[{"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"isi":1,"publication":"Nature Communications","date_updated":"2025-04-14T13:10:03Z","file_date_updated":"2023-09-25T08:32:37Z","scopus_import":"1","ec_funded":1,"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"mla":"Riedl, Michael, et al. “Synchronization in Collectively Moving Inanimate and Living Active Matter.” Nature Communications, vol. 14, 5633, Springer Nature, 2023, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41432-1.","short":"M. Riedl, I.D. Mayer, J. Merrin, M.K. Sixt, B. Hof, Nature Communications 14 (2023).","ieee":"M. Riedl, I. D. Mayer, J. Merrin, M. K. Sixt, and B. Hof, “Synchronization in collectively moving inanimate and living active matter,” Nature Communications, vol. 14. Springer Nature, 2023.","apa":"Riedl, M., Mayer, I. D., Merrin, J., Sixt, M. K., & Hof, B. (2023). Synchronization in collectively moving inanimate and living active matter. Nature Communications. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41432-1","ama":"Riedl M, Mayer ID, Merrin J, Sixt MK, Hof B. Synchronization in collectively moving inanimate and living active matter. Nature Communications. 2023;14. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41432-1","ista":"Riedl M, Mayer ID, Merrin J, Sixt MK, Hof B. 2023. Synchronization in collectively moving inanimate and living active matter. Nature Communications. 14, 5633.","chicago":"Riedl, Michael, Isabelle D Mayer, Jack Merrin, Michael K Sixt, and Björn Hof. “Synchronization in Collectively Moving Inanimate and Living Active Matter.” Nature Communications. Springer Nature, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41432-1."},"day":"13","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"14361","abstract":[{"text":"Whether one considers swarming insects, flocking birds, or bacterial colonies, collective motion arises from the coordination of individuals and entails the adjustment of their respective velocities. In particular, in close confinements, such as those encountered by dense cell populations during development or regeneration, collective migration can only arise coordinately. Yet, how individuals unify their velocities is often not understood. Focusing on a finite number of cells in circular confinements, we identify waves of polymerizing actin that function as a pacemaker governing the speed of individual cells. We show that the onset of collective motion coincides with the synchronization of the wave nucleation frequencies across the population. Employing a simpler and more readily accessible mechanical model system of active spheres, we identify the synchronization of the individuals’ internal oscillators as one of the essential requirements to reach the corresponding collective state. The mechanical ‘toy’ experiment illustrates that the global synchronous state is achieved by nearest neighbor coupling. We suggest by analogy that local coupling and the synchronization of actin waves are essential for the emergent, self-organized motion of cell collectives.","lang":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["001087583700030"],"pmid":["37704595"]},"date_published":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","year":"2023","ddc":["530","570"],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","intvolume":" 14","article_number":"5633","project":[{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"281556"},{"_id":"25FE9508-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"724373","name":"Cellular Navigation Along Spatial Gradients"}],"article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"MiSi"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"BjHo"}],"month":"09","volume":14,"author":[{"first_name":"Michael","id":"3BE60946-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-4844-6311","full_name":"Riedl, Michael","last_name":"Riedl"},{"first_name":"Isabelle D","id":"61763940-15b2-11ec-abd3-cfaddfbc66b4","last_name":"Mayer","full_name":"Mayer, Isabelle D"},{"id":"4515C308-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jack","orcid":"0000-0001-5145-4609","last_name":"Merrin","full_name":"Merrin, Jack"},{"last_name":"Sixt","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","first_name":"Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2057-2754","first_name":"Björn","id":"3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hof, Björn","last_name":"Hof"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank K. O’Keeffe, E. Hannezo, P. Devreotes, C. Dessalles, and E. Martens for discussion and/or critical reading of the manuscript; the Bioimaging Facility of ISTA for excellent support, as well as the Life Science Facility and the Miba Machine Shop of ISTA. This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC StG 281556 and CoG 724373) to M.S.","oa":1,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-41432-1","pmid":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"corr_author":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_size":2317272,"date_created":"2023-09-25T08:32:37Z","checksum":"82d2d4ad736cc8493db8ce45cd313f7b","file_name":"2023_NatureComm_Riedl.pdf","file_id":"14366","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2023-09-25T08:32:37Z","relation":"main_file"}],"publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Synchronization in collectively moving inanimate and living active matter","date_created":"2023-09-24T22:01:10Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]}},{"file":[{"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2020-11-24T13:25:13Z","creator":"dernst","file_id":"8801","checksum":"cb0b9c77842ae1214caade7b77e4d82d","file_name":"2020_JCellBiol_Kopf.pdf","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":7536712,"date_created":"2020-11-24T13:25:13Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"publication_status":"published","date_created":"2020-05-24T22:00:56Z","title":"Microtubules control cellular shape and coherence in amoeboid migrating cells","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1540-8140"]},"volume":219,"author":[{"last_name":"Kopf","full_name":"Kopf, Aglaja","id":"31DAC7B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Aglaja","orcid":"0000-0002-2187-6656"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2856-3369","id":"3F0587C8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jörg","full_name":"Renkawitz, Jörg","last_name":"Renkawitz"},{"last_name":"Hauschild","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","first_name":"Robert","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Irute","full_name":"Girkontaite, Irute","last_name":"Girkontaite"},{"full_name":"Tedford, Kerry","last_name":"Tedford","first_name":"Kerry"},{"last_name":"Merrin","full_name":"Merrin, Jack","first_name":"Jack","id":"4515C308-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-5145-4609"},{"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Thorn-Seshold","full_name":"Thorn-Seshold, Oliver"},{"full_name":"Trauner, Dirk","last_name":"Trauner","id":"E8F27F48-3EBA-11E9-92A1-B709E6697425","first_name":"Dirk"},{"full_name":"Häcker, Hans","last_name":"Häcker","first_name":"Hans"},{"full_name":"Fischer, Klaus Dieter","last_name":"Fischer","first_name":"Klaus Dieter"},{"full_name":"Kiermaier, Eva","last_name":"Kiermaier","orcid":"0000-0001-6165-5738","first_name":"Eva","id":"3EB04B78-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","last_name":"Sixt","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K"}],"month":"06","department":[{"_id":"MiSi"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"project":[{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"281556"},{"name":"Cellular Navigation Along Spatial Gradients","grant_number":"724373","_id":"25FE9508-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"P29911","_id":"26018E70-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Mechanical adaptation of lamellipodial actin"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"252C3B08-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"W1250-B20","name":"Nano-Analytics of Cellular Systems"},{"call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"291734","name":"International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme"},{"name":"Molecular and system level view of immune cell migration","grant_number":"ALTF 1396-2014","_id":"25A48D24-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"article_type":"original","doi":"10.1083/jcb.201907154","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"The authors thank the Scientific Service Units (Life Sciences, Bioimaging, Preclinical) of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria for excellent support. This work was funded by the European Research Council (ERC StG 281556 and CoG 724373), two grants from the Austrian\r\nScience Fund (FWF; P29911 and DK Nanocell W1250-B20 to M. Sixt) and by the German Research Foundation (DFG SFB1032 project B09) to O. Thorn-Seshold and D. Trauner. J. Renkawitz was supported by ISTFELLOW funding from the People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the Research Executive Agency grant agreement (291734) and a European Molecular Biology Organization long-term fellowship (ALTF 1396-2014) co-funded by the European Commission (LTFCOFUND2013, GA-2013-609409), E. Kiermaier by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2151—390873048, and H. Hacker by the American Lebanese Syrian Associated ¨Charities. K.-D. Fischer was supported by the Analysis, Imaging and Modelling of Neuronal and Inflammatory Processes graduate school funded by the Ministry of Economics, Science, and Digitisation of the State Saxony-Anhalt and by the European Funds for Social and Regional Development.","pmid":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","corr_author":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","citation":{"ista":"Kopf A, Renkawitz J, Hauschild R, Girkontaite I, Tedford K, Merrin J, Thorn-Seshold O, Trauner D, Häcker H, Fischer KD, Kiermaier E, Sixt MK. 2020. Microtubules control cellular shape and coherence in amoeboid migrating cells. The Journal of Cell Biology. 219(6), e201907154.","ama":"Kopf A, Renkawitz J, Hauschild R, et al. Microtubules control cellular shape and coherence in amoeboid migrating cells. The Journal of Cell Biology. 2020;219(6). doi:10.1083/jcb.201907154","chicago":"Kopf, Aglaja, Jörg Renkawitz, Robert Hauschild, Irute Girkontaite, Kerry Tedford, Jack Merrin, Oliver Thorn-Seshold, et al. “Microtubules Control Cellular Shape and Coherence in Amoeboid Migrating Cells.” The Journal of Cell Biology. Rockefeller University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201907154.","short":"A. Kopf, J. Renkawitz, R. Hauschild, I. Girkontaite, K. Tedford, J. Merrin, O. Thorn-Seshold, D. Trauner, H. Häcker, K.D. Fischer, E. Kiermaier, M.K. Sixt, The Journal of Cell Biology 219 (2020).","ieee":"A. Kopf et al., “Microtubules control cellular shape and coherence in amoeboid migrating cells,” The Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 219, no. 6. Rockefeller University Press, 2020.","mla":"Kopf, Aglaja, et al. “Microtubules Control Cellular Shape and Coherence in Amoeboid Migrating Cells.” The Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 219, no. 6, e201907154, Rockefeller University Press, 2020, doi:10.1083/jcb.201907154.","apa":"Kopf, A., Renkawitz, J., Hauschild, R., Girkontaite, I., Tedford, K., Merrin, J., … Sixt, M. K. (2020). Microtubules control cellular shape and coherence in amoeboid migrating cells. The Journal of Cell Biology. Rockefeller University Press. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201907154"},"day":"01","has_accepted_license":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["32379884"],"isi":["000538141100020"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"7875","abstract":[{"text":"Cells navigating through complex tissues face a fundamental challenge: while multiple protrusions explore different paths, the cell needs to avoid entanglement. How a cell surveys and then corrects its own shape is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that spatially distinct microtubule dynamics regulate amoeboid cell migration by locally promoting the retraction of protrusions. In migrating dendritic cells, local microtubule depolymerization within protrusions remote from the microtubule organizing center triggers actomyosin contractility controlled by RhoA and its exchange factor Lfc. Depletion of Lfc leads to aberrant myosin localization, thereby causing two effects that rate-limit locomotion: (1) impaired cell edge coordination during path finding and (2) defective adhesion resolution. Compromised shape control is particularly hindering in geometrically complex microenvironments, where it leads to entanglement and ultimately fragmentation of the cell body. We thus demonstrate that microtubules can act as a proprioceptive device: they sense cell shape and control actomyosin retraction to sustain cellular coherence.","lang":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","article_number":"e201907154","intvolume":" 219","ddc":["570"],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","year":"2020","publication":"The Journal of Cell Biology","date_updated":"2025-04-14T13:10:03Z","isi":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"PreCl"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-11-24T13:25:13Z","issue":"6","ec_funded":1,"scopus_import":"1","status":"public"},{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2020","intvolume":" 582","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/793919"}],"OA_place":"repository","date_published":"2020-06-25T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","external_id":{"pmid":["32581372"],"isi":["000532688300008"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Eukaryotic cells migrate by coupling the intracellular force of the actin cytoskeleton to the environment. While force coupling is usually mediated by transmembrane adhesion receptors, especially those of the integrin family, amoeboid cells such as leukocytes can migrate extremely fast despite very low adhesive forces1. Here we show that leukocytes cannot only migrate under low adhesion but can also transmit forces in the complete absence of transmembrane force coupling. When confined within three-dimensional environments, they use the topographical features of the substrate to propel themselves. Here the retrograde flow of the actin cytoskeleton follows the texture of the substrate, creating retrograde shear forces that are sufficient to drive the cell body forwards. Notably, adhesion-dependent and adhesion-independent migration are not mutually exclusive, but rather are variants of the same principle of coupling retrograde actin flow to the environment and thus can potentially operate interchangeably and simultaneously. As adhesion-free migration is independent of the chemical composition of the environment, it renders cells completely autonomous in their locomotive behaviour."