030119-I and PID2023-151682NA-I00 funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ and FEDER) and Unidades de Excelencia María de Maeztu 2021 CEX2021-001202-M. Bahareh Behkam and Naimat Kalim Bari acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (CBET-2318093). Naimat Kalim Bari also gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Virginia Tech Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship. Raymond Kapral acknowledges the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Giuseppe Battaglia, Subhadip Ghosh and Bárbara Borges Fernandes thank the European Research Council ChessTaG grant 769798 (G.B.); Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain, Proyectos I+D+I PID2020-119914RBI00 and Proyectos I+D+I PID2023-149206OB-I00 and the Agencia de Gestión de Ayudas Universitarias y de Investigación (AGAUR) for the grant SGR 01538 and for SG fellowship (2022 BP 00214). Alexander Leshansky and Konstantin Morozov acknowledge the support of the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) via grant no. 2899/21. Alberto Escarpa and Beatriz Jurado Sánchez acknowledge support from The Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [Grant PID2023-152298NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER, UE (A.E, B. J. S), grant TED2021-132720B-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR (A.E, B. J. S); grant CNS2023-144653 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR] and Junta de Comunidades de Castilla la Mancha (grant number SBPLY/23/180225/000058). Jeremie Palacci acknowledges support from the European Union through ERC grant (VULCAN, 101086998). Josep Puigmartí-Luis acknowledges the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) for the María de Maeztu, project no. CEX2021-001202-M, the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Grant No. PID2020-116612RB-C33 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (2021 SGR 00270). James D. Nicholas, Jordi Ignés-Mullol, and Josep Puigmartí-Luis acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme under the EVA project (GA no: 101047081). Josep Puigmartí-Luis and Jordi Ignés-Mullol acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Proactive Open program under FETPROACT-EIC-05-2019 ANGIE (No. 952152). Jordi Ignés-Mullol also acknowledges the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Grant No. PID2022-137713NB-C21 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Lauren Zarzar and Yutong Liu acknowledge support from the US Army Research Office (Grant W911NF-18-1-0414). Longqiu Li acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52125505, U23A20637) for providing financial support. Wyatt Shields acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through a CAREER grant (CBET 2143419). Xing Ma acknowledges the support from Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (RCJC20231211090000001). David H. Gracias acknowledges support from the NIH-NIBIB (R01EB017742). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Samuel Sánchez acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe research and innovation programmes (grants agreement No 866348, i-NanoSwarms), the CERCA program by the Generalitat de Catalunya, the project 2021 SGR 01606, and the \"Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa\" (Grant CEX2023-001282-S). Maria Jose Esplandiu acknowledges the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (MICIN) through PID 2021-124568NB-I00 and TED2021-129898B-C21 project. Sarthak Misra and Antonio Lobosco acknowledge funding from European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant Nr. 866494, project-MAESTRO). Jinxing Li acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Award Nos. CMMI 2323917, ECCS-2216131, ECCS 2339495, ECCS-2334134, NIH NIBIB Trailblazer R21 Award, and Henry Ford Hospital + MSU Cancer Research Pilot Award. Ze Xiong acknowledges the financial support from the International S&T Cooperation Program of Shanghai (24490710900) and the start-up grant from ShanghaiTech University (2023F0209-000-02). Yongfeng Mei acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62375054), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (24520750200, 24CL2900200), and Shanghai Talent Programs. Ayusman Sen thanks the National Science Foundation, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Sloan Foundation for their financial support. Abdon Pena-Francesch acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA9550-24-1-0185. Katherine Villa acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (GA no. 101076680; PhotoSwim) and the support from the Spanish Ministry of Science (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and the European Union (Next generation EU/PRTR) through the Ramón y Cajal grant, RYC2021-031075-I. Kang Liang acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (DP250101401 and FT220100479) and the National Breast Cancer Foundation, Australia (IIRS-22–104). Jizhai Cui acknowledges the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2022YFA1207000) and Shanghai Rising-Star Program (24QA2700700). Xiang-Zhong Chen acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52473254) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFB35070003)","project":[{"name":"VULCAN: matter, powered from within","grant_number":"101086998","_id":"bdac72da-d553-11ed-ba76-eae56e802b74"}],"year":"2025","author":[{"last_name":"Ju","first_name":"Xiaohui","full_name":"Ju, Xiaohui"},{"last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Chuanrui","first_name":"Chuanrui"},{"last_name":"Oral","first_name":"Cagatay M.","full_name":"Oral, Cagatay M."