--- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '21013' abstract: - lang: eng text: We have addressed convective self‐aggregation (CSA) in steady and oscillating sea surface temperature (SST) and solar radiation (SOLIN) cloud‐resolving model simulations in a non‐rotating radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) framework. Our experiment designs are motivated by land‐ocean heterogeneity of atmospheric convection. The steady and oscillating forcings are idealizations of ocean and land conditions, respectively, based on their differences in heat capacities. In both kinds of simulations, the diurnal mean SST and SOLIN are the same, and both SST and SOLIN are only varied in time (i.e., they are spatially homogeneous at any given time). We find that diurnally oscillating forcing accelerates CSA. Stronger long‐wave cooling in dry regions at night and during the warm SST phase (late afternoon) both allow the long‐wave feedback, known to favor aggregation, to intensify compared to steady forcing simulations. In addition to the long‐wave, reduced short‐wave warming in dry regions (during the day) further enhances radiative cooling there compared to moist regions. Overall, the radiative cooling is enhanced in dry regions compared to neighboring moist convective regions. A dry subsidence is driven by this net radiative (short‐wave plus long‐wave) cooling, consistent with earlier work on CSA. Stronger radiative cooling allows stronger subsidence which allows low‐level circulation to more efficiently transport moisture and energy up‐gradient, driving convection to aggregate faster. We also note a sensitivity of our experimental setup to initial conditions, more so at warmer SST. This stochastic behavior might be critical in reconciling the differences of opinion regarding the response of convection aggregation to oscillating SST forcing. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of ISTA through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp). We are grateful to three anonymous reviewer(s) for their insightful suggestions that have improved the quality of our manuscript. Open Access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology Austria/KEMÖ. article_number: e2024MS004576 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: BIDYUT B full_name: GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B id: 3a4ac09c-6d61-11ec-bf66-884cde66b64b last_name: GOSWAMI orcid: 0000-0001-8602-3083 - first_name: Ziyin full_name: Lu, Ziyin id: a6e549c6-8972-11ed-ae7b-a336d97ac043 last_name: Lu orcid: 0009-0008-5320-7730 - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: GOSWAMI BB, Lu Z, Muller CJ. Convective self‐aggregation in diurnally oscillating sea surface temperature and solar forcing experiments. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 2026;18(1). doi:10.1029/2024ms004576 apa: GOSWAMI, B. B., Lu, Z., & Muller, C. J. (2026). Convective self‐aggregation in diurnally oscillating sea surface temperature and solar forcing experiments. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ms004576 chicago: GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B, Ziyin Lu, and Caroline J Muller. “Convective Self‐aggregation in Diurnally Oscillating Sea Surface Temperature and Solar Forcing Experiments.” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. Wiley, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ms004576. ieee: B. B. GOSWAMI, Z. Lu, and C. J. Muller, “Convective self‐aggregation in diurnally oscillating sea surface temperature and solar forcing experiments,” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 18, no. 1. Wiley, 2026. ista: GOSWAMI BB, Lu Z, Muller CJ. 2026. Convective self‐aggregation in diurnally oscillating sea surface temperature and solar forcing experiments. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 18(1), e2024MS004576. mla: GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B., et al. “Convective Self‐aggregation in Diurnally Oscillating Sea Surface Temperature and Solar Forcing Experiments.” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 18, no. 1, e2024MS004576, Wiley, 2026, doi:10.1029/2024ms004576. short: B.B. GOSWAMI, Z. Lu, C.J. Muller, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 18 (2026). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2026-01-20T10:08:54Z date_published: 2026-01-12T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-01-21T08:41:19Z day: '12' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu - _id: BjHo - _id: GradSch doi: 10.1029/2024ms004576 ec_funded: 1 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 6ea369e3b46bea58efab4f38b6c671a7 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2026-01-21T08:39:01Z date_updated: 2026-01-21T08:39:01Z file_id: '21027' file_name: 2026_JAMES_Goswami.pdf file_size: 19509786 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2026-01-21T08:39:01Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 18' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems publication_identifier: eissn: - 1942-2466 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Convective self‐aggregation in diurnally oscillating sea surface temperature and solar forcing experiments tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 18 year: '2026' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '21035' abstract: - lang: eng text: According to the scientific consensus, tropical convection must decrease with global warming. This decrease is manifested by a decrease of the mass transported in the upward branch of the atmospheric overturning circulation – the convective mass flux – and a connected decrease of high clouds in the tropics, with implications for climate sensitivity. By using kilometer-scale simulations in radiative-convective equilibrium and a convective tracking algorithm, we show that no such decrease occurs in storms when taken individually and that the mass transport per storm increases instead. Storms can achieve this result by aggregating more surface of the convective cores – the inner part of the storm doing the vertical transport – so that the decrease of tropical convection is actually explained by a decrease in the total number of storms. There is little variation of the mean pressure velocity in the cores of the storms, a robust finding of this study. This remarkable invariance of the mean pressure velocity points to an emerging property of convection that should receive more attention in future studies. acknowledgement: We thank Sophie Cloché for her support with the handling of the various datasets. This study benefited from the IPSL mesocenter ESPRI facility which is supported by CNRS, UPMC, Labex L-IPSL, CNES and Ecole Polytechnique. The authors acknowledge the CNES and CNRS support under the Megha-Tropiques program. C.M. gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041). article_number: '14' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Maximilien full_name: Bolot, Maximilien last_name: Bolot - first_name: Rémy full_name: Roca, Rémy last_name: Roca - first_name: Thomas full_name: Fiolleau, Thomas last_name: Fiolleau - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: Bolot M, Roca R, Fiolleau T, Muller CJ. No decrease of tropical convection in individual deep convective systems with global warming. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2026;9. doi:10.1038/s41612-025-01285-5 apa: Bolot, M., Roca, R., Fiolleau, T., & Muller, C. J. (2026). No decrease of tropical convection in individual deep convective systems with global warming. Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01285-5 chicago: Bolot, Maximilien, Rémy Roca, Thomas Fiolleau, and Caroline J Muller. “No Decrease of Tropical Convection in Individual Deep Convective Systems with Global Warming.” Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. Springer Nature, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01285-5. ieee: M. Bolot, R. Roca, T. Fiolleau, and C. J. Muller, “No decrease of tropical convection in individual deep convective systems with global warming,” npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, vol. 9. Springer Nature, 2026. ista: Bolot M, Roca R, Fiolleau T, Muller CJ. 2026. No decrease of tropical convection in individual deep convective systems with global warming. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 9, 14. mla: Bolot, Maximilien, et al. “No Decrease of Tropical Convection in Individual Deep Convective Systems with Global Warming.” Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, vol. 9, 14, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:10.1038/s41612-025-01285-5. short: M. Bolot, R. Roca, T. Fiolleau, C.J. Muller, Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science 9 (2026). date_created: 2026-01-25T23:01:38Z date_published: 2026-01-15T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-12T08:41:09Z day: '15' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1038/s41612-025-01285-5 ec_funded: 1 external_id: pmid: - '41550270' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: c433bba3822b3c6c4a5260ad5e2429a0 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2026-02-12T08:39:27Z date_updated: 2026-02-12T08:39:27Z file_id: '21215' file_name: 2026_njpClimateAtmScience_Bolot.pdf file_size: 511226 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2026-02-12T08:39:27Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 9' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science publication_identifier: eissn: - 2397-3722 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: No decrease of tropical convection in individual deep convective systems with global warming tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 9 year: '2026' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '21217' abstract: - lang: eng text: This study investigates the mechanisms driving clustered convection and the breakdown of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the Western Pacific Warm Pool using high‐resolution cloud‐resolving simulations and machine‐learning sensitivity experiments. Results show that ITCZ breakdown episodes, marked by spatially homogeneous convection and weakened meridional moisture gradients, are triggered primarily by anomalous moisture advection linked to the equatorial Rossby‐wave activity. While large‐scale moisture advection regulates the background convective state strongly, it is the surface and low‐level meridional winds that dominate transitions between clustered and random convection. Simulations demonstrate that moisture alone can sustain convective clustering, but breakdown episodes are more persistent and widespread when coupled with southerly meridional advection. These findings confirm that wave‐driven advection acts as a regulatory mechanism, periodically disrupting convective clustering and reshaping the meridional moisture gradient. This modulation of organization by wave‐induced breakdown events is critical for understanding tropical convection variability and its implications for the climate system. acknowledgement: This article is based on chapter 5 of the PhD thesis of A. Casallas. The authors thank Graziano Giuliani for discussions on the boundary-condition experiments. A. Casallas was supported by a PhD fellowship awarded by the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics. A. Casallas also acknowledges support by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101034413. C. Muller acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041). The authors gratefully acknowledge Daniel Hernández-Deckers, Lokahith Agasthya, Chris Holloway, and Paolina Cerlini for their valuable feedback and insightful discussions. They are especially thankful to Bety Pechacova for suggesting the use of SHAP to complement their analysis. They also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which improved the quality and clarity of the article significantly. Open Access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology Austria/KEMÖ. article_number: e70131 article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Alejandro full_name: Casallas Garcia, Alejandro id: 92081129-2d75-11ef-a48d-b04dd7a2385a last_name: Casallas Garcia orcid: 0000-0002-1988-5035 - first_name: Adrian full_name: Mark Tompkins, Adrian last_name: Mark Tompkins - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: Casallas Garcia A, Mark Tompkins A, Muller CJ. Moisture and wind effects of Rossby waves on Western Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone breakdown events. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2026. doi:10.1002/qj.70131 apa: Casallas Garcia, A., Mark Tompkins, A., & Muller, C. J. (2026). Moisture and wind effects of Rossby waves on Western Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone breakdown events. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70131 chicago: Casallas Garcia, Alejandro, Adrian Mark Tompkins, and Caroline J Muller. “Moisture and Wind Effects of Rossby Waves on Western Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone Breakdown Events.” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Wiley, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70131. ieee: A. Casallas Garcia, A. Mark Tompkins, and C. J. Muller, “Moisture and wind effects of Rossby waves on Western Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone breakdown events,” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Wiley, 2026. ista: Casallas Garcia A, Mark Tompkins A, Muller CJ. 2026. Moisture and wind effects of Rossby waves on Western Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone breakdown events. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society., e70131. mla: Casallas Garcia, Alejandro, et al. “Moisture and Wind Effects of Rossby Waves on Western Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone Breakdown Events.” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, e70131, Wiley, 2026, doi:10.1002/qj.70131. short: A. Casallas Garcia, A. Mark Tompkins, C.J. Muller, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (2026). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2026-02-12T10:13:02Z date_published: 2026-02-12T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T10:19:52Z day: '12' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1002/qj.70131 ec_funded: 1 has_accepted_license: '1' language: - iso: eng license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70131 month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '101034413' name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program' - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society publication_identifier: eissn: - 1477-870X issn: - 0035-9009 publication_status: epub_ahead publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Moisture and wind effects of Rossby waves on Western Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone breakdown events tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) short: CC BY-NC (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2026' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '18605' abstract: - lang: eng text: The response of clouds and moist-convective processes to heat loss to space by long-wave radiative cooling is an important feedback in the Earth's atmosphere. It is known that moist convection increases roughly in equilibrium with radiative cooling, an assumption often made in simplified models of the tropical atmosphere. In this study, we use an idealised two-dimensional model of the atmosphere introduced by Vallis et. al. and incorporate a bulk-cooling term, which is an idealisation of radiative cooling in the atmosphere. We comment briefly on the static stability of the system to dry and moist convection and characteris its moist convective response to changes in the bulk cooling. We find that, while the clear-sky regions of the model respond directly to the change in the cooling term, the regions dominated by moist convective plumes are insensitive to changes in cooling. Similar to previous findings from cloud-resolving models, we too find in our idealised setting that the majority of the increase in convection occurs via an increase in the areal coverage of convection, rather than its intensity. We argue that these small-scale convective processes are an upper bound on how quickly convective intensity can change to stay in equilibrium with radiative cooling. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: "The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of Julian Renaud and Alzbeta “Bety” Pechacova. Julian went through the relevant literature on the topic in the initial stages of the study in a very thorough manner and allowed the authors to understand the various types of idealised models that have been studied and the various approaches used. Bety ran simulations and performed analysis of the outputs of several simulations, which were crucial to bringing the article to its final form.\r\n\r\nThe authors also acknowledge the input of Prof. Martin Singh (Monash University, Australia) and discussions with Gregory Dritschel, Prof. Steven Tobias, and Prof. Douglas Parker (Leeds University, United Kingdom).\r\n\r\nThis project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101034413. C. Muller gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp)." article_number: e4902 article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Lokahith N full_name: Agasthya, Lokahith N id: cd100965-0804-11ed-9c55-f4878ff4e877 last_name: Agasthya - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 - first_name: Mathis full_name: Cheve, Mathis id: c2cdb722-b15c-11ef-9e63-db902a30b40d last_name: Cheve citation: ama: 'Agasthya LN, Muller CJ, Cheve M. Moist convective scaling: Insights from an idealised model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2025;151(766). doi:10.1002/qj.4902' apa: 'Agasthya, L. N., Muller, C. J., & Cheve, M. (2025). Moist convective scaling: Insights from an idealised model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4902' chicago: 'Agasthya, Lokahith N, Caroline J Muller, and Mathis Cheve. “Moist Convective Scaling: Insights from an Idealised Model.” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Wiley, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4902.' ieee: 'L. N. Agasthya, C. J. Muller, and M. Cheve, “Moist convective scaling: Insights from an idealised model,” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol. 151, no. 766. Wiley, 2025.' ista: 'Agasthya LN, Muller CJ, Cheve M. 2025. Moist convective scaling: Insights from an idealised model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 151(766), e4902.' mla: 'Agasthya, Lokahith N., et al. “Moist Convective Scaling: Insights from an Idealised Model.” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol. 151, no. 766, e4902, Wiley, 2025, doi:10.1002/qj.4902.' short: L.N. Agasthya, C.J. Muller, M. Cheve, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 151 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2024-12-01T23:01:54Z date_published: 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T10:22:46Z day: '01' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1002/qj.4902 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001363135200001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 2b4968f1c794da56d1eb7b856a406de7 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-07-03T06:46:27Z date_updated: 2025-07-03T06:46:27Z file_id: '19958' file_name: 2025_QuartJRMS_Agasthya.pdf file_size: 5924105 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-07-03T06:46:27Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 151' isi: 1 issue: '766' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '101034413' name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program' - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society publication_identifier: eissn: - 1477-870X issn: - 0035-9009 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Moist convective scaling: Insights from an idealised model' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 151 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '20026' abstract: - lang: eng text: Deep Convective Systems (DCSs) reaching scales of 100–1000 km play a pivotal role as the primary precipitation source in the tropics. Those systems can have large cloud shields, and thus not only affect severe precipitation patterns but also play a crucial part in modulating the tropical radiation budget. Understanding the complex factors that control how these systems grow and how they will behave in a warming climate remain fundamental challenges. Research efforts have been directed, on one hand, towards understanding the environmental control on these systems, and on the other hand, towards exploring the internal potential of systems to develop and self-aggregate in idealized simulations. However, we still lack understanding on the relative role of the environment and internal feedbacks on DCS mature size and why. The novel high-resolution global SAM simulation from the DYAMOND project, combined with the TOOCAN Lagrangian tracking of DCSs and machine learning tools, offers an unprecedented opportunity to explore this question. We find that a system’s growth rate during the first 2 h of development predicts its final size with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.65. Beyond this period, growth rate emerges as the strongest predictor. However, in the early stages, additional factors–such as ice water path heterogeneity, migration distance, interactions with neighboring systems, and deep shear–play a more significant role. Our study quantitatively assesses the relative influence of internal versus external factors on the mature cloud shield size. Our results show that system-intrinsic properties exert a stronger influence than environmental conditions, suggesting that the initial environment does not strictly constrain final system size, particularly for larger systems where internal dynamics dominate. acknowledgement: C.M. and S.A. gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, grant agreement 805041), and from the PhD fellowship of Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris-Saclay. DYAMOND data management was provided by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) and supported through the projects ESiWACE and ESiWACE2. The projects ESiWACE and ESiWACE2 have received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreements No 675191 and 823988. This work used resources of the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) granted by its Scientific Steering Committee (WLA) under project IDs bk1040 and bb1153. The authors express their gratitude to Sophie Cloché and Eileen Hertwig for their assistance in data archival at IPSL and DKRZ, respectively. We also thank Christophe Lampert and Benjamin Fildier for valuable scientific discussions, and acknowledge the thoughtful comments of two anonymous reviewers. article_number: '258' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Sophie full_name: Abramian, Sophie last_name: Abramian - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 - first_name: Camille full_name: Risi, Camille last_name: Risi - first_name: Thomas full_name: Fiolleau, Thomas last_name: Fiolleau - first_name: Rémy full_name: Roca, Rémy last_name: Roca citation: ama: Abramian S, Muller CJ, Risi C, Fiolleau T, Roca R. How key features of early development shape deep convective systems. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2025;8. doi:10.1038/s41612-025-01154-1 apa: Abramian, S., Muller, C. J., Risi, C., Fiolleau, T., & Roca, R. (2025). How key features of early development shape deep convective systems. Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01154-1 chicago: Abramian, Sophie, Caroline J Muller, Camille Risi, Thomas Fiolleau, and Rémy Roca. “How Key Features of Early Development Shape Deep Convective Systems.” Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01154-1. ieee: S. Abramian, C. J. Muller, C. Risi, T. Fiolleau, and R. Roca, “How key features of early development shape deep convective systems,” npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, vol. 8. Springer Nature, 2025. ista: Abramian S, Muller CJ, Risi C, Fiolleau T, Roca R. 2025. How key features of early development shape deep convective systems. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. 8, 258. mla: Abramian, Sophie, et al. “How Key Features of Early Development Shape Deep Convective Systems.” Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, vol. 8, 258, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:10.1038/s41612-025-01154-1. short: S. Abramian, C.J. Muller, C. Risi, T. Fiolleau, R. Roca, Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science 8 (2025). date_created: 2025-07-20T22:01:59Z date_published: 2025-07-08T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:02:27Z day: '08' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1038/s41612-025-01154-1 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001524244500001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 8113405b3e52024b24621ea21d89b3ab content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-07-22T06:02:14Z date_updated: 2025-07-22T06:02:14Z file_id: '20061' file_name: 2025_njpClimate_Abramian.pdf file_size: 3919446 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-07-22T06:02:14Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 8' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science publication_identifier: eissn: - 2397-3722 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: How key features of early development shape deep convective systems tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 8 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '20319' abstract: - lang: eng text: The time needed by deep convection to bring the atmosphere back to equilibrium is called convective adjustment timescale or simply adjustment timescale, typically denoted by . In the Community Atmospheric Model|Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), is the convective available potential energy (CAPE) relaxation timescale and is 1 hr, worldwide. Observational evidence suggests that is generally longer than 1 hr. Further, continental and oceanic convection are different in terms of the vigor of updrafts and can have different longevities. So using hour worldwide in CAM has two potential caveats. A longer improves the simulation of the mean climate. However, it does not address the land‐ocean heterogeneity of atmospheric deep convection. We investigate the prescription of two different CAPE relaxation timescales for land ( hr) and ocean ( to 4 hr). It is arguably an extremely crude parameterization of boundary layer control on atmospheric convection. We contrast a suite of 5‐year‐long simulations with two different for land and ocean to having one globally. The choice of longer over ocean is guided by previous studies and inspired by observational pieces of evidence. Nonetheless, to complement our variable experiments, we perform a simulation with  hr and  hrs. Most importantly, our key findings are immune to the exact values of prescribed and . The CAM model, with two values , improves convective‐stratiform rainfall partitioning and the Madden–Julian oscillation propagation characteristics. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant 805041). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of ISTA through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp). We would like to thank Prof. Courtney Schumacher and Dr. Aaron Funk of Texas A&M University for their help in understanding the TRMM Radar data. The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers who helped improve the quality of this paper. article_number: e2025MS005035 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: BIDYUT B full_name: GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B id: 3a4ac09c-6d61-11ec-bf66-884cde66b64b last_name: GOSWAMI orcid: 0000-0001-8602-3083 - first_name: Andrea full_name: Polesello, Andrea id: 74c777f4-32da-11ee-b498-874db0835561 last_name: Polesello - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: GOSWAMI BB, Polesello A, Muller CJ. An assessment of representing land‐ocean heterogeneity via CAPE relaxation timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6). Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 2025;17(9). doi:10.1029/2025ms005035 apa: GOSWAMI, B. B., Polesello, A., & Muller, C. J. (2025). An assessment of representing land‐ocean heterogeneity via CAPE relaxation timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6). Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ms005035 chicago: GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B, Andrea Polesello, and Caroline J Muller. “An Assessment of Representing Land‐ocean Heterogeneity via CAPE Relaxation Timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6).” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. Wiley, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ms005035. ieee: B. B. GOSWAMI, A. Polesello, and C. J. Muller, “An assessment of representing land‐ocean heterogeneity via CAPE relaxation timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6),” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 17, no. 9. Wiley, 2025. ista: GOSWAMI BB, Polesello A, Muller CJ. 2025. An assessment of representing land‐ocean heterogeneity via CAPE relaxation timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6). Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 17(9), e2025MS005035. mla: GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B., et al. “An Assessment of Representing Land‐ocean Heterogeneity via CAPE Relaxation Timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6).” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 17, no. 9, e2025MS005035, Wiley, 2025, doi:10.1029/2025ms005035. short: B.B. GOSWAMI, A. Polesello, C.J. Muller, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-09-10T05:36:16Z date_published: 2025-09-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-10T08:14:28Z day: '01' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1029/2025ms005035 ec_funded: 1 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 5961d6290432c5ac0e8587ef07f30c9b content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-09-10T08:12:34Z date_updated: 2025-09-10T08:12:34Z file_id: '20338' file_name: 2025_JAMES_Goswami.pdf file_size: 2143025 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-09-10T08:12:34Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 17' issue: '9' language: - iso: eng month: '09' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems publication_identifier: eissn: - 1942-2466 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: An assessment of representing land‐ocean heterogeneity via CAPE relaxation timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6) tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 17 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20590' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Moist convection is a fundamental process occurring in the Earth''s atmosphere. It plays a central role in the weather and climate of the Tropics, where, to first order, the heating of the atmosphere by convection is in balance with the cooling of the atmosphere by the emission of radiation to outer space. In this study, we use a cloud-resolving model in radiative–convective equilibrium with an imposed constant rate of radiative cooling and study the response of moist convection to varying this rate of radiative cooling. In particular, we study two types of simulation: varying air temperature (VAT) simulations, where the air temperature is allowed to adjust to the imposed radiative cooling, and constant air temperature (CAT) simulations, where the surface temperature is tuned to ensure that the atmospheric temperature profile in the domain is constant. We recover the previously known result that, in response to increasing radiative cooling, the area of convection expands rapidly, while the intensity of convection does not change. We find that this response is explained by the increased boundary-layer variability in simulations with greater radiative cooling, which compensates for the decreasing temperature by adding a larger initial velocity close to the cloud base. We also propose a fundamental scaling of the non-dimensional cumulus mass flux in moist convection, which is robust across models of different complexity. We aim to bridge the gap between highly idealised prototypes of moist convection, such as the “Rainy–Bénard convection” introduced by Vallis et al., and comprehensive cloud-resolving models.' acknowledged_ssus: - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: "The authors gratefully acknowledge discussions with Professor Robert Plant (University of Reading, UK), Professor Steve Sherwood (University of New South Wales, Australia), Professor Steve Tobias, Professor Douglas Parker, and Gregory Dritschel (University of Leeds, UK). Discussions with colleagues at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria played a large role in shaping this study. The authors are particularly grateful for inputs and discussions from Dr. Jiawei Bao, Dr. Alejandro Casallas, and Alzbeta Pechacova.\r\nThis project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska–Curie grant agreement No. 101034413. C. Muller gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp). Open Access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology Austria/KEMÖ." article_number: e70044 article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Lokahith N full_name: Agasthya, Lokahith N id: cd100965-0804-11ed-9c55-f4878ff4e877 last_name: Agasthya - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: 'Agasthya LN, Muller CJ. Moist convection and radiative cooling: Dynamical response and scaling. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2025. doi:10.1002/qj.70044' apa: 'Agasthya, L. N., & Muller, C. J. (2025). Moist convection and radiative cooling: Dynamical response and scaling. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70044' chicago: 'Agasthya, Lokahith N, and Caroline J Muller. “Moist Convection and Radiative Cooling: Dynamical Response and Scaling.” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Wiley, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70044.' ieee: 'L. N. Agasthya and C. J. Muller, “Moist convection and radiative cooling: Dynamical response and scaling,” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Wiley, 2025.' ista: 'Agasthya LN, Muller CJ. 2025. Moist convection and radiative cooling: Dynamical response and scaling. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society., e70044.' mla: 'Agasthya, Lokahith N., and Caroline J. Muller. “Moist Convection and Radiative Cooling: Dynamical Response and Scaling.” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, e70044, Wiley, 2025, doi:10.1002/qj.70044.' short: L.N. Agasthya, C.J. Muller, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-11-02T23:01:34Z date_published: 2025-10-18T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-12-01T15:15:18Z day: '18' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1002/qj.70044 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001595821400001' has_accepted_license: '1' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70044 month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '101034413' name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program' - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society publication_identifier: eissn: - 1477-870X issn: - 0035-9009 publication_status: epub_ahead publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Moist convection and radiative cooling: Dynamical response and scaling' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '19416' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Recently, Biagioli and Tompkins (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003231) used a simple stochastic model to derive a dimensionless parameter to predict convective self aggregation (SA) development, which was based on the derivation of the maximum free convective distance ($d_{clr}$) expected in the pre-aggregated, random state. Our goal is to test and further investigate this hypothesis, namely that $d_{clr}$ can predict SA occurrence, using an ensemble of twenty-four distinct combinations of horizontal mixing, planetary boundary layer (PBL), and microphysical parameterizations. We conclude that the key impact of parameterization schemes on SA is through their control of the number of convective cores and their relative spacing, $d_{clr}$, which itself is impacted by cold-pool (CP) properties and mean updraft core size. SA is more likely when the convective core count is small, while CPs modify convective spacing via suppression in their interiors and triggering by gust-front convergence and collisions. Each parameterization scheme emphasizes a different mechanism. Subgrid-scale horizontal turbulent mixing mainly affects SA through the determination of convective core size and thus spacing. The sensitivity to the microphysics is mainly through rain evaporation and the subsequent impact on CPs, while perturbations to the ice cloud microphysics have a limited effect. Non-local PBL mixing schemes promote SA primarily by increasing convective inhibition through inversion entrainment and altering low cloud amounts, leading to fewer convective cores and larger $d_{clr}$. ' acknowledgement: This article is based on chapter 3 of AC Ph.D. thesis. The authors thank Graziano Giuliani for his coding assistance. We also thank Daniel Hernández-Deckers, Paolina Cerlini, and especially to Giovanni Biagioli for discussions and feedback. We also thank two reviewers for their insightful comments. AC was supported by a fellowship awarded by ICTP and by the European Union Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101034413. CM acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041). article_number: e2024MS004791 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Alejandro full_name: Casallas Garcia, Alejandro id: 92081129-2d75-11ef-a48d-b04dd7a2385a last_name: Casallas Garcia orcid: 0000-0002-1988-5035 - first_name: A.M. full_name: Tompkins, A.M. last_name: Tompkins - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 - first_name: G. full_name: Thompson, G. last_name: Thompson citation: ama: Casallas Garcia A, Tompkins AM, Muller CJ, Thompson G. Sensitivity of self-aggregation and the key role of the free convection distance. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 2025;17(3). doi:10.1029/2024MS004791 apa: Casallas Garcia, A., Tompkins, A. M., Muller, C. J., & Thompson, G. (2025). Sensitivity of self-aggregation and the key role of the free convection distance. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004791 chicago: Casallas Garcia, Alejandro, A.M. Tompkins, Caroline J Muller, and G. Thompson. “Sensitivity of Self-Aggregation and the Key Role of the Free Convection Distance.” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. Wiley, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004791. ieee: A. Casallas Garcia, A. M. Tompkins, C. J. Muller, and G. Thompson, “Sensitivity of self-aggregation and the key role of the free convection distance,” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 17, no. 3. Wiley, 2025. ista: Casallas Garcia A, Tompkins AM, Muller CJ, Thompson G. 2025. Sensitivity of self-aggregation and the key role of the free convection distance. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 17(3), e2024MS004791. mla: Casallas Garcia, Alejandro, et al. “Sensitivity of Self-Aggregation and the Key Role of the Free Convection Distance.” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 17, no. 3, e2024MS004791, Wiley, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024MS004791. short: A. Casallas Garcia, A.M. Tompkins, C.J. Muller, G. Thompson, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-03-19T07:58:38Z date_published: 2025-03-18T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T11:04:38Z day: '18' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1029/2024MS004791 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001447023900001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: bc32677e63f8abb07b330f4a08da796d content_type: application/pdf creator: acasalla date_created: 2025-03-19T07:58:21Z date_updated: 2025-03-19T07:58:21Z file_id: '19417' file_name: Casallas_et_al_2025_dclr.pdf file_size: 18285343 relation: main_file file_date_updated: 2025-03-19T07:58:21Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 17' isi: 1 issue: '3' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '101034413' name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program' - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems publication_identifier: eissn: - 1942-2466 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Sensitivity of self-aggregation and the key role of the free convection distance tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 17 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '19672' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Some of the classical models of tropical cyclone intensification predict tropical cyclones to intensify up to a steady intensity, which depends on surface fluxes only, without any relevant role played by convective motions in the troposphere, typically assumed to have a moist adiabatic lapse rate. Simulations performed using the non-hydrostatic, high-resolution model System for Atmosphere Modeling in idealized settings (rotating radiative-convective equilibrium on a doubly periodic domain) show early intensification consistent with these theoretical expectations, but different intensity evolution, with the cyclone undergoing an oscillation in wind speed. This oscillation can be linked to feedbacks between the cyclone intensity and air buoyancy: convective heating, radiative heating, and mixing with warm low stratospheric air warm the mid and upper troposphere of the cyclone stabilizing the air column and thus reducing its intensity. After the intensity decay phase, mid and upper tropospheric cooling, mostly through cold advection from the surroundings, cooled by radiation, rebuilds Convective Available Potential Energy, that peaks just before a new intensification phase. These idealized simulations thus highlight the potentially important interactions between a tropical cyclone, its environment and radiation.' acknowledgement: The authors acknowledge two anonymous reviewers and the editor who provided insightful remarks and comments that helped to significantly improve the manuscript. AP and CJM gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041). Part of this work is an outcome of the project MIUR—Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2023–2027. ANM is supported by HPC-TRES Grant 2023-04. article_number: e2024MS004613 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Andrea full_name: Polesello, Andrea id: 74c777f4-32da-11ee-b498-874db0835561 last_name: Polesello - first_name: Giousef Alexandros full_name: Charinti, Giousef Alexandros id: 7f7cc04c-074c-11ed-af92-eb16afd85c75 last_name: Charinti - first_name: Agostino Niyonkuru full_name: Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru last_name: Meroni - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 - first_name: Claudia full_name: Pasquero, Claudia last_name: Pasquero citation: ama: 'Polesello A, Charinti GA, Meroni AN, Muller CJ, Pasquero C. Intensity oscillations of tropical cyclones: Surface versus mid and upper tropospheric processes. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 2025;17(4). doi:10.1029/2024MS004613' apa: 'Polesello, A., Charinti, G. A., Meroni, A. N., Muller, C. J., & Pasquero, C. (2025). Intensity oscillations of tropical cyclones: Surface versus mid and upper tropospheric processes. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004613' chicago: 'Polesello, Andrea, Giousef Alexandros Charinti, Agostino Niyonkuru Meroni, Caroline J Muller, and Claudia Pasquero. “Intensity Oscillations of Tropical Cyclones: Surface versus Mid and Upper Tropospheric Processes.” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. Wiley, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004613.' ieee: 'A. Polesello, G. A. Charinti, A. N. Meroni, C. J. Muller, and C. Pasquero, “Intensity oscillations of tropical cyclones: Surface versus mid and upper tropospheric processes,” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 17, no. 4. Wiley, 2025.' ista: 'Polesello A, Charinti GA, Meroni AN, Muller CJ, Pasquero C. 2025. Intensity oscillations of tropical cyclones: Surface versus mid and upper tropospheric processes. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 17(4), e2024MS004613.' mla: 'Polesello, Andrea, et al. “Intensity Oscillations of Tropical Cyclones: Surface versus Mid and Upper Tropospheric Processes.” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 17, no. 4, e2024MS004613, Wiley, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024MS004613.' short: A. Polesello, G.A. Charinti, A.N. Meroni, C.J. Muller, C. Pasquero, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-05-11T22:02:41Z date_published: 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T12:30:29Z day: '01' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1029/2024MS004613 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001472439600001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 2f7c74aceaeea4be1fff4de300791319 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-05-12T12:17:08Z date_updated: 2025-05-12T12:17:08Z file_id: '19683' file_name: 2025_JAMES_Polesello.pdf file_size: 942325 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-05-12T12:17:08Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 17' isi: 1 issue: '4' language: - iso: eng month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems publication_identifier: eissn: - 1942-2466 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Intensity oscillations of tropical cyclones: Surface versus mid and upper tropospheric processes' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 17 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20705' abstract: - lang: eng text: Optical tweezers are widely used as a highly sensitive tool to measure forces on micron-scale particles. One such application is the measurement of the electric charge of a particle, which can be done with high precision in liquids, air, or vacuum. We experimentally investigate how the trapping laser itself can electrically charge such a particle, in our case a ∼1  μ⁢m SiO2 sphere in air. We model the charging mechanism as a two-photon process which reproduces the experimental data with high fidelity. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: M-Shop - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: We thank Todor Asenov and Abdulhamid Baghdadi for their outstanding technical support and Dr. Michael Gleichweit and Mercede Azizbaig Mohajer for the helpful discussions. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreements No. 949120 and No. 805041) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF, Project No. 200021-236446). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop and the Scientific Computing service unit. article_number: '218202' article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Andrea full_name: Stöllner, Andrea id: 4bdcf7f6-eb97-11eb-a6c2-9981bbdc3bed last_name: Stöllner orcid: 0000-0002-0464-8440 - first_name: Isaac C full_name: Lenton, Isaac C id: a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb last_name: Lenton orcid: 0000-0002-5010-6984 - first_name: Artem full_name: Volosniev, Artem id: 37D278BC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Volosniev orcid: 0000-0003-0393-5525 - first_name: James full_name: Millen, James last_name: Millen - first_name: Renjiro full_name: Shibuya, Renjiro last_name: Shibuya - first_name: Hisao full_name: Ishii, Hisao last_name: Ishii - first_name: Dmytro full_name: Rak, Dmytro id: 70313b46-47c2-11ec-9e88-cd79101918fe last_name: Rak - first_name: Zhanybek full_name: Alpichshev, Zhanybek id: 45E67A2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Alpichshev orcid: 0000-0002-7183-5203 - first_name: Grégory full_name: David, Grégory last_name: David - first_name: Ruth full_name: Signorell, Ruth last_name: Signorell - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 - first_name: Scott R full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Waitukaitis orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176 citation: ama: Stöllner A, Lenton IC, Volosniev A, et al. Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air. Physical Review Letters. 2025;135(21). doi:10.1103/5xd9-4tjj apa: Stöllner, A., Lenton, I. C., Volosniev, A., Millen, J., Shibuya, R., Ishii, H., … Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/5xd9-4tjj chicago: Stöllner, Andrea, Isaac C Lenton, Artem Volosniev, James Millen, Renjiro Shibuya, Hisao Ishii, Dmytro Rak, et al. “Using Optical Tweezers to Simultaneously Trap, Charge, and Measure the Charge of a Microparticle in Air.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1103/5xd9-4tjj. ieee: A. Stöllner et al., “Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 135, no. 21. American Physical Society, 2025. ista: Stöllner A, Lenton IC, Volosniev A, Millen J, Shibuya R, Ishii H, Rak D, Alpichshev Z, David G, Signorell R, Muller CJ, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air. Physical Review Letters. 