---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '19076'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: For accurate perception and motor control, an animal must distinguish between
sensory experiences elicited by external stimuli and those elicited by its own
actions. The diversity of behaviors and their complex influences on the senses
make this distinction challenging. Here, we uncover an action–cue hub that coordinates
motor commands with visual processing in the brain’s first visual relay. We show
that the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) acts as a corollary discharge
center, integrating visual translational optic flow signals with motor copies
from saccades, locomotion and pupil dynamics. The vLGN relays these signals to
correct action-specific visual distortions and to refine perception, as shown
for the superior colliculus and in a depth-estimation task. Simultaneously, brain-wide
vLGN projections drive corrective actions necessary for accurate visuomotor control.
Our results reveal an extended corollary discharge architecture that refines early
visual transformations and coordinates actions via a distributed hub-and-spoke
network to enable visual perception during action.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: PreCl
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: Bio
acknowledgement: We thank Y. Ben-Simon for generously making viral vectors for retrograde
tracing available, as well as J. Watson and F. Marr for reagents. We also thank
R. Shigemoto, W. Młynarski and members of the Neuroethology group for their comments
on the manuscript and L. Burnett for her schematic drawings. This research was supported
by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by Scientific
Computing, the Preclinical Facility, the Lab Support Facility and the Imaging and
Optics Facility, in particular F. Lange, M. Schunn and T. Asenov. This work was
supported by European Research Council Starting Grant no. 756502 (M.J.) and European
Research Council Consolidator Grant no. 101086580 (M.J.); and EMBO ALTF grant no.
1098-2017 (A.S.) and Human Frontiers Science Program grant no. LT000256/2018-L (A.S.).
Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).
article_number: '7278'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Tomas A
full_name: Vega Zuniga, Tomas A
id: 2E7C4E78-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Vega Zuniga
- first_name: Anton L
full_name: Sumser, Anton L
id: 3320A096-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sumser
orcid: 0000-0002-4792-1881
- first_name: Olga
full_name: Symonova, Olga
id: 3C0C7BC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Symonova
orcid: 0000-0003-2012-9947
- first_name: Peter
full_name: Koppensteiner, Peter
id: 3B8B25A8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Koppensteiner
orcid: 0000-0002-3509-1948
- first_name: Florian
full_name: Schmidt, Florian
id: A2EF226A-AF19-11E9-924C-0525E6697425
last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Maximilian A
full_name: Jösch, Maximilian A
id: 2BD278E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jösch
orcid: 0000-0002-3937-1330
citation:
ama: Vega Zuniga TA, Sumser AL, Symonova O, Koppensteiner P, Schmidt F, Jösch MA.
A thalamic hub-and-spoke network enables visual perception during action by coordinating
visuomotor dynamics. Nature Neuroscience. 2025;28. doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01874-w
apa: Vega Zuniga, T. A., Sumser, A. L., Symonova, O., Koppensteiner, P., Schmidt,
F., & Jösch, M. A. (2025). A thalamic hub-and-spoke network enables visual
perception during action by coordinating visuomotor dynamics. Nature Neuroscience.
Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01874-w
chicago: Vega Zuniga, Tomas A, Anton L Sumser, Olga Symonova, Peter Koppensteiner,
Florian Schmidt, and Maximilian A Jösch. “A Thalamic Hub-and-Spoke Network Enables
Visual Perception during Action by Coordinating Visuomotor Dynamics.” Nature
Neuroscience. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01874-w.
ieee: T. A. Vega Zuniga, A. L. Sumser, O. Symonova, P. Koppensteiner, F. Schmidt,
and M. A. Jösch, “A thalamic hub-and-spoke network enables visual perception during
action by coordinating visuomotor dynamics,” Nature Neuroscience, vol.
28. Springer Nature, 2025.
ista: Vega Zuniga TA, Sumser AL, Symonova O, Koppensteiner P, Schmidt F, Jösch MA.
2025. A thalamic hub-and-spoke network enables visual perception during action
by coordinating visuomotor dynamics. Nature Neuroscience. 28, 7278.
mla: Vega Zuniga, Tomas A., et al. “A Thalamic Hub-and-Spoke Network Enables Visual
Perception during Action by Coordinating Visuomotor Dynamics.” Nature Neuroscience,
vol. 28, 7278, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01874-w.