},{"last_name":"Sevim","first_name":"Semih","full_name":"Sevim, Semih"},{"first_name":"Ramin","full_name":"Golestanian, Ramin","last_name":"Golestanian"},{"last_name":"Sun","first_name":"Mengmeng","full_name":"Sun, Mengmeng"},{"first_name":"Negin","full_name":"Bouzari, Negin","last_name":"Bouzari"},{"last_name":"Lin","full_name":"Lin, Xiankun","first_name":"Xiankun"},{"first_name":"Mario","full_name":"Urso, Mario","last_name":"Urso"},{"last_name":"Nam","full_name":"Nam, Jong Seok","first_name":"Jong Seok"},{"full_name":"Cho, Yujang","first_name":"Yujang","last_name":"Cho"},{"first_name":"Xia","full_name":"Peng, Xia","last_name":"Peng"},{"last_name":"Landers","full_name":"Landers, Fabian C.","first_name":"Fabian C."},{"first_name":"Shihao","full_name":"Yang, Shihao","last_name":"Yang"},{"last_name":"Adibi","full_name":"Adibi, Azin","first_name":"Azin"},{"first_name":"Nahid","full_name":"Taz, Nahid","last_name":"Taz"},{"first_name":"Raphael","full_name":"Wittkowski, Raphael","last_name":"Wittkowski"},{"last_name":"Ahmed","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Ahmed, Daniel"},{"last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Wei","first_name":"Wei"},{"full_name":"Magdanz, Veronika","first_name":"Veronika","last_name":"Magdanz"},{"last_name":"Medina-Sánchez","first_name":"Mariana","full_name":"Medina-Sánchez, Mariana"},{"last_name":"Guix","first_name":"Maria","full_name":"Guix, Maria"},{"last_name":"Bari","full_name":"Bari, Naimat","first_name":"Naimat"},{"last_name":"Behkam","full_name":"Behkam, Bahareh","first_name":"Bahareh"},{"last_name":"Kapral","full_name":"Kapral, Raymond","first_name":"Raymond"},{"full_name":"Huang, Yaxin","first_name":"Yaxin","last_name":"Huang"},{"last_name":"Tang","full_name":"Tang, Jinyao","first_name":"Jinyao"},{"first_name":"Ben","full_name":"Wang, Ben","last_name":"Wang"},{"last_name":"Morozov","first_name":"Konstantin","full_name":"Morozov, Konstantin"},{"last_name":"Leshansky","first_name":"Alexander","full_name":"Leshansky, Alexander"},{"full_name":"Abbasi, Sarmad Ahmad","first_name":"Sarmad Ahmad","last_name":"Abbasi"},{"full_name":"Choi, Hongsoo","first_name":"Hongsoo","last_name":"Choi"},{"last_name":"Ghosh","full_name":"Ghosh, Subhadip","first_name":"Subhadip"},{"first_name":"Bárbara","full_name":"Borges Fernandes, Bárbara","last_name":"Borges Fernandes"},{"last_name":"Battaglia","full_name":"Battaglia, Giuseppe","first_name":"Giuseppe"},{"last_name":"Fischer","first_name":"Peer","full_name":"Fischer, Peer"},{"last_name":"Ghosh","first_name":"Ambarish","full_name":"Ghosh, Ambarish"},{"full_name":"Jurado Sánchez, Beatriz","first_name":"Beatriz","last_name":"Jurado Sánchez"},{"last_name":"Escarpa","first_name":"Alberto","full_name":"Escarpa, Alberto"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2916-6632","id":"b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab","last_name":"Martinet","full_name":"Martinet, Quentin","first_name":"Quentin"},{"last_name":"Palacci","id":"8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d","first_name":"Jérémie A","full_name":"Palacci, Jérémie A","orcid":"0000-0002-7253-9465"},{"last_name":"Lauga","first_name":"Eric","full_name":"Lauga, Eric"},{"last_name":"Moran","full_name":"Moran, Jeffrey","first_name":"Jeffrey"},{"last_name":"Ramos-Docampo","full_name":"Ramos-Docampo, Miguel A.","first_name":"Miguel A."},{"last_name":"Städler","first_name":"Brigitte","full_name":"Städler, Brigitte"},{"last_name":"Herrera Restrepo","first_name":"Ramón Santiago","full_name":"Herrera Restrepo, Ramón Santiago"},{"last_name":"Yossifon","full_name":"Yossifon, Gilad","first_name":"Gilad"},{"last_name":"Nicholas","first_name":"James D.","full_name":"Nicholas, James D."},{"first_name":"Jordi","full_name":"Ignés-Mullol, Jordi","last_name":"Ignés-Mullol"},{"full_name":"Puigmartí-Luis, Josep","first_name":"Josep","last_name":"Puigmartí-Luis"},{"first_name":"Yutong","full_name":"Liu, Yutong","last_name":"Liu"},{"first_name":"Lauren D.","full_name":"Zarzar, Lauren D.","last_name":"Zarzar"},{"first_name":"C. 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journal)"},{"issue":"33","date_published":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","isi":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","ddc":["530"],"day":"18","type":"journal_article","arxiv":1,"title":"Roadmap for animate matter","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"last_name":"Volpe","full_name":"Volpe, Giorgio","first_name":"Giorgio"},{"last_name":"Araújo","first_name":"Nuno A.M.","full_name":"Araújo, Nuno A.M."