[{"project":[{"_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452","name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","grant_number":"101069515"},{"name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","grant_number":"I05060","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1"},{"grant_number":"F8606","name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","day":"01","oa_version":"Published Version","doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:19885","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","oa":1,"citation":{"ieee":"J. Saez Mollejo, “Automated All-RF Tuning for Spin Qubit Readout and Control.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","ista":"Saez Mollejo J. 2025. Automated All-RF Tuning for Spin Qubit Readout and Control, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19885\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:19885</a>.","apa":"Saez Mollejo, J. (2025). Automated All-RF Tuning for Spin Qubit Readout and Control. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19885\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19885</a>","mla":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime. <i>Automated All-RF Tuning for Spin Qubit Readout and Control</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19885\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:19885</a>.","ama":"Saez Mollejo J. Automated All-RF Tuning for Spin Qubit Readout and Control. 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19885\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:19885</a>","short":"J. Saez Mollejo, (2025).","chicago":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime. “Automated All-RF Tuning for Spin Qubit Readout and Control.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19885\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19885</a>."},"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"GeKa"}],"month":"06","date_updated":"2025-07-01T07:19:26Z","_id":"19885","corr_author":"1","ddc":["530"],"title":"Automated All-RF Tuning for Spin Qubit Readout and Control","type":"research_data","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"file":[{"file_id":"19893","file_size":3404814792,"date_updated":"2025-06-24T15:14:13Z","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","creator":"jsaezmol","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"date_created":"2025-06-24T15:14:13Z","file_name":"DatasetsPaper.zip","checksum":"eff1ae9e46599fdfab8da00a2ca3c289","relation":"main_file"},{"file_id":"19899","file_size":622,"date_updated":"2025-06-25T07:11:52Z","content_type":"text/plain","access_level":"open_access","creator":"jsaezmol","success":1,"date_created":"2025-06-25T07:11:52Z","checksum":"21840ceac04d677a799b8e5bd919804f","file_name":"README.txt","relation":"main_file"}],"contributor":[{"last_name":"Carlsson","first_name":"Cornelius","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"first_name":"Federico ","contributor_type":"researcher","last_name":"Fedele"},{"last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":" Daniel ","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"first_name":"Giovanni ","contributor_type":"researcher","last_name":"Isella"},{"last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Georgios"},{"first_name":"Natalia","contributor_type":"researcher","last_name":"Ares"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This .zip file contains the data to reproduce the figures and supplementary figures of \"Automated All-RF Tuning for Spin Qubit Readout and Control\" by Cornelius Carlsson and Jaime Saez-Mollejo et al."}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2025-06-24T06:56:03Z","date_published":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","status":"public","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","year":"2025","acknowledgement":"The authors would like to thank Barnaby van Straaten, Jonas Schuff, Daniel Jirovec and Hanifa Tidjani for fruitful discussions. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication Facility. G.K. acknowledges support from the NOMIS Foundation, the HORIZON-RIA (project no. 101069515) and the FWF Projects (DOIs: 10.55776/F86 and 10.55776/I5060). N.A. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (grant agreement 948932), and the Royal Society (grant no. URF/R1/191150). This project received support from the US Army Research Office (ARO) under Award No. W911NF-24-2-0043. C.C. acknowledges support from the UKRI Doctoral Training Partnership related to EP/W524311/1 (project ref. 2887634).","file_date_updated":"2025-06-25T07:11:52Z","author":[{"full_name":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime","id":"e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714","first_name":"Jaime","last_name":"Saez Mollejo"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}]},{"quality_controlled":"1","article_number":"023022","issue":"2","author":[{"id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","first_name":"Marco","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","last_name":"Valentini"},{"full_name":"Souto, Rubén Seoane","first_name":"Rubén Seoane","last_name":"Souto"},{"last_name":"Borovkov","full_name":"Borovkov, Maksim","first_name":"Maksim","id":"1fd0975f-8b61-11ed-b69e-d149334f28c5"},{"last_name":"Krogstrup","full_name":"Krogstrup, Peter","first_name":"Peter"},{"last_name":"Meir","first_name":"Yigal","full_name":"Meir, Yigal"},{"full_name":"Leijnse, Martin","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Leijnse"},{"last_name":"Danon","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen","first_name":"Jeroen"},{"last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"publication":"Physical