---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '21291'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The complexity and specificity of movement in vertebrates is driven by a rich
diversity of spinal motor and interneuron cell types. During development, eleven
spinal cord progenitor domains generate an equivalent number of cardinal neuron
types. How progenitor domains, individual progenitors, and post-mitotic diversity
relate is still unknown. We performed high-resolution, single-progenitor cell
lineage tracing in the embryonic mouse spinal cord using mosaic analysis with
double markers (MADM). Our quantitative study of lineage progression revealed
that spinal cord progenitors undergo highly variable numbers of proliferative,
neurogenic, and gliogenic cell divisions. The nascent clonally-related neurons
migrate radially over large distances, span the dorsoventral axis, and even cross
the midline, demonstrating striking bilaterality. Molecular and morphometric analysis
indicate high levels of progenitor multipotency, with an individual progenitor
capable of producing several molecularly and morphologically distinct neuron types,
as well as astrocytes. These findings redefine spinal cord development as a process
in which lineage variability — rather than rigid progenitor identity — drives
the generation of cellular diversity.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: PreCl
- _id: Bio
acknowledgement: "We would like to thank Elizabeth Marin, Anna Kicheva, Igor Adameyko,
and James Briscoe as\r\nwell as members of the Sweeney and Hippemeyer labs and SFB
consortium for comments on\r\nthe manuscript. We are also grateful for the technical
support of the Preclinical and Imaging and\r\nOptics Facilities support teams (ISTA).
In addition, we thank our funding sources for providing\r\nthe resources to do these
experiments: Horizon Europe ERC Starting Grant Number 101041551\r\n(M.S.; L.B.S.);
Special Research Program (SFB) of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)\r\nNeuroStem Modulation
Project numbers F7814-B (S.A.G.; M.S.; G.S.; and L.B.S.) and F7805\r\n(G.C. and
S.H.). S.A.G is supported by a Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds PhD Fellowship, F.D.S.N.\r\nby
an Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) GROW fellowship, and G.C.
by an\r\nISTA Plus postdoctoral fellowship from the European Commission. S.H./L.B.S.
and G.C. were\r\nadditionally supported by institutional funds from the ISTA and
the University of Exeter,\r\nrespectively. "
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Sophie A
full_name: Gobeil, Sophie A
id: 2f3e9efb-eb24-11ec-86b2-88efb11d59fa
last_name: Gobeil
- first_name: Francisco
full_name: Da Silveira Neto, Francisco
id: 8cfb7412-10a7-11f1-add1-82b44e6418f2
last_name: Da Silveira Neto
- first_name: Giulia
full_name: Silvestrelli, Giulia
id: 12632ae8-799e-11ef-94a2-e5a3b5ef49e9
last_name: Silvestrelli
- first_name: Matthijs Geert
full_name: Smits, Matthijs Geert
id: 7a231d52-e216-11ee-a0bb-8acd55f8f1f0
last_name: Smits
- first_name: Carmen
full_name: Streicher, Carmen
id: 36BCB99C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Streicher
- first_name: Giselle T
full_name: Cheung, Giselle T
id: 471195F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cheung
orcid: 0000-0001-8457-2572
- first_name: Simon
full_name: Hippenmeyer, Simon
id: 37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hippenmeyer
orcid: 0000-0003-2279-1061
- first_name: Lora Beatrice Jaeger
full_name: Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger
id: 56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425
last_name: Sweeney
orcid: 0000-0001-9242-5601
citation:
ama: Gobeil SA, Da Silveira Neto F, Silvestrelli G, et al. Lineage origin of spinal
cord cell type diversity. bioRxiv. doi:10.64898/2026.02.12.705305
apa: Gobeil, S. A., Da Silveira Neto, F., Silvestrelli, G., Smits, M. G., Streicher,
C., Cheung, G. T., … Sweeney, L. B. (n.d.). Lineage origin of spinal cord cell
type diversity. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.02.12.705305
chicago: Gobeil, Sophie A, Francisco Da Silveira Neto, Giulia Silvestrelli, Matthijs
Geert Smits, Carmen Streicher, Giselle T Cheung, Simon Hippenmeyer, and Lora B.