short: T.A. Vega Zuniga, A.L. Sumser, O. Symonova, P. Koppensteiner, F. Schmidt,
M.A. Jösch, Nature Neuroscience 28 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-02-23T23:01:58Z
date_published: 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T10:40:49Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: MaJö
- _id: PreCl
doi: 10.1038/s41593-025-01874-w
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '001416866800001'
pmid:
- '39930095'
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 28'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01874-w
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 2634E9D2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '756502'
name: Circuits of Visual Attention
- _id: bdaf81a8-d553-11ed-ba76-c95961984540
grant_number: '101086580'
name: 'Action Selection in the Midbrain: Neuromodulation of Visuomotor Senses'
- _id: 264FEA02-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: ALTF 1098-2017
name: Connecting sensory with motor processing in the superior colliculus
- _id: 266D407A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: LT000256
name: Neuronal networks of salience and spatial detection in the murine superior
colliculus
publication: Nature Neuroscience
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1546-1726
issn:
- 1097-6256
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on ISTA Website
relation: press_release
url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/high-tech-video-optimization-in-our-brain/
record:
- id: '18579'
relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A thalamic hub-and-spoke network enables visual perception during action by
coordinating visuomotor dynamics
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 28
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
_id: '18579'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Electrophysiological, calcium two-photon recordings and behavioral data for
Vega-Zuniga et al. Relevant information can be found in the ''README.txt'' files. '
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: PreCl
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: Bio
- _id: LifeSc
acknowledgement: Freyja Lange, Michael Schunn, and Todor Asenov
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Tomas A
full_name: Vega Zuniga, Tomas A
id: 2E7C4E78-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Vega Zuniga
- first_name: Anton L
full_name: Sumser, Anton L
id: 3320A096-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sumser
orcid: 0000-0002-4792-1881
- first_name: Olga
full_name: Symonova, Olga
id: 3C0C7BC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Symonova
orcid: 0000-0003-2012-9947
- first_name: Peter
full_name: Koppensteiner, Peter
id: 3B8B25A8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Koppensteiner
orcid: 0000-0002-3509-1948
- first_name: Florian
full_name: Schmidt, Florian
id: A2EF226A-AF19-11E9-924C-0525E6697425
last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Maximilian A
full_name: Jösch, Maximilian A
id: 2BD278E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jösch
orcid: 0000-0002-3937-1330
citation:
ama: Vega Zuniga TA, Sumser AL, Symonova O, Koppensteiner P, Schmidt F, Jösch MA.
A thalamic hub-and-spoke network enables visual perception during action by coordinating
visuomotor dynamics. 2024. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:18579
apa: Vega Zuniga, T. A., Sumser, A. L., Symonova, O., Koppensteiner, P., Schmidt,
F., & Jösch, M. A. (2024). A thalamic hub-and-spoke network enables visual
perception during action by coordinating visuomotor dynamics. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18579
chicago: Vega Zuniga, Tomas A, Anton L Sumser, Olga Symonova, Peter Koppensteiner,
Florian Schmidt, and Maximilian A Jösch. “A Thalamic Hub-and-Spoke Network Enables
Visual Perception during Action by Coordinating Visuomotor Dynamics.” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18579.
ieee: T. A. Vega Zuniga, A. L. Sumser, O. Symonova, P. Koppensteiner, F. Schmidt,
and M. A. Jösch, “A thalamic hub-and-spoke network enables visual perception during
action by coordinating visuomotor dynamics.” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2024.
ista: Vega Zuniga TA, Sumser AL, Symonova O, Koppensteiner P, Schmidt F, Jösch MA.
2024. A thalamic hub-and-spoke network enables visual perception during action
by coordinating visuomotor dynamics, Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
10.15479/AT:ISTA:18579.
mla: Vega Zuniga, Tomas A., et al. A Thalamic Hub-and-Spoke Network Enables Visual
Perception during Action by Coordinating Visuomotor Dynamics. Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2024, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:18579.
short: T.A. Vega Zuniga, A.L. Sumser, O. Symonova, P. Koppensteiner, F. Schmidt,
M.A. Jösch, (2024).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-11-22T13:48:12Z
date_published: 2024-12-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T10:40:48Z
day: '09'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: MaJö
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:18579
ec_funded: 1
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creator: symonova
date_created: 2024-12-09T10:21:10Z
date_updated: 2024-12-09T10:21:10Z
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file_size: 505
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-12-09T12:54:55Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 264FEA02-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: ALTF 1098-2017
name: Connecting sensory with motor processing in the superior colliculus
- _id: 266D407A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: LT000256
name: Neuronal networks of salience and spatial detection in the murine superior
colliculus
- _id: 2634E9D2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '756502'
name: Circuits of Visual Attention
- _id: bdaf81a8-d553-11ed-ba76-c95961984540
grant_number: '101086580'
name: 'Action Selection in the Midbrain: Neuromodulation of Visuomotor Senses'
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '19076'
relation: used_in_publication
status: public
status: public
title: A thalamic hub-and-spoke network enables visual perception during action by
coordinating visuomotor dynamics
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2024'
...