Review Research","year":"2025","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file_date_updated":"2025-04-22T09:00:08Z","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA, through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the FWF Project with DOI10.55776/F86. We acknowledge support from the European Research Council under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 856526, the Swedish Research Council under Grant Agreement No. 2020-03412, the Spanish Comunidad de Madrid (CM) “Talento Program” (Project No. 2022-T1/IND-24070), the Spanish Ministry of Science, innovation, and Universities through Grant PID2022-140552NA-I00 and NanoLund.","article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_created":"2025-04-20T22:01:28Z","date_published":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","DOAJ_listed":"1","status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","article_type":"original","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"file_id":"19604","file_size":1977581,"date_updated":"2025-04-22T09:00:08Z","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2025-04-22T09:00:08Z","checksum":"535351066e9c900340ef014893a09ac8","file_name":"2025_PhysReviewResearch_Valentini.pdf"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor–semiconductor hybrid systems play a crucial role in realizing nanoscale quantum devices, including hybrid qubits, Majorana bound states, and Kitaev chains. For such hybrid devices, subgap states play a prominent role in their operation. In this paper, we study these subgap states via Coulomb and tunneling spectroscopy through a superconducting island defined in a semiconductor nanowire fully coated by a superconductor. We systematically explore regimes ranging from an almost decoupled island to the open configuration. In the weak-coupling regime, the experimental observations are very similar in the absence of a magnetic field and when one flux quantum pierces the superconducting shell. Conversely, in the strong-coupling regime, significant distinctions emerge between the two cases. We attribute this distinct behavior to the existence of subgap states at one flux quantum, which become observable only for sufficiently strong coupling to the leads. We support our interpretation using a simple model to describe transport through the island. Our study highlights the importance of studying a broad range of tunnel couplings for understanding the rich physics of hybrid devices."}],"OA_type":"hybrid","type":"journal_article","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"month":"04","date_updated":"2025-11-06T14:22:43Z","_id":"19597","corr_author":"1","ddc":["530"],"title":"Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes","publisher":"American Physical Society","oa":1,"citation":{"chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Rubén Seoane Souto, Maksim Borovkov, Peter Krogstrup, Yigal Meir, Martin Leijnse, Jeroen Danon, and Georgios Katsaros. “Subgap Transport in Superconductor-Semiconductor Hybrid Islands: Weak and Strong Coupling Regimes.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022</a>.","short":"M. Valentini, R.S. Souto, M. Borovkov, P. Krogstrup, Y. Meir, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, G. Katsaros, Physical Review Research 7 (2025).","ama":"Valentini M, Souto RS, Borovkov M, et al. Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2025;7(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022\">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022</a>","ista":"Valentini M, Souto RS, Borovkov M, Krogstrup P, Meir Y, Leijnse M, Danon J, Katsaros G. 2025. Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes. Physical Review Research. 7(2), 023022.","apa":"Valentini, M., Souto, R. S., Borovkov, M., Krogstrup, P., Meir, Y., Leijnse, M., … Katsaros, G. (2025). Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022</a>","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Subgap transport in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2025.","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Subgap Transport in Superconductor-Semiconductor Hybrid Islands: Weak and Strong Coupling Regimes.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 2, 023022, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022\">10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022</a>."},"intvolume":"         7","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"project":[{"name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","grant_number":"F8606","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"}],"scopus_import":"1","volume":7,"has_accepted_license":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"01","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023022"},{"acknowledgement":"We thank A. Crippa for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the FWF Projects \r\nwith DOI:10.55776/F86 and DOI:10.55776/I5060. M.R.-R. acknowledges support from the Netherlands Organization of\r\n scientific Research (NWO) under Veni grant VI.Veni.212.223. The Research of S.B. and M.R.-R. was sponsored in part by the Army Research Office and was accomplished under Award Number: W911NF-23-1-0110.","file_date_updated":"2025-03-17T08:48:09Z","year":"2025","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"author":[{"id":"e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714","first_name":"Jaime","full_name":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime","last_name":"Saez Mollejo"}],"abstract":[{"text":"This .zip file contains the data to reproduce the figures and supplementary figures of \"Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits\" by Jaime Saez-Mollejo et al.