[{"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public","id":"18144"},{"relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public","id":"19401"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Janik, Marian","last_name":"Janik","first_name":"Marian","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"month":"01","oa":1,"day":"27","year":"2025","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"date_created":"2025-01-27T09:48:44Z","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"has_accepted_license":"1","date_published":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Franco De Palma, Mahya Khorramshahi, Fabian Oppliger, Thomas Reisinger, Pasquale Scarlino and Xiao Xue for helpful discussions. We thank Simon Robson for proofreading the manuscript. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation and the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project. This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) DOI:10.55776/P32235, DOI:10.55776/I5060 and DOI:10.55776/P36507. For Open Access purposes, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission. M.J. acknowledges funding from FellowQUTE 2024-01. I.M.P. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG – German Research Foundation) under project number 450396347 (GeHoldeQED). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. We acknowledge support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+). This research work has been funded by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC's Quantum Technologies Platform (QTEP). ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD program. AGM has received funding from Grant RYC2021-033479-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. The authors acknowledge the use of instrumentation and the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy Center at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB) funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is a founding member of e-DREAM.","file_date_updated":"2025-01-27T11:27:35Z","OA_place":"repository","abstract":[{"text":"Research Data for publication 'Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors'","lang":"eng"}],"corr_author":"1","citation":{"ista":"Janik M. 2025. Research data for publication ‘Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886</a>.","mla":"Janik, Marian. <i>Research Data for Publication “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.”</i> Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886</a>.","ama":"Janik M. Research data for publication “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors.” 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886</a>","apa":"Janik, M. (2025). Research data for publication “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886</a>","short":"M. Janik, (2025).","chicago":"Janik, Marian. “Research Data for Publication ‘Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886</a>.","ieee":"M. Janik, “Research data for publication ‘Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","project":[{"_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452","grant_number":"101069515","name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology"},{"_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices"},{"grant_number":"P36507","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","grant_number":"I05060","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1"}],"type":"research_data","oa_version":"Published Version","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"contributor":[{"id":"53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef","first_name":"Kevin Etienne Robert","last_name":"Roux","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Carla N","last_name":"Borja Espinosa","id":"18777c01-896a-11ed-bdf8-e4851dc07d16"},{"id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","last_name":"Sagi","first_name":"Oliver","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"id":"160D87FA-96B5-11E9-BF77-7626E6697425","first_name":"Abdulhamid","last_name":"Baghdadi","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Adletzberger","first_name":"Thomas","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra"},{"contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Botifoll"},{"first_name":"Alba Garzón","last_name":"Manjón","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Arbiol"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"first_name":"Ioan M.","last_name":"Pop","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","contributor_type":"researcher"}],"title":"Research data for publication 'Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors'","ddc":["530"],"_id":"18886","file":[{"file_size":1017,"relation":"main_file","creator":"arashid","file_id":"18893","success":1,"content_type":"text/plain","date_created":"2025-01-27T11:27:30Z","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2025-01-27T11:27:30Z","file_name":"readme.txt","checksum":"977dffed4bec3c7d6315aa1cbd19e8a7"},{"creator":"arashid","file_id":"18894","relation":"main_file","file_size":33815056,"file_name":"research_data.zip","checksum":"7ab5e3e65ddf59bbf3622ace8a0cda1c","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2025-01-27T11:27:35Z","content_type":"application/zip","date_created":"2025-01-27T11:27:35Z","success":1}],"article_processing_charge":"No","OA_type":"gold","doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886","date_updated":"2026-05-20T06:34:50Z","status":"public"},{"publication_status":"published","status":"public","date_updated":"2026-05-20T06:34:51Z","intvolume":"        16","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","OA_type":"gold","_id":"19401","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2025-03-17T10:53:32Z","success":1,"file_name":"2025_NatureComm_Janik.pdf","checksum":"a9383dd978ca2c50b7dded6c0bb2cd49","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2025-03-17T10:53:32Z","relation":"main_file","file_size":6364878,"creator":"dernst","file_id":"19415"}],"ddc":["530"],"title":"Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"JoFi"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","project":[{"grant_number":"101069515","name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"},{"_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235"},{"_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1","grant_number":"I05060","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins"},{"_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","grant_number":"P36507"},{"_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"101034413","name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program"},{"name":"FWF Open Access Fund","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1"}],"ec_funded":1,"DOAJ_listed":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","arxiv":1,"citation":{"short":"M. Janik, K.E.R. Roux, C.N. Borja Espinosa, O. Sagi, A. Baghdadi, T. Adletzberger, S. Calcaterra, M. Botifoll, A. Garzón Manjón, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, I.M. Pop, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 16 (2025).","chicago":"Janik, Marian, Kevin Etienne Robert Roux, Carla N Borja Espinosa, Oliver Sagi, Abdulhamid Baghdadi, Thomas Adletzberger, Stefano Calcaterra, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>.","apa":"Janik, M., Roux, K. E. R., Borja Espinosa, C. N., Sagi, O., Baghdadi, A., Adletzberger, T., … Katsaros, G. (2025). Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>","ieee":"M. Janik <i>et al.</i>, “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16. Springer Nature, 2025.","ista":"Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, Sagi O, Baghdadi A, Adletzberger T, Calcaterra S, Botifoll M, Garzón Manjón A, Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Pop IM, Katsaros G. 2025. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. Nature Communications. 16, 2103.","ama":"Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, et al. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2025;16. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4\">10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>","mla":"Janik, Marian, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16, 2103, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4\">10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>."},"corr_author":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"High kinetic inductance superconductors are gaining increasing interest for the realisation of qubits, amplifiers and detectors. Moreover, thanks to their high impedance, quantum buses made of such materials enable large zero-point fluctuations of the voltage, boosting the coupling rates to spin and charge qubits. However, fully exploiting the potential of disordered or granular superconductors is challenging, as their inductance and, therefore, impedance at high values are difficult to control. Here, we report a reproducible fabrication of granular aluminium resonators by developing a wireless ohmmeter, which allows in situ measurements during film deposition and, therefore, control of the kinetic inductance of granular aluminium films. Reproducible fabrication of circuits with impedances (inductances) exceeding 13 kΩ (1 nH per square) is now possible. By integrating a 7.9 kΩ resonator with a germanium double quantum dot, we demonstrate strong charge-photon coupling with a rate of gc/2π = 566 ± 2 MHz. This broadly applicable method opens the path for novel qubits and high-fidelity, long-distance two-qubit gates."}],"publication":"Nature Communications","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"OA_place":"publisher","date_published":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["001434774800001"],"arxiv":["2407.03079"],"pmid":["40025007"]},"file_date_updated":"2025-03-17T10:53:32Z","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Franco De Palma, Mahya Khorramshahi, Fabian Oppliger, Thomas Reisinger, Pasquale Scarlino and Xiao Xue for helpful discussions. We thank Simon Robson for proofreading the manuscript. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation and the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project. This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) https://doi.org/10.55776/P32235, https://doi.org/10.55776/I5060 and https://doi.org/10.55776/P36507. For Open Access purposes, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission. M.J. acknowledges funding from FellowQUTE 2024-01. K.R. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101034413. I.M.P. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - German Research Foundation) under project number 450396347 (GeHoldeQED). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. We acknowledge support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+). This research work has been funded by the European Commission - NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s Quantum Technologies Platform (QTEP). ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa programme from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD programme. AGM has received funding from Grant RYC2021-033479-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. The authors acknowledge the use of instrumentation and the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy Centre at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB) funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is a founding member of e-DREAM60.","pmid":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"APC_amount":"7068 EUR","publisher":"Springer Nature","isi":1,"volume":16,"date_created":"2025-03-16T23:01:23Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"year":"2025","article_number":"2103","day":"01","oa":1,"month":"03","author":[{"orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Marian","last_name":"Janik","full_name":"Janik, Marian"},{"first_name":"Kevin Etienne Robert","last_name":"Roux","id":"53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef","full_name":"Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert"},{"last_name":"Borja Espinosa","first_name":"Carla N","id":"18777c01-896a-11ed-bdf8-e4851dc07d16","full_name":"Borja Espinosa, Carla N"},{"id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Sagi","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver"},{"id":"160D87FA-96B5-11E9-BF77-7626E6697425","first_name":"Abdulhamid","last_name":"Baghdadi","full_name":"Baghdadi, Abdulhamid"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Adletzberger","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas"},{"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano"},{"full_name":"Botifoll, Marc","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Botifoll"},{"full_name":"Garzón Manjón, Alba","first_name":"Alba","last_name":"Garzón Manjón"},{"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Arbiol","full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi"},{"full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel"},{"full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"first_name":"Ioan M.","last_name":"Pop","full_name":"Pop, Ioan M."