---
APC_amount: 6081,83 EUR
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '17142'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Despite the diverse genetic origins of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), affected
individuals share strikingly similar and correlated behavioural traits that include
perceptual and sensory processing challenges. Notably, the severity of these sensory
symptoms is often predictive of the expression of other autistic traits. However,
the origin of these perceptual deficits remains largely elusive. Here, we show
a recurrent impairment in visual threat perception that is similarly impaired
in 3 independent mouse models of ASD with different molecular aetiologies. Interestingly,
this deficit is associated with reduced avoidance of threatening environments—a
nonperceptual trait. Focusing on a common cause of ASDs, the Setd5 gene mutation,
we define the molecular mechanism. We show that the perceptual impairment is caused
by a potassium channel (Kv1)-mediated hypoexcitability in a subcortical node essential
for the initiation of escape responses, the dorsal periaqueductal grey (dPAG).
Targeted pharmacological Kv1 blockade rescued both perceptual and place avoidance
deficits, causally linking seemingly unrelated trait deficits to the dPAG. Furthermore,
we show that different molecular mechanisms converge on similar behavioural phenotypes
by demonstrating that the autism models Cul3 and Ptchd1, despite having similar
behavioural phenotypes, differ in their functional and molecular alteration. Our
findings reveal a link between rapid perception controlled by subcortical pathways
and appropriate learned interactions with the environment and define a nondevelopmental
source of such deficits in ASD.
acknowledgement: 'This work was supported by a European Research Council Starting
Grant 756502 (MJ). '
article_number: e3002668
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Laura
full_name: Burnett, Laura
id: 3B717F68-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Burnett
orcid: 0000-0002-8937-410X
- first_name: Peter
full_name: Koppensteiner, Peter
id: 3B8B25A8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Koppensteiner
orcid: 0000-0002-3509-1948
- first_name: Olga
full_name: Symonova, Olga
id: 3C0C7BC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Symonova
orcid: 0000-0003-2012-9947
- first_name: Tomas
full_name: Masson, Tomas
id: 93ac43e8-8599-11eb-9b86-f6efb0a4c207
last_name: Masson
orcid: 0000-0002-2634-6283
- first_name: Tomas A
full_name: Vega Zuniga, Tomas A
id: 2E7C4E78-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Vega Zuniga
- first_name: Ximena
full_name: Contreras, Ximena
id: 475990FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Contreras
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Rülicke, Thomas
last_name: Rülicke
- first_name: Ryuichi
full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shigemoto
orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Gaia
full_name: Novarino, Gaia
id: 3E57A680-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Novarino
orcid: 0000-0002-7673-7178
- first_name: Maximilian A
full_name: Jösch, Maximilian A
id: 2BD278E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jösch
orcid: 0000-0002-3937-1330
citation:
ama: Burnett L, Koppensteiner P, Symonova O, et al. Shared behavioural impairments
in visual perception and place avoidance across different autism models are driven
by periaqueductal grey hypoexcitability in Setd5 haploinsufficient mice. PLoS
Biology. 2024;22. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002668
apa: Burnett, L., Koppensteiner, P., Symonova, O., Masson, T., Vega Zuniga, T. A.,
Contreras, X., … Jösch, M. A. (2024). Shared behavioural impairments in visual
perception and place avoidance across different autism models are driven by periaqueductal
grey hypoexcitability in Setd5 haploinsufficient mice. PLoS Biology. Public
Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002668
chicago: Burnett, Laura, Peter Koppensteiner, Olga Symonova, Tomas Masson, Tomas
A Vega Zuniga, Ximena Contreras, Thomas Rülicke, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Gaia Novarino,
and Maximilian A Jösch. “Shared Behavioural Impairments in Visual Perception and
Place Avoidance across Different Autism Models Are Driven by Periaqueductal Grey
Hypoexcitability in Setd5 Haploinsufficient Mice.” PLoS Biology. Public
Library of Science, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002668.
ieee: L. Burnett et al., “Shared behavioural impairments in visual perception
and place avoidance across different autism models are driven by periaqueductal
grey hypoexcitability in Setd5 haploinsufficient mice,” PLoS Biology, vol.
22. Public Library of Science, 2024.
ista: Burnett L, Koppensteiner P, Symonova O, Masson T, Vega Zuniga TA, Contreras
X, Rülicke T, Shigemoto R, Novarino G, Jösch MA. 2024. Shared behavioural impairments
in visual perception and place avoidance across different autism models are driven
by periaqueductal grey hypoexcitability in Setd5 haploinsufficient mice. PLoS
Biology. 22, e3002668.
mla: Burnett, Laura, et al. “Shared Behavioural Impairments in Visual Perception
and Place Avoidance across Different Autism Models Are Driven by Periaqueductal
Grey Hypoexcitability in Setd5 Haploinsufficient Mice.” PLoS Biology, vol.