\r\n","lang":"eng"}],"contributor":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801","first_name":"Daniel","id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Jirovec"},{"id":"fe39122d-06bb-11ec-a33b-9e22b40e40a5","first_name":"Yona A","last_name":"Schell"},{"last_name":"Kukucka","first_name":"Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano"},{"first_name":"Daniel ","last_name":"Chrastina"},{"last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni "},{"last_name":"Rimbach-Russ","first_name":"Maximilian"},{"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Bosco"},{"last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"}],"OA_type":"gold","file":[{"relation":"main_file","checksum":"1f21c8ea2196776aae51cc3a5d00e00b","file_name":"AllDataPublished.zip","date_created":"2025-03-17T08:48:09Z","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"jsaezmol","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","date_updated":"2025-03-17T08:48:09Z","file_size":21971911,"file_id":"19410"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","id":"19424","status":"public"}]},"status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2025-03-17T08:57:09Z","date_published":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","title":"Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits","ddc":["530"],"corr_author":"1","date_updated":"2026-05-20T06:42:16Z","_id":"19409","month":"03","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"research_data","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"17","doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:19409","has_accepted_license":"1","project":[{"grant_number":"101069515","name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"},{"name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","grant_number":"I05060","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1"},{"_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e","grant_number":"F8606","name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"GeKa"}],"oa":1,"citation":{"apa":"Saez Mollejo, J. (2025). Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19409\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19409</a>","ieee":"J. Saez Mollejo, “Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","ista":"Saez Mollejo J. 2025. Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19409\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:19409</a>.","mla":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime. <i>Exchange Anisotropies in Microwave-Driven Singlet-Triplet Qubits</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19409\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:19409</a>.","chicago":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime. “Exchange Anisotropies in Microwave-Driven Singlet-Triplet Qubits.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19409\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19409</a>.","short":"J. Saez Mollejo, (2025).","ama":"Saez Mollejo J. Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits. 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19409\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:19409</a>"},"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria"},{"acknowledgement":"We thank A. Crippa for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the FWF Projects with DOI:10.55776/F86 and DOI:10.55776/I5060. M.R.-R. acknowledges support from the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NWO) under Veni grant VI.Veni.212.223. The\r\nResearch of S.B. and M.R.-R. was sponsored in part by the Army Research Office and was accomplished under Award Number: W911NF-23-1-0110. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Office or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein.","file_date_updated":"2025-05-05T07:08:23Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"publication":"Nature Communications","year":"2025","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"isi":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"quality_controlled":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime","id":"e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714","first_name":"Jaime","last_name":"Saez Mollejo"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801","full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel","id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Jirovec"},{"full_name":"Schell, Yona A","id":"fe39122d-06bb-11ec-a33b-9e22b40e40a5","first_name":"Yona A","last_name":"Schell"},{"last_name":"Kukucka","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Josip","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip"},{"full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina"},{"last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"last_name":"Rimbach-Russ","first_name":"Maximilian","full_name":"Rimbach-Russ, Maximilian"},{"last_name":"Bosco","first_name":"Stefano","full_name":"Bosco, Stefano"},{"last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georgios"}],"article_number":"3862","file":[{"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2025-05-05T07:08:23Z","file_name":"2025_NatureComm_SaezMollejo.pdf","checksum":"13fe84cddc9d4e47213bf17acdac70d7","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"file_id":"19645","file_size":1548756,"date_updated":"2025-05-05T07:08:23Z"}],"OA_type":"gold","abstract":[{"text":"Hole spin qubits are rapidly emerging as the workhorse of semiconducting quantum processors because of their large spin-orbit interaction, enabling fast