Sweeney. “Lineage Origin of Spinal Cord Cell Type Diversity.” BioRxiv,
n.d. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.02.12.705305.
ieee: S. A. Gobeil et al., “Lineage origin of spinal cord cell type diversity,”
bioRxiv. .
ista: Gobeil SA, Da Silveira Neto F, Silvestrelli G, Smits MG, Streicher C, Cheung
GT, Hippenmeyer S, Sweeney LB. Lineage origin of spinal cord cell type diversity.
bioRxiv, 10.64898/2026.02.12.705305.
mla: Gobeil, Sophie A., et al. “Lineage Origin of Spinal Cord Cell Type Diversity.”
BioRxiv, doi:10.64898/2026.02.12.705305.
short: S.A. Gobeil, F. Da Silveira Neto, G. Silvestrelli, M.G. Smits, C. Streicher,
G.T. Cheung, S. Hippenmeyer, L.B. Sweeney, BioRxiv (n.d.).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-02-17T11:36:20Z
date_published: 2026-02-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-14T08:16:55Z
day: '16'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: SiHi
- _id: LoSw
doi: 10.64898/2026.02.12.705305
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.02.12.705305
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.02.12.705305
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: ebb66355-77a9-11ec-83b8-b8ac210a4dae
grant_number: '101041551'
name: Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits
- _id: 8da85f50-16d5-11f0-9cad-eab8b0ff6c9e
grant_number: F7814
name: 'Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P14-Swim-to-limb
transition: cell type to connection diversity'
- _id: 059F6AB4-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
grant_number: F7805
name: Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P05-Molecular
Mechanisms of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression
publication: bioRxiv
publication_status: submitted
status: public
title: Lineage origin of spinal cord cell type diversity
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '22926'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) provide a versatile tool for labeling neurons
in the Xenopus central nervous system across developmental stages. AAV-mediated
transgene expression is long-lasting and stable, enabling robust labeling of neuronal
populations without genomic integration and without the need to generate transgenic
lines. The choice of AAV capsid and promoter can restrict expression to a population
of interest, and depending on the route and timing of delivery, AAVs can selectively
target either progenitor-derived neuronal cohorts or mature neuronal populations.
Here, we have outlined two labeling strategies. First, intraventricular injections
in tadpoles transduce neural progenitor cells lining the ventricular system, resulting
in cohort-based labeling of neurons as they differentiate during development.
Second, direct intraparenchymal injections in post-metamorphic frogs enable spatially
restricted labeling and anterograde or retrograde tracing of connectivity within
defined brain regions. Together, these approaches provide selective access to
developing and mature neural circuits in X. laevis, supporting applications ranging
from anatomical tracing to functional imaging and manipulation of neural circuits.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by a Horizon Europe ERC Starting Grant Number
101041551 (L.B.S. and D.V.), FTI Strategy Lower Austria Dissertation Grant Number
FT121-D-046 (D.V.), NSF IOS Grant Number 2110086 (L.B.S. and D.V.), Special Research
Program (SFB) of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) F7814-B (L.B.S.), and Austrian
Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE16 (L.B.S. and D.V.).
alternative_title:
- Methods in Molecular Biology
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
author:
- first_name: David
full_name: Vijatovic, David
id: cf391e77-ec3c-11ea-a124-d69323410b58
last_name: Vijatovic
orcid: 0000-0002-5494-0941
- first_name: Lora Beatrice Jaeger
full_name: Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger
id: 56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425
last_name: Sweeney
orcid: 0000-0001-9242-5601
citation:
ama: 'Vijatovic D, Sweeney LB. Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for tracking neural
development and connectivity in Xenopus. In: Beck CW, ed. Xenopus. Vol
3049. MIMB. Springer; 2026:219-229. doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9'
apa: Vijatovic, D., & Sweeney, L. B. (2026). Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for
tracking neural development and connectivity in Xenopus. In C. W. Beck (Ed.),
Xenopus (Vol. 3049, pp. 219–229). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9
chicago: Vijatovic, David, and Lora B. Sweeney. “Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for
Tracking Neural Development and Connectivity in Xenopus.” In Xenopus, edited
by Caroline W. Beck, 3049:219–29. MIMB. Springer, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9.
