---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '21001'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Copper chalcogenides offer high charge mobility and low lattice thermal conductivity
    but suffer from structural instability due to dynamic Cu+ migration. Here, we
    report a colloidal hot-injection synthesis of ternary cesium copper selenide (CsCu5Se3)
    nanocrystals (NCs), achieving precise control over phase, size, and morphology
    through tailored precursor-ligand modulation. This strategy enabled systematic
    exploration of stable and metastable Cs–Cu–Se phases and mechanistic investigation
    of nucleation and growth, providing insight into phase modulation and dimensional
    control at the nanoscale. CsCu5Se3 NCs exhibit low lattice thermal conductivity
    (∼0.5 Wm–1K–1) and an experimental zT of 0.27 at 718 K. Complementary first-principles
    calculations, consistent with experimental electronic and optical responses, predict
    a zT of 1.05 at 1000 K. These findings elucidate the formation dynamics of CsCu5Se3
    and establish ABZ (A = alkali, B = metal, Z = chalcogen) NCs as tunable platforms
    for advanced functional applications.
acknowledgement: This publication has emanated from research conducted with the financial
  support of Taighde Éireann-Research Ireland under Grant number 22/FFP-P/11591. C.F.
  and M.I. would like to acknowledge the financial support of ISTA and the Werner
  Siemens Foundation. N.N.P. acknowledges the financial support of AMBER under grant
  number 12/rc/2278_p2.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Niraj Nitish
  full_name: Patil, Niraj Nitish
  last_name: Patil
- first_name: Ruiqi
  full_name: Wu, Ruiqi
  last_name: Wu
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Fiedler, Christine
  id: bd3fceba-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c17f71817366
  last_name: Fiedler
- first_name: Nilotpal
  full_name: Kapuria, Nilotpal
  last_name: Kapuria
- first_name: Bingfei
  full_name: Nan, Bingfei
  last_name: 'Nan'
- first_name: Navita
  full_name: Navita, Navita
  id: 6ebe278d-ba0b-11ee-8184-f34cdc671de4
  last_name: Navita
  orcid: 0000-0001-7408-8197
- first_name: Andreu
  full_name: Cabot, Andreu
  last_name: Cabot
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
- first_name: Kevin M.
  full_name: Ryan, Kevin M.
  last_name: Ryan
- first_name: Alex M.
  full_name: Ganose, Alex M.
  last_name: Ganose
- first_name: Shalini
  full_name: Singh, Shalini
  last_name: Singh
citation:
  ama: 'Patil NN, Wu R, Fiedler C, et al. Layered alkali-copper selenides: Deciphering
    thermoelectric properties and reaction pathways for nanostructuring β-CsCu5Se3.
    <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>. 2026;11(1):481-488. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02909">10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02909</a>'
  apa: 'Patil, N. N., Wu, R., Fiedler, C., Kapuria, N., Nan, B., Jakhar, N., … Singh,
    S. (2026). Layered alkali-copper selenides: Deciphering thermoelectric properties
    and reaction pathways for nanostructuring β-CsCu5Se3. <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>.
    American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02909">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02909</a>'
  chicago: 'Patil, Niraj Nitish, Ruiqi Wu, Christine Fiedler, Nilotpal Kapuria, Bingfei
    Nan, Navita Jakhar, Andreu Cabot, et al. “Layered Alkali-Copper Selenides: Deciphering
    Thermoelectric Properties and Reaction Pathways for Nanostructuring β-CsCu5Se3.”
    <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02909">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02909</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. N. Patil <i>et al.</i>, “Layered alkali-copper selenides: Deciphering
    thermoelectric properties and reaction pathways for nanostructuring β-CsCu5Se3,”
    <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>, vol. 11, no. 1. American Chemical Society, pp. 481–488,
    2026.'
  ista: 'Patil NN, Wu R, Fiedler C, Kapuria N, Nan B, Jakhar N, Cabot A, Ibáñez M,
    Ryan KM, Ganose AM, Singh S. 2026. Layered alkali-copper selenides: Deciphering
    thermoelectric properties and reaction pathways for nanostructuring β-CsCu5Se3.
    ACS Energy Letters. 11(1), 481–488.'
  mla: 'Patil, Niraj Nitish, et al. “Layered Alkali-Copper Selenides: Deciphering
    Thermoelectric Properties and Reaction Pathways for Nanostructuring β-CsCu5Se3.”
    <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>, vol. 11, no. 1, American Chemical Society, 2026, pp.
    481–88, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02909">10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02909</a>.'
  short: N.N. Patil, R. Wu, C. Fiedler, N. Kapuria, B. Nan, N. Jakhar, A. Cabot, M.
    Ibáñez, K.M. Ryan, A.M. Ganose, S. Singh, ACS Energy Letters 11 (2026) 481–488.
date_created: 2026-01-18T23:02:43Z
date_published: 2026-01-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-01-19T08:43:21Z
day: '09'
department:
- _id: MaIb
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02909
intvolume: '        11'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 481-488
project:
- _id: 9B8F7476-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  name: 'HighTE: The Werner Siemens Laboratory for the High Throughput Discovery of
    Semiconductors for Waste Heat Recovery'
publication: ACS Energy Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2380-8195
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Layered alkali-copper selenides: Deciphering thermoelectric properties and
  reaction pathways for nanostructuring β-CsCu5Se3'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 11
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '18882'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Ternary liquid-like thermoelectric materials have garnered significant attention
    due to their ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity. Among these, Ag8SnSe6 stands
    out for its exceptionally low sound velocity and thermal conductivity. However,
    the inherent poor electrical conductivity and suboptimal thermoelectric properties
    of Ag8SnSe6 necessitate further improvement. Here, a novel approach is initiated
    to enhance the thermoelectric properties of Ag8SnSe6 by combining low-dimensionalization
    with intrinsic doping. For the first time, this work successfully synthesizes
    single-phase Ag8SnSe6 nanocrystals, ≈10 nm in size, with the correct phase and
    composition using a robust and reliable colloidal method. This approach represents
    a significant improvement over previous reports on this material. Reducing the
    crystal domains of Ag8SnSe6 to the nanoscale induces quantum confinement effects,
    increasing the density of states near the Fermi surface. It also introduces additional
    grain boundaries, which lower the lattice thermal conductivity and simplify structural
    design. Moreover, incorporating small amounts of Sn nanopowder into the Ag8SnSe6
    nanocrystals before consolidation further enhances the thermoelectric performance.