all-electric operations at low power. However, spin-orbit interaction also causes non-uniformities in devices, resulting in locally varying qubit energies and site-dependent anisotropies. While these anisotropies can be used to drive single-spins, if not properly harnessed, they can hinder the path toward large-scale quantum processors. Here, we report on microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits in planar germanium and use them to investigate the anisotropy of two spins in a double quantum dot. We show two distinct operating regimes depending on the magnetic field direction. For in-plane fields, the two spins are largely anisotropic, and electrically tunable, which enables to measure all the available transitions; coherence times exceeding 3 $\\mu$s are extracted. For out-of-plane fields, they have an isotropic response but preserve the substantial energy difference required to address the singlet-triplet qubit. Even in this field direction, where the qubit lifetime\r\nis strongly affected by nuclear spins, we find 400 ns coherence times. Our work adds a valuable tool to investigate and harness the anisotropy of spin qubits and can be implemented in any large-scale NxN device, facilitating the path towards scalable quantum processors.","lang":"eng"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"description":"News on ISTA website","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/the-shadow-of-an-electron/","relation":"research_data"}],"record":[{"id":"19409","status":"public","relation":"research_data"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"19836"}]},"article_type":"original","external_id":{"pmid":["40274808"],"isi":["001475587400022"],"arxiv":["2408.03224"]},"date_published":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2025-03-19T13:28:12Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes","OA_place":"publisher","status":"public","DOAJ_listed":"1","corr_author":"1","APC_amount":"7068 EUR","ddc":["530"],"title":"Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits","month":"04","_id":"19424","date_updated":"2026-05-30T22:31:23Z","type":"journal_article","pmid":1,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y","day":"24","oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452","grant_number":"101069515","name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology"},{"name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","grant_number":"F8606","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"},{"grant_number":"I05060","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1"},{"name":"Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices","_id":"262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"FWF Open Access Fund","_id":"3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1","call_identifier":"FWF"}],"scopus_import":"1","volume":16,"has_accepted_license":"1","intvolume":"        16","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"arxiv":1,"publication_status":"published","publisher":"Springer Nature","citation":{"mla":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime, et al. “Exchange Anisotropies in Microwave-Driven Singlet-Triplet Qubits.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16, 3862, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y\">10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y</a>.","apa":"Saez Mollejo, J., Jirovec, D., Schell, Y. A., Kukucka, J., Calcaterra, S., Chrastina, D., … Katsaros, G. (2025). Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y</a>","ieee":"J. Saez Mollejo <i>et al.</i>, “Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16. Springer Nature, 2025.","ista":"Saez Mollejo J, Jirovec D, Schell YA, Kukucka J, Calcaterra S, Chrastina D, Isella G, Rimbach-Russ M, Bosco S, Katsaros G. 2025. Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits. Nature Communications. 16, 3862.","chicago":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime, Daniel Jirovec, Yona A Schell, Josip Kukucka, Stefano Calcaterra, Daniel Chrastina, Giovanni Isella, Maximilian Rimbach-Russ, Stefano Bosco, and Georgios Katsaros. “Exchange Anisotropies in Microwave-Driven Singlet-Triplet Qubits.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y</a>.","short":"J. Saez Mollejo, D. Jirovec, Y.A. Schell, J. Kukucka, S. Calcaterra, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, M. Rimbach-Russ, S. Bosco, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 16 (2025).","ama":"Saez Mollejo J, Jirovec D, Schell YA, et al. Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2025;16. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y\">10.1038/s41467-025-58969-y</a>"},"oa":1},{"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"GeKa"}],"publication_status":"published","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","citation":{"mla":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime. <i>Singlet-Triplet Qubits in Planar Germanium : From Exchange Anisotropies to Autonomous Tuning </i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19836\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-19836</a>.","apa":"Saez Mollejo, J. (2025). <i>Singlet-triplet qubits in planar Germanium : From exchange anisotropies to autonomous tuning </i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19836\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19836</a>","ista":"Saez Mollejo J. 2025. Singlet-triplet qubits in planar Germanium : From exchange anisotropies to autonomous tuning . Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ieee":"J. Saez Mollejo, “Singlet-triplet qubits in planar Germanium : From exchange anisotropies to autonomous tuning ,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","ama":"Saez Mollejo J. Singlet-triplet qubits in planar Germanium : From exchange anisotropies to autonomous tuning . 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19836\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-19836</a>","short":"J. Saez Mollejo, Singlet-Triplet Qubits in Planar Germanium : From Exchange Anisotropies to Autonomous Tuning , Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","chicago":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime. “Singlet-Triplet Qubits in Planar Germanium : From Exchange Anisotropies to Autonomous Tuning .” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19836\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19836</a>."},"oa":1,"doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-19836","day":"13","oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","grant_number":"101069515","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"},{"grant_number":"F8606","name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"},{"grant_number":"I05060","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","type":"dissertation","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","corr_author":"1","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"title":"Singlet-triplet qubits in planar Germanium : From exchange anisotropies to autonomous tuning ","ddc":["530","539"],"month":"06","_id":"19836","date_updated":"2026-05-20T06:42:16Z","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"19424"}]},"date_published":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2025-06-13T09:01:50Z","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","degree_awarded":"PhD","file":[{"file_size":59892829,"date_updated":"2026-04-01T22:30:07Z","file_id":"19849","creator":"jsaezmol","access_level":"closed","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","file_name":"istaustriathesis-master - Copy.zip","checksum":"643bfddead59857536cce4d57c775b32","date_created":"2025-06-16T09:38:49Z","relation":"source_file","embargo_to":"open_access"},{"creator":"jsaezmol","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2026-04-01T22:30:07Z","file_size":22382376,"file_id":"19851","relation":"main_file","embargo":"2026-04-01","file_name":"SaezMollejo_PhDFinal_pdfa-1b.pdf","checksum":"e3dcb767fcc2b1787a455fdda991cefb","date_created":"2025-06-18T08:50:16Z"}],"page":"175","abstract":[{"text":"Over the past century, researchers have been fascinated by the quantum nature of the\r\nphysical world, initially striving to understand its fundamental principles and consequences, and\r\neventually progressing toward engineering systems that can control and manipulate quantum\r\nproperties. Today, we stand at the dawn of the quantum technology era. While some quantum\r\ntechnologies follow well-defined roadmaps, others are still in the exciting and uncertain early\r\nstages of development. In the fields of quantum computing and quantum simulation, research\r\nis being conducted across a wide variety of platforms. Each of these demonstrates control over\r\nquantum properties but also faces challenges in scaling up to the level of a mature technology.\r\nThis thesis explores some of the fundamental properties of hole spin qubits in planar germanium.\r\nSemiconductor spin qubits are considered strong candidates for the realization of quantum\r\nprocessors, owing to their long relaxation and coherence times, as well as their compatibility\r\nwith existing semiconductor industry infrastructure. Among these, hole spin qubits in planar\r\ngermanium are particularly promising. Their advantages include a large effective mass, which\r\neases fabrication constraints; inherent protection from hyperfine noise; and strong spin-orbit\r\ninteraction, which enables fast and purely electrical control. However, spin-orbit coupling also\r\nintroduces site-dependent variability across qubits, particularly in the g-tensors and spin-flip\r\ntunneling, which might cause that the quantization axes are not aligned. In this thesis, we\r\ninvestigate the tilt between the quantization axes of two hole spins hosted in a double quantum\r\ndot as a function of both the magnetic field direction and various electrostatic configurations,\r\ndemonstrating that both parameters influence this tilt. We conclude by introducing a machine-learning-assisted routine to automatically tune baseband spin qubits. This approach may prove\r\nto be a powerful tool for characterizing spin-orbit effects and gaining deeper insight into the\r\nphysics governing spin qubit behavior.\r\n","lang":"eng"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Saez Mollejo","full_name":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime","id":"e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714","first_name":"Jaime"}],"acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided\r\nby the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. We acknowledge the support from\r\nthe European Commission with the project Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology (with\r\nDOI:10.3030/101069515), the NOMIS Foundation, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and\r\nthe FWF Projects Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems:\r\nConventional and unconventional topological superconductors (with DOI:10.55776/F86) and\r\nHigh impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins (with DOI:10.55776/I5060).