22, e3002668, Public Library of Science, 2024, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002668.
short: L. Burnett, P. Koppensteiner, O. Symonova, T. Masson, T.A. Vega Zuniga, X.
Contreras, T. Rülicke, R. Shigemoto, G. Novarino, M.A. Jösch, PLoS Biology 22
(2024).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-06-16T22:01:05Z
date_published: 2024-06-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-08T07:57:11Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: RySh
- _id: GaNo
- _id: MaJö
doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002668
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '001246176800003'
pmid:
- '38857283'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 496e1aa4fd5b92b7e4087ecc2c964133
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-01-09T10:39:41Z
date_updated: 2025-01-09T10:39:41Z
file_id: '18805'
file_name: 2024_PloS_Burnett.pdf
file_size: 4016568
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-01-09T10:39:41Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 22'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 2634E9D2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '756502'
name: Circuits of Visual Attention
publication: PLoS Biology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1545-7885
issn:
- 1544-9173
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: software
url: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11130587
record:
- id: '15385'
relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Shared behavioural impairments in visual perception and place avoidance across
different autism models are driven by periaqueductal grey hypoexcitability in Setd5
haploinsufficient mice
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 22
year: '2024'
...
---
OA_embargo: '12'
OA_place: publisher
_id: '18574'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Biological vision is unlike a camera; rather than transmitting light information
faithfully, early\r\nvisual circuits process the visual scene to convey only the
relevant information in an efficient\r\nmanner. Consequentially, the nature of
this visual processing then depends on what is the\r\nrelevant information in
a scene and on the notion of efficiency. In this work, I study how visual\r\nprocessing
is modulated by two different variations in the visual scene. First, I discovered
that\r\nin the mouse (Mus musculus) retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells in the upper
and lower visual\r\nfield have differences in the center surround structure of
their receptive fields. Comparison\r\nwith models of efficient coding show that
this adaptation likely evolved to cope with the\r\nbrightness gradient from the
sky to the ground that is pervasive in natural scenes. In the\r\nsecond project,
I study how the downstream neurons in the Superior Colliculus dynamically\r\nchange
their temporal selectivity depending on the ambient luminance and behavioral state.\r\nAs
the scene gets darker or when the animal is is less aroused, the neuronal responses
get\r\nlaggier, while still maintaining their relative timing with respect to
the population. Overall, this\r\nwork emphasises the need to understand visual
processing in the context of specific demands\r\nof the animal in its the environment.
The adaptive changes in the visual system, from the\r\nretinal ganglion cells
to the superior colliculus, highlight the intricate ways in which biological\r\nvision
optimizes the processing of visual information.\r\n"
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: PreCl
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: E-Lib
acknowledgement: "This work would have been impossible without the Scientific Service
Units of IST Austria. The resources and expertise provided by Scientific Computing
(especially Alois Schlögl), the MIBA Machine Shop (especially Todor Asenov), the
Preclinical Facility (especially Freyja Langer), the Library, the Lab Support Facility
and the Imaging and Optics Facility were the essential bedrock I could build upon.
I would also like to thank IT support at ISTA for powering through remote work and
a cyberattack.\r\nI am grateful for having been funded initially by the European
Union Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant 665385 and later by Prof. Maximilian
Joesch's the European Research Council Starting (756502) and Consolidator (101086580)
Grants."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Divyansh
full_name: Gupta, Divyansh
id: 2A485EBE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Gupta
orcid: 0000-0001-7400-6665
citation:
ama: Gupta D. Visual adaptations to natural statistics. 2024. doi:10.15479/at:ista:18574
apa: Gupta, D. (2024). Visual adaptations to natural statistics. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18574
chicago: Gupta, Divyansh. “Visual Adaptations to Natural Statistics.” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18574.
ieee: D. Gupta, “Visual adaptations to natural statistics,” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2024.
ista: Gupta D. 2024. Visual adaptations to natural statistics. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria.
mla: Gupta, Divyansh. Visual Adaptations to Natural Statistics. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2024, doi:10.15479/at:ista:18574.