}],"_id":"7885","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"25","citation":{"ista":"Reversat A, Gärtner FR, Merrin J, Stopp JA, Tasciyan S, Aguilera Servin JL, de Vries I, Hauschild R, Hons M, Piel M, Callan-Jones A, Voituriez R, Sixt MK. 2020. Cellular locomotion using environmental topography. Nature. 582, 582–585.","ama":"Reversat A, Gärtner FR, Merrin J, et al. Cellular locomotion using environmental topography. Nature. 2020;582:582–585. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z","chicago":"Reversat, Anne, Florian R Gärtner, Jack Merrin, Julian A Stopp, Saren Tasciyan, Juan L Aguilera Servin, Ingrid de Vries, et al. “Cellular Locomotion Using Environmental Topography.” Nature. Springer Nature, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z.","short":"A. Reversat, F.R. Gärtner, J. Merrin, J.A. Stopp, S. Tasciyan, J.L. Aguilera Servin, I. de Vries, R. Hauschild, M. Hons, M. Piel, A. Callan-Jones, R. Voituriez, M.K. Sixt, Nature 582 (2020) 582–585.","ieee":"A. Reversat et al., “Cellular locomotion using environmental topography,” Nature, vol. 582. Springer Nature, pp. 582–585, 2020.","mla":"Reversat, Anne, et al. “Cellular Locomotion Using Environmental Topography.” Nature, vol. 582, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 582–585, doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z.","apa":"Reversat, A., Gärtner, F. R., Merrin, J., Stopp, J. A., Tasciyan, S., Aguilera Servin, J. L., … Sixt, M. K. (2020). Cellular locomotion using environmental topography. Nature. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z"},"page":"582–585","status":"public","scopus_import":"1","ec_funded":1,"isi":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"publication":"Nature","date_updated":"2026-04-27T22:30:54Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1476-4687"],"issn":["0028-0836"]},"OA_type":"green","oa_version":"Preprint","date_created":"2020-05-24T22:01:01Z","title":"Cellular locomotion using environmental topography","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Springer Nature","article_processing_charge":"No","related_material":{"link":[{"description":"News on IST Homepage","relation":"press_release","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/off-road-mode-enables-mobile-cells-to-move-freely/"}],"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"14697","status":"public"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"12401","status":"public"}]},"pmid":1,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank A. Leithner and J. Renkawitz for discussion and critical reading of the manuscript; J. Schwarz and M. Mehling for establishing the microfluidic setups; the Bioimaging Facility of IST Austria for excellent support, as well as the Life Science Facility and the Miba Machine Shop of IST Austria; and F. N. Arslan, L. E. Burnett and L. Li for their work during their rotation in the IST PhD programme. This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC StG 281556 and CoG 724373) to M.S. and grants from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF P29911) and the WWTF to M.S. M.H. was supported by the European Regional Development Fund Project (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000476). F.G. received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 747687.","month":"06","department":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"MiSi"}],"project":[{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","grant_number":"281556","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"Cellular Navigation Along Spatial Gradients","_id":"25FE9508-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"724373"},{"name":"Mechanical adaptation of lamellipodial actin","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"26018E70-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"P29911"},{"name":"Mechanical Adaptation of Lamellipodial Actin Networks in Migrating Cells","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260AA4E2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"747687"}],"article_type":"original","volume":582,"author":[{"full_name":"Reversat, Anne","last_name":"Reversat","id":"35B76592-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Anne","orcid":"0000-0003-0666-8928"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6120-3723","first_name":"Florian R","id":"397A88EE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Gärtner","full_name":"Gärtner, Florian R"},{"last_name":"Merrin","full_name":"Merrin, Jack","orcid":"0000-0001-5145-4609","id":"4515C308-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jack"},{"id":"489E3F00-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Julian A","full_name":"Stopp, Julian A","last_name":"Stopp"},{"last_name":"Tasciyan","full_name":"Tasciyan, Saren","orcid":"0000-0003-1671-393X","first_name":"Saren","id":"4323B49C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Aguilera Servin, Juan L","last_name":"Aguilera Servin","orcid":"0000-0002-2862-8372","id":"2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Juan L"},{"id":"4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ingrid","last_name":"De Vries","full_name":"De Vries, Ingrid"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Robert","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","last_name":"Hauschild"},{"full_name":"Hons, Miroslav","last_name":"Hons","orcid":"0000-0002-6625-3348","id":"4167FE56-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Miroslav"},{"last_name":"Piel","full_name":"Piel, Matthieu","first_name":"Matthieu"},{"full_name":"Callan-Jones, Andrew","last_name":"Callan-Jones","first_name":"Andrew"},{"first_name":"Raphael","last_name":"Voituriez","full_name":"Voituriez, Raphael"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Michael K","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","last_name":"Sixt"}]},{"publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Submitted Version","date_created":"2019-04-17T06:52:28Z","title":"Nuclear positioning facilitates amoeboid migration along the path of least resistance","oa":1,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-019-1087-5","department":[{"_id":"MiSi"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"month":"04","article_type":"letter_note","project":[{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"281556"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"25FE9508-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"724373","name":"Cellular Navigation Along Spatial Gradients"},{"name":"Nano-Analytics of Cellular Systems","_id":"265FAEBA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"W01250-B20"},{"grant_number":"291734","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme"},{"name":"Molecular and system level view of immune cell migration","grant_number":"ALTF 1396-2014","_id":"25A48D24-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Renkawitz, Jörg","last_name":"Renkawitz","id":"3F0587C8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jörg","orcid":"0000-0003-2856-3369"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2187-6656","first_name":"Aglaja","id":"31DAC7B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Kopf, Aglaja","last_name":"Kopf"},{"first_name":"Julian A","id":"489E3F00-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Stopp, Julian A","last_name":"Stopp"},{"first_name":"Ingrid","id":"4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"de Vries, Ingrid","last_name":"de Vries"},{"full_name":"Driscoll, Meghan K.","last_name":"Driscoll","first_name":"Meghan K."},{"id":"4515C308-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jack","orcid":"0000-0001-5145-4609","last_name":"Merrin","full_name":"Merrin, Jack"},{"first_name":"Robert","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","last_name":"Hauschild","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert"},{"first_name":"Erik S.","last_name":"Welf","full_name":"Welf, Erik S."},{"first_name":"Gaudenz","full_name":"Danuser, Gaudenz","last_name":"Danuser"},{"first_name":"Reto","full_name":"Fiolka, Reto","last_name":"Fiolka"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Michael K","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","last_name":"Sixt"}],"volume":568,"publisher":"Springer Nature","article_processing_charge":"No","related_material":{"link":[{"description":"News on IST Homepage","relation":"press_release","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/leukocytes-use-their-nucleus-as-a-ruler-to-choose-path-of-least-resistance/"}],"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"14697","status":"public"},{"status":"public","id":"6891","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"pmid":1,"quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","external_id":{"pmid":["30944468"],"isi":["000465594200050"]},"_id":"6328","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"During metazoan development, immune surveillance and cancer dissemination, cells migrate in complex three-dimensional microenvironments1,2,3. These spaces are crowded by cells and extracellular matrix, generating mazes with differently sized gaps that are typically smaller than the diameter of the migrating cell4,5. Most mesenchymal and epithelial cells and some—but not all—cancer cells actively generate their migratory path using pericellular tissue proteolysis6. By contrast, amoeboid cells such as leukocytes use non-destructive strategies of locomotion7, raising the question how these extremely fast cells navigate through dense tissues. Here we reveal that leukocytes sample their immediate vicinity for large pore sizes, and are thereby able to choose the path of least resistance. This allows them to circumnavigate local obstacles while effectively following global directional cues such as chemotactic gradients. Pore-size discrimination is facilitated by frontward positioning of the nucleus, which enables the cells to use their bulkiest compartment as a mechanical gauge. Once the nucleus and the closely associated microtubule organizing centre pass the largest pore, cytoplasmic protrusions still lingering in smaller pores are retracted. These retractions are coordinated by dynamic microtubules; when microtubules are disrupted, migrating cells lose coherence and frequently fragment into migratory cytoplasmic pieces. As nuclear positioning in front of the microtubule organizing centre is a typical feature of amoeboid migration, our findings link the fundamental organization of cellular polarity to the strategy of locomotion."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"25","citation":{"short":"J. Renkawitz, A. Kopf, J.A. Stopp, I. de Vries, M.K. Driscoll, J. Merrin, R. Hauschild, E.S. Welf, G. Danuser, R. Fiolka, M.K. Sixt, Nature 568 (2019) 546–550.","ieee":"J. Renkawitz et al., “Nuclear positioning facilitates amoeboid migration along the path of least resistance,” Nature, vol. 568. Springer Nature, pp. 546–550, 2019.","mla":"Renkawitz, Jörg, et al. “Nuclear Positioning Facilitates Amoeboid Migration along the Path of Least Resistance.” Nature, vol. 568, Springer Nature, 2019, pp. 546–50, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1087-5.","apa":"Renkawitz, J., Kopf, A., Stopp, J. A., de Vries, I., Driscoll, M. K., Merrin, J., … Sixt, M. K. (2019). Nuclear positioning facilitates amoeboid migration along the path of least resistance. Nature. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1087-5","ista":"Renkawitz J, Kopf A, Stopp JA, de Vries I, Driscoll MK, Merrin J, Hauschild R, Welf ES, Danuser G, Fiolka R, Sixt MK. 2019. Nuclear positioning facilitates amoeboid migration along the path of least resistance. Nature. 568, 546–550.","ama":"Renkawitz J, Kopf A, Stopp JA, et al. Nuclear positioning facilitates amoeboid migration along the path of least resistance. Nature. 2019;568:546-550. