---
_id: '13340'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Photoisomerization of azobenzenes from their stable E isomer to the metastable
Z state is the basis of numerous applications of these molecules. However, this
reaction typically requires ultraviolet light, which limits applicability. In
this study, we introduce disequilibration by sensitization under confinement (DESC),
a supramolecular approach to induce the E-to-Z isomerization by using light of
a desired color, including red. DESC relies on a combination of a macrocyclic
host and a photosensitizer, which act together to selectively bind and sensitize
E-azobenzenes for isomerization. The Z isomer lacks strong affinity for and is
expelled from the host, which can then convert additional E-azobenzenes to the
Z state. In this way, the host–photosensitizer complex converts photon energy
into chemical energy in the form of out-of-equilibrium photostationary states,
including ones that cannot be accessed through direct photoexcitation.
acknowledgement: We acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research
and Innovation Program [European Research Council grants 820008 (Ra.K.) and 101045223
(A.P.) and Marie Skłodowska-Curie grants 812868 (J.G.) and 101022777 (T.-P.R.)],
the Academy of Finland [Center of Excellence Programme LIBER grant 346107 (A.P.),
Flagship Programme PREIN grant 320165 (A.P.), and Postdoctoral Researcher grant
340103 (T.-P.R.)], Zuckerman STEM Leadership Program Fellowship (J.R.C.), President’s
PhD Scholarship (M.O.), and the EPSRC [Established Career Fellowship grant EP/R00188X/1
(M.J.F.)].
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Julius
full_name: Gemen, Julius
last_name: Gemen
- first_name: Jonathan R.
full_name: Church, Jonathan R.
last_name: Church
- first_name: Tero-Petri
full_name: Ruoko, Tero-Petri
last_name: Ruoko
- first_name: Nikita
full_name: Durandin, Nikita
last_name: Durandin
- first_name: Michał J.
full_name: Białek, Michał J.
last_name: Białek
- first_name: Maren
full_name: Weissenfels, Maren
last_name: Weissenfels
- first_name: Moran
full_name: Feller, Moran
last_name: Feller
- first_name: Miri
full_name: Kazes, Miri
last_name: Kazes
- first_name: Veniamin A.
full_name: Borin, Veniamin A.
last_name: Borin
- first_name: Magdalena
full_name: Odaybat, Magdalena
last_name: Odaybat
- first_name: Rishir
full_name: Kalepu, Rishir
last_name: Kalepu
- first_name: Yael
full_name: Diskin-Posner, Yael
last_name: Diskin-Posner
- first_name: Dan
full_name: Oron, Dan
last_name: Oron
- first_name: Matthew J.
full_name: Fuchter, Matthew J.
last_name: Fuchter
- first_name: Arri
full_name: Priimagi, Arri
last_name: Priimagi
- first_name: Igor
full_name: Schapiro, Igor
last_name: Schapiro
- first_name: Rafal
full_name: Klajn, Rafal
id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
last_name: Klajn
citation:
ama: Gemen J, Church JR, Ruoko T-P, et al. Disequilibrating azoarenes by visible-light
sensitization under confinement. Science. 2023;381(6664):1357-1363. doi:10.1126/science.adh9059
apa: Gemen, J., Church, J. R., Ruoko, T.-P., Durandin, N., Białek, M. J., Weissenfels,
M., … Klajn, R. (2023). Disequilibrating azoarenes by visible-light sensitization
under confinement. Science. American Association for the Advancement of
Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adh9059
chicago: Gemen, Julius, Jonathan R. Church, Tero-Petri Ruoko, Nikita Durandin, Michał
J. Białek, Maren Weissenfels, Moran Feller, et al. “Disequilibrating Azoarenes
by Visible-Light Sensitization under Confinement.” Science. American Association
for the Advancement of Science, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adh9059.
ieee: J. Gemen et al., “Disequilibrating azoarenes by visible-light sensitization
under confinement,” Science, vol. 381, no. 6664. American Association for
the Advancement of Science, pp. 1357–1363, 2023.
ista: Gemen J, Church JR, Ruoko T-P, Durandin N, Białek MJ, Weissenfels M, Feller
M, Kazes M, Borin VA, Odaybat M, Kalepu R, Diskin-Posner Y, Oron D, Fuchter MJ,
Priimagi A, Schapiro I, Klajn R. 2023. Disequilibrating azoarenes by visible-light
sensitization under confinement. Science. 381(6664), 1357–1363.
mla: Gemen, Julius, et al. “Disequilibrating Azoarenes by Visible-Light Sensitization
under Confinement.” Science, vol. 381, no. 6664, American Association for
the Advancement of Science, 2023, pp. 1357–63, doi:10.1126/science.adh9059.
short: J. Gemen, J.R. Church, T.-P. Ruoko, N. Durandin, M.J. Białek, M. Weissenfels,
M. Feller, M. Kazes, V.A. Borin, M. Odaybat, R. Kalepu, Y. Diskin-Posner, D. Oron,
M.J. Fuchter, A. Priimagi, I. Schapiro, R. Klajn, Science 381 (2023) 1357–1363.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-08-01T08:26:15Z
date_published: 2023-09-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-09T12:44:37Z
day: '22'
department:
- _id: RaKl
doi: 10.1126/science.adh9059
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '001100654900035'
pmid:
- '37733864'
intvolume: ' 381'
isi: 1
issue: '6664'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-gq2h0
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 1357-1363
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 7bef070e-9f16-11ee-852c-db9675e131d9
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '820008'
name: 'Dissipative self-assembly in synthetic systems: Towards life-like materials'
publication: Science
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1095-9203
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Disequilibrating azoarenes by visible-light sensitization under confinement
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 381
year: '2023'
...