ieee: D. Vijatovic and L. B. Sweeney, “Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for tracking
neural development and connectivity in Xenopus,” in Xenopus, vol. 3049,
C. W. Beck, Ed. Springer, 2026, pp. 219–229.
ista: 'Vijatovic D, Sweeney LB. 2026.Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for tracking neural
development and connectivity in Xenopus. In: Xenopus. Methods in Molecular Biology,
vol. 3049, 219–229.'
mla: Vijatovic, David, and Lora B. Sweeney. “Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for Tracking
Neural Development and Connectivity in Xenopus.” Xenopus, edited by Caroline
W. Beck, vol. 3049, Springer, 2026, pp. 219–29, doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9.
short: D. Vijatovic, L.B. Sweeney, in:, C.W. Beck (Ed.), Xenopus, Springer, 2026,
pp. 219–229.
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-13T22:01:56Z
date_published: 2026-09-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T08:03:32Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: LoSw
doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9
editor:
- first_name: Caroline W.
full_name: Beck, Caroline W.
last_name: Beck
external_id:
pmid:
- '42681226'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: ea5af1374dd6820830773e0e96535ac0
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-09-17T08:00:45Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T08:00:45Z
file_id: '22939'
file_name: 2026_MIMB_Vijatovic2.pdf
file_size: 852042
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-09-17T08:00:45Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 3049'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 219-229
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: ebb66355-77a9-11ec-83b8-b8ac210a4dae
grant_number: '101041551'
name: Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits
- _id: bd73af52-d553-11ed-ba76-912049f0ac7a
grant_number: FTI21-D-046
name: Development of V1 interneuron diversity during swim-to-walk transition of
Xenopus metamorphosis
- _id: 8da85f50-16d5-11f0-9cad-eab8b0ff6c9e
grant_number: F7814
name: 'Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P14-Swim-to-limb
transition: cell type to connection diversity'
- _id: cf428362-b037-11f1-b015-8277a8a2f63d
grant_number: COE16
name: Neuronal circuits in health and disease (Sweeney)
- _id: 34a02c70-11ca-11ed-8bc3-fbfd2c86c88f
grant_number: 3(GG016346-01)
name: Development of Viral Vectors for Amphibian Gene Delivery and Manipulation
publication: Xenopus
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1940-6029
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
series_title: MIMB
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for tracking neural development and connectivity
in Xenopus
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: book_chapter
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 3049
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '22925'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) enables highly sensitive and multiplexed
detection of mRNA with subcellular spatial resolution. It employs fluorophore-tagged
DNA hairpins that self-assemble on target-bound probe pairs, amplifying the signal
without enzymatic reactions. Here, we describe a protocol for performing HCR fluorescence
in situ hybridization (FISH) on Xenopus tissue sections. We also outline a semi-automated
image analysis pipeline that enables per-cell quantification of probe expression
and co-localization. This method provides a robust and quantitative approach for
visualizing gene expression patterns in situ.
acknowledgement: "This work was supported by a Horizon Europe ERC Starting Grant\r\nNumber
101041551 (L.B.S., D.V., S.P.), Special Research Program\r\n(SFB) of the Austrian
Science Fund (FWF) F7814-B (L.B.S., S.P.),\r\nAustrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE16
(L.B.S.), FTI\r\nStrategy Lower Austria Dissertation Grant Number FT121-D-046\r\n(D.V.),
and Austrian Academy of Sciences DOC Fellowship 27229\r\n(S.P.). We also thank the
Imaging & Optics and Scientific Computing Facilities at ISTA for their support in
developing the quantification pipeline."