    Sn acts as a donor dopant, increasing the electronic concentration while at the
    same time improving their mobility by reducing interface barriers, thus significantly
    improving the material transport properties. Additionally, the presence of Sn
    leads to the formation of point defects, dislocations, and secondary phases, which
    increase phonon scattering and further reduce the thermal conductivity. Through
    this synergistic optimization, the figure of merit  shows a significant increase
    across a wide temperature range. Overall, a strategy is presented for the controlled
    preparation of Ag8SnSe6 nanocrystals, the decoupling of their electrical and thermal
    transport, and the practical application of this material to thermoelectric single-leg
    modules.
acknowledgement: X.Z. and M.L. contributed equally to this work. This work was supported
  by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2024YFE0105200). Also supported by
  the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number 2023M743151. M.J. acknowledges
  funding from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2023M743221). A.C. thanks
  the support from the projects ENE2016-77798-C4-3-R and NANOGEN (PID2020-116093RB-C43),
  funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”,
  by the “European Union”.
article_number: '2421449'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Xueke
  full_name: Zhao, Xueke
  last_name: Zhao
- first_name: Mengyao
  full_name: Li, Mengyao
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Mochen
  full_name: Jia, Mochen
  last_name: Jia
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Fiedler, Christine
  id: bd3fceba-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c17f71817366
  last_name: Fiedler
- first_name: Bingfei
  full_name: Nan, Bingfei
  last_name: 'Nan'
- first_name: Dongwen
  full_name: Yang, Dongwen
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: Lei
  full_name: Li, Lei
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Zicheng
  full_name: Yuan, Zicheng
  last_name: Yuan
- first_name: Hongzhang
  full_name: Song, Hongzhang
  last_name: Song
- first_name: Yu
  full_name: Liu, Yu
  id: 2A70014E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Liu
  orcid: 0000-0001-7313-6740
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
- first_name: Ziyu
  full_name: Wang, Ziyu
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Chongxin
  full_name: Shan, Chongxin
  last_name: Shan
- first_name: Andreu
  full_name: Cabot, Andreu
  last_name: Cabot
citation:
  ama: Zhao X, Li M, Jia M, et al. Low-dimensional structure modulation in Ag8SnSe6
    for enhanced thermoelectric performance. <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>.
    2025;35(24). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421449">10.1002/adfm.202421449</a>
  apa: Zhao, X., Li, M., Jia, M., Fiedler, C., Nan, B., Yang, D., … Cabot, A. (2025).
    Low-dimensional structure modulation in Ag8SnSe6 for enhanced thermoelectric performance.
    <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421449">https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421449</a>
  chicago: Zhao, Xueke, Mengyao Li, Mochen Jia, Christine Fiedler, Bingfei Nan, Dongwen
    Yang, Lei Li, et al. “Low-Dimensional Structure Modulation in Ag8SnSe6 for Enhanced
    Thermoelectric Performance.” <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>. Wiley, 2025.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421449">https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421449</a>.
  ieee: X. Zhao <i>et al.</i>, “Low-dimensional structure modulation in Ag8SnSe6 for
    enhanced thermoelectric performance,” <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>, vol.
    35, no. 24. Wiley, 2025.
  ista: Zhao X, Li M, Jia M, Fiedler C, Nan B, Yang D, Li L, Yuan Z, Song H, Liu Y,
    Ibáñez M, Wang Z, Shan C, Cabot A. 2025. Low-dimensional structure modulation
    in Ag8SnSe6 for enhanced thermoelectric performance. Advanced Functional Materials.
    35(24), 2421449.
  mla: Zhao, Xueke, et al. “Low-Dimensional Structure Modulation in Ag8SnSe6 for Enhanced
    Thermoelectric Performance.” <i>Advanced Functional Materials</i>, vol. 35, no.
    24, 2421449, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421449">10.1002/adfm.202421449</a>.
  short: X. Zhao, M. Li, M. Jia, C. Fiedler, B. Nan, D. Yang, L. Li, Z. Yuan, H. Song,
    Y. Liu, M. Ibáñez, Z. Wang, C. Shan, A. Cabot, Advanced Functional Materials 35
    (2025).
date_created: 2025-01-26T23:01:50Z
date_published: 2025-06-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-12-30T07:17:39Z
day: '19'
department:
- _id: MaIb
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.1002/adfm.202421449
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001398067000001'
intvolume: '        35'
isi: 1
issue: '24'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
publication: Advanced Functional Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1616-3028
  issn:
  - 1616-301X
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Low-dimensional structure modulation in Ag8SnSe6 for enhanced thermoelectric
  performance
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 35
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '19037'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present a novel, portable sensor platform that enables concurrent monitoring
    of surface mass and charge density variations at thin biointerfaces. This platform
    combines a coplanar-gated field-effect transistor (FET) architecture with grating-coupled
    surface plasmon resonance (SPR), yielding an integrated disposable sensor chip
    prepared by nanoimprint and maskless photolithography techniques. The sensor chip
    design is suitable for scalable production and relies on reduced graphene oxide
    (rGO), serving as the FET’s semiconductor material for the electronic readout,
    and a metallic gate electrode surface that is corrugated with a multi-diffractive
    structure for optical probing with resonantly excited surface plasmons. Together
    with its integration in a compact instrumentation this results in a form factor
    optimized solution for dual-mode investigations without compromising the optical
    or electronic sensor performance. A poly-L-lysine (PLL) – based thin linker layer
    was deployed at the sensor surface to covalently attach azide-conjugated biomolecules
    by using incorporated “clickable” dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) moieties. Interestingly,
    the dual-mode measurements allow elucidating the role of the globular nature of
    the PLL chains when increasing the density of DBCO attached to their backbone,
    leading to PLL folding and internalization of DBCO moieties, and thus reducing
    the coupling yield for the used DNA oligomers. We envision that this platform
    can be employed to studying a range of other biointerface architectures and biomolecular
    interaction phenomena, which are inherently tied to mass and charge density variations.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
acknowledgement: We thank the Electron Microscopy Facility at ISTA for their support
  with sputter coating the FO probes and NOSI GmbH for their support with 3D printing.