135(21), 218202. mla: Stöllner, Andrea, et al. “Using Optical Tweezers to Simultaneously Trap, Charge, and Measure the Charge of a Microparticle in Air.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 135, no. 21, 218202, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:10.1103/5xd9-4tjj. short: A. Stöllner, I.C. Lenton, A. Volosniev, J. Millen, R. Shibuya, H. Ishii, D. Rak, Z. Alpichshev, G. David, R. Signorell, C.J. Muller, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Letters 135 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-11-30T23:02:07Z date_published: 2025-11-21T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-28T13:09:27Z day: '21' ddc: - '530' - '550' department: - _id: ZhAl - _id: CaMu - _id: ScWa doi: 10.1103/5xd9-4tjj ec_funded: 1 external_id: arxiv: - '2507.17591' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: a5f76b1230cc7b039ecd0dbd6f99e775 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-12-01T08:19:46Z date_updated: 2025-12-01T08:19:46Z file_id: '20717' file_name: 2025_PhysReviewLetters_Stoellner.pdf file_size: 1761373 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-12-01T08:19:46Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 135' issue: '21' language: - iso: eng month: '11' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '949120' name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics' - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Physical Review Letters publication_identifier: eissn: - 1079-7114 issn: - 0031-9007 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on ISTA website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/trapping-particles-to-explain-lightning/ scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd volume: 135 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20795' abstract: - lang: eng text: The tropical climate variability is characterized by various oscillations across a range of timescales. Oscillations that imprint the tropical mean state are generally attributed to slow processes, such as the seasonal cycle or interannual variability. Here, we identify a pronounced tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillation (TWISO) in satellite observations and reanalyses. This oscillation, with a period of 30 to 60 d, is evident across multiple variables and involves interactions between convection, radiation, surface fluxes, and large-scale circulation. It is primarily manifested as convective perturbations in the tropical Indo-Pacific warm pool accompanied by oscillations in the large-scale tropical overturning circulation. Here, we examine the relationship between TWISO, the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), and the instability of radiative-convective equilibrium. Certain phases of TWISO coincide with specific phases of the MJO, suggesting a potential connection between the two. However, although the MJO can amplify the oscillation amplitude of TWISO, it is not essential for TWISO to occur. Finally, due to its broad manifestation across the tropics, TWISO potentially exerts widespread influence on tropical weather and climate at regional scales. acknowledgement: 'J.B. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant (grant agreement No. 101034413). S.B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project Mesoscale organization of tropical convection, grant agreement No 101098063). D.T. acknowledges funding from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (Project JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, grant No. JP24K22893). C.M. gratefully acknowledges funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project organisation of CLoUdS, and implications for Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and in a waRming climate, grant agreement No. 805041). We thank Martin Singh, Steven Sherwood, Bjorn Stevens, and Lokahith Agasthya for helpful discussions. JSPS Core-to-Core Program, “International Core-to-Core Project on Global Storm Resolving Analysis” (Grant Number: JPJSCCA20220001)' article_number: e2511549122 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Jiawei full_name: Bao, Jiawei id: bb9a7399-fefd-11ed-be3c-ae648fd1d160 last_name: Bao - first_name: Sandrine full_name: Bony, Sandrine last_name: Bony - first_name: Daisuke full_name: Takasuka, Daisuke last_name: Takasuka - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: Bao J, Bony S, Takasuka D, Muller CJ. Tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(48). doi:10.1073/pnas.2511549122 apa: Bao, J., Bony, S., Takasuka, D., & Muller, C. J. (2025). Tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2511549122 chicago: Bao, Jiawei, Sandrine Bony, Daisuke Takasuka, and Caroline J Muller. “Tropics-Wide Intraseasonal Oscillations.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2511549122. ieee: J. Bao, S. Bony, D. Takasuka, and C. J. Muller, “Tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillations,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 48. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. ista: Bao J, Bony S, Takasuka D, Muller CJ. 2025. Tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(48), e2511549122. mla: Bao, Jiawei, et al. “Tropics-Wide Intraseasonal Oscillations.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 48, e2511549122, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1073/pnas.2511549122. short: J. Bao, S. Bony, D. Takasuka, C.J. Muller, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-12-11T10:41:13Z date_published: 2025-12-02T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-28T13:01:32Z day: '02' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1073/pnas.2511549122 ec_funded: 1 external_id: pmid: - '41284872' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 093a8685170e4a1de9176f68ee449493 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-12-15T09:17:33Z date_updated: 2025-12-15T09:17:33Z file_id: '20822' file_name: 2025_PNAS_Bao.pdf file_size: 30890293 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-12-15T09:17:33Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 122' issue: '48' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '101034413' name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program' - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on ISTA website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/hidden-in-plain-sight/ scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillations tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd volume: 122 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '19005' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Causal representation learning promises to extend causal models to hidden causal\r\nvariables from raw entangled measurements. However, most progress has focused\r\non proving identifiability results in different settings, and we are not aware of any\r\nsuccessful real-world application. At the same time, the field of dynamical systems\r\nbenefited from deep learning and scaled to countless applications but does not allow\r\nparameter identification. In this paper, we draw a clear connection between the two\r\nand their key assumptions, allowing us to apply identifiable methods developed\r\nin causal representation learning to dynamical systems. At the same time, we can\r\nleverage scalable differentiable solvers developed for differential equations to build\r\nmodels that are both identifiable and practical. Overall, we learn explicitly controllable models that isolate the trajectory-specific parameters for further downstream\r\ntasks such as out-of-distribution classification or treatment effect estimation. We\r\nexperiment with a wind simulator with partially known factors of variation. We\r\nalso apply the resulting model to real-world climate data and successfully answer\r\ndownstream causal questions in line with existing literature on climate change.\r\nCode is available at https://github.com/CausalLearningAI/crl-dynamical-systems." acknowledgement: "We thank Niklas Boers for recommending the SpeedyWeather simulator and Valentino Maiorca\r\nfor guidance on Fourier transformation for SST data. We are also grateful to Shimeng Huang and Riccardo Cadei for their feedback on the treatment effect estimation experiment and to Jiale Chen and Adeel Pervez for their assistance with the solver implementation. Finally, we appreciate the anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions, which helped improve the manuscript. " alternative_title: - Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems article_processing_charge: No arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Dingling full_name: Yao, Dingling id: d3e02e50-48a8-11ee-8f62-c108061797fa last_name: Yao - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 - first_name: Francesco full_name: Locatello, Francesco id: 26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4 last_name: Locatello orcid: 0000-0002-4850-0683 citation: ama: 'Yao D, Muller CJ, Locatello F. Marrying causal representation learning with dynamical systems for science. In: 38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. Vol 37. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2024.' apa: 'Yao, D., Muller, C. J., & Locatello, F. (2024). Marrying causal representation learning with dynamical systems for science. In 38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (Vol. 37). Vancouver, Canada: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation.' chicago: Yao, Dingling, Caroline J Muller, and Francesco Locatello. “Marrying Causal Representation Learning with Dynamical Systems for Science.” In 38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Vol. 37. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2024. ieee: D. Yao, C. J. Muller, and F. Locatello, “Marrying causal representation learning with dynamical systems for science,” in 38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Vancouver, Canada, 2024, vol. 37. ista: 'Yao D, Muller CJ, Locatello F. 2024. Marrying causal representation learning with dynamical systems for science. 38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 37.' mla: Yao, Dingling, et al. “Marrying Causal Representation Learning with Dynamical Systems for Science.” 38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 37, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2024. short: D. Yao, C.J. Muller, F. Locatello, in:, 38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2024. conference: end_date: 2024-12-16 location: Vancouver, Canada name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems' start_date: 2024-12-16 corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-02-05T07:49:00Z date_published: 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-07-10T11:51:32Z day: '01' ddc: - '000' - '550' department: - _id: CaMu - _id: FrLo external_id: arxiv: - '2405.13888' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: fe8832367e7143876f178244385d859e content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-02-05T07:44:58Z date_updated: 2025-02-05T07:44:58Z file_id: '19006' file_name: 2024_NeurIPS_Yao.pdf file_size: 2595855 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-02-05T07:44:58Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 37' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: 38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems publication_status: published publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: software url: https://github.com/CausalLearningAI/crl-dynamical-systems scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Marrying causal representation learning with dynamical systems for science tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: conference user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 37 year: '2024' ... --- OA_place: repository OA_type: green _id: '19307' abstract: - lang: eng text: "This repository contains the data, scripts, SAM codes and files required to reproduce the results of the manuscript \"The Unreasonable Efficiency of Total Rain Evaporation Removal in Triggering Convective Self-Aggregation\" submitted to the Geophysical Research Letters (GRL).