short: D. Gupta, Visual Adaptations to Natural Statistics, Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2024.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-11-20T21:30:44Z
date_published: 2024-11-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-07T13:24:48Z
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- _id: MaJö
doi: 10.15479/at:ista:18574
ec_funded: 1
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language:
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month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '86'
project:
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grant_number: '101086580'
name: 'Action Selection in the Midbrain: Neuromodulation of Visuomotor Senses'
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call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '665385'
name: International IST Doctoral Program
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call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '756502'
name: Circuits of Visual Attention
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-99078-050-3
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
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relation: research_data
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status: public
supervisor:
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full_name: Jösch, Maximilian A
id: 2BD278E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jösch
orcid: 0000-0002-3937-1330
title: Visual adaptations to natural statistics
tmp:
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legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC
BY-NC-SA 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
year: '2024'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
_id: '12716'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The process of detecting and evaluating sensory information to guide behaviour
is termed perceptual decision-making (PDM), and is critical for the ability of
an organism to interact with its external world. Individuals with autism, a neurodevelopmental
condition primarily characterised by social and communication difficulties, frequently
exhibit altered sensory processing and PDM difficulties are widely reported. Recent
technological advancements have pushed forward our understanding of the genetic
changes accompanying this condition, however our understanding of how these mutations
affect the function of specific neuronal circuits and bring about the corresponding
behavioural changes remains limited. Here, we use an innate PDM task, the looming
avoidance response (LAR) paradigm, to identify a convergent behavioural abnormality
across three molecularly distinct genetic mouse models of autism (Cul3, Setd5
and Ptchd1). Although mutant mice can rapidly detect threatening visual stimuli,
their responses are consistently delayed, requiring longer to initiate an appropriate
response than their wild-type siblings. Mutant animals show abnormal adaptation
in both their stimulus- evoked escape responses and exploratory dynamics following
repeated stimulus presentations. Similarly delayed behavioural responses are observed
in wild-type animals when faced with more ambiguous threats, suggesting the mutant
phenotype could arise from a dysfunction in the flexible control of this PDM process.\r\nOur
knowledge of the core neuronal circuitry mediating the LAR facilitated a detailed
dissection of the neuronal mechanisms underlying the behavioural impairment. In
vivo extracellular recording revealed that visual responses were unaffected within
a key brain region for the rapid processing of visual threats, the superior colliculus
(SC), indicating that the behavioural delay was unlikely to originate from sensory
impairments. Delayed behavioural responses were recapitulated in the Setd5 model
following optogenetic stimulation of the excitatory output neurons of the SC,
which are known to mediate escape initiation through the activation of cells in
the underlying dorsal periaqueductal grey (dPAG). In vitro patch-clamp recordings
of dPAG cells uncovered a stark hypoexcitability phenotype in two out of the three
genetic models investigated (Setd5 and Ptchd1), that in Setd5, is mediated by
the misregulation of voltage-gated potassium channels. Overall, our results show
that the ability to use visual information to drive efficient escape responses
is impaired in three diverse genetic mouse models of autism and that, in one of
the models studied, this behavioural delay likely originates from differences
in the intrinsic excitability of a key subcortical node, the dPAG. Furthermore,
this work showcases the use of an innate behavioural paradigm to mechanistically
dissect PDM processes in autism."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: PreCl
- _id: Bio
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: CampIT
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
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full_name: Burnett, Laura
id: 3B717F68-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Burnett
orcid: 0000-0002-8937-410X
citation:
ama: Burnett L. To flee, or not to flee? Using innate defensive behaviours to investigate
rapid perceptual decision-making through subcortical circuits in mouse models
of autism. 2023. doi:10.15479/at:ista:12716
apa: Burnett, L. (2023). To flee, or not to flee? Using innate defensive behaviours
to investigate rapid perceptual decision-making through subcortical circuits in
mouse models of autism. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12716
chicago: Burnett, Laura. “To Flee, or Not to Flee? Using Innate Defensive Behaviours
to Investigate Rapid Perceptual Decision-Making through Subcortical Circuits in
Mouse Models of Autism.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12716.
ieee: L. Burnett, “To flee, or not to flee? Using innate defensive behaviours to
investigate rapid perceptual decision-making through subcortical circuits in mouse
models of autism,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.
ista: Burnett L. 2023. To flee, or not to flee? Using innate defensive behaviours
to investigate rapid perceptual decision-making through subcortical circuits in
mouse models of autism. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Burnett, Laura. To Flee, or Not to Flee? Using Innate Defensive Behaviours
to Investigate Rapid Perceptual Decision-Making through Subcortical Circuits in
Mouse Models of Autism. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023,
doi:10.15479/at:ista:12716.