},{"last_name":"Guix","full_name":"Guix, Maria","first_name":"Maria"},{"full_name":"Miodownik, Mark","first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Miodownik"},{"last_name":"Martin","full_name":"Martin, Nicolas","first_name":"Nicolas"},{"last_name":"Alvarez","full_name":"Alvarez, Laura","first_name":"Laura"},{"first_name":"Juliane","full_name":"Simmchen, Juliane","last_name":"Simmchen"},{"last_name":"Leonardo","first_name":"Roberto Di","full_name":"Leonardo, Roberto Di"},{"last_name":"Pellicciotta","full_name":"Pellicciotta, Nicola","first_name":"Nicola"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2916-6632","full_name":"Martinet, Quentin","first_name":"Quentin","last_name":"Martinet","id":"b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-7253-9465","first_name":"Jérémie A","full_name":"Palacci, Jérémie A","last_name":"Palacci","id":"8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d"},{"full_name":"Ng, Wai Kit","first_name":"Wai Kit","last_name":"Ng"},{"last_name":"Saxena","full_name":"Saxena, Dhruv","first_name":"Dhruv"},{"full_name":"Sapienza, Riccardo","first_name":"Riccardo","last_name":"Sapienza"},{"last_name":"Nadine","full_name":"Nadine, Sara","first_name":"Sara"},{"last_name":"Mano","first_name":"João F.","full_name":"Mano, João F."},{"first_name":"Reza","full_name":"Mahdavi, Reza","last_name":"Mahdavi"},{"last_name":"Beck Adiels","full_name":"Beck Adiels, Caroline","first_name":"Caroline"},{"last_name":"Forth","first_name":"Joe","full_name":"Forth, Joe"},{"full_name":"Santangelo, Christian","first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Santangelo"},{"first_name":"Stefano","full_name":"Palagi, Stefano","last_name":"Palagi"},{"last_name":"Seok","full_name":"Seok, Ji Min","first_name":"Ji Min"},{"first_name":"Victoria A.","full_name":"Webster-Wood, Victoria A.","last_name":"Webster-Wood"},{"first_name":"Shuhong","full_name":"Wang, Shuhong","last_name":"Wang"},{"last_name":"Yao","first_name":"Lining","full_name":"Yao, Lining"},{"full_name":"Aghakhani, Amirreza","first_name":"Amirreza","last_name":"Aghakhani"},{"last_name":"Barois","full_name":"Barois, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"last_name":"Kellay","full_name":"Kellay, Hamid","first_name":"Hamid"},{"first_name":"Corentin","full_name":"Coulais, Corentin","last_name":"Coulais"},{"last_name":"Van Hecke","first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Van Hecke, Martin"},{"full_name":"Pierce, Christopher J.","first_name":"Christopher J.","last_name":"Pierce"},{"full_name":"Wang, Tianyu","first_name":"Tianyu","last_name":"Wang"},{"last_name":"Chong","first_name":"Baxi","full_name":"Chong, Baxi"},{"full_name":"Goldman, Daniel I.","first_name":"Daniel I.","last_name":"Goldman"},{"last_name":"Reina","first_name":"Andreagiovanni","full_name":"Reina, Andreagiovanni"},{"last_name":"Trianni","full_name":"Trianni, Vito","first_name":"Vito"},{"last_name":"Volpe","full_name":"Volpe, Giovanni","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"last_name":"Beckett","first_name":"Richard","full_name":"Beckett, Richard"},{"last_name":"Nair","full_name":"Nair, Sean P.","first_name":"Sean P."},{"full_name":"Armstrong, Rachel","first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Armstrong"}],"year":"2025","OA_place":"publisher","acknowledgement":"Living Architecture is Funded by the EU Horizon 2020 Future Emerging Technologies Open programme (2016–2019) Grant Agreement 686585 a consortium of 6 collaborating institutions—Newcastle University, University of Trento, University of the West of England, Spanish National Research Council, Explora Biotech and Liquifer Systems Group.\r\n\r\nThe Active Living Infrastructure: Controlled Environment (ALICE) project is funded by an EU Innovation Award for the development of a bio-digital ‘brick’ prototype, a collaboration between Newcastle University, Translating Nature, and the University of the West of England (2019–2021) under EU Grant Agreement No. 851246.\r\n\r\nMicrobial Hydroponics: Circular Sustainable Electrobiosynthesis (Mi-Hy) is Funded by the European Union under Grant Agreement Number 101114746, which is a collaboration between Beneficiaries, KU Leuven (Belgium), the University of Southampton (UK), SONY Computer Science Laboratory (France), BioFaction KG (Austria), Spanish National Research Council (Spain), and Associated Partners, the University of the West of England (UK) and University of Southampton (UK). Mi-Hy is also supported through the interdisciplinary KU Leuven Institute for Cultural Heritage (HERKUL).","date_created":"2025-08-24T22:01:30Z","status":"public","publication_status":"published","publisher":"IOP Publishing","oa":1,"date_updated":"2025-09-30T14:25:12Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2407.10623"],"isi":["001550090200001"]},"volume":37,"publication":"Journal of Physics Condensed