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1087-5","chicago":"Renkawitz, Jörg, Aglaja Kopf, Julian A Stopp, Ingrid de Vries, Meghan K. Driscoll, Jack Merrin, Robert Hauschild, et al. “Nuclear Positioning Facilitates Amoeboid Migration along the Path of Least Resistance.” Nature. Springer Nature, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1087-5."},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","year":"2019","intvolume":" 568","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7217284/"}],"date_published":"2019-04-25T00:00:00Z","isi":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"SSU"}],"publication":"Nature","date_updated":"2026-04-27T22:30:34Z","status":"public","page":"546-550","scopus_import":"1","ec_funded":1},{"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:45:33Z","title":"Lymphatic exosomes promote dendritic cell migration along guidance cues","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","publist_id":"7627","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2252043,"date_created":"2018-12-17T12:50:07Z","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:45Z","file_id":"5704","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","checksum":"9c7eba51a35c62da8c13f98120b64df4","file_name":"2018_JournalCellBiology_Brown.pdf"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"corr_author":"1","publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","pmid":1,"oa":1,"doi":"10.1083/jcb.201612051","acknowledgement":"M. Brown was supported by the Cell Communication in Health and Disease Graduate Study Program of the Austrian Science Fund and Medizinische Universität Wien, M. Sixt by the European Research Council (ERC GA 281556) and an Austrian Science Fund START award, K.L. Bennett by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, D.G. Jackson and L.A. Johnson by Unit Funding (MC_UU_12010/2) and project grants from the Medical Research Council (G1100134 and MR/L008610/1), and M. Detmar by the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung and Advanced European Research Council grant LYVICAM. K. Vaahtomeri was supported by an Academy of Finland postdoctoral research grant (287853). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 668036 (RELENT).","volume":217,"author":[{"first_name":"Markus","id":"3DAB9AFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Brown, Markus","last_name":"Brown"},{"full_name":"Johnson, Louise","last_name":"Johnson","first_name":"Louise"},{"first_name":"Dario","full_name":"Leone, Dario","last_name":"Leone"},{"first_name":"Peter","full_name":"Májek, Peter","last_name":"Májek"},{"last_name":"Vaahtomeri","full_name":"Vaahtomeri, Kari","orcid":"0000-0001-7829-3518","first_name":"Kari","id":"368EE576-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Senfter","full_name":"Senfter, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Nora","last_name":"Bukosza","full_name":"Bukosza, Nora"},{"first_name":"Helga","last_name":"Schachner","full_name":"Schachner, Helga"},{"first_name":"Gabriele","full_name":"Asfour, Gabriele","last_name":"Asfour"},{"last_name":"Langer","full_name":"Langer, Brigitte","first_name":"Brigitte"},{"full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","last_name":"Hauschild","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","first_name":"Robert","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Parapatics, Katja","last_name":"Parapatics","first_name":"Katja"},{"first_name":"Young","last_name":"Hong","full_name":"Hong, Young"},{"first_name":"Keiryn","last_name":"Bennett","full_name":"Bennett, Keiryn"},{"first_name":"Renate","full_name":"Kain, Renate","last_name":"Kain"},{"full_name":"Detmar, Michael","last_name":"Detmar","first_name":"Michael"},{"full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","last_name":"Sixt","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Michael K","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179"},{"last_name":"Jackson","full_name":"Jackson, David","first_name":"David"},{"last_name":"Kerjaschki","full_name":"Kerjaschki, Dontscho","first_name":"Dontscho"}],"month":"04","department":[{"_id":"MiSi"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"project":[{"_id":"25A8E5EA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"Y 564-B12","name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes"},{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"281556"}],"intvolume":" 217","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","ddc":["570"],"year":"2018","date_published":"2018-04-12T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"pmid":["29650776"],"isi":["000438077800026"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"275","abstract":[{"text":"Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) release extracellular chemokines to guide the migration of dendritic cells. In this study, we report that LECs also release basolateral exosome-rich endothelial vesicles (EEVs) that are secreted in greater numbers in the presence of inflammatory cytokines and accumulate in the perivascular stroma of small lymphatic vessels in human chronic inflammatory diseases. Proteomic analyses of EEV fractions identified > 1,700 cargo proteins and revealed a dominant motility-promoting protein signature. In vitro and ex vivo EEV fractions augmented cellular protrusion formation in a CX3CL1/fractalkine-dependent fashion and enhanced the directional migratory response of human dendritic cells along guidance cues. We conclude that perilymphatic LEC exosomes enhance exploratory behavior and thus promote directional migration of CX3CR1-expressing cells in complex tissue environments.","lang":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","citation":{"ama":"Brown M, Johnson L, Leone D, et al. Lymphatic exosomes promote dendritic cell migration along guidance cues. Journal of Cell Biology. 2018;217(6):2205-2221. doi:10.1083/jcb.201612051","ista":"Brown M, Johnson L, Leone D, Májek P, Vaahtomeri K, Senfter D, Bukosza N, Schachner H, Asfour G, Langer B, Hauschild R, Parapatics K, Hong Y, Bennett K, Kain R, Detmar M, Sixt MK, Jackson D, Kerjaschki D. 2018. Lymphatic exosomes promote dendritic cell migration along guidance cues. Journal of Cell Biology. 217(6), 2205–2221.","chicago":"Brown, Markus, Louise Johnson, Dario Leone, Peter Májek, Kari Vaahtomeri, Daniel Senfter, Nora Bukosza, et al. “Lymphatic Exosomes Promote Dendritic Cell Migration along Guidance Cues.” Journal of Cell Biology. Rockefeller University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201612051.","mla":"Brown, Markus, et al. “Lymphatic Exosomes Promote Dendritic Cell Migration along Guidance Cues.” Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 217, no. 6, Rockefeller University Press, 2018, pp. 2205–21, doi:10.1083/jcb.201612051.","ieee":"M. Brown et al., “Lymphatic exosomes promote dendritic cell migration along guidance cues,” Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 217, no. 6. Rockefeller University Press, pp. 2205–2221, 2018.","short":"M. Brown, L. Johnson, D. Leone, P. Májek, K. Vaahtomeri, D. Senfter, N. Bukosza, H. Schachner, G. Asfour, B. Langer, R. Hauschild, K. Parapatics, Y. Hong, K. Bennett, R. Kain, M. Detmar, M.K. Sixt, D. Jackson, D. Kerjaschki, Journal of Cell Biology 217 (2018) 2205–2221.","apa":"Brown, M., Johnson, L., Leone, D., Májek, P., Vaahtomeri, K., Senfter, D., … Kerjaschki, D. (2018). Lymphatic exosomes promote dendritic cell migration along guidance cues. Journal of Cell Biology. Rockefeller University Press. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201612051"},"day":"12","has_accepted_license":"1","page":"2205 - 2221","status":"public","issue":"6","ec_funded":1,"scopus_import":"1","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:45Z","date_updated":"2025-04-14T13:10:20Z","publication":"Journal of Cell Biology","isi":1},{"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:10Z","title":"Chemokines and integrins independently tune actin flow and substrate friction during intranodal migration of T cells","oa_version":"Published Version","publist_id":"8040","publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","pmid":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"6891","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"acknowledgement":"This work was funded by grants from the European Research Council (ERC StG 281556 and CoG 724373) and the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) to M.S. and by Swiss National Foundation (SNF) project grants 31003A_135649, 31003A_153457 and CR23I3_156234 to J.V.S. F.G. received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 747687, and J.R. was funded by an EMBO long-term fellowship (ALTF 1396-2014).","doi":"10.1038/s41590-018-0109-z","oa":1,"volume":19,"author":[{"first_name":"Miroslav","id":"4167FE56-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6625-3348","last_name":"Hons","full_name":"Hons, Miroslav"},{"full_name":"Kopf, Aglaja","last_name":"Kopf","first_name":"Aglaja","id":"31DAC7B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2187-6656"},{"first_name":"Robert","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","last_name":"Hauschild","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert"},{"full_name":"Leithner, Alexander F","last_name":"Leithner","orcid":"0000-0002-1073-744X","first_name":"Alexander F","id":"3B1B77E4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6120-3723","id":"397A88EE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Florian R","last_name":"Gärtner","full_name":"Gärtner, Florian R"},{"full_name":"Abe, Jun","last_name":"Abe","first_name":"Jun"},{"first_name":"Jörg","id":"3F0587C8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2856-3369","last_name":"Renkawitz","full_name":"Renkawitz, Jörg"},{"last_name":"Stein","full_name":"Stein, Jens","first_name":"Jens"},{"last_name":"Sixt","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","first_name":"Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"project":[{"name":"Cellular Navigation Along Spatial Gradients","grant_number":"724373","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"25FE9508-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"260AA4E2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"747687","name":"Mechanical Adaptation of Lamellipodial Actin Networks in Migrating Cells"},{"grant_number":"ALTF 1396-2014","_id":"25A48D24-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Molecular and system level view of immune cell migration"},{"call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"281556","name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes"}],"department":[{"_id":"MiSi"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"month":"05","intvolume":" 19","year":"2018","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","date_published":"2018-05-18T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29777221"}],"_id":"15","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Although much is known about the physiological framework of T cell motility, and numerous rate-limiting molecules have been identified through loss-of-function approaches, an integrated functional concept of T cell motility is lacking. Here, we used in vivo precision morphometry together with analysis of cytoskeletal dynamics in vitro to deconstruct the basic mechanisms of T cell migration within lymphatic organs. We show that the contributions of the integrin LFA-1 and the chemokine receptor CCR7 are complementary rather than positioned in a linear pathway, as they are during leukocyte extravasation from the blood vasculature. Our data demonstrate that CCR7 controls cortical actin flows, whereas integrins mediate substrate friction that is sufficient to drive locomotion in the absence of considerable surface adhesions and plasma membrane flux.","lang":"eng"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["29777221"],"isi":["000433041500026"]},"type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","day":"18","citation":{"ama":"Hons M, Kopf A, Hauschild R, et al. Chemokines and integrins independently tune actin flow and substrate friction during intranodal migration of T cells. Nature Immunology. 2018;19(6):606-616. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0109-z","ista":"Hons M, Kopf A, Hauschild R, Leithner AF, Gärtner FR, Abe J, Renkawitz J, Stein J, Sixt MK. 2018. Chemokines and integrins independently tune actin flow and substrate friction during intranodal migration of T cells. Nature Immunology. 19(6), 606–616.","chicago":"Hons, Miroslav, Aglaja Kopf, Robert Hauschild, Alexander F Leithner, Florian R Gärtner, Jun Abe, Jörg Renkawitz, Jens Stein, and Michael K Sixt. “Chemokines and Integrins Independently Tune Actin Flow and Substrate Friction during Intranodal Migration of T Cells.” Nature Immunology. Nature Publishing Group, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-018-0109-z.","mla":"Hons, Miroslav, et al. “Chemokines and Integrins Independently Tune Actin Flow and Substrate Friction during Intranodal Migration of T Cells.” Nature Immunology, vol. 19, no. 6, Nature Publishing Group, 2018, pp. 606–16, doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0109-z.","short":"M. Hons, A. Kopf, R. Hauschild, A.F. Leithner, F.R. Gärtner, J. Abe, J. Renkawitz, J. Stein, M.K. Sixt, Nature Immunology 19 (2018) 606–616.","ieee":"M. Hons et al., “Chemokines and integrins independently tune actin flow and substrate friction during intranodal migration of T cells,” Nature Immunology, vol. 19, no. 6. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 606–616, 2018.","apa":"Hons, M., Kopf, A., Hauschild, R., Leithner, A. F., Gärtner, F. R., Abe, J., … Sixt, M. K. (2018). Chemokines and integrins independently tune actin flow and substrate friction during intranodal migration of T cells. Nature Immunology. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-018-0109-z"},"status":"public","page":"606 - 616","issue":"6","ec_funded":1,"scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2026-04-27T22:30:34Z","publication":"Nature Immunology","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"SSU"}],"isi":1},{"publist_id":"7428","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Lymph node blood vessels provide exit routes for metastatic tumor cell dissemination in mice","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:46:16Z","acknowledgement":"M.B. was supported by the Cell Communication in Health and Disease graduate study program of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and the Medical University of Vienna. M.S. was supported by the European Research Council (grant ERC GA 281556) and an FWF START award.\r\nWe thank C. Moussion for establishing the intralymphatic injection at IST Austria and for providing anti-PNAd hybridoma supernatant, R. Förster and A. Braun for sharing the intralymphatic injection technology, K. Vaahtomeri for the lentiviral constructs, M. Hons for establishing in vivo multiphoton imaging, the Sixt lab for intellectual input, M. Schunn for help with the design of the in vivo experiments, F. Langer for technical assistance with the in vivo experiments, the bioimaging facility of IST Austria for support, and R. Efferl for providing the CT26 cell line.","oa":1,"doi":"10.1126/science.aal3662","article_type":"original","project":[{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"25A8E5EA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"Y 564-B12"},{"grant_number":"281556","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes"}],"department":[{"_id":"MiSi"}],"month":"03","volume":359,"author":[{"id":"3DAB9AFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Markus","full_name":"Brown, Markus","last_name":"Brown"},{"full_name":"Assen, Frank P","last_name":"Assen","id":"3A8E7F24-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Frank P","orcid":"0000-0003-3470-6119"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-1073-744X","id":"3B1B77E4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Alexander F","last_name":"Leithner","full_name":"Leithner, Alexander F"},{"last_name":"Abe","full_name":"Abe, Jun","first_name":"Jun"},{"full_name":"Schachner, Helga","last_name":"Schachner","first_name":"Helga"},{"last_name":"Asfour","full_name":"Asfour, Gabriele","first_name":"Gabriele"},{"first_name":"Zsuzsanna","last_name":"Bagó Horváth","full_name":"Bagó Horváth, Zsuzsanna"},{"last_name":"Stein","full_name":"Stein, Jens","first_name":"Jens"},{"last_name":"Uhrin","full_name":"Uhrin, Pavel","first_name":"Pavel"},{"last_name":"Sixt","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","first_name":"Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Dontscho","full_name":"Kerjaschki, Dontscho","last_name":"Kerjaschki"}],"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","corr_author":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","pmid":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"6947","status":"public"}]},"type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"402","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"During metastasis, malignant cells escape the primary tumor, intravasate lymphatic vessels, and reach draining sentinel lymph nodes before they colonize distant organs via the blood circulation. Although lymph node metastasis in cancer patients correlates with poor prognosis, evidence is lacking as to whether and how tumor cells enter the bloodstream via lymph nodes. To investigate this question, we delivered carcinoma cells into the lymph nodes of mice by microinfusing the cells into afferent lymphatic vessels. We found that tumor cells rapidly infiltrated the lymph node parenchyma, invaded blood vessels, and seeded lung metastases without involvement of the thoracic duct. These results suggest that the lymph node blood vessels can serve as an exit route for systemic dissemination of cancer cells in experimental mouse models. Whether this form of tumor cell spreading occurs in cancer patients remains to be determined."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000428043600047"],"pmid":["29567714"]},"day":"23","citation":{"ista":"Brown M, Assen FP, Leithner AF, Abe J, Schachner H, Asfour G, Bagó Horváth Z, Stein J, Uhrin P, Sixt MK, Kerjaschki D. 2018. Lymph node blood vessels provide exit routes for metastatic tumor cell dissemination in mice. Science. 359(6382), 1408–1411.","ama":"Brown M, Assen FP, Leithner AF, et al. Lymph node blood vessels provide exit routes for metastatic tumor cell dissemination in mice. Science. 2018;359(6382):1408-1411. doi:10.1126/science.aal3662","chicago":"Brown, Markus, Frank P Assen, Alexander F Leithner, Jun Abe, Helga Schachner, Gabriele Asfour, Zsuzsanna Bagó Horváth, et al. “Lymph Node Blood Vessels Provide Exit Routes for Metastatic Tumor Cell Dissemination in Mice.” Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal3662.","ieee":"M. Brown et al., “Lymph node blood vessels provide exit routes for metastatic tumor cell dissemination in mice,” Science, vol. 359, no. 6382. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 1408–1411, 2018.","short":"M. Brown, F.P. Assen, A.F. Leithner, J. Abe, H. Schachner, G. Asfour, Z. Bagó Horváth, J. Stein, P. Uhrin, M.K. Sixt, D. Kerjaschki, Science 359 (2018) 1408–1411.","mla":"Brown, Markus, et al. “Lymph Node Blood Vessels Provide Exit Routes for Metastatic Tumor Cell Dissemination in Mice.” Science, vol. 359, no. 6382, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2018, pp. 1408–11, doi:10.1126/science.aal3662.","apa":"Brown, M., Assen, F. P., Leithner, A. F., Abe, J., Schachner, H., Asfour, G., … Kerjaschki, D. (2018). Lymph node blood vessels provide exit routes for metastatic tumor cell dissemination in mice. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal3662"},"year":"2018","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","intvolume":" 359","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal3662"}],"date_published":"2018-03-23T00:00:00Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"}],"isi":1,"publication":"Science","date_updated":"2026-04-27T22:30:47Z","status":"public","page":"1408 - 1411","scopus_import":"1","ec_funded":1,"issue":"6382"},{"_id":"672","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Trafficking cells frequently transmigrate through epithelial and endothelial monolayers. How monolayers cooperate with the penetrating cells to support their transit is poorly understood. We studied dendritic cell (DC) entry into lymphatic capillaries as a model system for transendothelial migration. We find that the chemokine CCL21, which is the decisive guidance cue for intravasation, mainly localizes in the trans-Golgi network and intracellular vesicles of lymphatic endothelial cells. Upon DC transmigration, these Golgi deposits disperse and CCL21 becomes extracellularly enriched at the sites of endothelial cell-cell junctions. When we reconstitute the transmigration process in vitro, we find that secretion of CCL21-positive vesicles is triggered by a DC contact-induced calcium signal, and selective calcium chelation in lymphatic endothelium attenuates transmigration. Altogether, our data demonstrate a chemokine-mediated feedback between DCs and lymphatic endothelium, which facilitates transendothelial migration."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000402124100002"]},"type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"short":"K. Vaahtomeri, M. Brown, R. Hauschild, I. de Vries, A.F. Leithner, M. Mehling, W. Kaufmann, M.K. Sixt, Cell Reports 19 (2017) 902–909.","ieee":"K. Vaahtomeri et al., “Locally triggered release of the chemokine CCL21 promotes dendritic cell transmigration across lymphatic endothelia,” Cell Reports, vol. 19, no. 5. Cell Press, pp. 902–909, 2017.","mla":"Vaahtomeri, Kari, et al. “Locally Triggered Release of the Chemokine CCL21 Promotes Dendritic Cell Transmigration across Lymphatic Endothelia.” Cell Reports, vol. 19, no. 5, Cell Press, 2017, pp. 902–09, doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.027.","apa":"Vaahtomeri, K., Brown, M., Hauschild, R., de Vries, I., Leithner, A. F., Mehling, M., … Sixt, M. K. (2017). Locally triggered release of the chemokine CCL21 promotes dendritic cell transmigration across lymphatic endothelia. Cell Reports. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.027","ista":"Vaahtomeri K, Brown M, Hauschild R, de Vries I, Leithner AF, Mehling M, Kaufmann W, Sixt MK. 2017. Locally triggered release of the chemokine CCL21 promotes dendritic cell transmigration across lymphatic endothelia. Cell Reports. 19(5), 902–909.","ama":"Vaahtomeri K, Brown M, Hauschild R, et al. Locally triggered release of the chemokine CCL21 promotes dendritic cell transmigration across lymphatic endothelia. Cell Reports. 2017;19(5):902-909. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.027","chicago":"Vaahtomeri, Kari, Markus Brown, Robert Hauschild, Ingrid de Vries, Alexander F Leithner, Matthias Mehling, Walter Kaufmann, and Michael K Sixt. “Locally Triggered Release of the Chemokine CCL21 Promotes Dendritic Cell Transmigration across Lymphatic Endothelia.” Cell Reports. Cell Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.027."},"day":"02","intvolume":" 19","year":"2017","ddc":["570"],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","date_published":"2017-05-02T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:38Z","date_updated":"2025-09-10T14:27:34Z","publication":"Cell Reports","isi":1,"page":"902 - 909","status":"public","issue":"5","ec_funded":1,"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","scopus_import":"1","publist_id":"7052","publication_status":"published","file":[{"checksum":"8fdddaab1f1d76a6ec9ca94dcb6b07a2","file_name":"IST-2017-900-v1+1_1-s2.0-S2211124717305211-main.pdf","file_id":"5109","relation":"main_file","creator":"system","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:38Z","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2248814,"date_created":"2018-12-12T10:14:54Z"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2211-1247"]},"title":"Locally triggered release of the chemokine CCL21 promotes dendritic cell transmigration across lymphatic endothelia","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:50Z","oa_version":"Published Version","doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.027","oa":1,"pubrep_id":"900","volume":19,"author":[{"last_name":"Vaahtomeri","full_name":"Vaahtomeri, Kari","id":"368EE576-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Kari","orcid":"0000-0001-7829-3518"},{"last_name":"Brown","full_name":"Brown, Markus","first_name":"Markus","id":"3DAB9AFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Hauschild","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","first_name":"Robert","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522"},{"first_name":"Ingrid","id":"4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"De Vries","full_name":"De Vries, Ingrid"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-1073-744X","id":"3B1B77E4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Alexander F","full_name":"Leithner, Alexander F","last_name":"Leithner"},{"full_name":"Mehling, Matthias","last_name":"Mehling","id":"3C23B994-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Matthias","orcid":"0000-0001-8599-1226"},{"full_name":"Kaufmann, Walter","last_name":"Kaufmann","id":"3F99E422-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Walter","orcid":"0000-0001-9735-5315"},{"id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Michael K","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","last_name":"Sixt"}],"project":[{"_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"281556","name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"25A8E5EA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"Y 564-B12","name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes"}],"month":"05","department":[{"_id":"MiSi"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"}],"corr_author":"1","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","publisher":"Cell Press"},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0092-8674"]},"oa_version":"None","title":"Load adaptation of lamellipodial actin networks","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:48:10Z","publication_status":"published","publist_id":"6951","publisher":"Cell Press","article_processing_charge":"No","corr_author":"1","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.051","department":[{"_id":"MiSi"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"month":"09","project":[{"name":"Modeling of Polarization and Motility of Leukocytes in Three-Dimensional Environments","grant_number":"LS13-029","_id":"25AD6156-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","grant_number":"281556","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Mueller","full_name":"Mueller, Jan","first_name":"Jan"},{"id":"4BFB7762-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Gregory","full_name":"Szep, Gregory","last_name":"Szep"},{"id":"34E27F1C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Maria","full_name":"Nemethova, Maria","last_name":"Nemethova"},{"full_name":"De