\r\n","file_date_updated":"2026-04-01T22:30:07Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"supervisor":[{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2025"},{"article_number":"169","author":[{"last_name":"Valentini","first_name":"Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","full_name":"Valentini, Marco"},{"full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Sagi"},{"full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon","id":"7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7","first_name":"Levon","last_name":"Baghumyan"},{"last_name":"de Gijsel","full_name":"de Gijsel, Thijs","id":"a0ece13c-b527-11ee-929d-bad130106eee","first_name":"Thijs"},{"last_name":"Jung","id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jason","full_name":"Jung, Jason"},{"last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano"},{"full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio"},{"last_name":"Aguilera Servin","orcid":"0000-0002-2862-8372","full_name":"Aguilera Servin, Juan L","first_name":"Juan L","id":"2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","first_name":"Kushagra","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","last_name":"Aggarwal"},{"last_name":"Janik","full_name":"Janik, Marian","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Marian"},{"last_name":"Adletzberger","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Seoane Souto","full_name":"Seoane Souto, Rubén","first_name":"Rubén"},{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Leijnse, Martin","last_name":"Leijnse"},{"last_name":"Danon","first_name":"Jeroen","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen"},{"last_name":"Schrade","full_name":"Schrade, Constantin","first_name":"Constantin"},{"full_name":"Bakkers, Erik","first_name":"Erik","last_name":"Bakkers"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina"},{"last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"last_name":"Katsaros","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"quality_controlled":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"year":"2024","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Nature Communications","isi":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"file_date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Francesco Giazotto, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano Scappucci, Christian Schonenberger, and Lukas Splitthoff for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the TEM analysis. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS\r\nFoundation. It was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research andinnovation programme under Grant Agreement No 862046, the HORIZONRIA\r\n101069515 project, the European Innovation Council Pathfinder grant no. 101115315 (QuKiT), and the FWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. R.S.S. acknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program\"\r\nProject No. 2022-T1/IND-24070. J.J. acknowledges European Research Council TOCINA 834290.","DOAJ_listed":"1","status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_published":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2024-01-14T23:00:56Z","external_id":{"isi":["001142794000839"],"pmid":["38167818"]},"article_type":"original","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing interest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement semiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of new ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this work, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium hole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We demonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux tunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a regime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a sin(2y) CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this interpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with ≈ 100% efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards integration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected) superconducting qubits on  the same silicon technology compatible platform."}],"OA_type":"gold","file":[{"file_id":"14825","date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","file_size":2336595,"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","checksum":"ef79173b45eeaf984ffa61ef2f8a52ab","file_name":"2024_NatureComm_Valentini.pdf","relation":"main_file"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"pmid":1,"type":"journal_article","ec_funded":1,"date_updated":"2025-10-15T06:31:47Z","_id":"14793","month":"01","APC_amount":"6468 EUR","title":"Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium","ddc":["530"],"corr_author":"1","oa":1,"citation":{"ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, de Gijsel T, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Aguilera Servin JL, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Seoane Souto R, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. Nature Communications. 15, 169.","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024.","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., de Gijsel, T., Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (2024). Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15, 169, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>.","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.L. Aguilera Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R. Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 15 (2024).","ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2024;15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>."