Matter","department":[{"_id":"JePa"}],"file":[{"file_name":"2025_CondensedMatter_Volpe.pdf","date_updated":"2025-09-02T07:22:48Z","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":8997829,"success":1,"date_created":"2025-09-02T07:22:48Z","file_id":"20271","checksum":"7309274f78bed785b158bd290337f456","creator":"dernst"}],"_id":"20218","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Humanity has long sought inspiration from nature to innovate materials and devices. As science advances, nature-inspired materials are becoming part of our lives. Animate materials, characterized by their activity, adaptability, and autonomy, emulate properties of living systems. While only biological materials fully embody these principles, artificial versions are advancing rapidly, promising transformative impacts in the circular economy, health and climate resilience within a generation. This roadmap presents authoritative perspectives on animate materials across different disciplines and scales, highlighting their interdisciplinary nature and potential applications in diverse fields including nanotechnology, robotics and the built environment. It underscores the need for concerted efforts to address shared challenges such as complexity management, scalability, evolvability, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ethical and environmental considerations. The framework defined by classifying materials based on their level of animacy can guide this emerging field to encourage cooperation and responsible development. By unravelling the mysteries of living matter and leveraging its principles, we can design materials and systems that will transform our world in a more sustainable manner."}],"intvolume":"        37","article_type":"original","month":"08","OA_type":"hybrid","PlanS_conform":"1","quality_controlled":"1","article_number":"333501","file_date_updated":"2025-09-02T07:22:48Z","citation":{"ama":"Volpe G, Araújo NAM, Guix M, et al. Roadmap for animate matter. <i>Journal of Physics Condensed Matter</i>. 2025;37(33). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3\">10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3</a>","short":"G. Volpe, N.A.M. Araújo, M. Guix, M. Miodownik, N. Martin, L. Alvarez, J. Simmchen, R.D. Leonardo, N. Pellicciotta, Q. Martinet, J.A. Palacci, W.K. Ng, D. Saxena, R. Sapienza, S. Nadine, J.F. Mano, R. Mahdavi, C. Beck Adiels, J. Forth, C. Santangelo, S. Palagi, J.M. Seok, V.A. Webster-Wood, S. Wang, L. Yao, A. Aghakhani, T. Barois, H. Kellay, C. Coulais, M. Van Hecke, C.J. Pierce, T. Wang, B. Chong, D.I. Goldman, A. Reina, V. Trianni, G. Volpe, R. Beckett, S.P. Nair, R. Armstrong, Journal of Physics Condensed Matter 37 (2025).","ieee":"G. Volpe <i>et al.</i>, “Roadmap for animate matter,” <i>Journal of Physics Condensed Matter</i>, vol. 37, no. 33. IOP Publishing, 2025.","apa":"Volpe, G., Araújo, N. A. M., Guix, M., Miodownik, M., Martin, N., Alvarez, L., … Armstrong, R. (2025). Roadmap for animate matter. <i>Journal of Physics Condensed Matter</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3</a>","ista":"Volpe G, Araújo NAM, Guix M, Miodownik M, Martin N, Alvarez L, Simmchen J, Leonardo RD, Pellicciotta N, Martinet Q, Palacci JA, Ng WK, Saxena D, Sapienza R, Nadine S, Mano JF, Mahdavi R, Beck Adiels C, Forth J, Santangelo C, Palagi S, Seok JM, Webster-Wood VA, Wang S, Yao L, Aghakhani A, Barois T, Kellay H, Coulais C, Van Hecke M, Pierce CJ, Wang T, Chong B, Goldman DI, Reina A, Trianni V, Volpe G, Beckett R, Nair SP, Armstrong R. 2025. Roadmap for animate matter. Journal of Physics Condensed Matter. 37(33), 333501.","mla":"Volpe, Giorgio, et al. “Roadmap for Animate Matter.” <i>Journal of Physics Condensed Matter</i>, vol. 37, no. 33, 333501, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3\">10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3</a>.","chicago":"Volpe, Giorgio, Nuno A.M. Araújo, Maria Guix, Mark Miodownik, Nicolas Martin, Laura Alvarez, Juliane Simmchen, et al. “Roadmap for Animate Matter.” <i>Journal of Physics Condensed Matter</i>. IOP Publishing, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3</a>."},"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1361-648X"],"issn":["0953-8984"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","doi":"10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"}},{"volume":19,"publication":"ACS Nano","department":[{"_id":"JePa"}],"_id":"19441","intvolume":"        19","abstract":[{"text":"Catalytic microswimmers convert the chemical energy from fuel into motion. They sustain chemical gradients and fluid flows that propel them by phoresis. This leads to unconventional behavior and collective dynamics, such as self-organization into complex structures. Characterizing the nonequilibrium interactions of microswimmers is crucial for advancing our understanding of active systems. However, this remains a challenge owing to the importance of fluctuations at the microscale and the difficulty in disentangling the different contributions to the interactions. Here, we show a massive dependence of the nonequilibrium interactions on the shape of catalytic microswimmers. We perform tracking experiments at high throughput