\r\n\r\nBrief description of project: This project aims to examine the impact of rain evaporation removal or reduction in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) on convective self aggregation (CSA). Non-rotating radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) simulations were conducted with the System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) cloud resolving model. Rain evaporation in the lowest 1 km was progressively reduced and the effect on CSA was investigated. The physical processes underlying this type of aggregation (referred to in the manuscript as no-evaporation CSA, or NE-CSA) were analyzed and described. \r\nThe default SAM code base (version 6.10.8) can be downloaded from here: http://rossby.msrc.sunysb.edu/~marat/SAM.html" article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Yi-Ling full_name: Hwong, Yi-Ling id: 1217aa61-4dd1-11ec-9ac3-f2ba3f17ee22 last_name: Hwong orcid: 0000-0001-9281-3479 - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: Hwong Y-L, Muller CJ. Data - The unreasonable efficiency of total rain evaporation removal in triggering convective self-aggregation. 2024. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.10687169 apa: Hwong, Y.-L., & Muller, C. J. (2024). Data - The unreasonable efficiency of total rain evaporation removal in triggering convective self-aggregation. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10687169 chicago: Hwong, Yi-Ling, and Caroline J Muller. “Data - The Unreasonable Efficiency of Total Rain Evaporation Removal in Triggering Convective Self-Aggregation.” Zenodo, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10687169. ieee: Y.-L. Hwong and C. J. Muller, “Data - The unreasonable efficiency of total rain evaporation removal in triggering convective self-aggregation.” Zenodo, 2024. ista: Hwong Y-L, Muller CJ. 2024. Data - The unreasonable efficiency of total rain evaporation removal in triggering convective self-aggregation, Zenodo, 10.5281/ZENODO.10687169. mla: Hwong, Yi-Ling, and Caroline J. Muller. Data - The Unreasonable Efficiency of Total Rain Evaporation Removal in Triggering Convective Self-Aggregation. Zenodo, 2024, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.10687169. short: Y.-L. Hwong, C.J. Muller, (2024). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-03-07T08:39:40Z date_published: 2024-02-21T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-04T13:16:39Z day: '21' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.10687169 has_accepted_license: '1' main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8369509 month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publisher: Zenodo related_material: record: - id: '15186' relation: used_in_publication status: public status: public title: Data - The unreasonable efficiency of total rain evaporation removal in triggering convective self-aggregation tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: research_data_reference user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2024' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '15047' abstract: - lang: eng text: Tropical precipitation extremes and their changes with surface warming are investigated using global storm resolving simulations and high-resolution observations. The simulations demonstrate that the mesoscale organization of convection, a process that cannot be physically represented by conventional global climate models, is important for the variations of tropical daily accumulated precipitation extremes. In both the simulations and observations, daily precipitation extremes increase in a more organized state, in association with larger, but less frequent, storms. Repeating the simulations for a warmer climate results in a robust increase in monthly-mean daily precipitation extremes. Higher precipitation percentiles have a greater sensitivity to convective organization, which is predicted to increase with warming. Without changes in organization, the strongest daily precipitation extremes over the tropical oceans increase at a rate close to Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) scaling. Thus, in a future warmer state with increased organization, the strongest daily precipitation extremes over oceans increase at a faster rate than CC scaling. acknowledgement: This work is supported by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG). We greatly appreciate computational resources from Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) and the Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC). ICONA/O simulations are funded through the NextGEMS project by the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme (grant agreement no. 101003470). ICONA simulations are funded through the MONSOON-2.0 project (grant agreement no. 01LP1927A) which is supported from German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). J.B. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant (grant agreement no. 101034413). B.S. acknowledges funding from the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme (grant agreement no. 101003470). C.M. gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, grant agreement no. 805041). article_number: eadj6801 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Jiawei full_name: Bao, Jiawei id: bb9a7399-fefd-11ed-be3c-ae648fd1d160 last_name: Bao - first_name: Bjorn full_name: Stevens, Bjorn last_name: Stevens - first_name: Lukas full_name: Kluft, Lukas last_name: Kluft - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: Bao J, Stevens B, Kluft L, Muller CJ. Intensification of daily tropical precipitation extremes from more organized convection. Science Advances. 2024;10(8). doi:10.1126/sciadv.adj6801 apa: Bao, J., Stevens, B., Kluft, L., & Muller, C. J. (2024). Intensification of daily tropical precipitation extremes from more organized convection. Science Advances. American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj6801 chicago: Bao, Jiawei, Bjorn Stevens, Lukas Kluft, and Caroline J Muller. “Intensification of Daily Tropical Precipitation Extremes from More Organized Convection.” Science Advances. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj6801. ieee: J. Bao, B. Stevens, L. Kluft, and C. J. Muller, “Intensification of daily tropical precipitation extremes from more organized convection,” Science Advances, vol. 10, no. 8. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024. ista: Bao J, Stevens B, Kluft L, Muller CJ. 2024. Intensification of daily tropical precipitation extremes from more organized convection. Science Advances. 10(8), eadj6801. mla: Bao, Jiawei, et al. “Intensification of Daily Tropical Precipitation Extremes from More Organized Convection.” Science Advances, vol. 10, no. 8, eadj6801, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024, doi:10.1126/sciadv.adj6801. short: J. Bao, B. Stevens, L. Kluft, C.J. Muller, Science Advances 10 (2024). date_created: 2024-03-03T23:00:50Z date_published: 2024-02-23T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-04T12:11:18Z day: '23' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6801 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001300045100007' pmid: - '38394192' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: d4ec4f05a6d14745057e14d1b8bf45ae content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-03-04T07:34:00Z date_updated: 2024-03-04T07:34:00Z file_id: '15051' file_name: 2024_ScienceAdv_Bao.pdf file_size: 800926 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-03-04T07:34:00Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 10' isi: 1 issue: '8' language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '101034413' name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program' - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Science Advances publication_identifier: eissn: - 2375-2548 publication_status: published publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on ISTA Website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/cloud-clustering-causes-more-extreme-rain/ scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Intensification of daily tropical precipitation extremes from more organized convection tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 10 year: '2024' ... --- APC_amount: 2940 EUR DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '15186' abstract: - lang: eng text: The elimination of rain evaporation in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) has been found to lead to convective self‐aggregation (CSA) even without radiative feedback, but the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. We conducted cloud‐resolving simulations with two domain sizes and progressively reduced rain evaporation in the PBL. Surprisingly, CSA only occurred when rain evaporation was almost completely removed. The additional convective heating resulting from the reduction of evaporative cooling in the moist patch was found to be the trigger, thereafter a dry subsidence intrusion into the PBL in the dry patch takes over and sets CSA in motion. Temperature and moisture anomalies oppose each other in their buoyancy effects, hence explaining the need for almost total rain evaporation removal. We also found radiative cooling and not cold pools to be the leading cause for the comparative ease of CSA to take place in the larger domain. acknowledgement: "YLH is supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant 101034413. CM gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant 805041). The authors warmly thank Steven Sherwood, Jiawei Bao, Bidyut Goswami, and Martin Janssens for stimulating and helpful discussions. They also thank Christopher Holloway and an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful feedback that greatly improved this manuscript.\r\n" article_number: ' e2023GL106523' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Yi-Ling full_name: Hwong, Yi-Ling id: 1217aa61-4dd1-11ec-9ac3-f2ba3f17ee22 last_name: Hwong orcid: 0000-0001-9281-3479 - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: Hwong Y-L, Muller CJ. The unreasonable efficiency of total rain evaporation removal in triggering convective self‐aggregation. Geophysical Research Letters. 2024;51(6). doi:10.1029/2023gl106523 apa: Hwong, Y.-L., & Muller, C. J. (2024). The unreasonable efficiency of total rain evaporation removal in triggering convective self‐aggregation. Geophysical Research Letters. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gl106523 chicago: Hwong, Yi-Ling, and Caroline J Muller. “The Unreasonable Efficiency of Total Rain Evaporation Removal in Triggering Convective Self‐aggregation.” Geophysical Research Letters. Wiley, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gl106523. ieee: Y.-L. Hwong and C. J. Muller, “The unreasonable efficiency of total rain evaporation removal in triggering convective self‐aggregation,” Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 51, no. 6. Wiley, 2024. ista: Hwong Y-L, Muller CJ. 2024. The unreasonable efficiency of total rain evaporation removal in triggering convective self‐aggregation. Geophysical Research Letters. 51(6), e2023GL106523. mla: Hwong, Yi-Ling, and Caroline J. Muller. “The Unreasonable Efficiency of Total Rain Evaporation Removal in Triggering Convective Self‐aggregation.” Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 51, no. 6, e2023GL106523, Wiley, 2024, doi:10.1029/2023gl106523. short: Y.-L. Hwong, C.J. Muller, Geophysical Research Letters 51 (2024). