[{"doi":"10.1103/71f2-sq4p","acknowledgement":"The authors thank Vyacheslav Li for his earlier contributions to the development of the setup utilized in this work.\r\nThis work was supported by the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA); E.G. was supported by the European Research Council under Grant No. 101087907 (ERC CoG\r\nQuHAMP).","quality_controlled":"1","volume":114,"status":"public","year":"2026","_id":"22642","PlanS_conform":"1","date_published":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","dataavailabilitystatement":"There are no publicly available research data or software\r\nsupporting this manuscript. Requests for further information\r\nor data should be sent to the authors.","citation":{"ista":"Gheorghita E-F, Wald S, Pupić A, Hosten O. 2026. Continuous accumulation of cold atoms in an optical cavity. Physical Review A. 114(2), 023302.","short":"E.-F. Gheorghita, S. Wald, A. Pupić, O. Hosten, Physical Review A 114 (2026).","ieee":"E.-F. Gheorghita, S. Wald, A. Pupić, and O. Hosten, “Continuous accumulation of cold atoms in an optical cavity,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 114, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2026.","chicago":"Gheorghita, Edward-Fulbright, Sebastian Wald, Andrea Pupić, and Onur Hosten. “Continuous Accumulation of Cold Atoms in an Optical Cavity.” <i>Physical Review A</i>. American Physical Society, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p\">https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p</a>.","mla":"Gheorghita, Edward-Fulbright, et al. “Continuous Accumulation of Cold Atoms in an Optical Cavity.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 114, no. 2, 023302, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p\">10.1103/71f2-sq4p</a>.","apa":"Gheorghita, E.-F., Wald, S., Pupić, A., &#38; Hosten, O. (2026). Continuous accumulation of cold atoms in an optical cavity. <i>Physical Review A</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p\">https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p</a>","ama":"Gheorghita E-F, Wald S, Pupić A, Hosten O. Continuous accumulation of cold atoms in an optical cavity. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2026;114(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p\">10.1103/71f2-sq4p</a>"},"intvolume":"       114","publisher":"American Physical Society","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2469-9934"],"issn":["2469-9926"]},"corr_author":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Continuously operating atom-light interfaces represent a key prerequisite for steady-state quantum sensors and efficient quantum processors. Here, we demonstrate continuous accumulation of sub-Doppler-cooled atoms in a shallow intracavity dipole trap, realizing this regime. The key ingredient is a light-shift manipulation that creates spatially varying cooling parameters, enabling efficient capture and accumulation of atoms within a cavity mode. Demonstrated with rubidium atoms, a continuous flux from a source cell is funneled through the magneto-optical trap into the cavity mode, where the atoms are cooled and maintained below 10µK in steady state without time-sequenced operation. We characterize the resulting continuously maintained ensemble of millions of atoms and its collective coupling to the cavity field, establishing a route toward continuously operated cavity-QED systems and long-duration atomic and hybrid quantum sensors.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"023302","oa":1,"department":[{"_id":"OnHo"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","project":[{"grant_number":"101087907","name":"A quantum hybrid of atoms and milligram-scale pendulums: towards gravitational quantum mechanics","_id":"bdb2a702-d553-11ed-ba76-f12e3e5a3bc6"}],"ddc":["530"],"month":"08","issue":"2","researchdata_availability":"upon request","file_date_updated":"2026-08-04T06:03:14Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/71f2-sq4p","date_updated":"2026-08-04T06:07:20Z","supplementarymaterial":"yes","OA_place":"publisher","publication":"Physical Review A","date_created":"2026-08-04T05:58:23Z","title":"Continuous accumulation of cold atoms in an optical cavity","has_accepted_license":"1","article_type":"original","file":[{"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","success":1,"file_size":959463,"file_name":"2026_PhysicalReviewA_Gheorghita.pdf","date_updated":"2026-08-04T06:03:14Z","date_created":"2026-08-04T06:03:14Z","file_id":"22643","checksum":"fdecc394b734b56e1b3b151a816bbe14","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"das_tickbox":"1","OA_type":"hybrid","external_id":{"arxiv":["2512.14528"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"journal_article","arxiv":1,"author":[{"id":"e664a051-133f-11ed-8f02-a05999ad0822","full_name":"Gheorghita, Edward-Fulbright","first_name":"Edward-Fulbright","last_name":"Gheorghita"},{"last_name":"Wald","first_name":"Sebastian","orcid":"0000-0002-5869-1604","full_name":"Wald, Sebastian","id":"133F200A-B015-11E9-AD41-0EDAE5697425"},{"last_name":"Pupić","first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Pupić, Andrea","id":"ef9c50a4-5335-11ef-8b9b-8ce03e6380ed"},{"id":"4C02D85E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hosten, Onur","orcid":"0000-0002-2031-204X","last_name":"Hosten","first_name":"Onur"}],"day":"03"}]