to map interactions between nanocolloidal tracers and dimeric microswimmers of various aspect ratios. Our method leverages dual tracers with differing phoretic mobilities to quantitatively disentangle phoretic motion from hydrodynamic advection. This approach is validated through experiments on single chemically active sites and on immobilized catalytic microswimmers. We further investigate the activity-driven interactions of free microswimmers and directly measure their phoretic interactions. When compared to standard models, our findings highlight the important role of osmotic flows for microswimmers near surfaces and reveal an enhanced contribution of hydrodynamic advection relative to phoretic motion as the size of the microswimmer increases. Our study provides robust measurements of the nonequilibrium interactions from catalytic microswimmers and lays the groundwork for a realistic description of active systems.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"03","article_type":"original","oa":1,"date_updated":"2025-10-16T10:26:59Z","external_id":{"isi":["001443359300001"],"pmid":["40069094"]},"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1936-086X"],"issn":["1936-0851"]},"doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c18078","OA_type":"green","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ieee":"C. Carrasco, Q. Martinet, Z. Shen, J. Lintuvuori, J. A. Palacci, and A. Aubret, “Characterization of nonequilibrium interactions of catalytic microswimmers using phoretically responsive nanotracers,” <i>ACS Nano</i>, vol. 19, no. 11. American Chemical Society, pp. 11133–11145, 2025.","ista":"Carrasco C, Martinet Q, Shen Z, Lintuvuori J, Palacci JA, Aubret A. 2025. Characterization of nonequilibrium interactions of catalytic microswimmers using phoretically responsive nanotracers. ACS Nano. 19(11), 11133–11145.","mla":"Carrasco, Celso, et al. “Characterization of Nonequilibrium Interactions of Catalytic Microswimmers Using Phoretically Responsive Nanotracers.” <i>ACS Nano</i>, vol. 19, no. 11, American Chemical Society, 2025, pp. 11133–45, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c18078\">10.1021/acsnano.4c18078</a>.","apa":"Carrasco, C., Martinet, Q., Shen, Z., Lintuvuori, J., Palacci, J. A., &#38; Aubret, A. (2025). Characterization of nonequilibrium interactions of catalytic microswimmers using phoretically responsive nanotracers. <i>ACS Nano</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c18078\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c18078</a>","chicago":"Carrasco, Celso, Quentin Martinet, Zaiyi Shen, Juho Lintuvuori, Jérémie A Palacci, and Antoine Aubret. “Characterization of Nonequilibrium Interactions of Catalytic Microswimmers Using Phoretically Responsive Nanotracers.” <i>ACS Nano</i>. American Chemical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c18078\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c18078</a>.","ama":"Carrasco C, Martinet Q, Shen Z, Lintuvuori J, Palacci JA, Aubret A. Characterization of nonequilibrium interactions of catalytic microswimmers using phoretically responsive nanotracers. <i>ACS Nano</i>. 2025;19(11):11133-11145. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c18078\">10.1021/acsnano.4c18078</a>","short":"C. Carrasco, Q. Martinet, Z. Shen, J. Lintuvuori, J.A. Palacci, A. Aubret, ACS Nano 19 (2025) 11133–11145."},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://hal.science/hal-04682818v2"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","isi":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","page":"11133-11145","day":"11","type":"journal_article","issue":"11","date_published":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"The authors thank M. Perrin and A. Allard for enlightening discussions. This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [10.55776/P35206]. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No. 886024.","date_created":"2025-03-23T23:01:26Z","status":"public","project":[{"_id":"eb99c9bb-77a9-11ec-83b8-9f8cffa20a35","grant_number":"P35206","name":"Emergent Behavior in Spinning Active Matter"}],"publication_status":"published","publisher":"American Chemical Society","pmid":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Characterization of nonequilibrium interactions of catalytic microswimmers using phoretically responsive nanotracers","oa_version":"Submitted Version","author":[{"last_name":"Carrasco","full_name":"Carrasco, Celso","first_name":"Celso"},{"first_name":"Quentin","full_name":"Martinet, Quentin","last_name":"Martinet","id":"b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab","orcid":"0000-0002-2916-6632"},{"last_name":"Shen","full_name":"Shen, Zaiyi","first_name":"Zaiyi"},{"last_name":"Lintuvuori","full_name":"Lintuvuori, Juho","first_name":"Juho"},{"last_name":"Palacci","id":"8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d","full_name":"Palacci, Jérémie A","first_name":"Jérémie