short: L. Burnett, To Flee, or Not to Flee? Using Innate Defensive Behaviours to
Investigate Rapid Perceptual Decision-Making through Subcortical Circuits in Mouse
Models of Autism, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-03-08T15:19:45Z
date_published: 2023-03-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-07T13:25:15Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '599'
- '573'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: MaJö
doi: 10.15479/at:ista:12716
ec_funded: 1
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language:
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oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '178'
project:
- _id: 2634E9D2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '756502'
name: Circuits of Visual Attention
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Maximilian A
full_name: Jösch, Maximilian A
id: 2BD278E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jösch
orcid: 0000-0002-3937-1330
title: To flee, or not to flee? Using innate defensive behaviours to investigate rapid
perceptual decision-making through subcortical circuits in mouse models of autism
type: dissertation
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12349'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Statistics of natural scenes are not uniform - their structure varies dramatically
from ground to sky. It remains unknown whether these non-uniformities are reflected
in the large-scale organization of the early visual system and what benefits such
adaptations would confer. Here, by relying on the efficient coding hypothesis,
we predict that changes in the structure of receptive fields across visual space
increase the efficiency of sensory coding. We show experimentally that, in agreement
with our predictions, receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells change their
shape along the dorsoventral retinal axis, with a marked surround asymmetry at
the visual horizon. Our work demonstrates that, according to principles of efficient
coding, the panoramic structure of natural scenes is exploited by the retina across
space and cell-types.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: PreCl
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: Bio
acknowledgement: We thank Hiroki Asari for sharing the dataset of naturalistic images,
Anton Sumser for sharing visual stimulus code, Yoav Ben Simon for initial explorative
work with the generation of AAVs, and Tomas Vega-Zuñiga for help with immunostainings.
We also thank Gasper Tkacik and members of the Neuroethology group for their comments
on the manuscript. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of
IST Austria through resources provided by Scientific Computing, the Preclinical
Facility, the Lab Support Facility, and the Imaging and Optics Facility. This work
was supported by European Union Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant 665385
(DG), Austrian Science Fund (FWF) stand-alone grant P 34015 (WM), Human Frontiers
Science Program LT000256/2018-L (AS), EMBO ALTF 1098-2017 (AS) and the European
Research Council Starting Grant 756502 (MJ).
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Divyansh
full_name: Gupta, Divyansh
id: 2A485EBE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Gupta
orcid: 0000-0001-7400-6665
- first_name: Wiktor F
full_name: Mlynarski, Wiktor F
id: 358A453A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Mlynarski
- first_name: Anton L
full_name: Sumser, Anton L
id: 3320A096-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sumser
orcid: 0000-0002-4792-1881
- first_name: Olga
full_name: Symonova, Olga
id: 3C0C7BC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Symonova
orcid: 0000-0003-2012-9947
- first_name: Jan
full_name: Svaton, Jan
id: f7f724c3-9d6f-11ed-9f44-e5c5f3a5bee2
last_name: Svaton
orcid: 0000-0002-6198-2939
- first_name: Maximilian A
full_name: Jösch, Maximilian A
id: 2BD278E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jösch
orcid: 0000-0002-3937-1330
citation:
ama: Gupta D, Mlynarski WF, Sumser AL, Symonova O, Svaton J, Jösch MA. Panoramic
visual statistics shape retina-wide organization of receptive fields. Nature
Neuroscience. 2023;26:606-614. doi:10.1038/s41593-023-01280-0
apa: Gupta, D., Mlynarski, W. F., Sumser, A. L., Symonova, O., Svaton, J., &
Jösch, M. A. (2023). Panoramic visual statistics shape retina-wide organization
of receptive fields. Nature Neuroscience. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-023-01280-0
chicago: Gupta, Divyansh, Wiktor F Mlynarski, Anton L Sumser, Olga Symonova, Jan
Svaton, and Maximilian A Jösch. “Panoramic Visual Statistics Shape Retina-Wide
Organization of Receptive Fields.” Nature Neuroscience. Springer Nature,
2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-023-01280-0.
ieee: D. Gupta, W. F. Mlynarski, A. L. Sumser, O. Symonova, J. Svaton, and M. A.
Jösch, “Panoramic visual statistics shape retina-wide organization of receptive
fields,” Nature Neuroscience, vol. 26. Springer Nature, pp. 606–614, 2023.
ista: Gupta D, Mlynarski WF, Sumser AL, Symonova O, Svaton J, Jösch MA. 2023. Panoramic
visual statistics shape retina-wide organization of receptive fields. Nature Neuroscience.