alternative_title:
- Methods in Molecular Biology
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: David
full_name: Vijatovic, David
id: cf391e77-ec3c-11ea-a124-d69323410b58
last_name: Vijatovic
orcid: 0000-0002-5494-0941
- first_name: Stavros
full_name: Papadopoulos, Stavros
id: 40606b92-f128-11eb-9611-bf66a98cfa5c
last_name: Papadopoulos
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Dalla Vecchia, Marco
id: 02a7a869-ff06-11ed-a87f-86649d6077e5
last_name: Dalla Vecchia
- first_name: Lora Beatrice Jaeger
full_name: Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger
id: 56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425
last_name: Sweeney
orcid: 0000-0001-9242-5601
citation:
ama: 'Vijatovic D, Papadopoulos S, Dalla Vecchia M, Sweeney LB. Fluorescent in situ
mRNA hybridization (FISH) using Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) in Xenopus
cryosections. In: Beck CW, ed. Xenopus. Vol 3049. MIMB. Springer; 2026:245-259.
doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11'
apa: Vijatovic, D., Papadopoulos, S., Dalla Vecchia, M., & Sweeney, L. B. (2026).
Fluorescent in situ mRNA hybridization (FISH) using Hybridization Chain Reaction
(HCR) in Xenopus cryosections. In C. W. Beck (Ed.), Xenopus (Vol. 3049,
pp. 245–259). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11
chicago: Vijatovic, David, Stavros Papadopoulos, Marco Dalla Vecchia, and Lora B.
Sweeney. “Fluorescent in Situ MRNA Hybridization (FISH) Using Hybridization Chain
Reaction (HCR) in Xenopus Cryosections.” In Xenopus, edited by Caroline
W. Beck, 3049:245–59. MIMB. Springer, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11.
ieee: D. Vijatovic, S. Papadopoulos, M. Dalla Vecchia, and L. B. Sweeney, “Fluorescent
in situ mRNA hybridization (FISH) using Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) in
Xenopus cryosections,” in Xenopus, vol. 3049, C. W. Beck, Ed. Springer,
2026, pp. 245–259.
ista: 'Vijatovic D, Papadopoulos S, Dalla Vecchia M, Sweeney LB. 2026.Fluorescent
in situ mRNA hybridization (FISH) using Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) in
Xenopus cryosections. In: Xenopus. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 3049, 245–259.'
mla: Vijatovic, David, et al. “Fluorescent in Situ MRNA Hybridization (FISH) Using
Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) in Xenopus Cryosections.” Xenopus, edited
by Caroline W. Beck, vol. 3049, Springer, 2026, pp. 245–59, doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11.
short: D. Vijatovic, S. Papadopoulos, M. Dalla Vecchia, L.B. Sweeney, in:, C.W.
Beck (Ed.), Xenopus, Springer, 2026, pp. 245–259.
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-13T22:01:55Z
date_published: 2026-09-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T07:31:16Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: LoSw
- _id: GradSch
- _id: IAS
doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11
editor:
- first_name: Caroline W.
full_name: Beck, Caroline W.
