@phdthesis{11879,
  abstract     = {As the overall global mean surface temperature is increasing due to climate change, plant
adaptation to those stressful conditions is of utmost importance for their survival. Plants are
sessile organisms, thus to compensate for their lack of mobility, they evolved a variety of
mechanisms enabling them to flexibly adjust their physiological, growth and developmental
processes to fluctuating temperatures and to survive in harsh environments. While these unique
adaptation abilities provide an important evolutionary advantage, overall modulation of plant
growth and developmental program due to non-optimal temperature negatively affects biomass
production, crop productivity or sensitivity to pathogens. Thus, understanding molecular
processes underlying plant adaptation to increased temperature can provide important
resources for breeding strategies to ensure sufficient agricultural food production.
An increase in ambient temperature by a few degrees leads to profound changes in organ growth
including enhanced hypocotyl elongation, expansion of petioles, hyponastic growth of leaves and
cotyledons, collectively named thermomorphogenesis (Casal & Balasubramanian, 2019). Auxin,
one of the best-studied growth hormones, plays an essential role in this process by direct
activation of transcriptional and non-transcriptional processes resulting in elongation growth
(Majda & Robert, 2018).To modulate hypocotyl growth in response to high ambient temperature
(hAT), auxin needs to be redistributed accordingly. PINs, auxin efflux transporters, are key
components of the polar auxin transport (PAT) machinery, which controls the amount and
direction of auxin translocated in the plant tissues and organs(Adamowski & Friml, 2015). Hence,
PIN-mediated transport is tightly linked with thermo-morphogenesis, and interference with PAT
through either chemical or genetic means dramatically affecting the adaptive responses to hAT.
Intriguingly, despite the key role of PIN mediated transport in growth response to hAT, whether
and how PINs at the level of expression adapt to fluctuation in temperature is scarcely
understood.
With genetic, molecular and advanced bio-imaging approaches, we demonstrate the role of PIN
auxin transporters in the regulation of hypocotyl growth in response to hAT. We show that via
adjustment of PIN3, PIN4 and PIN7 expression in cotyledons and hypocotyls, auxin distribution is modulated thereby determining elongation pattern of epidermal cells at hAT. Furthermore, we
identified three Zinc-Finger (ZF) transcription factors as novel molecular components of the
thermo-regulatory network, which through negative regulation of PIN transcription adjust the
transport of auxin at hAT. Our results suggest that the ZF-PIN module might be a part of the
negative feedback loop attenuating the activity of the thermo-sensing pathway to restrain
exaggerated growth and developmental responses to hAT.},
  author       = {Artner, Christina},
  isbn         = {978-3-99078-022-0},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  keywords     = {high ambient temperature, auxin, PINs, Zinc-Finger proteins, thermomorphogenesis, stress},
  pages        = {128},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Modulation of auxin transport via ZF proteins adjust plant response to high ambient temperature}},
  doi          = {10.15479/at:ista:11879},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{9212,
  abstract     = {Plant fitness is largely dependent on the root, the underground organ, which, besides its anchoring function, supplies the plant body with water and all nutrients necessary for growth and development. To exploit the soil effectively, roots must constantly integrate environmental signals and react through adjustment of growth and development. Important components of the root management strategy involve a rapid modulation of the root growth kinetics and growth direction, as well as an increase of the root system radius through formation of lateral roots (LRs). At the molecular level, such a fascinating growth and developmental flexibility of root organ requires regulatory networks that guarantee stability of the developmental program but also allows integration of various environmental inputs. The plant hormone auxin is one of the principal endogenous regulators of root system architecture by controlling primary root growth and formation of LR. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding molecular networks where auxin is one of the main players shaping the root system and acting as mediator between endogenous cues and environmental factors.},
  author       = {Cavallari, Nicola and Artner, Christina and Benková, Eva},
  issn         = {1943-0264},
  journal      = {Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology},
  number       = {7},
  publisher    = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press},
  title        = {{Auxin-regulated lateral root organogenesis}},
  doi          = {10.1101/cshperspect.a039941},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{9010,
  abstract     = {Availability of the essential macronutrient nitrogen in soil plays a critical role in plant growth, development, and impacts agricultural productivity. Plants have evolved different strategies for sensing and responding to heterogeneous nitrogen distribution. Modulation of root system architecture, including primary root growth and branching, is among the most essential plant adaptions to ensure adequate nitrogen acquisition. However, the immediate molecular pathways coordinating the adjustment of root growth in response to distinct nitrogen sources, such as nitrate or ammonium, are poorly understood. Here, we show that growth as manifested by cell division and elongation is synchronized by coordinated auxin flux between two adjacent outer tissue layers of the root. This coordination is achieved by nitrate‐dependent dephosphorylation of the PIN2 auxin efflux carrier at a previously uncharacterized phosphorylation site, leading to subsequent PIN2 lateralization and thereby regulating auxin flow between adjacent tissues. A dynamic computer model based on our experimental data successfully recapitulates experimental observations. Our study provides mechanistic insights broadening our understanding of root growth mechanisms in dynamic environments.},
  author       = {Ötvös, Krisztina and Marconi, Marco and Vega, Andrea and O’Brien, Jose and Johnson, Alexander J and Abualia, Rashed and Antonielli, Livio and Montesinos López, Juan C and Zhang, Yuzhou and Tan, Shutang and Cuesta, Candela and Artner, Christina and Bouguyon, Eleonore and Gojon, Alain and Friml, Jiří and Gutiérrez, Rodrigo A. and Wabnik, Krzysztof T and Benková, Eva},
  issn         = {1460-2075},
  journal      = {EMBO Journal},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {Embo Press},
  title        = {{Modulation of plant root growth by nitrogen source-defined regulation of polar auxin transport}},
  doi          = {10.15252/embj.2020106862},
  volume       = {40},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{6920,
  author       = {Artner, Christina and Benková, Eva},
  issn         = {1674-2052},
  journal      = {Molecular Plant},
  number       = {10},
  pages        = {1312--1314},
  publisher    = {Cell Press},
  title        = {{Ethylene and cytokinin - partners in root growth regulation}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.molp.2019.09.003},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2019},
}