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Roger
  full_name: Hasler, Roger
  last_name: Hasler
- first_name: Pietro A.
  full_name: Livio, Pietro A.
  last_name: Livio
- first_name: Anil
  full_name: Bozdogan, Anil
  last_name: Bozdogan
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Fossati, Stefan
  last_name: Fossati
- first_name: Simone
  full_name: Hageneder, Simone
  last_name: Hageneder
- first_name: Verónica
  full_name: Montes-García, Verónica
  last_name: Montes-García
- first_name: Jacopo
  full_name: Movilli, Jacopo
  last_name: Movilli
- first_name: Taghi
  full_name: Moazzenzade, Taghi
  last_name: Moazzenzade
- first_name: Luna
  full_name: Loohuis, Luna
  last_name: Loohuis
- first_name: Ciril
  full_name: Reiner-Rozman, Ciril
  last_name: Reiner-Rozman
- first_name: Adrián
  full_name: Tamayo, Adrián
  last_name: Tamayo
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Fiedler, Christine
  id: bd3fceba-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c17f71817366
  last_name: Fiedler
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Kleber, Christoph
  last_name: Kleber
- first_name: Jurriaan
  full_name: Huskens, Jurriaan
  last_name: Huskens
- first_name: Jakub
  full_name: Dostalek, Jakub
  last_name: Dostalek
- first_name: Paolo
  full_name: Samorì, Paolo
  last_name: Samorì
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Knoll, Wolfgang
  last_name: Knoll
citation:
  ama: Hasler R, Livio PA, Bozdogan A, et al. Dual electronic and optical monitoring
    of biointerfaces by a grating-structured coplanar-gated field-effect transistor.
    <i>IEEE Sensors Journal</i>. 2025;25(7):10521-10529. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2025.3533113">10.1109/jsen.2025.3533113</a>
  apa: Hasler, R., Livio, P. A., Bozdogan, A., Fossati, S., Hageneder, S., Montes-García,
    V., … Knoll, W. (2025). Dual electronic and optical monitoring of biointerfaces
    by a grating-structured coplanar-gated field-effect transistor. <i>IEEE Sensors
    Journal</i>. IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2025.3533113">https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2025.3533113</a>
  chicago: Hasler, Roger, Pietro A. Livio, Anil Bozdogan, Stefan Fossati, Simone Hageneder,
    Verónica Montes-García, Jacopo Movilli, et al. “Dual Electronic and Optical Monitoring
    of Biointerfaces by a Grating-Structured Coplanar-Gated Field-Effect Transistor.”
    <i>IEEE Sensors Journal</i>. IEEE, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2025.3533113">https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2025.3533113</a>.
  ieee: R. Hasler <i>et al.</i>, “Dual electronic and optical monitoring of biointerfaces
    by a grating-structured coplanar-gated field-effect transistor,” <i>IEEE Sensors
    Journal</i>, vol. 25, no. 7. IEEE, pp. 10521–10529, 2025.
  ista: Hasler R, Livio PA, Bozdogan A, Fossati S, Hageneder S, Montes-García V, Movilli
    J, Moazzenzade T, Loohuis L, Reiner-Rozman C, Tamayo A, Fiedler C, Ibáñez M, Kleber
    C, Huskens J, Dostalek J, Samorì P, Knoll W. 2025. Dual electronic and optical
    monitoring of biointerfaces by a grating-structured coplanar-gated field-effect
    transistor. IEEE Sensors Journal. 25(7), 10521–10529.
  mla: Hasler, Roger, et al. “Dual Electronic and Optical Monitoring of Biointerfaces
    by a Grating-Structured Coplanar-Gated Field-Effect Transistor.” <i>IEEE Sensors
    Journal</i>, vol. 25, no. 7, IEEE, 2025, pp. 10521–29, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2025.3533113">10.1109/jsen.2025.3533113</a>.
  short: R. Hasler, P.A. Livio, A. Bozdogan, S. Fossati, S. Hageneder, V. Montes-García,
    J. Movilli, T. Moazzenzade, L. Loohuis, C. Reiner-Rozman, A. Tamayo, C. Fiedler,
    M. Ibáñez, C. Kleber, J. Huskens, J. Dostalek, P. Samorì, W. Knoll, IEEE Sensors
    Journal 25 (2025) 10521–10529.
date_created: 2025-02-17T09:22:26Z
date_published: 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T11:50:01Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1109/jsen.2025.3533113
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001457747000001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 9cdd4017025a3add6198ed84798319e8
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-12-30T07:59:13Z
  date_updated: 2025-12-30T07:59:13Z
  file_id: '20887'
  file_name: 2025_IEEESensor_Hasler.pdf
  file_size: 2214584
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-12-30T07:59:13Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        25'
isi: 1
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 10521-10529
publication: IEEE Sensors Journal
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1558-1748
  issn:
  - 1530-437X
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Dual electronic and optical monitoring of biointerfaces by a grating-structured
  coplanar-gated field-effect transistor
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 25
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '19731'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "In an era of high-resolution displays, powerful design software, and automated
    plotting tools, one would think that scientific figures would be clearer than
    ever. Yet, despite numerous editorials, guidelines, and workshops dedicated to
    improving figure design, poorly constructed figures remain a persistent issue.