last_name: Beck
external_id:
pmid:
- '42681228'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: e7a075a9ee1b91d5824f8f2b9b1f3c9b
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-09-17T07:28:53Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T07:28:53Z
file_id: '22938'
file_name: 2026_MIMB_Vijatovic.pdf
file_size: 1004024
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-09-17T07:28:53Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 3049'
keyword:
- mRNA FISH
- Hybridization chain reaction
- In situ hybridization
- Fluorescence microscopy
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 245-259
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: ebb66355-77a9-11ec-83b8-b8ac210a4dae
grant_number: '101041551'
name: Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits
- _id: 8da85f50-16d5-11f0-9cad-eab8b0ff6c9e
grant_number: F7814
name: 'Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P14-Swim-to-limb
transition: cell type to connection diversity'
- _id: cf428362-b037-11f1-b015-8277a8a2f63d
grant_number: COE16
name: Neuronal circuits in health and disease (Sweeney)
- _id: bd73af52-d553-11ed-ba76-912049f0ac7a
grant_number: FTI21-D-046
name: Development of V1 interneuron diversity during swim-to-walk transition of
Xenopus metamorphosis
- _id: 907b765e-16d5-11f0-9cad-fef108a945b1
grant_number: '27229'
name: 'A Tale of Two Circuits: Rostrocaudal spinal cord patterning during the swim-to-limb
transition of Xenopus metamorphosis'
publication: Xenopus
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1940-6029
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
series_title: MIMB
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: Fluorescent in situ mRNA hybridization (FISH) using Hybridization Chain Reaction
(HCR) in Xenopus cryosections
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: book_chapter
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 3049
year: '2026'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21746'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: As vertebrates transitioned from water to land, locomotion shifted from undulatory
swimming to limb-based movement. How spinal circuits and their cell types evolved
to support this transition remains unclear. We leverage frog metamorphosis, which
recapitulates this transition within a single organism, to define how spinal circuits
generate aquatic versus terrestrial motor patterns. At swim stages, spinal architecture
is uniform, with a transcriptionally and anatomically homogeneous motor and interneurons.
As limbs develop and their movement complexifies, spinal circuits expand in neuron
number and subtype diversity. This expansion is most pronounced for V1 inhibitory
neurons, which increase ∼70-fold and diversify into transcriptionally distinct
subtypes. Disrupting transcription factors defining emerging motor and V1 populations
reveals molecular segregation between swim and limb circuits, highlighting the
role of subtype diversity in motor coordination. A multifold increase in inhibitory
neuron diversity thus underlies the tail-to-limb locomotor transition, providing
a framework for spinal circuit adaptation during vertebrate evolution.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: LifeSc
acknowledgement: 'We would like to thank the members of the Sweeney Lab, Mario de
Bono, Michael Forsthofer, Katharina Lust, and Meital Oren, for comments on the manuscript.
We are also grateful to Tom Jessell and Chris Kintner for their scientific insight
and mentorship during the conception of this project. It would also have not been
possible without the technical support of the Aquatics and Imaging and Optics Facility
support teams (ISTA). We thank Martin Estermann for preparing the initial draft
of the graphical abstract and Niki Barolini for the final version. In addition,
we thank our funding sources for providing the resources to do these experiments:
GFF NÖ FTI Strategy Lower Austria dissertation grant FT121-D-046 (to D.V.), Horizon
Europe ERC starting grant 101041551 (to Y.I., L.B.S., F.A.T., and D.V.), Special
Research Program (SFB) of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project F7814-B (to L.B.S.),
Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE16 (to Y.I. and L.B.S.), NINDS 5R35NS116858
(to J.S.D.), CZI grant DAF2020-225401 (DOI) 10.37921/120055ratwvi (to R.H.), NIH
grant R01NS123116 (to J.B.B.), American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC)
(to J.B.B.), German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) IFI grant 57515251-91853472
(to Z.H.), and Project A.L.S. (to S.B.-M.).'
article_number: '117227'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: David
full_name: Vijatovic, David
id: cf391e77-ec3c-11ea-a124-d69323410b58
last_name: Vijatovic
orcid: 0000-0002-5494-0941
- first_name: 'Florina Alexandra '
full_name: 'Toma, Florina Alexandra '
id: 2f73f876-f128-11eb-9611-b96b5a30cb0e
last_name: Toma
- first_name: Y
full_name: Ignatyev, Y
last_name: Ignatyev
- first_name: Zoe P
full_name: Harrington, Zoe P
id: a8144562-32c9-11ee-b5ce-d9800628bda2
last_name: Harrington
orcid: 0009-0008-0158-4032
- first_name: Christoph M
full_name: Sommer, Christoph M
id: 4DF26D8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sommer
orcid: 0000-0003-1216-9105
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Hauschild, Robert
id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hauschild
orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Matthijs Geert
full_name: Smits, Matthijs Geert
id: 7a231d52-e216-11ee-a0bb-8acd55f8f1f0
last_name: Smits
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Dalla Vecchia, Marco
id: 02a7a869-ff06-11ed-a87f-86649d6077e5
last_name: Dalla Vecchia
- first_name: Alexandra J.