},"publisher":"Springer Nature","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"intvolume":"        15","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","volume":15,"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","grant_number":"862046"},{"name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","grant_number":"101069515","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"},{"_id":"bdc2ca30-d553-11ed-ba76-cf164a5bb811","name":"Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons","grant_number":"101115315"},{"grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a","grant_number":"P36507","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge"},{"grant_number":"F8606","name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"},{"name":"FWF Open Access Fund","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","day":"02","doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0"},{"abstract":[{"text":"Semiconductor-superconductor hybrid systems are the harbour of many intriguing mesoscopic phenomena. This material combination leads to spatial variations of the superconducting properties, which gives rise to Andreev bound states (ABSs). Some of these states might exhibit remarkable properties that render them highly desirable for topological quantum computing. The most prominent and hunted of such states are Majorana zero modes (MZMs), quasiparticles equals to their own quasiparticles that they follow non-abelian statistics. In this thesis, we first introduce the general framework of such hybrid systems and, then, we unveil a series of mesoscopic phenomena that we discovered. Firstly, we show tunneling spectroscopy experiments on full-shell nanowires (NWs) showing that unwanted quantum-dot states coupled to superconductors (Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states) can mimic MZMs signatures. Then, we introduce a novel protocol which allowed the integration of tunneling spectroscopy with Coulomb spectroscopy within the same device. Employing this approach on both full-shell NWs and partial-shell NWs, we demonstrated that longitudinally confined states reveal charge transport phenomenology similar to the one expected for MZMs. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay between superconductivity and quantum confinement, which brought us to explore another material platform, i.e. a two-dimensional Germanium hole gas. After developing a robust way to induce superconductivity in such system, we showed how to engineer the proximity effect and we revealed a superconducting hard gap. Finally, we created a superconducting radio frequency driven ideal diode and a generator of non-sinusoidal current-phase relations. Our results open the path for the exploration of protected superconducting qubits and more complex hybrid devices in planar Germanium, like Kitaev chains and hybrid qubit devices.","lang":"eng"}],"page":"184","file":[{"relation":"source_file","checksum":"666ee31c7eade89679806287c062fa14","file_name":"PhD_thesis_Valentini_final.zip","date_created":"2023-08-11T09:27:39Z","creator":"mvalenti","access_level":"closed","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","file_size":56121429,"date_updated":"2023-08-11T10:01:34Z","file_id":"14033"},{"relation":"main_file","file_name":"PhD_thesis_Valentini_final_validated.pdf","checksum":"0992f2ebef152dee8e70055350ebbb55","date_created":"2023-08-11T14:39:17Z","creator":"mvalenti","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":38199711,"date_updated":"2023-08-11T14:39:17Z","file_id":"14035"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-07-24T14:10:45Z","date_published":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"12522","status":"public","relation":"research_data"},{"status":"public","id":"13312","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"12118","status":"public"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"8910","status":"public"}]},"year":"2023","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"supervisor":[{"last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"file_date_updated":"2023-08-11T14:39:17Z","author":[{"id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","first_name":"Marco","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","last_name":"Valentini"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","project":[{"name":"Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices","_id":"262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","grant_number":"862046","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e","grant_number":"F8606","name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","day":"21","doi":"10.15479/at:ista:13286","oa":1,"citation":{"short":"M. Valentini, Mesoscopic Phenomena in Hybrid Semiconductor-Superconductor Nanodevices : From Full-Shell Nanowires to Two-Dimensional Hole Gas in Germanium, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","ama":"Valentini M. Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium. 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286\">10.15479/at:ista:13286</a>","chicago":"Valentini, Marco. “Mesoscopic Phenomena in Hybrid Semiconductor-Superconductor Nanodevices : From Full-Shell Nanowires to Two-Dimensional Hole Gas in Germanium.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286</a>.","mla":"Valentini, Marco. <i>Mesoscopic Phenomena in Hybrid Semiconductor-Superconductor Nanodevices : From Full-Shell Nanowires to Two-Dimensional Hole Gas in Germanium</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286\">10.15479/at:ista:13286</a>.","ista":"Valentini M. 2023. Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ieee":"M. Valentini, “Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","apa":"Valentini, M. (2023). <i>Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286</a>"},"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"GeKa"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-07T13:27:22Z","_id":"13286","month":"07","title":"Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium","ddc":["530"],"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"corr_author":"1","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_sa.png"},"type":"dissertation","ec_funded":1},{"OA_place":"repository","status":"public","date_created":"2023-07-26T11:17:20Z","date_published":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"arxiv":["2306.07109"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"13286","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing\r\ninterest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement\r\nsemiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of\r\nnew ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this\r\nwork, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium\r\nhole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We\r\ndemonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux\r\ntunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference\r\ndevice (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a\r\nregime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a $ \\sin\r\n\\left( 2 \\varphi \\right)$ CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this\r\ninterpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with $ \\approx\r\n100 \\%$ efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards monolithic\r\nintegration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected)\r\nsuperconducting qubits on a silicon technology compatible platform."}],"author":[{"last_name":"Valentini","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","first_name":"Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425"},{"last_name":"Sagi","first_name":"Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver"},{"last_name":"Baghumyan","full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon","first_name":"Levon"},{"last_name":"Gijsel","full_name":"Gijsel, Thijs de","first_name":"Thijs de"},{"full_name":"Jung, Jason","id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Jung"},{"first_name":"Stefano","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra"},{"full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio"},{"last_name":"Servin","first_name":"Juan Aguilera","full_name":"Servin, Juan Aguilera"},{"full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","first_name":"Kushagra","last_name":"Aggarwal"},{"last_name":"Janik","full_name":"Janik, Marian","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Marian"},{"last_name":"Adletzberger","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Souto","first_name":"Rubén Seoane","full_name":"Souto, Rubén Seoane"},{"last_name":"Leijnse","first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Leijnse, Martin"},{"full_name":"Danon, Jeroen","first_name":"Jeroen","last_name":"Danon"},{"last_name":"Schrade","first_name":"Constantin","full_name":"Schrade, Constantin"},{"last_name":"Bakkers","full_name":"Bakkers, Erik","first_name":"Erik"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel"},{"last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georgios"}],"article_number":"2306.07109","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2023","publication":"arXiv","acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano\r\nScappucci and Christian Schonenberger for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the\r\nTEM analysis. This research and related results were made\r\npossible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation. It was\r\nsupported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the\r\nnanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020\r\nresearch and innovation programme under Grant Agreement\r\nNo 862046, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the\r\nFWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. R.S.S.\r\nacknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program” Project No.\r\n2022-T1/IND-24070.","citation":{"chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.A. Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.S. Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).","ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., Gijsel, T. de, Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, Gijsel T de, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Servin JA, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Souto RS, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. arXiv, 2306.07109.","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2306.07109, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>."},"oa":1,"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"arxiv":1,"publication_status":"draft","keyword":["Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics"],"project":[{"name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","grant_number":"862046","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"grant_number":"P36507","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"grant_number":"F8606","name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"},{"name":"Protected states of quantum matter","_id":"eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2"}],"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","day":"13","oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","open_access":"1"}],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"preprint","ec_funded":1,"_id":"13312","date_updated":"2026-04-07T13:27:22Z","month":"06","ddc":["530"],"title":"Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas","corr_author":"1"}]