26, 606–614.
mla: Gupta, Divyansh, et al. “Panoramic Visual Statistics Shape Retina-Wide Organization
of Receptive Fields.” Nature Neuroscience, vol. 26, Springer Nature, 2023,
pp. 606–14, doi:10.1038/s41593-023-01280-0.
short: D. Gupta, W.F. Mlynarski, A.L. Sumser, O. Symonova, J. Svaton, M.A. Jösch,
Nature Neuroscience 26 (2023) 606–614.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-01-23T14:14:19Z
date_published: 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-28T22:30:27Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: MaJö
doi: 10.1038/s41593-023-01280-0
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000955258300002'
pmid:
- '36959418'
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file_date_updated: 2023-10-04T11:40:51Z
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oa: 1
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project:
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call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '665385'
name: International IST Doctoral Program
- _id: 626c45b5-2b32-11ec-9570-e509828c1ba6
grant_number: P34015
name: Efficient coding with biophysical realism
- _id: 2634E9D2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '756502'
name: Circuits of Visual Attention
- _id: 266D407A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: LT000256
name: Neuronal networks of salience and spatial detection in the murine superior
colliculus
- _id: 264FEA02-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: ALTF 1098-2017
name: Connecting sensory with motor processing in the superior colliculus
publication: Nature Neuroscience
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1546-1726
issn:
- 1097-6256
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
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relation: research_data
status: public
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relation: dissertation_contains
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title: Panoramic visual statistics shape retina-wide organization of receptive fields
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 26
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12370'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Statistics of natural scenes are not uniform - their structure varies dramatically
from ground to sky. It remains unknown whether these non-uniformities are reflected
in the large-scale organization of the early visual system and what benefits such
adaptations would confer. Here, by relying on the efficient coding hypothesis,
we predict that changes in the structure of receptive fields across visual space
increase the efficiency of sensory coding. We show experimentally that, in agreement
with our predictions, receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells change their
shape along the dorsoventral retinal axis, with a marked surround asymmetry at
the visual horizon. Our work demonstrates that, according to principles of efficient
coding, the panoramic structure of natural scenes is exploited by the retina across
space and cell-types. '
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: Bio
- _id: PreCl
- _id: LifeSc
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Divyansh
full_name: Gupta, Divyansh
id: 2A485EBE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Gupta
orcid: 0000-0001-7400-6665
- first_name: Anton L
full_name: Sumser, Anton L
id: 3320A096-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sumser
orcid: 0000-0002-4792-1881
- first_name: Maximilian A
full_name: Jösch, Maximilian A
id: 2BD278E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jösch
orcid: 0000-0002-3937-1330
citation:
ama: 'Gupta D, Sumser AL, Jösch MA. Research Data for: Panoramic visual statistics
shape retina-wide organization of receptive fields. 2023. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:12370'
apa: 'Gupta, D., Sumser, A. L., & Jösch, M. A. (2023). Research Data for: Panoramic
visual statistics shape retina-wide organization of receptive fields. Institute
of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12370'
chicago: 'Gupta, Divyansh, Anton L Sumser, and Maximilian A Jösch. “Research Data
for: Panoramic Visual Statistics Shape Retina-Wide Organization of Receptive Fields.”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:12370.'
ieee: 'D. Gupta, A. L. Sumser, and M. A. Jösch, “Research Data for: Panoramic visual
statistics shape retina-wide organization of receptive fields.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2023.'
ista: 'Gupta D, Sumser AL, Jösch MA. 2023. Research Data for: Panoramic visual statistics
shape retina-wide organization of receptive fields, Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 10.15479/AT:ISTA:12370.'
mla: 'Gupta, Divyansh, et al. Research Data for: Panoramic Visual Statistics
Shape Retina-Wide Organization of Receptive Fields. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2023, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:12370.'
short: D. Gupta, A.L. Sumser, M.A. Jösch, (2023).
contributor:
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Olga
id: 3C0C7BC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Symonova
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Wiktor F
id: 358A453A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Mlynarski
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Jan
id: f7f724c3-9d6f-11ed-9f44-e5c5f3a5bee2
last_name: Svaton
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-01-25T12:45:18Z
date_published: 2023-01-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-28T22:30:27Z
day: '26'
ddc:
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department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: MaJö
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:12370
ec_funded: 1
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call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '665385'
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name: Connecting sensory with motor processing in the superior colliculus
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
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status: public
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relation: used_in_publication
status: public
status: public
title: 'Research Data for: Panoramic visual statistics shape retina-wide organization
of receptive fields'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_sa.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC
BY-NC-SA 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)
type: research_data
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year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12288'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: To understand the function of neuronal circuits, it is crucial to disentangle
the connectivity patterns within the network. However, most tools currently used
to explore connectivity have low throughput, low selectivity, or limited accessibility.
Here, we report the development of an improved packaging system for the production
of the highly neurotropic RVdGenvA-CVS-N2c rabies viral vectors, yielding titers
orders of magnitude higher with no background contamination, at a fraction of
the production time, while preserving the efficiency of transsynaptic labeling.