full_name: Trevisan, Alexandra J.
last_name: Trevisan
- first_name: Phillip
full_name: Chapman, Phillip
last_name: Chapman
- first_name: Mara
full_name: Julseth, Mara
id: 1cf464b2-dc7d-11ea-9b2f-f9b1aa9417d1
last_name: Julseth
- first_name: Susan
full_name: Brenner-Morton, Susan
last_name: Brenner-Morton
- first_name: Mariano I.
full_name: Gabitto, Mariano I.
last_name: Gabitto
- first_name: Jeremy S.
full_name: Dasen, Jeremy S.
last_name: Dasen
- first_name: Jay B.
full_name: Bikoff, Jay B.
last_name: Bikoff
- first_name: Lora Beatrice Jaeger
full_name: Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger
id: 56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425
last_name: Sweeney
orcid: 0000-0001-9242-5601
citation:
ama: Vijatovic D, Toma FA, Ignatyev Y, et al. Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory
cell types with emergence of limb movement. Cell Reports. 2026;45(4). doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227
apa: Vijatovic, D., Toma, F. A., Ignatyev, Y., Harrington, Z. P., Sommer, C. M.,
Hauschild, R., … Sweeney, L. B. (2026). Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory
cell types with emergence of limb movement. Cell Reports. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227
chicago: Vijatovic, David, Florina Alexandra Toma, Y Ignatyev, Zoe P Harrington,
Christoph M Sommer, Robert Hauschild, Matthijs Geert Smits, et al. “Multifold
Increase in Spinal Inhibitory Cell Types with Emergence of Limb Movement.” Cell
Reports. Cell Press, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227.
ieee: D. Vijatovic et al., “Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory cell
types with emergence of limb movement,” Cell Reports, vol. 45, no. 4. Cell
Press, 2026.
ista: Vijatovic D, Toma FA, Ignatyev Y, Harrington ZP, Sommer CM, Hauschild R, Smits
MG, Dalla Vecchia M, Trevisan AJ, Chapman P, Julseth M, Brenner-Morton S, Gabitto
MI, Dasen JS, Bikoff JB, Sweeney LB. 2026. Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory
cell types with emergence of limb movement. Cell Reports. 45(4), 117227.
mla: Vijatovic, David, et al. “Multifold Increase in Spinal Inhibitory Cell Types
with Emergence of Limb Movement.” Cell Reports, vol. 45, no. 4, 117227,
Cell Press, 2026, doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227.
short: D. Vijatovic, F.A. Toma, Y. Ignatyev, Z.P. Harrington, C.M. Sommer, R. Hauschild,
M.G. Smits, M. Dalla Vecchia, A.J. Trevisan, P. Chapman, M. Julseth, S. Brenner-Morton,
M.I. Gabitto, J.S. Dasen, J.B. Bikoff, L.B. Sweeney, Cell Reports 45 (2026).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-04-19T22:07:43Z
date_published: 2026-04-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-20T09:04:23Z
day: '28'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: LoSw
- _id: GradSch
- _id: TiVo
- _id: Bio
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227
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date_created: 2026-05-04T12:20:10Z
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issue: '4'
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month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
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grant_number: '101041551'
name: Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits
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grant_number: F7814
name: 'Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P14-Swim-to-limb
transition: cell type to connection diversity'
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grant_number: CZI01
name: Tools for automation and feedback microscopy
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publisher: Cell Press
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scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory cell types with emergence of limb movement
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 45
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '15016'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Amphibians, by virtue of their phylogenetic position, provide invaluable insights
on nervous system evolution, development, and remodeling. The genetic toolkit
for amphibians, however, remains limited. Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors
(AAVs) are a powerful alternative to transgenesis for labeling and manipulating
neurons. Although successful in mammals, AAVs have never been shown to transduce
amphibian cells efficiently. We screened AAVs in three amphibian species—the frogs
Xenopus laevis and Pelophylax bedriagae and the salamander Pleurodeles waltl—and
identified at least two AAV serotypes per species that transduce neurons. In developing
amphibians, AAVs labeled groups of neurons generated at the same time during development.