A","orcid":"0000-0002-7253-9465"},{"last_name":"Aubret","full_name":"Aubret, Antoine","first_name":"Antoine"}],"year":"2025","OA_place":"repository"},{"article_type":"original","month":"10","file":[{"file_name":"2025_PhysicalReviewX_Martinet.pdf","date_updated":"2025-12-01T07:30:00Z","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","success":1,"date_created":"2025-12-01T07:30:00Z","file_size":5902259,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"20714","checksum":"bb64ea9f2c400205fd89e9bdd15cc850","creator":"dernst"}],"_id":"20708","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In equilibrium, the physical properties of matter are set by the interactions between the constituents. In contrast, the energy input of the individual components controls the behavior of synthetic or living active matter. Great progress has been made in understanding the emergent phenomena in active fluids, though their inability to resist shear forces hinders their practical use. This motivates the exploration of active solids as shape-shifting materials, yet, we lack controlled synthetic systems to devise active solids with unconventional properties. Here we build active elastic beams from dozens of active colloids and unveil complex emergent behaviors such as self-oscillations or persistent rotations. Developing tensile tests at the microscale, we show that the active beams are ultrasoft materials, with large (nonequilibrium) fluctuations. Combining experiments, theory, and stochastic inference, we show that the dynamics of the active beams can be mapped on different phase transitions which are tuned by boundary conditions. More quantitatively, we assess all relevant parameters by independent measurements or first-principles calculations, and find that our theoretical description agrees with the experimental observations. Our results demonstrate that the simple addition of activity to an elastic beam unveils novel physics and can inspire design strategies for active solids and functional microscopic machines."}],"intvolume":"        15","publication":"Physical Review X","department":[{"_id":"EdHa"},{"_id":"JePa"}],"DOAJ_listed":"1","volume":15,"date_updated":"2026-05-20T08:58:06Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2508.20642"]},"oa":1,"corr_author":"1","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"has_accepted_license":"1","doi":"10.1103/rjk2-q2wh","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2160-3308"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_number":"041017","citation":{"ieee":"Q. Martinet, Y. I. Li, A. Aubret, E. B. Hannezo, and J. A. Palacci, “Emergent dynamics of active elastic microbeams,” <i>Physical Review X</i>, vol. 15, no. 4. American Physical Society, 2025.","chicago":"Martinet, Quentin, Yuting I Li, A. Aubret, Edouard B Hannezo, and Jérémie A Palacci. “Emergent Dynamics of Active Elastic Microbeams.” <i>Physical Review X</i>. American Physical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/rjk2-q2wh\">https://doi.org/10.1103/rjk2-q2wh</a>.","apa":"Martinet, Q., Li, Y. I., Aubret, A., Hannezo, E. B., &#38; Palacci, J. A. (2025). Emergent dynamics of active elastic microbeams. <i>Physical Review X</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/rjk2-q2wh\">https://doi.org/10.1103/rjk2-q2wh</a>","ista":"Martinet Q, Li YI, Aubret A, Hannezo EB, Palacci JA. 2025. Emergent dynamics of active elastic microbeams. Physical Review X. 15(4), 041017.","mla":"Martinet, Quentin, et al. “Emergent Dynamics of Active Elastic Microbeams.” <i>Physical Review X</i>, vol. 15, no. 4, 041017, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/rjk2-q2wh\">10.1103/rjk2-q2wh</a>.","ama":"Martinet Q, Li YI, Aubret A, Hannezo EB, Palacci JA. Emergent dynamics of active elastic microbeams. <i>Physical Review X</i>. 2025;15(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/rjk2-q2wh\">10.1103/rjk2-q2wh</a>","short":"Q. Martinet, Y.I. Li, A. Aubret, E.B. Hannezo, J.A. Palacci, Physical Review X 15 (2025)."},"file_date_updated":"2025-12-01T07:30:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"gold","PlanS_conform":"1","day":"31","ddc":["530"],"type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"APC_amount":"4695,11 EUR","date_published":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","issue":"4","publisher":"American Physical Society","publication_status":"published","project":[{"_id":"bdac72da-d553-11ed-ba76-eae56e802b74","name":"VULCAN: matter, powered from within","grant_number":"101086998"},{"_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program","grant_number":"101034413"}],"acknowledgement":"The authors thank Andela Saric, Christoph Zechner, and Paul Robin for helpful discussions. J. P. acknowledges support by ERC grant (VULCAN, 101086998) and U.S. ARO under Award No. W911NF2310008. Y. I. L. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101034413.","status":"public","date_created":"2025-11-30T23:02:08Z","OA_place":"publisher","author":[{"last_name":"Martinet","id":"b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab","full_name":"Martinet, Quentin","first_name":"Quentin","orcid":"0000-0002-2916-6632"},{"id":"ee7a5ca8-8b71-11ed-b662-b3341c05b7eb","last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Yuting I","first_name":"Yuting I"},{"last_name":"Aubret","full_name":"Aubret, A.","first_name":"A."