Vries, Ingrid","last_name":"De Vries","id":"4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ingrid"},{"first_name":"Arnon","last_name":"Lieber","full_name":"Lieber, Arnon"},{"full_name":"Winkler, Christoph","last_name":"Winkler","first_name":"Christoph"},{"first_name":"Karsten","last_name":"Kruse","full_name":"Kruse, Karsten"},{"full_name":"Small, John","last_name":"Small","first_name":"John"},{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Schmeiser","full_name":"Schmeiser, Christian"},{"last_name":"Keren","full_name":"Keren, Kinneret","first_name":"Kinneret"},{"full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","last_name":"Hauschild","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Robert","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","first_name":"Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sixt","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K"}],"volume":171,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2017","intvolume":" 171","date_published":"2017-09-21T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","external_id":{"isi":["000411331800020"]},"abstract":[{"text":"Actin filaments polymerizing against membranes power endocytosis, vesicular traffic, and cell motility. In vitro reconstitution studies suggest that the structure and the dynamics of actin networks respond to mechanical forces. We demonstrate that lamellipodial actin of migrating cells responds to mechanical load when membrane tension is modulated. In a steady state, migrating cell filaments assume the canonical dendritic geometry, defined by Arp2/3-generated 70° branch points. Increased tension triggers a dense network with a broadened range of angles, whereas decreased tension causes a shift to a sparse configuration dominated by filaments growing perpendicularly to the plasma membrane. We show that these responses emerge from the geometry of branched actin: when load per filament decreases, elongation speed increases and perpendicular filaments gradually outcompete others because they polymerize the shortest distance to the membrane, where they are protected from capping. This network-intrinsic geometrical adaptation mechanism tunes protrusive force in response to mechanical load.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"727","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"mla":"Mueller, Jan, et al. “Load Adaptation of Lamellipodial Actin Networks.” Cell, vol. 171, no. 1, Cell Press, 2017, pp. 188–200, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.051.","ieee":"J. Mueller et al., “Load adaptation of lamellipodial actin networks,” Cell, vol. 171, no. 1. Cell Press, pp. 188–200, 2017.","short":"J. Mueller, G. Szep, M. Nemethova, I. de Vries, A. Lieber, C. Winkler, K. Kruse, J. Small, C. Schmeiser, K. Keren, R. Hauschild, M.K. Sixt, Cell 171 (2017) 188–200.","apa":"Mueller, J., Szep, G., Nemethova, M., de Vries, I., Lieber, A., Winkler, C., … Sixt, M. K. (2017). Load adaptation of lamellipodial actin networks. Cell. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.051","ama":"Mueller J, Szep G, Nemethova M, et al. Load adaptation of lamellipodial actin networks. Cell. 2017;171(1):188-200. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.051","ista":"Mueller J, Szep G, Nemethova M, de Vries I, Lieber A, Winkler C, Kruse K, Small J, Schmeiser C, Keren K, Hauschild R, Sixt MK. 2017. Load adaptation of lamellipodial actin networks. Cell. 171(1), 188–200.","chicago":"Mueller, Jan, Gregory Szep, Maria Nemethova, Ingrid de Vries, Arnon Lieber, Christoph Winkler, Karsten Kruse, et al. “Load Adaptation of Lamellipodial Actin Networks.” Cell. Cell Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.051."},"day":"21","page":"188 - 200","status":"public","scopus_import":"1","issue":"1","ec_funded":1,"isi":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"publication":"Cell","date_updated":"2025-07-10T11:54:27Z"},{"scopus_import":"1","ec_funded":1,"status":"public","isi":1,"date_updated":"2025-09-22T09:56:13Z","publication":"Scientific Reports","file_date_updated":"2018-12-12T10:09:32Z","date_published":"2016-11-07T00:00:00Z","ddc":["579"],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","year":"2016","article_number":"36440","intvolume":" 6","day":"07","citation":{"ama":"Schwarz J, Bierbaum V, Merrin J, et al. A microfluidic device for measuring cell migration towards substrate bound and soluble chemokine gradients. Scientific Reports. 2016;6. doi:10.1038/srep36440","ista":"Schwarz J, Bierbaum V, Merrin J, Frank T, Hauschild R, Bollenbach MT, Tay S, Sixt MK, Mehling M. 2016. A microfluidic device for measuring cell migration towards substrate bound and soluble chemokine gradients. Scientific Reports. 6, 36440.","chicago":"Schwarz, Jan, Veronika Bierbaum, Jack Merrin, Tino Frank, Robert Hauschild, Mark Tobias Bollenbach, Savaş Tay, Michael K Sixt, and Matthias Mehling. “A Microfluidic Device for Measuring Cell Migration towards Substrate Bound and Soluble Chemokine Gradients.” Scientific Reports. Nature Publishing Group, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36440.","mla":"Schwarz, Jan, et al. “A Microfluidic Device for Measuring Cell Migration towards Substrate Bound and Soluble Chemokine Gradients.” Scientific Reports, vol. 6, 36440, Nature Publishing Group, 2016, doi:10.1038/srep36440.","ieee":"J. Schwarz et al., “A microfluidic device for measuring cell migration towards substrate bound and soluble chemokine gradients,” Scientific Reports, vol. 6. Nature Publishing Group, 2016.","short":"J. Schwarz, V. Bierbaum, J. Merrin, T. Frank, R. Hauschild, M.T. Bollenbach, S. Tay, M.K. Sixt, M. Mehling, Scientific Reports 6 (2016).","apa":"Schwarz, J., Bierbaum, V., Merrin, J., Frank, T., Hauschild, R., Bollenbach, M. T., … Mehling, M. (2016). A microfluidic device for measuring cell migration towards substrate bound and soluble chemokine gradients. Scientific Reports. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36440"},"has_accepted_license":"1","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","external_id":{"isi":["000387118300001"]},"_id":"1154","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Cellular locomotion is a central hallmark of eukaryotic life. It is governed by cell-extrinsic molecular factors, which can either emerge in the soluble phase or as immobilized, often adhesive ligands. To encode for direction, every cue must be present as a spatial or temporal gradient. Here, we developed a microfluidic chamber that allows measurement of cell migration in combined response to surface immobilized and soluble molecular gradients. As a proof of principle we study the response of dendritic cells to their major guidance cues, chemokines. The majority of data on chemokine gradient sensing is based on in vitro studies employing soluble gradients. Despite evidence suggesting that in vivo chemokines are often immobilized to sugar residues, limited information is available how cells respond to immobilized chemokines. We tracked migration of dendritic cells towards immobilized gradients of the chemokine CCL21 and varying superimposed soluble gradients of CCL19. Differential migratory patterns illustrate the potential of our setup to quantitatively study the competitive response to both types of gradients. Beyond chemokines our approach is broadly applicable to alternative systems of chemo- and haptotaxis such as cells migrating along gradients of adhesion receptor ligands vs. any soluble cue. \r\n","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","article_processing_charge":"No","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"department":[{"_id":"MiSi"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"ToBo"}],"month":"11","project":[{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"281556"},{"grant_number":"Y 564-B12","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"25A8E5EA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes"}],"author":[{"id":"346C1EC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Schwarz","full_name":"Schwarz, Jan"},{"first_name":"Veronika","id":"3FD04378-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Bierbaum, Veronika","last_name":"Bierbaum"},{"full_name":"Merrin, Jack","last_name":"Merrin","id":"4515C308-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jack","orcid":"0000-0001-5145-4609"},{"last_name":"Frank","full_name":"Frank, Tino","first_name":"Tino"},{"id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Robert","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","last_name":"Hauschild"},{"last_name":"Bollenbach","full_name":"Bollenbach, Mark Tobias","orcid":"0000-0003-4398-476X","first_name":"Mark Tobias","id":"3E6DB97A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Tay","full_name":"Tay, Savaş","first_name":"Savaş"},{"id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Michael K","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","last_name":"Sixt"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8599-1226","first_name":"Matthias","id":"3C23B994-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Mehling, Matthias","last_name":"Mehling"}],"volume":6,"pubrep_id":"744","oa":1,"doi":"10.1038/srep36440","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Ambizione fellowship; PZ00P3-154733 to M.M.), the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Society (research support to M.M.), a fellowship from the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (BIF) to J.S., the European Research Council (grant ERC GA 281556) and a START award from the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) to M.S. #BioimagingFacility","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"A microfluidic device for measuring cell migration towards substrate bound and soluble chemokine gradients","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:50:27Z","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2353456,"date_created":"2018-12-12T10:09:32Z","file_name":"IST-2017-744-v1+1_srep36440.pdf","date_updated":"2018-12-12T10:09:32Z","relation":"main_file","file_id":"4756","creator":"system"}],"publication_status":"published","publist_id":"6204"},{"article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Annual Reviews","acknowledgement":"We would like to thank Dani Bodor for critical comments on the manuscript and Guillaume Salbreux for discussions. The authors are supported by the United Kingdom's Medical Research Council (MRC) (E.K.P. and I.M.A.; core funding to the MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology), by the European Research Council [ERC GA 311637 (E.K.P.) and ERC GA 281556 (M.S.)], and by a START award from the Austrian Science Foundation (M.S.).","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-125341","author":[{"last_name":"Paluch","full_name":"Paluch, Ewa","first_name":"Ewa"},{"first_name":"Irene","full_name":"Aspalter, Irene","last_name":"Aspalter"},{"id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Michael K","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","last_name":"Sixt","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K"}],"volume":32,"project":[{"grant_number":"281556","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes"},{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","grant_number":"Y 564-B12","_id":"25A8E5EA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF"}],"department":[{"_id":"MiSi"}],"month":"10","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:51:08Z","title":"Focal adhesion-independent cell migration","oa_version":"None","publist_id":"6031","publication_status":"published","status":"public","page":"469 - 490","ec_funded":1,"scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2025-09-22T08:33:40Z","publication":"Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology","isi":1,"intvolume":" 32","year":"2016","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","date_published":"2016-10-06T00:00:00Z","_id":"1285","abstract":[{"text":"Cell migration is central to a multitude of physiological processes, including embryonic development, immune surveillance, and wound healing, and deregulated migration is key to cancer dissemination. Decades of investigations have uncovered many of the molecular and physical mechanisms underlying cell migration. Together with protrusion extension and cell body retraction, adhesion to the substrate via specific focal adhesion points has long been considered an essential step in cell migration. Although this is true for cells moving on two-dimensional substrates, recent studies have demonstrated that focal adhesions are not required for cells moving in three dimensions, in which confinement is sufficient to maintain a cell in contact with its substrate. Here, we review the investigations that have led to challenging the requirement of specific adhesions for migration, discuss the physical mechanisms proposed for cell body translocation during focal adhesion-independent migration, and highlight the remaining open questions for the future.","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000389576900019"]},"type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","day":"06","citation":{"apa":"Paluch, E., Aspalter, I., & Sixt, M. K. (2016). Focal adhesion-independent cell migration. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. Annual Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-125341","mla":"Paluch, Ewa, et al. “Focal Adhesion-Independent Cell Migration.” Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, vol. 32, Annual Reviews, 2016, pp. 469–90, doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-125341.","ieee":"E. Paluch, I. Aspalter, and M. K. Sixt, “Focal adhesion-independent cell migration,” Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, vol. 32. Annual Reviews, pp. 469–490, 2016.","short":"E. Paluch, I. Aspalter, M.K. Sixt, Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 32 (2016) 469–490.","chicago":"Paluch, Ewa, Irene Aspalter, and Michael K Sixt. “Focal Adhesion-Independent Cell Migration.” Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. Annual Reviews, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-125341.","ama":"Paluch E, Aspalter I, Sixt MK. Focal adhesion-independent cell migration. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 2016;32:469-490. doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-125341","ista":"Paluch E, Aspalter I, Sixt MK. 2016. Focal adhesion-independent cell migration. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 32, 469–490."}},{"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds, the European Research Council (ERC StG 281556), and a START Award of the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF). We thank Robert Hauschild, Anne Reversat, and Jack Merrin for valuable input and the Imaging Facility of IST Austria for excellent support.","doi":"10.1016/bs.mie.2015.11.004","article_type":"original","project":[{"_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"281556","name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes"},{"_id":"25A8E5EA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"Y 564-B12","name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes"}],"department":[{"_id":"MiSi"}],"month":"01","volume":570,"author":[{"first_name":"Jan","id":"346C1EC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Schwarz, Jan","last_name":"Schwarz"},{"full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","last_name":"Sixt","first_name":"Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","corr_author":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","pmid":1,"publist_id":"5573","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:52:56Z","title":"Quantitative analysis of dendritic cell haptotaxis","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"}],"isi":1,"date_updated":"2025-09-18T11:02:13Z","publication":"Methods in Enzymology","page":"567 - 581","status":"public","scopus_import":"1","ec_funded":1,"type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Chemokines are the main guidance cues directing leukocyte migration. Opposed to early assumptions, chemokines do not necessarily act as soluble cues but are often immobilized within tissues, e.g., dendritic cell migration toward lymphatic vessels is guided by a haptotactic gradient of the chemokine CCL21. Controlled assay systems to quantitatively study haptotaxis in vitro are still missing. In this chapter, we describe an in vitro haptotaxis assay optimized for the unique properties of dendritic cells. The chemokine CCL21 is immobilized in a bioactive state, using laser-assisted protein adsorption by photobleaching. The cells follow this immobilized CCL21 gradient in a haptotaxis chamber, which provides three dimensionally confined migration conditions."}],"_id":"1597","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["26921962"],"isi":["000375648700025"]},"citation":{"ieee":"J. Schwarz and M. K. Sixt, “Quantitative analysis of dendritic cell haptotaxis,” Methods in Enzymology, vol. 570. Elsevier, pp. 567–581, 2016.","short":"J. Schwarz, M.K. Sixt, Methods in Enzymology 570 (2016) 567–581.","mla":"Schwarz, Jan, and Michael K. Sixt. “Quantitative Analysis of Dendritic Cell Haptotaxis.” Methods in Enzymology, vol. 570, Elsevier, 2016, pp. 567–81, doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2015.11.004.","apa":"Schwarz, J., & Sixt, M. K. (2016). Quantitative analysis of dendritic cell haptotaxis. Methods in Enzymology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mie.2015.11.004","ista":"Schwarz J, Sixt MK. 2016. Quantitative analysis of dendritic cell haptotaxis. Methods in Enzymology. 570, 567–581.","ama":"Schwarz J, Sixt MK. Quantitative analysis of dendritic cell haptotaxis. Methods in Enzymology. 2016;570:567-581. doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2015.11.004","chicago":"Schwarz, Jan, and Michael K Sixt. “Quantitative Analysis of Dendritic Cell Haptotaxis.” Methods in Enzymology. Elsevier, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mie.2015.11.004."},"day":"01","year":"2016","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","intvolume":" 570","date_published":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"},{"publication_status":"published","publist_id":"5570","oa_version":"Submitted Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:52:57Z","title":"Polysialylation controls dendritic cell trafficking by regulating chemokine recognition","month":"01","department":[{"_id":"MiSi"}],"project":[{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","grant_number":"281556","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7"},{"grant_number":"289720","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25A76F58-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Stromal Cell-immune Cell Interactions in Health and Disease"},{"grant_number":"Y 564-B12","_id":"25A8E5EA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes"}],"article_type":"original","volume":351,"author":[{"full_name":"Kiermaier, Eva","last_name":"Kiermaier","orcid":"0000-0001-6165-5738","first_name":"Eva","id":"3EB04B78-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3356F664-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Christine","full_name":"Moussion, Christine","last_name":"Moussion"},{"full_name":"Veldkamp, Christopher","last_name":"Veldkamp","first_name":"Christopher"},{"first_name":"Rita","last_name":"Gerardy Schahn","full_name":"Gerardy Schahn, Rita"},{"last_name":"De Vries","full_name":"De Vries, Ingrid","first_name":"Ingrid","id":"4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Larry","full_name":"Williams, Larry","last_name":"Williams"},{"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Chaffee","full_name":"Chaffee, Gary"},{"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Phillips","full_name":"Phillips, Andrew"},{"full_name":"Freiberger, Friedrich","last_name":"Freiberger","first_name":"Friedrich"},{"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Imre","full_name":"Imre, Richard"},{"first_name":"Deni","last_name":"Taleski","full_name":"Taleski, Deni"},{"last_name":"Payne","full_name":"Payne, Richard","first_name":"Richard"},{"full_name":"Braun, Asolina","last_name":"Braun","first_name":"Asolina"},{"full_name":"Förster, Reinhold","last_name":"Förster","first_name":"Reinhold"},{"first_name":"Karl","full_name":"Mechtler, Karl","last_name":"Mechtler"},{"last_name":"Mühlenhoff","full_name":"Mühlenhoff, Martina","first_name":"Martina"},{"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Volkman","full_name":"Volkman, Brian"},{"last_name":"Sixt","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Michael K"}],"doi":"10.1126/science.aad0512","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank S. Schüchner and E. Ogris for kindly providing the antibody to GFP, M. Helmbrecht and A. Huber for providing Nrp2−/− mice, the IST Scientific Support Facilities for excellent services, and J. Renkawitz and K. Vaahtomeri for critically reading the manuscript. ","pmid":1,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","article_processing_charge":"No","corr_author":"1","day":"08","citation":{"apa":"Kiermaier, E., Moussion, C., Veldkamp, C., Gerardy Schahn, R., de Vries, I., Williams, L., … Sixt, M. K. (2016). Polysialylation controls dendritic cell trafficking by regulating chemokine recognition. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad0512","mla":"Kiermaier, Eva, et al. “Polysialylation Controls Dendritic Cell Trafficking by Regulating Chemokine Recognition.” Science, vol. 351, no. 6269, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2016, pp. 186–90, doi:10.1126/science.aad0512.","short":"E. Kiermaier, C. Moussion, C. Veldkamp, R. Gerardy Schahn, I. de Vries, L. Williams, G. Chaffee, A. Phillips, F. Freiberger, R. Imre, D. Taleski, R. Payne, A. Braun, R. Förster, K. Mechtler, M. Mühlenhoff, B. Volkman, M.K. Sixt, Science 351 (2016) 186–190.","ieee":"E. Kiermaier et al., “Polysialylation controls dendritic cell trafficking by regulating chemokine recognition,” Science, vol. 351, no. 6269. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 186–190, 2016.","chicago":"Kiermaier, Eva, Christine Moussion, Christopher Veldkamp, Rita Gerardy Schahn, Ingrid de Vries, Larry Williams, Gary Chaffee, et al. “Polysialylation Controls Dendritic Cell Trafficking by Regulating Chemokine Recognition.” Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad0512.","ama":"Kiermaier E, Moussion C, Veldkamp C, et al. Polysialylation controls dendritic cell trafficking by regulating chemokine recognition. Science. 2016;351(6269):186-190. doi:10.1126/science.aad0512","ista":"Kiermaier E, Moussion C, Veldkamp C, Gerardy Schahn R, de Vries I, Williams L, Chaffee G, Phillips A, Freiberger F, Imre R, Taleski D, Payne R, Braun A, Förster R, Mechtler K, Mühlenhoff M, Volkman B, Sixt MK. 2016. Polysialylation controls dendritic cell trafficking by regulating chemokine recognition. Science. 351(6269), 186–190."},"quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","external_id":{"isi":["000367806500045"],"pmid":["26657283"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"1599","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. This modification is essential for the recognition of the CCR7 ligand CCL21. As a consequence, dendritic cell trafficking is abrogated in polysialyltransferase-deficient mice, manifesting as disturbed lymph node homeostasis and unresponsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. Structure-function analysis of chemokine-receptor interactions reveals that CCL21 adopts an autoinhibited conformation, which is released upon interaction with polysialic acid. Thus, we describe a glycosylation-mediated immune cell trafficking disorder and its mechanistic basis.\r\n"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5583642/"}],"date_published":"2016-01-08T00:00:00Z","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","year":"2016","intvolume":" 351","isi":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"SSU"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-18T11:01:30Z","publication":"Science","scopus_import":"1","ec_funded":1,"issue":"6269","status":"public","page":"186 - 190"},{"doi":"10.1038/ncb3426","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) Priority Program SP 1464 to T.E.B.S. and M.S., and European Research Council (ERC GA 281556) and Human Frontiers Program grants to M.S.\r\nService Units of IST Austria for excellent technical support.","department":[{"_id":"MiSi"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"month":"10","article_type":"original","project":[{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","grant_number":"281556","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7"}],"volume":18,"author":[{"id":"3B1B77E4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Alexander F","orcid":"0000-0002-1073-744X","full_name":"Leithner, Alexander F","last_name":"Leithner"},{"first_name":"Alexander","id":"4DFA52AE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Eichner, Alexander","last_name":"Eichner"},{"id":"AD07FDB4-0F61-11EA-8158-C4CC64CEAA8D","first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Müller","full_name":"Müller, Jan"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-0666-8928","first_name":"Anne","id":"35B76592-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Reversat","full_name":"Reversat, Anne"},{"id":"3DAB9AFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Brown","full_name":"Brown, Markus"},{"full_name":"Schwarz, Jan","last_name":"Schwarz","id":"346C1EC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jan"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-5145-4609","first_name":"Jack","id":"4515C308-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Merrin, Jack","last_name":"Merrin"},{"first_name":"David","full_name":"De Gorter, David","last_name":"De Gorter"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-4790-8078","id":"48AD8942-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Schur","full_name":"Schur, Florian"},{"last_name":"Bayerl","full_name":"Bayerl, Jonathan","first_name":"Jonathan"},{"full_name":"De Vries, Ingrid","last_name":"De Vries","id":"4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ingrid"},{"full_name":"Wieser, Stefan","last_name":"Wieser","orcid":"0000-0002-2670-2217","id":"355AA5A0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Stefan"},{"full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","last_name":"Hauschild","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Robert"},{"last_name":"Lai","full_name":"Lai, Frank","first_name":"Frank"},{"first_name":"Markus","full_name":"Moser, Markus","last_name":"Moser"},{"first_name":"Dontscho","full_name":"Kerjaschki, Dontscho","last_name":"Kerjaschki"},{"full_name":"Rottner, Klemens","last_name":"Rottner","first_name":"Klemens"},{"last_name":"Small","full_name":"Small, Victor","first_name":"Victor"},{"first_name":"Theresia","last_name":"Stradal","full_name":"Stradal, Theresia"},{"last_name":"Sixt","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Michael K","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179"}],"publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","article_processing_charge":"No","tmp":{"short":"CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_sa.