    Editors and experienced researchers have repeatedly highlighted key pitfalls such
    as cluttered layouts, inconsistent formatting, poor color choices, and misleading
    visuals. (1−8) Yet, the aforementioned graphical shortcomings continue to plague
    even high-impact journals. Why? The problem is not a lack of technology; it is
    a combination of poor design habits, rushed deadlines, and a tendency to treat
    figures as mere “data dumps” rather than as essential storytelling tools.\r\nMany
    people process information more effectively through visuals, naturally associating
    concepts easily when presented graphically. A well-crafted figure serves as a
    narrative within the larger story, making complex ideas more accessible. Unfortunately,
    visual storytelling often takes a backseat in scientific communication. Scientists
    are trained to analyze and interpret data, but many default to software-generated
    plots without considering accessibility or how their figures will be perceived
    by readers outside their immediate field. Without thoughtful design, figures lose
    their power to enhance understanding, ultimately limiting the significance of
    the research itself.\r\nIn this editorial, we examine the challenges that, in
    our view, hamper scientific figure design and discuss how thoughtful refinements
    driven by feedback, iteration, and design principles can enhance clarity and impact
    visual communication."
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: editorial
author:
- first_name: Aiswarya
  full_name: Rayaroth Puthiyaveettil, Aiswarya
  id: 8aceb01b-8972-11ed-ae7b-d5fe53775add
  last_name: Rayaroth Puthiyaveettil
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Fiedler, Christine
  id: bd3fceba-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c17f71817366
  last_name: Fiedler
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
citation:
  ama: 'Rayaroth Puthiyaveettil A, Fiedler C, Ibáñez M. Let us FIGURE it out: Why
    do scientists still make “bad” figures? <i>ACS Materials Au</i>. 2025;5(3):438-440.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00037">10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00037</a>'
  apa: 'Rayaroth Puthiyaveettil, A., Fiedler, C., &#38; Ibáñez, M. (2025). Let us
    FIGURE it out: Why do scientists still make “bad” figures? <i>ACS Materials Au</i>.
    American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00037">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00037</a>'
  chicago: 'Rayaroth Puthiyaveettil, Aiswarya, Christine Fiedler, and Maria Ibáñez.
    “Let Us FIGURE It out: Why Do Scientists Still Make ‘Bad’ Figures?” <i>ACS Materials
    Au</i>. American Chemical Society, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00037">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00037</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Rayaroth Puthiyaveettil, C. Fiedler, and M. Ibáñez, “Let us FIGURE it
    out: Why do scientists still make ‘bad’ figures?,” <i>ACS Materials Au</i>, vol.
    5, no. 3. American Chemical Society, pp. 438–440, 2025.'
  ista: 'Rayaroth Puthiyaveettil A, Fiedler C, Ibáñez M. 2025. Let us FIGURE it out:
    Why do scientists still make “bad” figures? ACS Materials Au. 5(3), 438–440.'
  mla: 'Rayaroth Puthiyaveettil, Aiswarya, et al. “Let Us FIGURE It out: Why Do Scientists
    Still Make ‘Bad’ Figures?” <i>ACS Materials Au</i>, vol. 5, no. 3, American Chemical
    Society, 2025, pp. 438–40, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00037">10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00037</a>.'
  short: A. Rayaroth Puthiyaveettil, C. Fiedler, M. Ibáñez, ACS Materials Au 5 (2025)
    438–440.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-05-25T22:16:51Z
date_published: 2025-05-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-06-11T13:23:01Z
day: '14'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00037
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '40385955'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: a3aa15e4022fa359d6ba5afb96268841
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-05-28T08:48:38Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-28T08:48:38Z
  file_id: '19753'
  file_name: 2025_ACSMaterialsAu_Rayaroth.pdf
  file_size: 1750018
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-05-28T08:48:38Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         5'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 438-440
pmid: 1
publication: ACS Materials Au
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2694-2461
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Let us FIGURE it out: Why do scientists still make “bad” figures?'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 5
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '15182'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Thermoelectric materials convert heat into electricity, with a broad range
    of applications near room temperature (RT). However, the library of RT high-performance
    materials is limited. Traditional high-temperature synthetic methods constrain
    the range of materials achievable, hindering the ability to surpass crystal structure
    limitations and engineer defects. Here, a solution-based synthetic approach is
    introduced, enabling RT synthesis of powders and exploration of densification
    at lower temperatures to influence the material's microstructure. The approach
    is exemplified by Ag2Se, an n-type alternative to bismuth telluride. It is demonstrated
    that the concentration of Ag interstitials, grain boundaries, and dislocations
    are directly correlated to the sintering temperature, and achieve a figure of
    merit of 1.1 from RT to 100 °C after optimization. Moreover, insights into and
    resolve Ag2Se's challenges are provided, including stoichiometry issues leading
    to irreproducible performances. This work highlights the potential of RT solution
    synthesis in expanding the repertoire of high-performance thermoelectric materials
    for practical applications.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of
  ISTA through resources provided by the Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF), the Lab
  Support Facility (LSF), and the Nanofabrication Facility (NNF). This work was financially
  supported by ISTA and the Werner Siemens Foundation. The USTEM Service Unit of the
  Technical University of Vienna is acknowledged for EBSD sample preparation and analysis.
  R.L.B. acknowledges the National Science Foundation for funding the mass spectrometry
  analysis under award DMR 1904719. J.L. is a Serra Húnter Fellow and is grateful
  to the ICREA Academia program and projects MICINN/FEDER PID2021-124572OB-C31 and
  GC 2021 SGR 01061.
article_number: '2400408'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Kleinhanns, Tobias
  id: 8BD9DE16-AB3C-11E9-9C8C-2A03E6697425
  last_name: Kleinhanns
- first_name: Francesco
  full_name: Milillo, Francesco
  id: 38b830db-ea88-11ee-bf9b-929beaf79054
  last_name: Milillo
- first_name: Mariano
  full_name: Calcabrini, Mariano
  id: 45D7531A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Calcabrini
  orcid: 0000-0003-4566-5877
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Fiedler, Christine
  id: bd3fceba-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c17f71817366
  last_name: Fiedler
- first_name: Sharona
  full_name: Horta, Sharona
  id: 03a7e858-01b1-11ec-8b71-99ae6c4a05bc
  last_name: Horta
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Balazs, Daniel
  id: 302BADF6-85FC-11EA-9E3B-B9493DDC885E
  last_name: Balazs
  orcid: 0000-0001-7597-043X
- first_name: Marissa J.
  full_name: Strumolo, Marissa J.
  last_name: Strumolo
- first_name: Roger
  full_name: Hasler, Roger
  last_name: Hasler
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Llorca, Jordi
  last_name: Llorca
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Tkadletz, Michael
  last_name: Tkadletz
- first_name: Richard L.
  full_name: Brutchey, Richard L.
  last_name: Brutchey
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
citation:
  ama: 'Kleinhanns T, Milillo F, Calcabrini M, et al. A route to high thermoelectric
    performance: Solution‐based control of microstructure and composition in Ag2Se.