},{"first_name":"Edouard B","full_name":"Hannezo, Edouard B","last_name":"Hannezo","id":"3A9DB764-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6005-1561"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-7253-9465","id":"8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d","last_name":"Palacci","full_name":"Palacci, Jérémie A","first_name":"Jérémie A"}],"year":"2025","article_processing_charge":"Yes","title":"Emergent dynamics of active elastic microbeams","ec_funded":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","arxiv":1},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2640-4567"]},"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"doi":"10.1002/aisy.202200129","has_accepted_license":"1","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","citation":{"ista":"Martinet Q, Aubret A, Palacci JA. 2023. Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning of active cogwheels. Advanced Intelligent Systems. 5(1), 2200129.","apa":"Martinet, Q., Aubret, A., &#38; Palacci, J. A. (2023). Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning of active cogwheels. <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129\">https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129</a>","mla":"Martinet, Quentin, et al. “Rotation Control, Interlocking, and Self‐positioning of Active Cogwheels.” <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>, vol. 5, no. 1, 2200129, Wiley, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129\">10.1002/aisy.202200129</a>.","chicago":"Martinet, Quentin, Antoine Aubret, and Jérémie A Palacci. “Rotation Control, Interlocking, and Self‐positioning of Active Cogwheels.” <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>. Wiley, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129\">https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129</a>.","ieee":"Q. Martinet, A. Aubret, and J. A. Palacci, “Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning of active cogwheels,” <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>, vol. 5, no. 1. Wiley, 2023.","short":"Q. Martinet, A. Aubret, J.A. Palacci, Advanced Intelligent Systems 5 (2023).","ama":"Martinet Q, Aubret A, Palacci JA. Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning of active cogwheels. <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>. 2023;5(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129\">10.1002/aisy.202200129</a>"},"file_date_updated":"2023-04-17T06:44:17Z","article_number":"2200129","department":[{"_id":"JePa"}],"publication":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","volume":5,"month":"01","article_type":"original","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Gears and cogwheels are elemental components of machines. They restrain degrees of freedom and channel power into a specified motion. Building and powering small-scale cogwheels are key steps toward feasible micro and nanomachinery. Assembly, energy injection, and control are, however, a challenge at the microscale. In contrast with passive gears, whose function is to transmit torques from one to another, interlocking and untethered active gears have the potential to unveil dynamics and functions untapped by externally driven mechanisms. Here, it is shown the assembly and control of a family of self-spinning cogwheels with varying teeth numbers and study the interlocking of multiple cogwheels. The teeth are formed by colloidal microswimmers that power the structure. The cogwheels are autonomous and active, showing persistent rotation. Leveraging the angular momentum of optical vortices, we control the direction of rotation of the cogwheels. The pairs of interlocking and active cogwheels that roll over each other in a random walk and have curvature-dependent mobility are studied. This behavior is leveraged to self-position parts and program microbots, demonstrating the ability to pick up, direct, and release a load. The work constitutes a step toward autonomous machinery with external control as well as (re)programmable microbots and matter."}],"_id":"12822","intvolume":"         5","file":[{"creator":"dernst","checksum":"d48fc41d39892e7fa0d44cb352dd46aa","file_id":"12840","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2023-04-17T06:44:17Z","file_size":2414125,"success":1,"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2023-04-17T06:44:17Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2023_AdvancedIntelligentSystems_Martinet.pdf"}],"oa":1,"corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2201.03333"],"isi":["000852291200001"]},"date_updated":"2024-10-09T21:04:56Z","date_created":"2023-04-12T08:30:03Z","status":"public","acknowledgement":"Army Research Office. Grant Number: W911NF-20-1-0112","publisher":"Wiley","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning of active