},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"earlier_version","id":"18144","status":"public"},{"id":"18886","status":"public","relation":"research_data"}]},"quality_controlled":"1"},{"year":"2024","day":"02","article_number":"169","date_created":"2024-01-14T23:00:56Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"volume":15,"author":[{"last_name":"Valentini","first_name":"Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","full_name":"Valentini, Marco"},{"id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","last_name":"Sagi","first_name":"Oliver","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver"},{"first_name":"Levon","last_name":"Baghumyan","id":"7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7","full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon"},{"id":"a0ece13c-b527-11ee-929d-bad130106eee","first_name":"Thijs","last_name":"de Gijsel","full_name":"de Gijsel, Thijs"},{"id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Jung","full_name":"Jung, Jason"},{"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano"},{"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea"},{"full_name":"Aguilera Servin, Juan L","first_name":"Juan L","last_name":"Aguilera Servin","id":"2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2862-8372"},{"id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","first_name":"Kushagra","last_name":"Aggarwal","full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra"},{"last_name":"Janik","first_name":"Marian","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Janik, Marian"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Adletzberger","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas"},{"last_name":"Seoane Souto","first_name":"Rubén","full_name":"Seoane Souto, Rubén"},{"full_name":"Leijnse, Martin","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Leijnse"},{"last_name":"Danon","first_name":"Jeroen","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen"},{"full_name":"Schrade, Constantin","first_name":"Constantin","last_name":"Schrade"},{"last_name":"Bakkers","first_name":"Erik","full_name":"Bakkers, Erik"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel"},{"last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"quality_controlled":"1","month":"01","oa":1,"publication":"Nature Communications","corr_author":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing interest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement semiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of new ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this work, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium hole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We demonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux tunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a regime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a sin(2y) CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this interpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with ≈ 100% efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards integration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected) superconducting qubits on  the same silicon technology compatible platform.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, de Gijsel T, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Aguilera Servin JL, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Seoane Souto R, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. Nature Communications. 15, 169.","ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2024;15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15, 169, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>.","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.L. Aguilera Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R. Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 15 (2024).","chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>.","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., de Gijsel, T., Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (2024). Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024."},"APC_amount":"6468 EUR","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"isi":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","has_accepted_license":"1","pmid":1,"OA_place":"publisher","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"date_published":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Francesco Giazotto, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano Scappucci, Christian Schonenberger, and Lukas Splitthoff for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the TEM analysis. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS\r\nFoundation. It was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research andinnovation programme under Grant Agreement No 862046, the HORIZONRIA\r\n101069515 project, the European Innovation Council Pathfinder grant no. 101115315 (QuKiT), and the FWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. R.S.S. acknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program\"\r\nProject No. 2022-T1/IND-24070. J.J. acknowledges European Research Council TOCINA 834290.","external_id":{"pmid":["38167818"],"isi":["001142794000839"]},"file_date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","article_type":"original","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"title":"Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","DOAJ_listed":"1","ec_funded":1,"project":[{"_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862046","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","grant_number":"101069515","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"},{"_id":"bdc2ca30-d553-11ed-ba76-cf164a5bb811","name":"Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons","grant_number":"101115315"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"grant_number":"P36507","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e","grant_number":"F8606","name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"FWF Open Access Fund","_id":"3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"        15","date_updated":"2025-10-15T06:31:47Z","publication_status":"published","status":"public","file":[{"file_id":"14825","creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","file_size":2336595,"date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"ef79173b45eeaf984ffa61ef2f8a52ab","file_name":"2024_NatureComm_Valentini.pdf","success":1,"date_created":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"_id":"14793","ddc":["530"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","OA_type":"gold"},{"oa":1,"author":[{"full_name":"De Palma, Franco","last_name":"De Palma","first_name":"Franco"},{"first_name":"Fabian","last_name":"Oppliger","full_name":"Oppliger, Fabian"},{"last_name":"Jang","first_name":"Wonjin","full_name":"Jang, Wonjin"},{"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Bosco","full_name":"Bosco, Stefano"},{"full_name":"Janik, Marian","last_name":"Janik","first_name":"Marian","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831"},{"full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano"},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios"},{"last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"full_name":"Loss, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Loss"},{"last_name":"Scarlino","first_name":"Pasquale","full_name":"Scarlino, Pasquale"}],"quality_controlled":"1","month":"12","volume":15,"year":"2024","day":"01","article_number":"10177","date_created":"2024-12-01T23:01:53Z","pmid":1,"OA_place":"publisher","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"date_published":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2024-12-03T11:00:15Z","acknowledgement":"The authors thank Simone Frasca, Vincent Jouanny, Guillaume Beaulieu, Camille Roy, Dominic Dahinden, Davide Lombardo, Daniel Chrastina, and Siddhart Gautam for contributing to some cleanroom fabrication steps, the measurement setup, device simulations, data analysis, and for the useful discussions. P.S. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through the grants Ref. No. 200021 200418 and Ref. No. 206021_205335, and from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number 01042765 SEFRI MB22.00081. W.J. acknowledges support from the EPFL QSE Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant. S.B., D.L., and P.S. acknowledge support from the NCCR Spin Qubit in Silicon (NCCR-SPIN) Grant No. 51NF40-180604. M.J., G.K., G.I., and S.C. acknowledge support from the Horizon Europe Project IGNITE ID 101070193. G.K. acknowledges support from the FWF via the P32235 and I05060 projects.","external_id":{"pmid":["39580488"],"isi":["001362684200001"]},"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"publisher":"Springer Nature","isi":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in planar germanium (Ge) heterostructures have emerged as front-runners for future hole-based quantum processors. Here, we present strong coupling between a hole charge qubit, defined in a double quantum dot (DQD) in planar Ge, and microwave photons in a high-impedance (Zr = 1.3 kΩ) resonator based on an array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). Our investigation reveals vacuum-Rabi splittings with coupling strengths up to g0/2π = 260 MHz, and a cooperativity of C ~ 100, dependent on DQD tuning. Furthermore, utilizing the frequency tunability of our resonator, we explore the quenched energy splitting associated with strong Coulomb correlation effects in Ge QDs. The observed enhanced coherence of the strongly correlated excited state signals the presence of distinct symmetries within related spin functions, serving as a precursor to the strong coupling between photons and spin-charge hybrid qubits in planar Ge. This work paves the way towards coherent quantum connections between remote hole qubits in planar Ge, required to scale up hole-based quantum processors."}],"citation":{"ieee":"F. De Palma <i>et al.</i>, “Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge degree and strongly correlated states,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024.","chicago":"De Palma, Franco, Fabian Oppliger, Wonjin Jang, Stefano Bosco, Marian Janik, Stefano Calcaterra, Georgios Katsaros, Giovanni Isella, Daniel Loss, and Pasquale Scarlino. “Strong Hole-Photon Coupling in Planar Ge for Probing Charge Degree and Strongly Correlated States.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7</a>.","short":"F. De Palma, F. Oppliger, W. Jang, S. Bosco, M. Janik, S. Calcaterra, G. Katsaros, G. Isella, D. Loss, P. Scarlino, Nature Communications 15 (2024).","apa":"De Palma, F., Oppliger, F., Jang, W., Bosco, S., Janik, M., Calcaterra, S., … Scarlino, P. (2024). Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge degree and strongly correlated states. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7</a>","ama":"De Palma F, Oppliger F, Jang W, et al. Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge degree and strongly correlated states. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2024;15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7\">10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7</a>","mla":"De Palma, Franco, et al. “Strong Hole-Photon Coupling in Planar Ge for Probing Charge Degree and Strongly Correlated States.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15, 10177, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7\">10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7</a>.","ista":"De Palma F, Oppliger F, Jang W, Bosco S, Janik M, Calcaterra S, Katsaros G, Isella G, Loss D, Scarlino P. 2024. Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge degree and strongly correlated states. Nature Communications. 15, 10177."},"publication":"Nature Communications","DOAJ_listed":"1","project":[{"call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","grant_number":"I05060","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"title":"Strong hole-photon coupling in planar Ge for probing charge degree and strongly correlated states","article_type":"original","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","file":[{"date_created":"2024-12-03T11:00:15Z","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"checksum":"ef9f99a84089c388904cc8aa8d89c55a","file_name":"2024_NatureComm_dePalma.pdf","date_updated":"2024-12-03T11:00:15Z","access_level":"open_access","file_size":5288092,"relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","file_id":"18611"}],"_id":"18602","ddc":["530"],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","OA_type":"gold","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-08T14:46:06Z","publication_status":"published","status":"public","doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-54520-7","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"        15"},{"date_updated":"2026-06-03T07:16:03Z","status":"public","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.15479/at:ista:18129","degree_awarded":"PhD","ddc":["539"],"file":[{"checksum":"dc15958f6400b5bdaa28bf58fc7a4056","file_name":"janik_thesis.zip","embargo_to":"open_access","date_updated":"2025-05-23T22:30:09Z","access_level":"closed","date_created":"2024-09-23T17:15:09Z","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","creator":"mjanik","file_id":"18130","relation":"source_file","file_size":156207943},{"checksum":"74737aee285dc1f491643327350efe9c","file_name":"janik_thesis_pdfa.pdf","date_updated":"2025-05-23T22:30:09Z","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2024-09-23T17:15:30Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"18131","creator":"mjanik","embargo":"2025-05-23","relation":"main_file","file_size":96195684}],"_id":"18129","article_processing_charge":"No","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"supervisor":[{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"GeKa"}],"title":"Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors","type":"dissertation","oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1","grant_number":"I05060","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins"},{"grant_number":"P36507","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","grant_number":"101069515","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"},{"_id":"eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2","name":"Protected states of quantum matter"}],"page":"164","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"State-of-the-art quantum computers, with roughly a thousand qubits, face a crucial technological challenge of scaling up. Spins confined in quantum dots (QDs) are a promising candidate\r\nfor qubits due to their long coherence, tunability, control, and readout. However, their natural\r\ncoupling is the short-ranged (∼ 100 nm) exchange interaction, limited to nearest neighbours.