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2024-03-25T10:27:30Z date_published: 2024-03-19T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-04T13:16:39Z day: '19' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1029/2023gl106523 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001187002300001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: eacb011091a503b9e7b748fef639ba4c content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-03-25T11:28:25Z date_updated: 2024-03-25T11:28:25Z file_id: '15187' file_name: 2024_GeophysResLetters_Hwong.pdf file_size: 1280108 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-03-25T11:28:25Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 51' isi: 1 issue: '6' keyword: - General Earth and Planetary Sciences - Geophysics language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '101034413' name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program' - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Geophysical Research Letters publication_identifier: eissn: - 1944-8007 issn: - 0094-8276 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '19307' relation: research_data status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The unreasonable efficiency of total rain evaporation removal in triggering convective self‐aggregation tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 51 year: '2024' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '15313' abstract: - lang: eng text: Our goal is to investigate fundamental properties of the system of internally cooled convection. The system consists of an upward thermal flux at the lower boundary, a mean temperature lapse-rate and a constant cooling term in the bulk with the bulk cooling in thermal equilibrium with the input heat flux. This simple model represents idealised dry convection in the atmospheric boundary layer, where the cooling mimics the radiative cooling to space notably through longwave radiation. We perform linear stability analysis of the model for different values of the mean stratification to derive the critical forcing above which the fluid is convectively unstable to small perturbations. The dynamic behavior of the fluid system is described and the scaling of various important measured quantities such as the total vertical convective heat flux and the upward mass flux is measured. We introduce a lapse-rate dependent dimensionless Rayleigh-number Ray that determines the behavior of the system, finding that the convective heat-flux and mass-flux scale approximately as Ray0.5 and Ray0.7 respectively. The area-fraction of the domain that is occupied by upward and downward moving fluid and the skewness of the vertical velocity are studied to understand the asymmetry inherent in the system. We conclude with a short discussion on the relevance to atmospheric convection and the scope for further investigations of atmospheric convection using similar simplified approaches. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: ScienComp acknowledgement: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska–Curie grant agreement No. 101034413. CM gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp). article_number: '108011' article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Lokahith N full_name: Agasthya, Lokahith N id: cd100965-0804-11ed-9c55-f4878ff4e877 last_name: Agasthya - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: Agasthya LN, Muller CJ. Dynamics and scaling of internally cooled convection. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. 2024;134. doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2024.108011 apa: Agasthya, L. N., & Muller, C. J. (2024). Dynamics and scaling of internally cooled convection. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2024.108011 chicago: Agasthya, Lokahith N, and Caroline J Muller. “Dynamics and Scaling of Internally Cooled Convection.” Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. Elsevier, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2024.108011. ieee: L. N. Agasthya and C. J. Muller, “Dynamics and scaling of internally cooled convection,” Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 134. Elsevier, 2024. ista: Agasthya LN, Muller CJ. 2024. Dynamics and scaling of internally cooled convection. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. 134, 108011. mla: Agasthya, Lokahith N., and Caroline J. Muller. “Dynamics and Scaling of Internally Cooled Convection.” Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 134, 108011, Elsevier, 2024, doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2024.108011. short: L.N. Agasthya, C.J. Muller, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 134 (2024). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2024-04-14T22:01:01Z date_published: 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-04T13:37:48Z day: '01' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2024.108011 ec_funded: 1 external_id: arxiv: - '2311.04114' isi: - '001238294600001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 9b7c2b8281d0b7bc7f08e0468168324c content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-01-09T09:05:31Z date_updated: 2025-01-09T09:05:31Z file_id: '18795' file_name: 2024_CommNonlinear_Agasthya.pdf file_size: 1257925 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-01-09T09:05:31Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 134' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '101034413' name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program' - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation publication_identifier: issn: - 1007-5704 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Dynamics and scaling of internally cooled convection tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 134 year: '2024' ... --- _id: '17435' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The Mediterranean region is experiencing pronounced aridification and in certain areas higher occurrence of intense precipitation. In this work, we analyze the evolution of the precipitation probability distribution in terms of precipitating days (or “wet-days”) and all-days quantile trends, in Europe and the Mediterranean, using the ERA5 reanalysis. Looking at the form of wet-days quantile trends curves, we identify four regimes. Two are predominant: in most of northern Europe the precipitation quantiles all intensify, while in the Mediterranean the low-medium quantiles are mostly decreasing as extremes intensify or decrease. The wet-days distribution is then modeled by a Weibull law with two parameters, whose changes capture the four regimes. Assessing the significance of the parameters'' changes over 1950–2020 shows that a signal on wet-days distribution has already emerged in northern Europe (where the distribution shifts to more intense precipitation), but not yet in the Mediterranean, where the natural variability is stronger. We extend the results by describing the all-days distribution change as the wet-days’ change plus a contribution from the dry-days frequency change, and study their relative contribution. In northern Europe, the wet-days distribution change is the dominant driver, and the contribution of dry-days frequency change can be neglected for wet-days percentiles above about 50%. In the Mediterranean, however, the change of precipitation distribution comes from the significant increase of dry-days frequency instead of an intensity change during wet-days. Therefore, in the Mediterranean the increase of dry-days frequency is crucial for all-days trends, even for heavy precipitation.' acknowledgement: CJM gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No 805041). The authors also thank Samuel Somot (Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Toulouse) and Juliette Blanchet (Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Grenoble) for their fruitful discussions on the project. article_number: e2023JD040413 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Julie full_name: André, Julie last_name: André - first_name: Fabio full_name: D'Andrea, Fabio last_name: D'Andrea - first_name: Philippe full_name: Drobinski, Philippe last_name: Drobinski - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: 'André J, D’Andrea F, Drobinski P, Muller CJ. Regimes of precipitation change over Europe and the Mediterranean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2024;129(15). doi:10.1029/2023JD040413' apa: 'André, J., D’Andrea, F., Drobinski, P., & Muller, C. J. (2024). Regimes of precipitation change over Europe and the Mediterranean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD040413' chicago: 'André, Julie, Fabio D’Andrea, Philippe Drobinski, and Caroline J Muller. “Regimes of Precipitation Change over Europe and the Mediterranean.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. Wiley, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD040413.' ieee: 'J. André, F. D’Andrea, P. Drobinski, and C. J. Muller, “Regimes of precipitation change over Europe and the Mediterranean,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 129, no. 15. Wiley, 2024.' ista: 'André J, D’Andrea F, Drobinski P, Muller CJ. 2024. Regimes of precipitation change over Europe and the Mediterranean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 129(15), e2023JD040413.' mla: 'André, Julie, et al. “Regimes of Precipitation Change over Europe and the Mediterranean.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 129, no. 15, e2023JD040413, Wiley, 2024, doi:10.1029/2023JD040413.' short: 'J. André, F. D’Andrea, P. Drobinski, C.J. Muller, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 129 (2024).' date_created: 2024-08-18T22:01:04Z date_published: 2024-08-16T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-08T08:56:53Z day: '16' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1029/2023JD040413 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001285897600001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 71d7f966318e11ce474737f4e37405ef content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-08-19T06:32:21Z date_updated: 2024-08-19T06:32:21Z file_id: '17438' file_name: 2024_JGRAtmospheres_Andre.pdf file_size: 8126046 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-08-19T06:32:21Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 129' isi: 1 issue: '15' language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: 'Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres' publication_identifier: eissn: - 2169-8996 issn: - 2169-897X publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Regimes of precipitation change over Europe and the Mediterranean tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) short: CC BY-NC (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 129 year: '2024' ... --- _id: '14453' abstract: - lang: eng text: Squall lines are substantially influenced by the interaction of low-level shear with cold pools associated with convective downdrafts. Beyond an optimal shear amplitude, squall lines tend to orient themselves at an angle with respect to the low-level shear. While the mechanisms behind squall line orientation seem to be increasingly well understood, uncertainties remain on the implications of this orientation. Roca and Fiolleau (2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00015-4) show that long lived mesoscale convective systems, including squall lines, are disproportionately involved in rainfall extremes in the tropics. This article investigates the influence of the interaction between low-level shear and squall line outflow on squall line generated precipitation extrema in the tropics. Using a cloud resolving model, simulated squall lines in radiative convective equilibrium amid a shear-dominated regime (super optimal), a balanced regime (optimal), and an outflow dominated regime (suboptimal). Our results show that precipitation extremes in squall lines are 40% more intense in the case of optimal shear and remain 30% superior in the superoptimal regime relative to a disorganized case. With a theoretical scaling of precipitation extremes (C. Muller & Takayabu, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7130), we show that the condensation rates control the amplification of precipitation extremes in tropical squall lines, mainly due to its change in vertical mass flux (dynamic component). The reduction of dilution by entrainment explains half of this change, consistent with Mulholland et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-20-0299.1). The other half is explained by increased cloud-base velocity intensity in optimal and superoptimal squall lines. acknowledgement: The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041). This work is also supported by a PhD fellowship funded by the Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris-Saclay. Authors are also grateful to Benjamin Filider, who was of great help and support in the development of ideas. Eventually, we would like to thank Martin Singh, John M. Peters and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments and suggestions, which greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. article_number: e2022MS003477 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Sophie full_name: Abramian, Sophie last_name: Abramian - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 - first_name: Camille full_name: Risi, Camille last_name: Risi citation: ama: Abramian S, Muller CJ, Risi C. Extreme precipitation in tropical squall lines. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 2023;15(10). doi:10.1029/2022MS003477 apa: Abramian, S., Muller, C. J., & Risi, C. (2023). Extreme precipitation in tropical squall lines. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003477 chicago: Abramian, Sophie, Caroline J Muller, and Camille Risi. “Extreme Precipitation in Tropical Squall Lines.” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. Wiley, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003477. ieee: S. Abramian, C. J. Muller, and C. Risi, “Extreme precipitation in tropical squall lines,” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 15, no. 10. Wiley, 2023. ista: Abramian S, Muller CJ, Risi C. 2023. Extreme precipitation in tropical squall lines. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 15(10), e2022MS003477. mla: Abramian, Sophie, et al. “Extreme Precipitation in Tropical Squall Lines.” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 15, no. 10, e2022MS003477, Wiley, 2023, doi:10.1029/2022MS003477. short: S. Abramian, C.J. Muller, C. Risi, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15 (2023). date_created: 2023-10-29T23:01:15Z date_published: 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-11-05T09:00:44Z day: '01' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1029/2022MS003477 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001084933600001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 43e6a1a35b663843c7d3f8d0caaca1a5 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2023-10-30T13:31:42Z date_updated: 2023-10-30T13:31:42Z file_id: '14470' file_name: 2023_JAMES_Abramian.pdf file_size: 1975210 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2023-10-30T13:31:42Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 15' isi: 1 issue: '10' language: - iso: eng month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems publication_identifier: eissn: - 1942-2466 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Extreme precipitation in tropical squall lines tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 15 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '14654' abstract: - lang: eng text: Two assumptions commonly applied in convection schemes—the diagnostic and quasi-equilibrium assumptions—imply that convective activity (e.g., convective precipitation) is controlled only by the large-scale (macrostate) environment at the time. In contrast, numerical experiments indicate a “memory” or dependence of convection also on its own previous activity whereby subgrid-scale (microstate) structures boost but are also boosted by convection. In this study we investigated this memory by comparing single-column model behavior in two idealized tests previously executed by a cloud-resolving model (CRM). Conventional convection schemes that employ the diagnostic assumption fail to reproduce the CRM behavior. The memory-capable org and Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Zoom cold pool schemes partially capture the behavior, but fail to fully exhibit the strong reinforcing feedbacks implied by the CRM. Analysis of this failure suggests that it is because the CRM supports a linear (or superlinear) dependence of the subgrid structure growth rate on the precipitation rate, while the org scheme assumes a sublinear dependence. Among varying versions of the org scheme, the growth rate of the org variable representing subgrid structure is strongly associated with memory strength. These results demonstrate the importance of parameterizing convective memory, and the ability of idealized tests to reveal shortcomings of convection schemes and constrain model structural assumptions. acknowledgement: YLH is supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101034413. CJM gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041). YLH and SCS were supported by the Australian Research Council (FL150100035). The authors thank Brian Mapes, David Fuchs and Siwon Song for stimulating and helpful discussions. MC warmly thanks the LMD team in Paris for their assistance with the LMDZ model. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that greatly improved this manuscript. article_number: e2023MS003726 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Yi-Ling full_name: Hwong, Yi-Ling id: 1217aa61-4dd1-11ec-9ac3-f2ba3f17ee22 last_name: Hwong orcid: 0000-0001-9281-3479 - first_name: M. full_name: Colin, M. last_name: Colin - first_name: Philipp full_name: Aglas, Philipp id: 02eace56-97fc-11ee-b81a-f0939ca85a77 last_name: Aglas - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 - first_name: S. C. full_name: Sherwood, S. C. last_name: Sherwood citation: ama: Hwong Y-L, Colin M, Aglas P, Muller CJ, Sherwood SC. Assessing memory in convection schemes using idealized tests. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 2023;15(12). doi:10.1029/2023MS003726 apa: Hwong, Y.-L., Colin, M., Aglas, P., Muller, C. J., & Sherwood, S. C. (2023). Assessing memory in convection schemes using idealized tests. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003726 chicago: Hwong, Yi-Ling, M. Colin, Philipp Aglas, Caroline J Muller, and S. C. Sherwood. “Assessing Memory in Convection Schemes Using Idealized Tests.” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. Wiley, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003726. ieee: Y.-L. Hwong, M. Colin, P. Aglas, C. J. Muller, and S. C. Sherwood, “Assessing memory in convection schemes using idealized tests,” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 15, no. 12. Wiley, 2023. ista: Hwong Y-L, Colin M, Aglas P, Muller CJ, Sherwood SC. 2023. Assessing memory in convection schemes using idealized tests. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 15(12), e2023MS003726. mla: Hwong, Yi-Ling, et al. “Assessing Memory in Convection Schemes Using Idealized Tests.” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 15, no. 12, e2023MS003726, Wiley, 2023, doi:10.1029/2023MS003726. short: Y.-L. Hwong, M. Colin, P. Aglas, C.J. Muller, S.C. Sherwood, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15 (2023). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2023-12-10T23:00:57Z date_published: 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-09T13:35:40Z day: '01' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1029/2023MS003726 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001110801100001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 4d060b293da3d203de8769e398edf711 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2023-12-11T08:08:44Z date_updated: 2023-12-11T08:08:44Z file_id: '14670' file_name: 2023_JAMES_Hwong.pdf file_size: 2783677 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2023-12-11T08:08:44Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 15' isi: 1 issue: '12' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems publication_identifier: eissn: - 1942-2466 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '14991' relation: research_data status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Assessing memory in convection schemes using idealized tests tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 15 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '14752' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Radiative cooling of the lowest atmospheric levels is of strong importance for modulating atmospheric circulations and organizing convection, but detailed observations and a robust theoretical understanding are lacking. Here we use unprecedented observational constraints from subsidence regimes in the tropical Atlantic to develop a theory for the shape and magnitude of low‐level longwave radiative cooling in clear‐sky, showing peaks larger than 5–10 K/day at the top of the boundary layer. A suite of novel scaling approximations is first developed from simplified spectral theory, in close agreement with the measurements. The radiative cooling peak height is set by the maximum lapse rate in water vapor path, and its magnitude is mainly controlled by the ratio of column relative humidity above and below the peak. We emphasize how elevated intrusions of moist air can reduce low‐level cooling, by sporadically shading the spectral range which effectively cools to space. The efficiency of this spectral shading depends both on water content and altitude of moist intrusions; its height dependence cannot be explained by the temperature difference between the emitting and absorbing layers, but by the decrease of water vapor extinction with altitude. This analytical work can help to narrow the search for low‐level cloud patterns sensitive to radiative‐convective feedbacks: the most organized patterns with largest cloud fractions occur in atmospheres below 10% relative humidity and feel the strongest low‐level cooling. This motivates further assessment of favorable conditions for radiative‐convective feedbacks and a robust quantification of corresponding shallow cloud dynamics in current and warmer climates.' acknowledgement: The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviews and gratefully acknowledge diverse funding agencies and resources used for this work. B.F. and C.M. thank funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, grant agreement no. 805041), and the EUREC4A campaign organizers for giving the opportunity to take part to the campaign and use the data early on. R. P. was supported by the US National Science Foundation (award AGS 19–16908), by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (award NA200AR4310375), and the Vetlesen Foundation. article_number: e2023AV000880 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: B. full_name: Fildier, B. last_name: Fildier - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 - first_name: R. full_name: Pincus, R. last_name: Pincus - first_name: S. full_name: Fueglistaler, S. last_name: Fueglistaler citation: ama: Fildier B, Muller CJ, Pincus R, Fueglistaler S. How moisture shapes low‐level radiative cooling in subsidence regimes. AGU Advances. 2023;4(3). doi:10.1029/2023av000880 apa: Fildier, B., Muller, C. J., Pincus, R., & Fueglistaler, S. (2023). How moisture shapes low‐level radiative cooling in subsidence regimes. AGU Advances. American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023av000880 chicago: Fildier, B., Caroline J Muller, R. Pincus, and S. Fueglistaler. “How Moisture Shapes Low‐level Radiative Cooling in Subsidence Regimes.” AGU Advances. American Geophysical Union, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023av000880. ieee: B. Fildier, C. J. Muller, R. Pincus, and S. Fueglistaler, “How moisture shapes low‐level radiative cooling in subsidence regimes,” AGU Advances, vol. 4, no. 3. American Geophysical Union, 2023. ista: Fildier B, Muller CJ, Pincus R, Fueglistaler S. 2023. How moisture shapes low‐level radiative cooling in subsidence regimes. AGU Advances. 4(3), e2023AV000880. mla: Fildier, B., et al. “How Moisture Shapes Low‐level Radiative Cooling in Subsidence Regimes.” AGU Advances, vol. 4, no. 3, e2023AV000880, American Geophysical Union, 2023, doi:10.1029/2023av000880. short: B. Fildier, C.J. Muller, R. Pincus, S. Fueglistaler, AGU Advances 4 (2023). date_created: 2024-01-08T13:07:49Z date_published: 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-09T14:13:05Z day: '01' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1029/2023av000880 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '000989037900001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: af773220a9fa194c61a8dc2fae092c16 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-01-09T08:51:25Z date_updated: 2024-01-09T08:51:25Z file_id: '14761' file_name: 2023_AGUAdvances_Fildier.pdf file_size: 24149551 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-01-09T08:51:25Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 4' isi: 1 issue: '3' keyword: - General Earth and Planetary Sciences language: - iso: eng month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: AGU Advances publication_identifier: eissn: - 2576-604X publication_status: published publisher: American Geophysical Union quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: How moisture shapes low‐level radiative cooling in subsidence regimes tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 4 year: '2023' ...