In the mature brain, AAVrg retrogradely traced long-range projections. Our study
introduces AAVs as a tool for amphibian research, establishes a generalizable
workflow for AAV screening in new species, and expands opportunities for cross-species
comparisons of nervous system development, function, and evolution.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: PreCl
- _id: Bio
acknowledgement: 'We thank members of the Sweeney, Tosches, Shein-Idelson, Yamaguchi,
Kelley, and Cline Labs for their contributions to this project, discussion, and
support. We additionally thank the Beckman Institute CLOVER Center and Viviana Gradinaru
(Caltech), Kimberly Ritola (UNC NeuroTools), and Flavia Gomez-Leite (ISTA Viral
Core) for AAV production and consultation; Andras Simon and Alberto Joven (Karolinska
Institute) for feedback; Elizabeth Bagnato-Cohen (Columbia) for project coordination;
our animal care and imaging facilities; the amphibian stock centers (NXR, EXRC,
and XenopusExpress); and our funding sources: NSF IOS 2110086 (D.B.K., L.B.S., M.A.T.,
A.Y., and H.T.C.); US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) 2020702 (M.S.-I.);
FTI Strategy Lower Austria Dissertation FT121-D-046 (D.V.); Horizon Europe ERC Starting
Grant 101041551 and Special Research Programme (SFB) of the Austrian Science Fund
(FWF) project F7814-B (L.B.S.); NIH grant R35GM146973, Rita Allen Foundation Award
GA_032522_FE, and CZI Ben Barres Early Career Acceleration Award 2023-331758 (M.A.T.);
EMBO Long-Term Fellowship ALTF 874-2021 (A.D.); and NSF GRFP DGE 2036197 (E.C.B.J.).'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Eliza C.B.
full_name: Jaeger, Eliza C.B.
last_name: Jaeger
- first_name: David
full_name: Vijatovic, David
id: cf391e77-ec3c-11ea-a124-d69323410b58
last_name: Vijatovic
orcid: 0000-0002-5494-0941
- first_name: Astrid
full_name: Deryckere, Astrid
last_name: Deryckere
- first_name: Nikol
full_name: Zorin, Nikol
last_name: Zorin
- first_name: Akemi L.
full_name: Nguyen, Akemi L.
last_name: Nguyen
- first_name: Georgiy
full_name: Ivanian, Georgiy
id: eaf2b366-cfd1-11ee-bbdf-c8790f800a05
last_name: Ivanian
orcid: 0009-0002-3999-3735
- first_name: Jamie
full_name: Woych, Jamie
last_name: Woych
- first_name: Rebecca C
full_name: Arnold, Rebecca C
id: d6cce458-14c9-11ed-a755-c1c8fc6fde6f
last_name: Arnold
- first_name: Alonso
full_name: Ortega Gurrola, Alonso
last_name: Ortega Gurrola
- first_name: Arik
full_name: Shvartsman, Arik
last_name: Shvartsman
- first_name: Francesca
full_name: Barbieri, Francesca
id: a9492887-8972-11ed-ae7b-bfae10998254
last_name: Barbieri
- first_name: Florina-Alexandra
full_name: Toma, Florina-Alexandra
id: 85dd99f2-15b2-11ec-abd3-d1ae4d57f3b5
last_name: Toma
- first_name: Gary J.
full_name: Gorbsky, Gary J.
last_name: Gorbsky
- first_name: Marko E.
full_name: Horb, Marko E.
last_name: Horb
- first_name: Hollis T.
full_name: Cline, Hollis T.
last_name: Cline
- first_name: Timothy F.
full_name: Shay, Timothy F.