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)"},"corr_author":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"323","status":"public"}]},"publication_status":"published","publist_id":"5949","file":[{"file_size":4433280,"date_created":"2020-05-14T16:33:46Z","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"7844","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:43Z","relation":"main_file","file_name":"2018_NatureCell_Leithner.pdf","checksum":"e1411cb7c99a2d9089c178a6abef25e7"}],"oa_version":"Submitted Version","title":"Diversified actin protrusions promote environmental exploration but are dispensable for locomotion of leukocytes","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:51:21Z","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:43Z","isi":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"SSU"}],"publication":"Nature Cell Biology","date_updated":"2026-04-27T22:30:04Z","page":"1253 - 1259","status":"public","scopus_import":"1","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","ec_funded":1,"quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","external_id":{"isi":["000387165600018"]},"_id":"1321","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Most migrating cells extrude their front by the force of actin polymerization. Polymerization requires an initial nucleation step, which is mediated by factors establishing either parallel filaments in the case of filopodia or branched filaments that form the branched lamellipodial network. Branches are considered essential for regular cell motility and are initiated by the Arp2/3 complex, which in turn is activated by nucleation-promoting factors of the WASP and WAVE families. Here we employed rapid amoeboid crawling leukocytes and found that deletion of the WAVE complex eliminated actin branching and thus lamellipodia formation. The cells were left with parallel filaments at the leading edge, which translated, depending on the differentiation status of the cell, into a unipolar pointed cell shape or cells with multiple filopodia. Remarkably, unipolar cells migrated with increased speed and enormous directional persistence, while they were unable to turn towards chemotactic gradients. Cells with multiple filopodia retained chemotactic activity but their migration was progressively impaired with increasing geometrical complexity of the extracellular environment. These findings establish that diversified leading edge protrusions serve as explorative structures while they slow down actual locomotion."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"ista":"Leithner AF, Eichner A, Müller J, Reversat A, Brown M, Schwarz J, Merrin J, De Gorter D, Schur FK, Bayerl J, de Vries I, Wieser S, Hauschild R, Lai F, Moser M, Kerjaschki D, Rottner K, Small V, Stradal T, Sixt MK. 2016. Diversified actin protrusions promote environmental exploration but are dispensable for locomotion of leukocytes. Nature Cell Biology. 18, 1253–1259.","ama":"Leithner AF, Eichner A, Müller J, et al. Diversified actin protrusions promote environmental exploration but are dispensable for locomotion of leukocytes. Nature Cell Biology. 2016;18:1253-1259. doi:10.1038/ncb3426","chicago":"Leithner, Alexander F, Alexander Eichner, Jan Müller, Anne Reversat, Markus Brown, Jan Schwarz, Jack Merrin, et al. “Diversified Actin Protrusions Promote Environmental Exploration but Are Dispensable for Locomotion of Leukocytes.” Nature Cell Biology. Nature Publishing Group, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3426.","short":"A.F. Leithner, A. Eichner, J. Müller, A. Reversat, M. Brown, J. Schwarz, J. Merrin, D. De Gorter, F.K. Schur, J. Bayerl, I. de Vries, S. Wieser, R. Hauschild, F. Lai, M. Moser, D. Kerjaschki, K. Rottner, V. Small, T. Stradal, M.K. Sixt, Nature Cell Biology 18 (2016) 1253–1259.","ieee":"A. F. Leithner et al., “Diversified actin protrusions promote environmental exploration but are dispensable for locomotion of leukocytes,” Nature Cell Biology, vol. 18. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 1253–1259, 2016.","mla":"Leithner, Alexander F., et al. “Diversified Actin Protrusions Promote Environmental Exploration but Are Dispensable for Locomotion of Leukocytes.” Nature Cell Biology, vol. 18, Nature Publishing Group, 2016, pp. 1253–59, doi:10.1038/ncb3426.","apa":"Leithner, A. F., Eichner, A., Müller, J., Reversat, A., Brown, M., Schwarz, J., … Sixt, M. K. (2016). Diversified actin protrusions promote environmental exploration but are dispensable for locomotion of leukocytes. Nature Cell Biology. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb3426"},"day":"24","has_accepted_license":"1","ddc":["570"],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","year":"2016","intvolume":" 18","date_published":"2016-10-24T00:00:00Z"},{"author":[{"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Maiuri","full_name":"Maiuri, Paolo"},{"full_name":"Rupprecht, Jean","last_name":"Rupprecht","first_name":"Jean"},{"first_name":"Stefan","id":"355AA5A0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2670-2217","last_name":"Wieser","full_name":"Wieser, Stefan"},{"id":"4D71A03A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Verena","orcid":"0000-0003-4088-8633","last_name":"Ruprecht","full_name":"Ruprecht, Verena"},{"first_name":"Olivier","full_name":"Bénichou, Olivier","last_name":"Bénichou"},{"full_name":"Carpi, Nicolas","last_name":"Carpi","first_name":"Nicolas"},{"first_name":"Mathieu","last_name":"Coppey","full_name":"Coppey, Mathieu"},{"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"De Beco","full_name":"De Beco, Simon"},{"first_name":"Nir","full_name":"Gov, Nir","last_name":"Gov"},{"full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J","last_name":"Heisenberg","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J","id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566"},{"full_name":"Lage Crespo, Carolina","last_name":"Lage Crespo","first_name":"Carolina"},{"last_name":"Lautenschlaeger","full_name":"Lautenschlaeger, Franziska","first_name":"Franziska"},{"first_name":"Maël","last_name":"Le Berre","full_name":"Le Berre, Maël"},{"full_name":"Lennon Duménil, Ana","last_name":"Lennon Duménil","first_name":"Ana"},{"full_name":"Raab, Matthew","last_name":"Raab","first_name":"Matthew"},{"first_name":"Hawa","full_name":"Thiam, Hawa","last_name":"Thiam"},{"first_name":"Matthieu","last_name":"Piel","full_name":"Piel, Matthieu"},{"first_name":"Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","last_name":"Sixt"},{"first_name":"Raphaël","last_name":"Voituriez","full_name":"Voituriez, Raphaël"}],"volume":161,"project":[{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"2529486C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"T 560-B17","name":"Cell- and Tissue Mechanics in Zebrafish Germ Layer Formation"},{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"281556"},{"name":"Cell migration in complex environments: from in vivo experiments to theoretical models","grant_number":"RGP0058/2011","_id":"25ABD200-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"department":[{"_id":"MiSi"},{"_id":"CaHe"}],"month":"04","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.056","corr_author":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Cell Press","publist_id":"5618","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:52:41Z","title":"Actin flows mediate a universal coupling between cell speed and cell persistence","oa_version":"None","publication":"Cell","date_updated":"2025-09-23T07:31:01Z","isi":1,"issue":"2","ec_funded":1,"scopus_import":"1","page":"374 - 386","status":"public","day":"09","citation":{"ista":"Maiuri P, Rupprecht J, Wieser S, Ruprecht V, Bénichou O, Carpi N, Coppey M, De Beco S, Gov N, Heisenberg C-PJ, Lage Crespo C, Lautenschlaeger F, Le Berre M, Lennon Duménil A, Raab M, Thiam H, Piel M, Sixt MK, Voituriez R. 2015. Actin flows mediate a universal coupling between cell speed and cell persistence. Cell. 161(2), 374–386.","ama":"Maiuri P, Rupprecht J, Wieser S, et al. Actin flows mediate a universal coupling between cell speed and cell persistence. Cell. 2015;161(2):374-386. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.056","chicago":"Maiuri, Paolo, Jean Rupprecht, Stefan Wieser, Verena Ruprecht, Olivier Bénichou, Nicolas Carpi, Mathieu Coppey, et al. “Actin Flows Mediate a Universal Coupling between Cell Speed and Cell Persistence.” Cell. Cell Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.056.","ieee":"P. Maiuri et al., “Actin flows mediate a universal coupling between cell speed and cell persistence,” Cell, vol. 161, no. 2. Cell Press, pp. 374–386, 2015.","short":"P. Maiuri, J. Rupprecht, S. Wieser, V. Ruprecht, O. Bénichou, N. Carpi, M. Coppey, S. De Beco, N. Gov, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, C. Lage Crespo, F. Lautenschlaeger, M. Le Berre, A. Lennon Duménil, M. Raab, H. Thiam, M. Piel, M.K. Sixt, R. Voituriez, Cell 161 (2015) 374–386.","mla":"Maiuri, Paolo, et al. “Actin Flows Mediate a Universal Coupling between Cell Speed and Cell Persistence.” Cell, vol. 161, no. 2, Cell Press, 2015, pp. 374–86, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.056.","apa":"Maiuri, P., Rupprecht, J., Wieser, S., Ruprecht, V., Bénichou, O., Carpi, N., … Voituriez, R. (2015). Actin flows mediate a universal coupling between cell speed and cell persistence. Cell. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.056"},"_id":"1553","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Cell movement has essential functions in development, immunity, and cancer. Various cell migration patterns have been reported, but no general rule has emerged so far. Here, we show on the basis of experimental data in vitro and in vivo that cell persistence, which quantifies the straightness of trajectories, is robustly coupled to cell migration speed. We suggest that this universal coupling constitutes a generic law of cell migration, which originates in the advection of polarity cues by an actin cytoskeleton undergoing flows at the cellular scale. Our analysis relies on a theoretical model that we validate by measuring the persistence of cells upon modulation of actin flow speeds and upon optogenetic manipulation of the binding of an actin regulator to actin filaments. Beyond the quantitative prediction of the coupling, the model yields a generic phase diagram of cellular trajectories, which recapitulates the full range of observed migration patterns.","lang":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000352708300028"]},"type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","date_published":"2015-04-09T00:00:00Z","intvolume":" 161","year":"2015","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345"},{"day":"26","citation":{"mla":"Veldkamp, Christopher, et al. “Solution Structure of CCL19 and Identification of Overlapping CCR7 and PSGL-1 Binding Sites.” Biochemistry, vol. 54, no. 27, American Chemical Society, 2015, pp. 4163–66, doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00560.","ieee":"C. Veldkamp et al., “Solution structure of CCL19 and identification of overlapping CCR7 and PSGL-1 binding sites,” Biochemistry, vol. 54, no. 27. American Chemical Society, pp. 4163–4166, 2015.","short":"C. Veldkamp, E. Kiermaier, S. Gabel Eissens, M. Gillitzer, D. Lippner, F. Disilvio, C. Mueller, P. Wantuch, G. Chaffee, M. Famiglietti, D. Zgoba, A. Bailey, Y. Bah, S. Engebretson, D. Graupner, E. Lackner, V. Larosa, T. Medeiros, M. Olson, A. Phillips, H. Pyles, A. Richard, S. Schoeller, B. Touzeau, L. Williams, M.K. Sixt, F. Peterson, Biochemistry 54 (2015) 4163–4166.","apa":"Veldkamp, C., Kiermaier, E., Gabel Eissens, S., Gillitzer, M., Lippner, D., Disilvio, F., … Peterson, F. (2015). Solution structure of CCL19 and identification of overlapping CCR7 and PSGL-1 binding sites. Biochemistry. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00560","ama":"Veldkamp C, Kiermaier E, Gabel Eissens S, et al. Solution structure of CCL19 and identification of overlapping CCR7 and PSGL-1 binding sites. Biochemistry. 2015;54(27):4163-4166. doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00560","ista":"Veldkamp C, Kiermaier E, Gabel Eissens S, Gillitzer M, Lippner D, Disilvio F, Mueller C, Wantuch P, Chaffee G, Famiglietti M, Zgoba D, Bailey A, Bah Y, Engebretson S, Graupner D, Lackner E, Larosa V, Medeiros T, Olson M, Phillips A, Pyles H, Richard A, Schoeller S, Touzeau B, Williams L, Sixt MK, Peterson F. 2015. Solution structure of CCL19 and identification of overlapping CCR7 and PSGL-1 binding sites. Biochemistry. 54(27), 4163–4166.","chicago":"Veldkamp, Christopher, Eva Kiermaier, Skylar Gabel Eissens, Miranda Gillitzer, David Lippner, Frank Disilvio, Casey Mueller, et al. “Solution Structure of CCL19 and Identification of Overlapping CCR7 and PSGL-1 Binding Sites.” Biochemistry. American Chemical Society, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00560."