    <i>Advanced Energy Materials</i>. 2024;14(22). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400408">10.1002/aenm.202400408</a>'
  apa: 'Kleinhanns, T., Milillo, F., Calcabrini, M., Fiedler, C., Horta, S., Balazs,
    D., … Ibáñez, M. (2024). A route to high thermoelectric performance: Solution‐based
    control of microstructure and composition in Ag2Se. <i>Advanced Energy Materials</i>.
    Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400408">https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400408</a>'
  chicago: 'Kleinhanns, Tobias, Francesco Milillo, Mariano Calcabrini, Christine Fiedler,
    Sharona Horta, Daniel Balazs, Marissa J. Strumolo, et al. “A Route to High Thermoelectric
    Performance: Solution‐based Control of Microstructure and Composition in Ag2Se.”
    <i>Advanced Energy Materials</i>. Wiley, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400408">https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400408</a>.'
  ieee: 'T. Kleinhanns <i>et al.</i>, “A route to high thermoelectric performance:
    Solution‐based control of microstructure and composition in Ag2Se,” <i>Advanced
    Energy Materials</i>, vol. 14, no. 22. Wiley, 2024.'
  ista: 'Kleinhanns T, Milillo F, Calcabrini M, Fiedler C, Horta S, Balazs D, Strumolo
    MJ, Hasler R, Llorca J, Tkadletz M, Brutchey RL, Ibáñez M. 2024. A route to high
    thermoelectric performance: Solution‐based control of microstructure and composition
    in Ag2Se. Advanced Energy Materials. 14(22), 2400408.'
  mla: 'Kleinhanns, Tobias, et al. “A Route to High Thermoelectric Performance: Solution‐based
    Control of Microstructure and Composition in Ag2Se.” <i>Advanced Energy Materials</i>,
    vol. 14, no. 22, 2400408, Wiley, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400408">10.1002/aenm.202400408</a>.'
  short: T. Kleinhanns, F. Milillo, M. Calcabrini, C. Fiedler, S. Horta, D. Balazs,
    M.J. Strumolo, R. Hasler, J. Llorca, M. Tkadletz, R.L. Brutchey, M. Ibáñez, Advanced
    Energy Materials 14 (2024).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-03-25T08:57:40Z
date_published: 2024-06-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-04T13:14:27Z
day: '12'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: MaIb
- _id: LifeSc
doi: 10.1002/aenm.202400408
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001184300200001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 86b26430e00d5f43ea19e9b610692ab7
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2024-07-22T12:07:56Z
  date_updated: 2024-07-22T12:07:56Z
  file_id: '17314'
  file_name: 2024_AdvancedEnergyMaterials_Kleinhanns.pdf
  file_size: 8824301
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-07-22T12:07:56Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        14'
isi: 1
issue: '22'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 9B8F7476-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  name: 'HighTE: The Werner Siemens Laboratory for the High Throughput Discovery of
    Semiconductors for Waste Heat Recovery'
publication: Advanced Energy Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1614-6840
  issn:
  - 1614-6832
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'A route to high thermoelectric performance: Solution‐based control of microstructure
  and composition in Ag2Se'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 14
year: '2024'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '17052'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Production of thermoelectric materials from solution-processed particles involves
    the synthesis of particles, their purification and densification into pelletized
    material. Chemical changes that occur during each one of these steps render them
    performance determining. Particularly the purification steps, bypassed in conventional
    solid-state synthesis, are the cause for large discrepancies among similar solution-processed
    materials. In present work, the investigation focuses on a water-based surfactant
    free solution synthesis of SnSe, a highly relevant thermoelectric material. We
    show and rationalize that the number of leaching steps, purification solvent,
    annealing, and annealing atmosphere have significant influence on the Sn : Se
    ratio and impurity content in the powder. Such compositional changes that are
    undetectable by conventional characterization techniques lead to distinct consolidated
    materials with different types and concentration of defects. Additionally, the
    profound effect on their transport properties is demonstrated. We emphasize that
    understanding the chemistry and identifying key chemical species and their role
    throughout the process is paramount for optimizing material performance. Furthermore,
    we aim to demonstrate the necessity of comprehensive reporting of these steps
    as a standard practice to ensure material reproducibility.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: NMR
- _id: LifeSc
acknowledgement: ISTA and the Werner Siemens Foundation financially supported this
  work. The Scientific Service Units (SSU) of ISTA supported this research through
  resources provided by the Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF), NMR Facility and the
  Lab Support Facility (LSF). Dr. Krishnendu Maji at ISTA aided in this work through
  XRD analysis of the crystal phase of SnSe. Y.L. acknowledges funding from the European
  Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie
  grant agreement No. 754411, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
  (Grants No. 22209034). M.C. received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
  research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement
  No. 665385.
article_number: e202402628
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Fiedler, Christine
  id: bd3fceba-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c17f71817366
  last_name: Fiedler
- first_name: Mariano
  full_name: Calcabrini, Mariano
  id: 45D7531A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Calcabrini
  orcid: 0000-0003-4566-5877
- first_name: Yu
  full_name: Liu, Yu
  id: 2A70014E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Liu
  orcid: 0000-0001-7313-6740
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
citation:
  ama: Fiedler C, Calcabrini M, Liu Y, Ibáñez M. Unveiling crucial chemical processing
    parameters influencing the performance of solution-processed inorganic thermoelectric
    materials. <i>Angewandte Chemie - International Edition</i>. 2024;63(25). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202402628">10.1002/anie.202402628</a>
  apa: Fiedler, C., Calcabrini, M., Liu, Y., &#38; Ibáñez, M. (2024). Unveiling crucial
    chemical processing parameters influencing the performance of solution-processed
    inorganic thermoelectric materials. <i>Angewandte Chemie - International Edition</i>.
    Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202402628">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202402628</a>
  chicago: Fiedler, Christine, Mariano Calcabrini, Yu Liu, and Maria Ibáñez. “Unveiling
    Crucial Chemical Processing Parameters Influencing the Performance of Solution-Processed
    Inorganic Thermoelectric Materials.” <i>Angewandte Chemie - International Edition</i>.
    Wiley, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202402628">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202402628</a>.
  ieee: C. Fiedler, M. Calcabrini, Y. Liu, and M. Ibáñez, “Unveiling crucial chemical
    processing parameters influencing the performance of solution-processed inorganic
    thermoelectric materials,” <i>Angewandte Chemie - International Edition</i>, vol.
    63, no. 25. Wiley, 2024.
  ista: Fiedler C, Calcabrini M, Liu Y, Ibáñez M. 2024. Unveiling crucial chemical
    processing parameters influencing the performance of solution-processed inorganic
    thermoelectric materials. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition. 63(25), e202402628.
  mla: Fiedler, Christine, et al. “Unveiling Crucial Chemical Processing Parameters
    Influencing the Performance of Solution-Processed Inorganic Thermoelectric Materials.”
    <i>Angewandte Chemie - International Edition</i>, vol. 63, no. 25, e202402628,
    Wiley, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202402628">10.1002/anie.202402628</a>.
  short: C. Fiedler, M. Calcabrini, Y. Liu, M. Ibáñez, Angewandte Chemie - International
    Edition 63 (2024).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-05-26T22:00:58Z
date_published: 2024-06-17T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-08T07:36:36Z
day: '17'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1002/anie.202402628
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001223768400001'
  pmid:
  - '38623865'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 1572a0f4d2df55751761efeb2d11c7fc
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-01-09T09:12:07Z
  date_updated: 2025-01-09T09:12:07Z
  file_id: '18797'
  file_name: 2024_AngewChemieIntern_Fiedler.pdf
  file_size: 16347226
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-01-09T09:12:07Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        63'
isi: 1
issue: '25'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '665385'
  name: International IST Doctoral Program
- _id: 9B8F7476-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  name: 'HighTE: The Werner Siemens Laboratory for the High Throughput Discovery of
    Semiconductors for Waste Heat Recovery'
publication: Angewandte Chemie - International Edition
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1521-3773
  issn:
  - 1433-7851
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Unveiling crucial chemical processing parameters influencing the performance
  of solution-processed inorganic thermoelectric materials
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 63
year: '2024'
...
---
APC_amount: 4394,84 EUR
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '17124'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'In recent years, solution processes have gained considerable traction as
    a cost-effective and scalable method to produce high-performance thermoelectric
    materials. The process entails a series of critical steps: synthesis, purification,
    thermal treatments, and consolidation, each playing a pivotal role in determining
    performance, stability, and reproducibility. We have noticed a need for more comprehensive
    details for each of the described steps in most published works. Recognizing the
    significance of detailed synthetic protocols, we describe here the approach used
    to synthesize and characterize one of the highest-performing polycrystalline p-type
    SnSe. In particular, we report the synthesis of SnSe particles in water and the
    subsequent surface treatment with CdSe molecular complexes that yields CdSe-SnSe
    nanocomposites upon consolidation. Moreover, the surface treatment inhibits grain
    growth through Zenner pinning of secondary phase CdSe nanoparticles and enhances
    defect formation at different length scales. The enhanced complexity in the CdSe-SnSe
    nanocomposite microstructure with respect to SnSe promotes phonon scattering and
    thereby significantly reduces the thermal conductivity. Such surface engineering
    provides opportunities in solution processing for introducing and controlling
    defects, making it possible to optimize the transport properties and attain a
    high thermoelectric figure of merit.'
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: LifeSc
acknowledgement: The Scientific Service Units (SSU) of ISTA supported this research
  through resources provided by the Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF) and the Lab
  Support Facility (LSF). This work was financially supported by the Institute of
  Science and Technology Austria and the Werner Siemens Foundation.
article_number: e66278
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Fiedler, Christine
  id: bd3fceba-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c17f71817366
  last_name: Fiedler
- first_name: Yu
  full_name: Liu, Yu
  id: 2A70014E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Liu
  orcid: 0000-0001-7313-6740
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
citation:
  ama: Fiedler C, Liu Y, Ibáñez M. Solution-processed, surface-engineered, polycrystalline
    CdSe-SnSe exhibiting low thermal conductivity. <i>Journal of Visualized Experiments</i>.
    2024;2024(207). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3791/66278">10.3791/66278</a>
  apa: Fiedler, C., Liu, Y., &#38; Ibáñez, M. (2024). Solution-processed, surface-engineered,
    polycrystalline CdSe-SnSe exhibiting low thermal conductivity. <i>Journal of Visualized
    Experiments</i>. MyJove Corporation. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3791/66278">https://doi.org/10.3791/66278</a>
  chicago: Fiedler, Christine, Yu Liu, and Maria Ibáñez. “Solution-Processed, Surface-Engineered,
    Polycrystalline CdSe-SnSe Exhibiting Low Thermal Conductivity.” <i>Journal of
    Visualized Experiments</i>. MyJove Corporation, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3791/66278">https://doi.org/10.3791/66278</a>.
  ieee: C. Fiedler, Y. Liu, and M. Ibáñez, “Solution-processed, surface-engineered,
    polycrystalline CdSe-SnSe exhibiting low thermal conductivity,” <i>Journal of
    Visualized Experiments</i>, vol. 2024, no. 207. MyJove Corporation, 2024.
  ista: Fiedler C, Liu Y, Ibáñez M. 2024. Solution-processed, surface-engineered,
    polycrystalline CdSe-SnSe exhibiting low thermal conductivity. Journal of Visualized
    Experiments. 2024(207), e66278.
  mla: Fiedler, Christine, et al. “Solution-Processed, Surface-Engineered, Polycrystalline
    CdSe-SnSe Exhibiting Low Thermal Conductivity.” <i>Journal of Visualized Experiments</i>,
    vol. 2024, no. 207, e66278, MyJove Corporation, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3791/66278">10.3791/66278</a>.