\r\nLong-ranged (∼ 1 mm) qubit interactions mediated by a photon could be engineered through a\r\ncoherent spin-photon coupling. Achieving a strong coupling to a photon is inherently challenging in QDs due to the small dipole moment of the confined charge. However, the potential of\r\nhigh-impedance resonators to compensate for this has gained significant attention in the past\r\ndecade. Nevertheless, previous QD circuit quantum electrodynamics implementations have not\r\nexceeded the impedance of ∼ 3.8 kΩ, leaving opportunities for significant improvement. The\r\nlarge kinetic inductance of granular aluminium (grAl) could provide an order-of-magnitude\r\nenhancement. However, fully exploiting the potential of disordered or granular superconductors\r\nis challenging as their impedances close to the superconductor-to-insulator transition are\r\ndifficult to control reproducibly. We report on the realization of a wireless ohmmeter which\r\nallows in situ resistance measurements during film deposition and, therefore, indirect control\r\nof the kinetic inductance of grAl films. This allows us to reproducibly fabricate resonators\r\nwith characteristic impedance exceeding the resistance quantum, even reaching 22.3 kW, due\r\nto the large sheet kinetic inductance of up to 3 nH □−1\r\n. By integrating an 8 kW resonator\r\nwith a germanium double QD, we demonstrate a strong charge-photon coupling with the\r\nhighest rate reported, 566 MHz. The demonstrated method and grAl properties make these\r\nresonators suitable for boosting the spin-photon coupling strength, a crucial requirement for\r\nfast, high-fidelity, long-distance two-qubit gates.\r\n"}],"corr_author":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Janik, Marian. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129</a>.","short":"M. Janik, Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.","apa":"Janik, M. (2024). <i>Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129</a>","ieee":"M. Janik, “Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.","ista":"Janik M. 2024. Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Janik M. Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129\">10.15479/at:ista:18129</a>","mla":"Janik, Marian. <i>Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129\">10.15479/at:ista:18129</a>."},"date_published":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2025-05-23T22:30:09Z","OA_place":"publisher","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"has_accepted_license":"1","day":"24","year":"2024","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"date_created":"2024-09-23T17:25:43Z","oa":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Janik, Marian","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","first_name":"Marian","last_name":"Janik"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"18144","status":"public"}]},"month":"09"},{"arxiv":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","project":[{"name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","grant_number":"101069515","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"},{"name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","grant_number":"P36507"},{"grant_number":"I05060","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1"}],"type":"preprint","oa_version":"Preprint","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"JoFi"}],"title":"Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors","_id":"18144","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079","date_updated":"2026-07-26T22:30:43Z","status":"public","publication_status":"draft","author":[{"id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","first_name":"Marian","last_name":"Janik","full_name":"Janik, Marian"},{"last_name":"Roux","first_name":"Kevin Etienne Robert","id":"53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef","full_name":"Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert"},{"first_name":"Carla N","last_name":"Borja Espinosa","id":"18777c01-896a-11ed-bdf8-e4851dc07d16","full_name":"Borja Espinosa, Carla N"},{"id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Sagi","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver"},{"last_name":"Baghdadi","first_name":"Abdulhamid","id":"160D87FA-96B5-11E9-BF77-7626E6697425","full_name":"Baghdadi, Abdulhamid"},{"full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Adletzberger","first_name":"Thomas"},{"full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano"},{"full_name":"Botifoll, Marc","last_name":"Botifoll","first_name":"Marc"},{"first_name":"Alba Garzón","last_name":"Manjón","full_name":"Manjón, Alba Garzón"},{"full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi","first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Arbiol"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel"},{"last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"full_name":"Pop, Ioan M.","last_name":"Pop","first_name":"Ioan M."},{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"18886","relation":"research_data"},{"status":"public","id":"19401","relation":"later_version"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"18129"}]},"month":"07","oa":1,"day":"03","article_number":"2407.03079","year":"2024","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"date_created":"2024-09-26T09:50:43Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_published":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Franco De Palma, Mahya Khorramshahi, Fabian Oppliger, Thomas Reisinger, Pasquale Scarlino and Xiao Xue for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project, the FWF Projects with DOI:10.55776/P32235, DOI:10.55776/I5060 and DOI:10.55776/P36507. IMP acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG – German Research Foundation) under project number 450396347 (GeHoldeQED). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. We acknowledge support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+). This research work has been funded by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s\r\nQuantum Technologies Platform (QTEP). ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD program. AGM has received funding from Grant RYC2021-033479-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. The authors\r\nacknowledge the use of instrumentation and the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy Center at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB) funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development\r\nFund (ERDF), with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is a founding member of e-DREAM [60].","external_id":{"arxiv":["2407.03079"]},"OA_place":"repository","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079"}],"publication":"arXiv","abstract":[{"text":"High kinetic inductance superconductors are gaining increasing interest for\r\nthe realisation of qubits, amplifiers and detectors. Moreover, thanks to their\r\nhigh impedance, quantum buses made of such materials enable large zero-point\r\nfluctuations of the voltage, boosting the coupling rates to spin and charge\r\nqubits. However, fully exploiting the potential of disordered or granular\r\nsuperconductors is challenging, as their inductance and, therefore, impedance\r\nat high values are difficult to control. Here we have integrated a granular\r\naluminium resonator, having a characteristic impedance exceeding the resistance\r\nquantum, with a germanium double quantum dot and demonstrate strong\r\ncharge-photon coupling with a rate of $g_\\text{c}/2\\pi= (566 \\pm 2)$ MHz. This\r\nwas achieved due to the realisation of a wireless ohmmeter, which allows\r\n\\emph{in situ} measurements during film deposition and, therefore, control of\r\nthe kinetic inductance of granular aluminium films. Reproducible fabrication of\r\ncircuits with impedances (inductances) exceeding 13 k$\\Omega$ (1 nH per square)\r\nis now possible. This broadly applicable method opens the path for novel qubits\r\nand high-fidelity, long-distance two-qubit gates.","lang":"eng"}],"corr_author":"1","citation":{"ieee":"M. Janik <i>et al.