last_name: Shay
- first_name: Darcy B.
full_name: Kelley, Darcy B.
last_name: Kelley
- first_name: Ayako
full_name: Yamaguchi, Ayako
last_name: Yamaguchi
- first_name: Mark
full_name: Shein-Idelson, Mark
last_name: Shein-Idelson
- first_name: Maria Antonietta
full_name: Tosches, Maria Antonietta
last_name: Tosches
- first_name: Lora Beatrice Jaeger
full_name: Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger
id: 56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425
last_name: Sweeney
orcid: 0000-0001-9242-5601
citation:
ama: Jaeger ECB, Vijatovic D, Deryckere A, et al. Adeno-associated viral tools to
trace neural development and connectivity across amphibians. Developmental
Cell. 2025;60(5):794-812.e6. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025
apa: Jaeger, E. C. B., Vijatovic, D., Deryckere, A., Zorin, N., Nguyen, A. L., Ivanian,
G., … Sweeney, L. B. (2025). Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural development
and connectivity across amphibians. Developmental Cell. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025
chicago: Jaeger, Eliza C.B., David Vijatovic, Astrid Deryckere, Nikol Zorin, Akemi
L. Nguyen, Georgiy Ivanian, Jamie Woych, et al. “Adeno-Associated Viral Tools
to Trace Neural Development and Connectivity across Amphibians.” Developmental
Cell. Cell Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025.
ieee: E. C. B. Jaeger et al., “Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural
development and connectivity across amphibians,” Developmental Cell, vol.
60, no. 5. Cell Press, p. 794–812.e6, 2025.
ista: Jaeger ECB, Vijatovic D, Deryckere A, Zorin N, Nguyen AL, Ivanian G, Woych
J, Arnold RC, Ortega Gurrola A, Shvartsman A, Barbieri F, Toma F-A, Gorbsky GJ,
Horb ME, Cline HT, Shay TF, Kelley DB, Yamaguchi A, Shein-Idelson M, Tosches MA,
Sweeney LB. 2025. Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural development and
connectivity across amphibians. Developmental Cell. 60(5), 794–812.e6.
mla: Jaeger, Eliza C. B., et al. “Adeno-Associated Viral Tools to Trace Neural Development
and Connectivity across Amphibians.” Developmental Cell, vol. 60, no. 5,
Cell Press, 2025, p. 794–812.e6, doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025.
short: E.C.B. Jaeger, D. Vijatovic, A. Deryckere, N. Zorin, A.L. Nguyen, G. Ivanian,
J. Woych, R.C. Arnold, A. Ortega Gurrola, A. Shvartsman, F. Barbieri, F.-A. Toma,
G.J. Gorbsky, M.E. Horb, H.T. Cline, T.F. Shay, D.B. Kelley, A. Yamaguchi, M.
Shein-Idelson, M.A. Tosches, L.B. Sweeney, Developmental Cell 60 (2025) 794–812.e6.
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: 'FAMD RStudio code and raw data used for analysis of post-metamorphic
P. waltl injection outcomes are available via Dryad repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r89.
Any additional information required to reanalyze the data reported in this paper
is available from the lead contact upon request.'
date_created: 2024-02-20T09:20:32Z
date_published: 2025-03-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-20T08:56:33Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: LoSw
- _id: MaDe
- _id: GaNo
doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025
external_id:
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-06-04T05:43:27Z
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intvolume: ' 60'
isi: 1
issue: '5'
language:
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month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 794-812.e6
pmid: 1
project:
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grant_number: FTI21-D-046
name: Development of V1 interneuron diversity during swim-to-walk transition of
Xenopus metamorphosis
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grant_number: '101041551'
name: Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits
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grant_number: F7814
name: 'Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P14-Swim-to-limb
transition: cell type to connection diversity'
publication: Developmental Cell
publication_identifier:
eissn:
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issn:
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publisher: Cell Press
quality_controlled: '1'
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relation: research_data
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supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural development and connectivity across
amphibians
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
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year: '2025'
...