cogwheels","arxiv":1,"year":"2023","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-2916-6632","id":"b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab","last_name":"Martinet","first_name":"Quentin","full_name":"Martinet, Quentin"},{"full_name":"Aubret, Antoine","first_name":"Antoine","last_name":"Aubret"},{"full_name":"Palacci, Jérémie A","first_name":"Jérémie A","last_name":"Palacci","id":"8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d","orcid":"0000-0002-7253-9465"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"isi":1,"type":"journal_article","ddc":["530"],"day":"01","issue":"1","date_published":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"},{"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","article_number":"6398","file_date_updated":"2021-11-15T13:25:52Z","citation":{"ama":"Aubret A, Martinet Q, Palacci JA. Metamachines of pluripotent colloids. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2021;12(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6\">10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6</a>","short":"A. Aubret, Q. Martinet, J.A. Palacci, Nature Communications 12 (2021).","ieee":"A. Aubret, Q. Martinet, and J. A. Palacci, “Metamachines of pluripotent colloids,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 12, no. 1. Springer Nature, 2021.","mla":"Aubret, Antoine, et al. “Metamachines of Pluripotent Colloids.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 12, no. 1, 6398, Springer Nature, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6\">10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6</a>.","apa":"Aubret, A., Martinet, Q., &#38; Palacci, J. A. (2021). Metamachines of pluripotent colloids. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6</a>","ista":"Aubret A, Martinet Q, Palacci JA. 2021. Metamachines of pluripotent colloids. Nature Communications. 12(1), 6398.","chicago":"Aubret, Antoine, Quentin Martinet, and Jérémie A Palacci. “Metamachines of Pluripotent Colloids.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"has_accepted_license":"1","doi":"10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"date_updated":"2023-08-14T11:48:37Z","external_id":{"isi":["000714754400010"],"pmid":["34737315"]},"oa":1,"month":"11","article_type":"original","file":[{"file_name":"2021_NatComm_Aubret.pdf","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2021-11-15T13:25:52Z","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"10292","success":1,"file_size":6282703,"date_created":"2021-11-15T13:25:52Z","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"cchlebak","checksum":"1c392b12b9b7b615d422d9fabe19cdb9"}],"_id":"10280","abstract":[{"text":"Machines enabled the Industrial Revolution and are central to modern technological progress: A machine’s parts transmit forces, motion, and energy to one another in a predetermined manner. Today’s engineering frontier, building artificial micromachines that emulate the biological machinery of living organisms, requires faithful assembly and energy consumption at the microscale. Here, we demonstrate the programmable assembly of active particles into autonomous metamachines using optical templates. Metamachines, or machines made of machines, are stable, mobile and autonomous architectures, whose dynamics stems from the geometry. We use the interplay between anisotropic force generation of the active colloids with the control of their orientation by local geometry. This allows autonomous reprogramming of active particles of the metamachines to achieve multiple functions. It permits the modular assembly of metamachines by fusion, reconfiguration of metamachines and, we anticipate, a shift in focus of self-assembly towards active matter and reprogrammable materials.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        12","publication":"Nature Communications","department":[{"_id":"JePa"}],"volume":12,"author":[{"first_name":"Antoine","full_name":"Aubret, Antoine","last_name":"Aubret"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2916-6632","last_name":"Martinet","id":"b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab","first_name":"Quentin","full_name":"Martinet, Quentin"},{"id":"8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d","last_name":"Palacci","first_name":"Jérémie A","full_name":"Palacci, Jérémie A","orcid":"0000-0002-7253-9465"}],"year":"2021","title":"Metamachines of pluripotent colloids","article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa_version":"Published Version","pmid":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","publication_status":"published","acknowledgement":"The authors thank R. Jazzar for useful advice regarding the synthesis of heterodimers. We thank S. Sacanna for critical reading. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1554724 and Department of Army Research under grant W911NF-20-1-0112.","date_created":"2021-11-14T23:01:23Z","status":"public","date_published":"2021-11-04T00:00:00Z","issue":"1","ddc":["530"],"day":"04","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","isi":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]}]