</i>, “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","chicago":"Janik, Marian, Kevin Etienne Robert Roux, Carla N Borja Espinosa, Oliver Sagi, Abdulhamid Baghdadi, Thomas Adletzberger, Stefano Calcaterra, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular  Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>.","short":"M. Janik, K.E.R. Roux, C.N. Borja Espinosa, O. Sagi, A. Baghdadi, T. Adletzberger, S. Calcaterra, M. Botifoll, A.G. Manjón, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, I.M. Pop, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).","apa":"Janik, M., Roux, K. E. R., Borja Espinosa, C. N., Sagi, O., Baghdadi, A., Adletzberger, T., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>","ama":"Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, et al. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079\">10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>","mla":"Janik, Marian, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular  Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2407.03079, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079\">10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>.","ista":"Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, Sagi O, Baghdadi A, Adletzberger T, Calcaterra S, Botifoll M, Manjón AG, Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Pop IM, Katsaros G. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors. arXiv, 2407.03079."}},{"year":"2023","article_number":"2306.07109","day":"13","date_created":"2023-07-26T11:17:20Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"oa":1,"author":[{"last_name":"Valentini","first_name":"Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","full_name":"Valentini, Marco"},{"full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Sagi"},{"full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon","first_name":"Levon","last_name":"Baghumyan"},{"last_name":"Gijsel","first_name":"Thijs de","full_name":"Gijsel, Thijs de"},{"id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Jung","full_name":"Jung, Jason"},{"full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano"},{"last_name":"Ballabio","first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea"},{"full_name":"Servin, Juan Aguilera","last_name":"Servin","first_name":"Juan Aguilera"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","first_name":"Kushagra","last_name":"Aggarwal","full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra"},{"full_name":"Janik, Marian","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Janik","first_name":"Marian"},{"full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","last_name":"Adletzberger","first_name":"Thomas","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Souto, Rubén Seoane","first_name":"Rubén Seoane","last_name":"Souto"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Leijnse","full_name":"Leijnse, Martin"},{"full_name":"Danon, Jeroen","last_name":"Danon","first_name":"Jeroen"},{"full_name":"Schrade, Constantin","last_name":"Schrade","first_name":"Constantin"},{"first_name":"Erik","last_name":"Bakkers","full_name":"Bakkers, Erik"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Isella","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"13286","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"month":"06","corr_author":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing\r\ninterest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement\r\nsemiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of\r\nnew ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this\r\nwork, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium\r\nhole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We\r\ndemonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux\r\ntunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference\r\ndevice (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a\r\nregime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a $ \\sin\r\n\\left( 2 \\varphi \\right)$ CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this\r\ninterpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with $ \\approx\r\n100 \\%$ efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards monolithic\r\nintegration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected)\r\nsuperconducting qubits on a silicon technology compatible platform."}],"citation":{"ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, Gijsel T de, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Servin JA, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Souto RS, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. arXiv, 2306.07109.","ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2306.07109, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.A. Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.S. Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).","chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., Gijsel, T. de, Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas,” <i>arXiv</i>. ."},"publication":"arXiv","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","open_access":"1"}],"OA_place":"repository","date_published":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2306.07109"]},"acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano\r\nScappucci and Christian Schonenberger for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the\r\nTEM analysis. This research and related results were made\r\npossible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation. It was\r\nsupported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the\r\nnanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020\r\nresearch and innovation programme under Grant Agreement\r\nNo 862046, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the\r\nFWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. R.S.S.\r\nacknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program” Project No.