Along with the production pipeline, we developed suites of ‘starter’ AAV and bicistronic
RVdG-CVS-N2c vectors, enabling retrograde labeling from a wide range of neuronal
populations, tailored for diverse experimental requirements. We demonstrate the
power and flexibility of the new system by uncovering hidden local and distal
inhibitory connections in the mouse hippocampal formation and by imaging the functional
properties of a cortical microcircuit across weeks. Our novel production pipeline
provides a convenient approach to generate new rabies vectors, while our toolkit
flexibly and efficiently expands the current capacity to label, manipulate and
image the neuronal activity of interconnected neuronal circuits in vitro and in
vivo.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: PreCl
acknowledgement: We thank F Marr for technical assistance, A Murray for RVdG-CVS-N2c
viruses and Neuro2A packaging cell-lines and J Watson for reading the manuscript.
This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST-Austria
through resources provided by the Imaging and Optics Facility (IOF) and the Preclinical
Facility (PCF). This project was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under
the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC advanced
grant No 692692, PJ, ERC starting grant No 756502, MJ), the Fond zur Förderung der
Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Z 312-B27, Wittgenstein award, PJ), the Human Frontier
Science Program (LT000256/2018-L, AS) and EMBO (ALTF 1098-2017, AS).
article_number: '79848'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Anton L
full_name: Sumser, Anton L
id: 3320A096-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sumser
orcid: 0000-0002-4792-1881
- first_name: Maximilian A
full_name: Jösch, Maximilian A
id: 2BD278E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jösch
orcid: 0000-0002-3937-1330
- first_name: Peter M
full_name: Jonas, Peter M
id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jonas
orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
- first_name: Yoav
full_name: Ben Simon, Yoav
id: 43DF3136-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Ben Simon
citation:
ama: Sumser AL, Jösch MA, Jonas PM, Ben Simon Y. Fast, high-throughput production
of improved rabies viral vectors for specific, efficient and versatile transsynaptic
retrograde labeling. eLife. 2022;11. doi:10.7554/elife.79848
apa: Sumser, A. L., Jösch, M. A., Jonas, P. M., & Ben Simon, Y. (2022). Fast,
high-throughput production of improved rabies viral vectors for specific, efficient
and versatile transsynaptic retrograde labeling. ELife. eLife Sciences
Publications. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.79848
chicago: Sumser, Anton L, Maximilian A Jösch, Peter M Jonas, and Yoav Ben Simon.
“Fast, High-Throughput Production of Improved Rabies Viral Vectors for Specific,
Efficient and Versatile Transsynaptic Retrograde Labeling.” ELife. eLife
Sciences Publications, 2022. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.79848.
ieee: A. L. Sumser, M. A. Jösch, P. M. Jonas, and Y. Ben Simon, “Fast, high-throughput
production of improved rabies viral vectors for specific, efficient and versatile
transsynaptic retrograde labeling,” eLife, vol. 11. eLife Sciences Publications,
2022.
ista: Sumser AL, Jösch MA, Jonas PM, Ben Simon Y. 2022. Fast, high-throughput production
of improved rabies viral vectors for specific, efficient and versatile transsynaptic
retrograde labeling. eLife. 11, 79848.
mla: Sumser, Anton L., et al. “Fast, High-Throughput Production of Improved Rabies
Viral Vectors for Specific, Efficient and Versatile Transsynaptic Retrograde Labeling.”
ELife, vol. 11, 79848, eLife Sciences Publications, 2022, doi:10.7554/elife.79848.
short: A.L. Sumser, M.A. Jösch, P.M. Jonas, Y. Ben Simon, ELife 11 (2022).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-01-16T10:04:15Z
date_published: 2022-09-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-04-15T08:29:05Z
day: '15'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: MaJö
- _id: PeJo
doi: 10.7554/elife.79848
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000892204300001'
pmid:
- '36040301'
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creator: dernst
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file_name: 2022_eLife_Sumser.pdf
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relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-01-30T11:50:53Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 11'
isi: 1
keyword:
- General Immunology and Microbiology
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
- General Medicine
- General Neuroscience
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25B7EB9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '692692'
name: Biophysics and circuit function of a giant cortical glutamatergic synapse
- _id: 2634E9D2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '756502'
name: Circuits of Visual Attention
- _id: 25C5A090-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: Z00312
name: Synaptic communication in neuronal microcircuits
- _id: 266D407A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: LT000256
name: Neuronal networks of salience and spatial detection in the murine superior
colliculus
- _id: 264FEA02-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: ALTF 1098-2017
name: Connecting sensory with motor processing in the superior colliculus
publication: eLife
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2050-084X
publication_status: published
publisher: eLife Sciences Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Fast, high-throughput production of improved rabies viral vectors for specific,
efficient and versatile transsynaptic retrograde labeling
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 11
year: '2022'
...