  short: C. Fiedler, Y. Liu, M. Ibáñez, Journal of Visualized Experiments 2024 (2024).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-06-09T22:01:02Z
date_published: 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-08T07:51:46Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.3791/66278
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001281657200005'
  pmid:
  - '38829127'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: ddb41f1ce2333484ab5cd109ac2941c0
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-02-17T15:08:55Z
  date_updated: 2025-02-17T15:08:55Z
  file_id: '19047'
  file_name: 2024_JoVE_Fiedler.pdf
  file_size: 1371995
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-02-17T15:08:55Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '      2024'
isi: 1
issue: '207'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 9B8F7476-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  name: 'HighTE: The Werner Siemens Laboratory for the High Throughput Discovery of
    Semiconductors for Waste Heat Recovery'
publication: Journal of Visualized Experiments
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1940-087X
publication_status: published
publisher: MyJove Corporation
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Solution-processed, surface-engineered, polycrystalline CdSe-SnSe exhibiting
  low thermal conductivity
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-ND
    3.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (3.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 2024
year: '2024'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '15357'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'There is a growing interest in cost-effective polycrystalline SnSe-based
    thermoelectric (TE) materials, which are able to replace the high performance
    but mechanically fragile and costly single-crystalline SnSe. In this study, we
    present a low-temperature solution-based approach to produce SnSe-PbSe nanocomposites
    with outstanding TE performance. Our method involves combining surfactant-free
    SnSe particles with oleate-capped PbSe nanocrystals in specific ratios, followed
    by thermal annealing and consolidation using spark plasma sintering. These nanocomposites
    are characterized by distinct compositional and structural properties that significantly
    impact their transport properties. In particular, the addition of oleate-capped
    PbSe nanocrystals results in: i) a reduction in the electrostatically adsorbed
    Na at the surface of the SnSe particles; ii) a reduction of Sn vacancies due to
    alloying with Pb; iii) an increase in grain boundary density; and iv) the formation
    of PbSnSe secondary phases. Notably, the SnSe-2.5 %PbSe nanocomposites demonstrate
    a 30 % decrease in thermal conductivity compared to that of the SnSe matrix. This
    reduction contributes to a maximum figure of merit (zT) of 1.75 at 788 K with
    a high average zT value of ca. 1.2 in the medium temperature range of 573–773
    K. These values represent one of the highest reported in polycrystalline SnSe
    materials, showcasing the potential of our fabricated SnSe-PbSe nanocomposites
    for cost-effective TE applications.'
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: NMR
- _id: LifeSc
acknowledgement: 'The Scientific Service Units (SSU) of ISTA supported this research
  through resources provided by the Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF), NMR Facility,
  and the Lab Support Facility (LSF). Y.L., S.L., C.F., C.C. and M.I. acknowledge
  financial support from ISTA and the Werner Siemens Foundation. Y.L. acknowledges
  funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grants No.
  22209034), the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Overseas Returnees in
  Anhui Province (Grant No. 2022LCX002). C.C. acknowledges funding from the National
  Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grants No. 12374023). ICN2 acknowledges
  funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. The authors thank support from
  the project NANOGEN(PID2020-116093RB-C43), funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033/
  and by “ERDF Away of making Europe”, by the “European Union”. ICN2 is supported
  by the Severo Ochoaprogram from Spanish MCIN / AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S)
  and is funded by the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is founding
  member of e-DREAM [70].'
article_number: '151405'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Yu
  full_name: Liu, Yu
  id: 2A70014E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Liu
  orcid: 0000-0001-7313-6740
- first_name: Seungho
  full_name: Lee, Seungho
  id: BB243B88-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Lee
  orcid: 0000-0002-6962-8598
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Fiedler, Christine
  id: bd3fceba-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c17f71817366
  last_name: Fiedler
- first_name: Maria Chiara
  full_name: ' Spadaro, Maria Chiara'
  last_name: ' Spadaro'
- first_name: Cheng
  full_name: Chang, Cheng
  id: 9E331C2E-9F27-11E9-AE48-5033E6697425
  last_name: Chang
  orcid: 0000-0002-9515-4277
- first_name: Mingquan
  full_name: Li, Mingquan
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Min
  full_name: Hong, Min
  last_name: Hong
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
citation:
  ama: Liu Y, Lee S, Fiedler C, et al. Enhancing thermoelectric performance of solutionpProcessed
    polycrystalline SnSe with PbSe nanocrystals. <i>Chemical Engineering Journal</i>.
    2024;490. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.151405">10.1016/j.cej.2024.151405</a>
  apa: Liu, Y., Lee, S., Fiedler, C.,  Spadaro, M. C., Chang, C., Li, M., … Ibáñez,
    M. (2024). Enhancing thermoelectric performance of solutionpProcessed polycrystalline
    SnSe with PbSe nanocrystals. <i>Chemical Engineering Journal</i>. Elsevier. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.151405">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.151405</a>
  chicago: Liu, Yu, Seungho Lee, Christine Fiedler, Maria Chiara  Spadaro, Cheng Chang,
    Mingquan Li, Min Hong, Jordi Arbiol, and Maria Ibáñez. “Enhancing Thermoelectric
    Performance of SolutionpProcessed Polycrystalline SnSe with PbSe Nanocrystals.”