\r\n2022-T1/IND-24070.","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"title":"Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas","keyword":["Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics"],"oa_version":"Preprint","type":"preprint","ec_funded":1,"project":[{"_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","grant_number":"862046","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","grant_number":"P36507","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"grant_number":"F8606","name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"},{"_id":"eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2","name":"Protected states of quantum matter"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","arxiv":1,"date_updated":"2026-04-07T13:27:22Z","publication_status":"draft","status":"public","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","_id":"13312","ddc":["530"],"article_processing_charge":"No","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"date_created":"2020-05-01T15:14:46Z","year":"2020","day":"01","month":"05","author":[{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"8203","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"oa":1,"citation":{"mla":"Katsaros, Georgios. <i>Supplementary Data for “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.”</i> Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>.","ama":"Katsaros G. Supplementary data for “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots.” 2020. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>","ista":"Katsaros G. 2020. Supplementary data for ‘Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>.","ieee":"G. Katsaros, “Supplementary data for ‘Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.","apa":"Katsaros, G. (2020). Supplementary data for “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>","short":"G. Katsaros, (2020).","chicago":"Katsaros, Georgios. “Supplementary Data for ‘Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>."},"corr_author":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"These are the supplementary research data to the publication \"Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots\". All matrix files have the same format. Within each column the bias voltage is changed. Each column corresponds to either a different gate voltage or magnetic field. The voltage values are given in mV, the current values in pA. Find a specific description in the included Readme file.\r\n"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_0.png","short":"CC0 (1.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)"},"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","date_published":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:02Z","oa_version":"Published Version","type":"research_data","title":"Supplementary data for \"Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots\"","contributor":[{"last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","contributor_type":"contact_person"}],"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","project":[{"name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","grant_number":"862046","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices"}],"ec_funded":1,"license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689","status":"public","date_updated":"2025-04-15T08:39:16Z","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"7689","file":[{"file_size":5514403,"relation":"main_file","creator":"gkatsaro","file_id":"7786","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","date_created":"2020-05-01T15:13:28Z","file_name":"DOI_ZeroFieldSplitting.zip","checksum":"d23c0cb9e2d19e14e2f902b88b97c05d","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:02Z"}],"ddc":["530"]},{"type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","article_type":"original","title":"Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","page":"5201-5206","project":[{"call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"862046","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"}],"ec_funded":1,"intvolume":"        20","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466","scopus_import":"1","status":"public","issue":"7","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-04-15T08:39:16Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","ddc":["530"],"_id":"8203","file":[{"creator":"dernst","file_id":"8204","relation":"main_file","file_size":3308906,"access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-08-06T09:35:37Z","file_name":"2020_NanoLetters_Katsaros.pdf","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2020-08-06T09:35:37Z"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"date_created":"2020-08-06T09:25:04Z","day":"01","year":"2020","volume":20,"month":"06","quality_controlled":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"7689","relation":"research_data"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios"},{"full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Kukucka","first_name":"Josip"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Vukušić","first_name":"Lada","full_name":"Vukušić, Lada"},{"full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","first_name":"Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Gao","first_name":"Fei","full_name":"Gao, Fei"},{"full_name":"Wang, Ting","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Ting","orcid":"0000-0002-4619-9575"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Jian-Jun","first_name":"Jian-Jun","last_name":"Zhang"},{"first_name":"Karsten","last_name":"Held","full_name":"Held, Karsten"}],"oa":1,"publication":"Nano Letters","citation":{"chicago":"Katsaros, Georgios, Josip Kukucka, Lada Vukušić, Hannes Watzinger, Fei Gao, Ting Wang, Jian-Jun Zhang, and Karsten Held. “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.” <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>.","short":"G. Katsaros, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, H. Watzinger, F. Gao, T. Wang, J.-J. Zhang, K. Held, Nano Letters 20 (2020) 5201–5206.","apa":"Katsaros, G., Kukucka, J., Vukušić, L., Watzinger, H., Gao, F., Wang, T., … Held, K. (2020). Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>","ieee":"G. Katsaros <i>et al.</i>, “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 20, no. 7. American Chemical Society, pp. 5201–5206, 2020.","ista":"Katsaros G, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Watzinger H, Gao F, Wang T, Zhang J-J, Held K. 2020. Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. Nano Letters. 20(7), 5201–5206.","ama":"Katsaros G, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, et al. Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2020;20(7):5201-5206. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>","mla":"Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 20, no. 7, American Chemical Society, 2020, pp. 5201–06, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>."},"abstract":[{"text":"Using inelastic cotunneling spectroscopy we observe a zero field splitting within the spin triplet manifold of Ge hut wire quantum dots. The states with spin ±1 in the confinement direction are energetically favored by up to 55 μeV compared to the spin 0 triplet state because of the strong spin–orbit coupling. The reported effect should be observable in a broad class of strongly confined hole quantum-dot systems and might need to be considered when operating hole spin qubits.","lang":"eng"}],"corr_author":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"publisher":"American Chemical Society","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"acknowledgement":"We acknowledge G. Burkard, V. N. Golovach, C. Kloeffel, D.Loss, P. Rabl, and M. Rancič ́ for helpful discussions. We\r\nfurther acknowledge T. Adletzberger, J. Aguilera, T. Asenov, S. Bagiante, T. Menner, L. Shafeek, P. Taus, P. Traunmüller, and D. Waldhausl for their invaluable assistance. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, by the FWF-P 32235 project, by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0301701, 2016YFA0300600), and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 862046. All data of this publication are available at 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689.","file_date_updated":"2020-08-06T09:35:37Z","date_published":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["000548893200066"],"pmid":["32479090"]},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1530-6984"],"eissn":["1530-6992"]},"pmid":1},{"citation":{"chicago":"Gao, Fei, Jian-Huan Wang, Hannes Watzinger, Hao Hu, Marko J. Rančić, Jie-Yin Zhang, Ting Wang, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523</a>.","short":"F. Gao, J.-H. Wang, H. Watzinger, H. Hu, M.J. Rančić, J.-Y. Zhang, T. Wang, Y. Yao, G.-L. Wang, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, C. Kloeffel, D. Loss, F. Liu, G. Katsaros, J.-J. Zhang, Advanced Materials 32 (2020).","apa":"Gao, F., Wang, J.-H., Watzinger, H., Hu, H., Rančić, M. J., Zhang, J.-Y., … Zhang, J.-J. (2020). Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523</a>","ieee":"F. Gao <i>et al.</i>, “Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling,” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 32, no. 16. Wiley, 2020.","ista":"Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, Hu H, Rančić MJ, Zhang J-Y, Wang T, Yao Y, Wang G-L, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Kloeffel C, Loss D, Liu F, Katsaros G, Zhang J-J. 2020. Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. Advanced Materials. 32(16), 1906523.","ama":"Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, et al. Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. 2020;32(16). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">10.1002/adma.201906523</a>","mla":"Gao, Fei, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 32, no. 16, 1906523, Wiley, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">10.1002/adma.201906523</a>."},"abstract":[{"text":"Semiconductor nanowires have been playing a crucial role in the development of nanoscale devices for the realization of spin qubits, Majorana fermions, single photon emitters, nanoprocessors, etc. The monolithic growth of site‐controlled nanowires is a prerequisite toward the next generation of devices that will require addressability and scalability. Here, combining top‐down nanofabrication and bottom‐up self‐assembly, the growth of Ge wires on prepatterned Si (001) substrates with controllable position, distance, length, and structure is reported. This is achieved by a novel growth process that uses a SiGe strain‐relaxation template and can be potentially generalized to other material combinations. Transport measurements show an electrically tunable spin–orbit coupling, with a spin–orbit length similar to that of III–V materials. Also, charge sensing between quantum dots in closely spaced wires is observed, which underlines their potential for the realization of advanced quantum devices. The reported results open a path toward scalable qubit devices using nanowires on silicon.","lang":"eng"}],"corr_author":"1","publication":"Advanced Materials","date_published":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["000516660900001"],"pmid":["32105375"]},"file_date_updated":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0301701 and 2016YFA0300600), the NSFC (Grant Nos. 11574356, 11434010, and 11404252), the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB30000000), the ERC Starting Grant No. 335497, the FWF P32235 project, and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement #862046. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility. F.L. thanks support from DOE (Grant No. DE‐FG02‐04ER46148). H.H. thanks the Startup Funding from Xi'an Jiaotong University.","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0935-9648"]},"pmid":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","publisher":"Wiley","isi":1,"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"volume":32,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"date_created":"2020-02-28T09:47:00Z","day":"23","article_number":"1906523","year":"2020","oa":1,"month":"04","quality_controlled":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"9222"},{"status":"public","id":"7996","relation":"dissertation_contains"},{"relation":"other","status":"public","id":"17444"}]},"author":[{"last_name":"Gao","first_name":"Fei","full_name":"Gao, Fei"},{"full_name":"Wang, Jian-Huan","first_name":"Jian-Huan","last_name":"Wang"},{"full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger"},{"first_name":"Hao","last_name":"Hu","full_name":"Hu, Hao"},{"first_name":"Marko J.","last_name":"Rančić","full_name":"Rančić, Marko J."},{"last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Jie-Yin","full_name":"Zhang, Jie-Yin"},{"first_name":"Ting","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Ting"},{"last_name":"Yao","first_name":"Yuan","full_name":"Yao, Yuan"},{"full_name":"Wang, Gui-Lei","first_name":"Gui-Lei","last_name":"Wang"},{"full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Kukucka","first_name":"Josip"},{"full_name":"Vukušić, Lada","last_name":"Vukušić","first_name":"Lada","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Kloeffel","first_name":"Christoph","full_name":"Kloeffel, Christoph"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Loss","full_name":"Loss, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Feng","last_name":"Liu","full_name":"Liu, Feng"},{"first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"},{"first_name":"Jian-Jun","last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Jian-Jun"}],"status":"public","issue":"16","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-06-18T17:54:46Z","intvolume":"        32","doi":"10.1002/adma.201906523","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","ddc":["530"],"file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_size":5242880,"creator":"dernst","file_id":"8782","date_created":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"checksum":"c622737dc295972065782558337124a2","file_name":"2020_AdvancedMaterials_Gao.pdf","date_updated":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"_id":"7541","title":"Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","article_type":"original","project":[{"_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium self assembled hut-wires","grant_number":"335497"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862046","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"ec_funded":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}]