},"external_id":{"isi":["000358105100001"],"pmid":["26115234"]},"_id":"1618","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"CCL19 and CCL21 are chemokines involved in the trafficking of immune cells, particularly within the lymphatic system, through activation of CCR7. Concurrent expression of PSGL-1 and CCR7 in naive T-cells enhances recruitment of these cells to secondary lymphoid organs by CCL19 and CCL21. Here the solution structure of CCL19 is reported. It contains a canonical chemokine domain. Chemical shift mapping shows the N-termini of PSGL-1 and CCR7 have overlapping binding sites for CCL19 and binding is competitive. Implications for the mechanism of PSGL-1's enhancement of resting T-cell recruitment are discussed."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2015-06-26T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4809050/"}],"intvolume":" 54","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","year":"2015","date_updated":"2025-09-23T10:47:25Z","publication":"Biochemistry","isi":1,"issue":"27","ec_funded":1,"scopus_import":"1","page":"4163 - 4166","status":"public","publication_status":"published","publist_id":"5548","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:53:03Z","title":"Solution structure of CCL19 and identification of overlapping CCR7 and PSGL-1 binding sites","oa_version":"Submitted Version","author":[{"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Veldkamp","full_name":"Veldkamp, Christopher"},{"full_name":"Kiermaier, Eva","last_name":"Kiermaier","orcid":"0000-0001-6165-5738","id":"3EB04B78-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Eva"},{"full_name":"Gabel Eissens, Skylar","last_name":"Gabel Eissens","first_name":"Skylar"},{"full_name":"Gillitzer, Miranda","last_name":"Gillitzer","first_name":"Miranda"},{"last_name":"Lippner","full_name":"Lippner, David","first_name":"David"},{"first_name":"Frank","full_name":"Disilvio, Frank","last_name":"Disilvio"},{"full_name":"Mueller, Casey","last_name":"Mueller","first_name":"Casey"},{"first_name":"Paeton","full_name":"Wantuch, Paeton","last_name":"Wantuch"},{"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Chaffee","full_name":"Chaffee, Gary"},{"full_name":"Famiglietti, Michael","last_name":"Famiglietti","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Danielle","last_name":"Zgoba","full_name":"Zgoba, Danielle"},{"first_name":"Asha","last_name":"Bailey","full_name":"Bailey, Asha"},{"first_name":"Yaya","full_name":"Bah, Yaya","last_name":"Bah"},{"first_name":"Samantha","last_name":"Engebretson","full_name":"Engebretson, Samantha"},{"first_name":"David","full_name":"Graupner, David","last_name":"Graupner"},{"first_name":"Emily","last_name":"Lackner","full_name":"Lackner, Emily"},{"last_name":"Larosa","full_name":"Larosa, Vincent","first_name":"Vincent"},{"full_name":"Medeiros, Tysha","last_name":"Medeiros","first_name":"Tysha"},{"full_name":"Olson, Michael","last_name":"Olson","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Andrew","full_name":"Phillips, Andrew","last_name":"Phillips"},{"last_name":"Pyles","full_name":"Pyles, Harley","first_name":"Harley"},{"full_name":"Richard, Amanda","last_name":"Richard","first_name":"Amanda"},{"first_name":"Scott","full_name":"Schoeller, Scott","last_name":"Schoeller"},{"first_name":"Boris","last_name":"Touzeau","full_name":"Touzeau, Boris"},{"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Williams","full_name":"Williams, Larry"},{"full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","last_name":"Sixt","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","first_name":"Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Peterson","full_name":"Peterson, Francis","first_name":"Francis"}],"volume":54,"department":[{"_id":"MiSi"}],"month":"06","project":[{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","grant_number":"281556","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7"}],"oa":1,"doi":"10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00560","pmid":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"American Chemical Society"},{"publist_id":"5458","publication_status":"published","file":[{"file_name":"IST-2016-445-v1+1_1-s2.0-S0955067415001064-main.pdf","checksum":"c29973924b790aab02fdd91857759cfb","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:12Z","file_id":"4875","creator":"system","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_size":797964,"date_created":"2018-12-12T10:11:21Z","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Navigating in tissue mazes: Chemoattractant interpretation in complex environments","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:53:28Z","pubrep_id":"445","doi":"10.1016/j.ceb.2015.08.001","oa":1,"project":[{"name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"281556"}],"month":"10","department":[{"_id":"MiSi"}],"volume":36,"author":[{"first_name":"Milka","full_name":"Sarris, Milka","last_name":"Sarris"},{"full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","last_name":"Sixt","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Michael K","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"1687","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Guided cell movement is essential for development and integrity of animals and crucially involved in cellular immune responses. Leukocytes are professional migratory cells that can navigate through most types of tissues and sense a wide range of directional cues. The responses of these cells to attractants have been mainly explored in tissue culture settings. How leukocytes make directional decisions in situ, within the challenging environment of a tissue maze, is less understood. Here we review recent advances in how leukocytes sense chemical cues in complex tissue settings and make links with paradigms of directed migration in development and Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000364577600014"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","day":"01","citation":{"ieee":"M. Sarris and M. K. Sixt, “Navigating in tissue mazes: Chemoattractant interpretation in complex environments,” Current Opinion in Cell Biology, vol. 36, no. 10. Elsevier, pp. 93–102, 2015.","short":"M. Sarris, M.K. Sixt, Current Opinion in Cell Biology 36 (2015) 93–102.","mla":"Sarris, Milka, and Michael K. Sixt. “Navigating in Tissue Mazes: Chemoattractant Interpretation in Complex Environments.” Current Opinion in Cell Biology, vol. 36, no. 10, Elsevier, 2015, pp. 93–102, doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2015.08.001.","apa":"Sarris, M., & Sixt, M. K. (2015). Navigating in tissue mazes: Chemoattractant interpretation in complex environments. Current Opinion in Cell Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2015.08.001","ista":"Sarris M, Sixt MK. 2015. Navigating in tissue mazes: Chemoattractant interpretation in complex environments. Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 36(10), 93–102.","ama":"Sarris M, Sixt MK. Navigating in tissue mazes: Chemoattractant interpretation in complex environments. Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 2015;36(10):93-102. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2015.08.001","chicago":"Sarris, Milka, and Michael K Sixt. “Navigating in Tissue Mazes: Chemoattractant Interpretation in Complex Environments.” Current Opinion in Cell Biology. Elsevier, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2015.08.001."},"year":"2015","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","ddc":["570"],"intvolume":" 36","date_published":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:12Z","isi":1,"date_updated":"2025-09-23T09:39:11Z","publication":"Current Opinion in Cell Biology","status":"public","page":"93 - 102","scopus_import":"1","ec_funded":1,"issue":"10"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"2839","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Directional guidance of cells via gradients of chemokines is considered crucial for embryonic development, cancer dissemination, and immune responses. Nevertheless, the concept still lacks direct experimental confirmation in vivo. Here, we identify endogenous gradients of the chemokine CCL21 within mouse skin and show that they guide dendritic cells toward lymphatic vessels. Quantitative imaging reveals depots of CCL21 within lymphatic endothelial cells and steeply decaying gradients within the perilymphatic interstitium. These gradients match the migratory patterns of the dendritic cells, which directionally approach vessels from a distance of up to 90-micrometers. Interstitial CCL21 is immobilized to heparan sulfates, and its experimental delocalization or swamping the endogenous gradients abolishes directed migration. These findings functionally establish the concept of haptotaxis, directed migration along immobilized gradients, in tissues."}],"external_id":{"isi":["000313622000047"]},"type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","day":"18","citation":{"ieee":"M. Weber et al., “Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic chemokine gradients,” Science, vol. 339, no. 6117. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 328–332, 2013.","short":"M. Weber, R. Hauschild, J. Schwarz, C. Moussion, I. de Vries, D. Legler, S. Luther, M.T. Bollenbach, M.K. Sixt, Science 339 (2013) 328–332.","mla":"Weber, Michele, et al. “Interstitial Dendritic Cell Guidance by Haptotactic Chemokine Gradients.” Science, vol. 339, no. 6117, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2013, pp. 328–32, doi:10.1126/science.1228456.","apa":"Weber, M., Hauschild, R., Schwarz, J., Moussion, C., de Vries, I., Legler, D., … Sixt, M. K. (2013). Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic chemokine gradients. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456","ista":"Weber M, Hauschild R, Schwarz J, Moussion C, de Vries I, Legler D, Luther S, Bollenbach MT, Sixt MK. 2013. Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic chemokine gradients. Science. 339(6117), 328–332.","ama":"Weber M, Hauschild R, Schwarz J, et al. Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic chemokine gradients. Science. 2013;339(6117):328-332. doi:10.1126/science.1228456","chicago":"Weber, Michele, Robert Hauschild, Jan Schwarz, Christine Moussion, Ingrid de Vries, Daniel Legler, Sanjiv Luther, Mark Tobias Bollenbach, and Michael K Sixt. “Interstitial Dendritic Cell Guidance by Haptotactic Chemokine Gradients.” Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228456."},"intvolume":" 339","year":"2013","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","date_published":"2013-01-18T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/123456789/26341/2/Weber_263418.pdf","open_access":"1"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-29T13:45:52Z","publication":"Science","isi":1,"status":"public","page":"328 - 332","ec_funded":1,"issue":"6117","scopus_import":"1","publist_id":"3959","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:59:52Z","title":"Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic chemokine gradients","oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledgement":"We thank M. Frank for technical assistance and S. Cremer, P. Schmalhorst, and E. Kiermaier for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by a Humboldt Foundation postdoctoral fellowship (to M.W.), the German Research Foundation (Si1323 1,2 to M.S.), the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP RGP0058/2011 to M.S.), the European Research Council (ERC StG 281556 to M.S.), and the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A 127474 to D.F.L., 130488 to S.A.L.).","doi":"10.1126/science.1228456","oa":1,"volume":339,"author":[{"first_name":"Michele","id":"3A3FC708-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Weber, Michele","last_name":"Weber"},{"id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Robert","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","last_name":"Hauschild"},{"last_name":"Schwarz","full_name":"Schwarz, Jan","first_name":"Jan","id":"346C1EC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Christine","id":"3356F664-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Moussion, Christine","last_name":"Moussion"},{"last_name":"De Vries","full_name":"De Vries, Ingrid","id":"4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ingrid"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Legler","full_name":"Legler, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Luther, Sanjiv","last_name":"Luther","first_name":"Sanjiv"},{"full_name":"Bollenbach, Mark Tobias","last_name":"Bollenbach","id":"3E6DB97A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Mark Tobias","orcid":"0000-0003-4398-476X"},{"first_name":"Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","last_name":"Sixt"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"281556","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes"},{"grant_number":"RGP0058/2011","_id":"25ABD200-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Cell migration in complex environments: from in vivo experiments to theoretical models"}],"article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"MiSi"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"month":"01","corr_author":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science"}]