    <i>Chemical Engineering Journal</i>. Elsevier, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.151405">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.151405</a>.
  ieee: Y. Liu <i>et al.</i>, “Enhancing thermoelectric performance of solutionpProcessed
    polycrystalline SnSe with PbSe nanocrystals,” <i>Chemical Engineering Journal</i>,
    vol. 490. Elsevier, 2024.
  ista: Liu Y, Lee S, Fiedler C,  Spadaro MC, Chang C, Li M, Hong M, Arbiol J, Ibáñez
    M. 2024. Enhancing thermoelectric performance of solutionpProcessed polycrystalline
    SnSe with PbSe nanocrystals. Chemical Engineering Journal. 490, 151405.
  mla: Liu, Yu, et al. “Enhancing Thermoelectric Performance of SolutionpProcessed
    Polycrystalline SnSe with PbSe Nanocrystals.” <i>Chemical Engineering Journal</i>,
    vol. 490, 151405, Elsevier, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.151405">10.1016/j.cej.2024.151405</a>.
  short: Y. Liu, S. Lee, C. Fiedler, M.C.  Spadaro, C. Chang, M. Li, M. Hong, J. Arbiol,
    M. Ibáñez, Chemical Engineering Journal 490 (2024).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-05-05T22:01:03Z
date_published: 2024-06-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-07T11:52:31Z
day: '15'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.151405
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001234835500001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 6609232a208b9a89d055a270ef0af1fe
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-01-09T09:24:29Z
  date_updated: 2025-01-09T09:24:29Z
  file_id: '18800'
  file_name: 2024_ChemEngineeringJour_Liu.pdf
  file_size: 12233704
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-01-09T09:24:29Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       490'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 9B8F7476-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  name: 'HighTE: The Werner Siemens Laboratory for the High Throughput Discovery of
    Semiconductors for Waste Heat Recovery'
publication: Chemical Engineering Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1385-8947
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '20415'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Enhancing thermoelectric performance of solutionpProcessed polycrystalline
  SnSe with PbSe nanocrystals
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 490
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '12237'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Thermoelectric technology requires synthesizing complex materials where not
    only the crystal structure but also other structural features such as defects,
    grain size and orientation, and interfaces must be controlled. To date, conventional
    solid-state techniques are unable to provide this level of control. Herein, we
    present a synthetic approach in which dense inorganic thermoelectric materials
    are produced by the consolidation of well-defined nanoparticle powders. The idea
    is that controlling the characteristics of the powder allows the chemical transformations
    that take place during consolidation to be guided, ultimately yielding inorganic
    solids with targeted features. Different from conventional methods, syntheses
    in solution can produce particles with unprecedented control over their size,
    shape, crystal structure, composition, and surface chemistry. However, to date,
    most works have focused only on the low-cost benefits of this strategy. In this
    perspective, we first cover the opportunities that solution processing of the
    powder offers, emphasizing the potential structural features that can be controlled
    by precisely engineering the inorganic core of the particle, the surface, and
    the organization of the particles before consolidation. We then discuss the challenges
    of this synthetic approach and more practical matters related to solution processing.
    Finally, we suggest some good practices for adequate knowledge transfer and improving
    reproducibility among different laboratories.
acknowledgement: This work was financially supported by ISTA and the Werner Siemens
  Foundation. M.C. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
  and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no. 665385.
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Fiedler, Christine
  id: bd3fceba-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c17f71817366
  last_name: Fiedler
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Kleinhanns, Tobias
  id: 8BD9DE16-AB3C-11E9-9C8C-2A03E6697425
  last_name: Kleinhanns
  orcid: 0000-0003-1537-7436
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Garcia, Maria
  id: 6e5c50b8-97dc-11ed-be98-b0a74c84cae0
  last_name: Garcia
- first_name: Seungho
  full_name: Lee, Seungho
  id: BB243B88-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Lee
  orcid: 0000-0002-6962-8598
- first_name: Mariano
  full_name: Calcabrini, Mariano
  id: 45D7531A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Calcabrini
  orcid: 0000-0003-4566-5877
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
citation:
  ama: 'Fiedler C, Kleinhanns T, Garcia M, Lee S, Calcabrini M, Ibáñez M. Solution-processed
    inorganic thermoelectric materials: Opportunities and challenges ∇. <i>Chemistry
    of Materials</i>. 2022;34(19):8471-8489. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967">10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967</a>'
  apa: 'Fiedler, C., Kleinhanns, T., Garcia, M., Lee, S., Calcabrini, M., &#38; Ibáñez,
    M. (2022). Solution-processed inorganic thermoelectric materials: Opportunities
    and challenges ∇. <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>. American Chemical Society. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967</a>'
  chicago: 'Fiedler, Christine, Tobias Kleinhanns, Maria Garcia, Seungho Lee, Mariano
    Calcabrini, and Maria Ibáñez. “Solution-Processed Inorganic Thermoelectric Materials:
    Opportunities and Challenges ∇.” <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>. American Chemical
    Society, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967</a>.'
  ieee: 'C. Fiedler, T. Kleinhanns, M. Garcia, S. Lee, M. Calcabrini, and M. Ibáñez,
    “Solution-processed inorganic thermoelectric materials: Opportunities and challenges
    ∇,” <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>, vol. 34, no. 19. American Chemical Society,
    pp. 8471–8489, 2022.'
  ista: 'Fiedler C, Kleinhanns T, Garcia M, Lee S, Calcabrini M, Ibáñez M. 2022. Solution-processed
    inorganic thermoelectric materials: Opportunities and challenges ∇. Chemistry
    of Materials. 34(19), 8471–8489.'
  mla: 'Fiedler, Christine, et al. “Solution-Processed Inorganic Thermoelectric Materials:
    Opportunities and Challenges ∇.” <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>, vol. 34, no. 19,
    American Chemical Society, 2022, pp. 8471–89, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967">10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967</a>.'
  short: C. Fiedler, T. Kleinhanns, M. Garcia, S. Lee, M. Calcabrini, M. Ibáñez, Chemistry
    of Materials 34 (2022) 8471–8489.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-01-16T09:51:26Z
date_published: 2022-09-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-07T13:26:13Z
day: '20'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000917837600001'
  pmid:
  - '36248227'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: f7143e44ab510519d1949099c3558532
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2023-01-30T07:35:09Z
  date_updated: 2023-01-30T07:35:09Z
  file_id: '12434'
  file_name: 2022_ChemistryMaterials_Fiedler.pdf
  file_size: 10923495
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-01-30T07:35:09Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        34'
isi: 1
issue: '19'
keyword:
- Materials Chemistry
- General Chemical Engineering
- General Chemistry
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 8471-8489
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '665385'
  name: International IST Doctoral Program
publication: Chemistry of Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1520-5002
  issn:
  - 0897-4756
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '20415'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
  - id: '12885'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Solution-processed inorganic thermoelectric materials: Opportunities and challenges
  ∇'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 34
year: '2022'
...
