[{"ddc":["570"],"das_tickbox":"0","volume":3049,"intvolume":"      3049","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by a Horizon Europe ERC Starting Grant Number 101041551 (L.B.S. and D.V.), FTI Strategy Lower Austria Dissertation Grant Number FT121-D-046 (D.V.), NSF IOS Grant Number 2110086 (L.B.S. and D.V.), Special Research Program (SFB) of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) F7814-B (L.B.S.), and Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE16 (L.B.S. and D.V.).","alternative_title":["Methods in Molecular Biology"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) provide a versatile tool for labeling neurons in the Xenopus central nervous system across developmental stages. AAV-mediated transgene expression is long-lasting and stable, enabling robust labeling of neuronal populations without genomic integration and without the need to generate transgenic lines. The choice of AAV capsid and promoter can restrict expression to a population of interest, and depending on the route and timing of delivery, AAVs can selectively target either progenitor-derived neuronal cohorts or mature neuronal populations. Here, we have outlined two labeling strategies. First, intraventricular injections in tadpoles transduce neural progenitor cells lining the ventricular system, resulting in cohort-based labeling of neurons as they differentiate during development. Second, direct intraparenchymal injections in post-metamorphic frogs enable spatially restricted labeling and anterograde or retrograde tracing of connectivity within defined brain regions. Together, these approaches provide selective access to developing and mature neural circuits in X. laevis, supporting applications ranging from anatomical tracing to functional imaging and manipulation of neural circuits."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"series_title":"MIMB","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1940-6029"]},"doi":"10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)"},"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"apa":"Vijatovic, D., &#38; Sweeney, L. B. (2026). Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for tracking neural development and connectivity in Xenopus. In C. W. Beck (Ed.), <i>Xenopus</i> (Vol. 3049, pp. 219–229). Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9</a>","ista":"Vijatovic D, Sweeney LB. 2026.Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for tracking neural development and connectivity in Xenopus. In: Xenopus. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 3049, 219–229.","mla":"Vijatovic, David, and Lora B. Sweeney. “Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for Tracking Neural Development and Connectivity in Xenopus.” <i>Xenopus</i>, edited by Caroline W. Beck, vol. 3049, Springer, 2026, pp. 219–29, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9\">10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9</a>.","ieee":"D. Vijatovic and L. B. Sweeney, “Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for tracking neural development and connectivity in Xenopus,” in <i>Xenopus</i>, vol. 3049, C. W. Beck, Ed. Springer, 2026, pp. 219–229.","ama":"Vijatovic D, Sweeney LB. Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for tracking neural development and connectivity in Xenopus. In: Beck CW, ed. <i>Xenopus</i>. Vol 3049. MIMB. Springer; 2026:219-229. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9\">10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9</a>","chicago":"Vijatovic, David, and Lora B. Sweeney. “Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for Tracking Neural Development and Connectivity in Xenopus.” In <i>Xenopus</i>, edited by Caroline W. Beck, 3049:219–29. MIMB. Springer, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9</a>.","short":"D. Vijatovic, L.B. Sweeney, in:, C.W. Beck (Ed.), Xenopus, Springer, 2026, pp. 219–229."},"editor":[{"full_name":"Beck, Caroline W.","first_name":"Caroline W.","last_name":"Beck"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["42681226"]},"oa_version":"Published Version","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_9","open_access":"1"}],"day":"02","date_updated":"2026-09-17T08:03:32Z","month":"09","researchdata_availability":"no","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","title":"Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) for tracking neural development and connectivity in Xenopus","date_created":"2026-09-13T22:01:56Z","supplementarymaterial":"no","_id":"22926","author":[{"first_name":"David","orcid":"0000-0002-5494-0941","last_name":"Vijatovic","full_name":"Vijatovic, David","id":"cf391e77-ec3c-11ea-a124-d69323410b58"},{"id":"56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425","full_name":"Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger","last_name":"Sweeney","orcid":"0000-0001-9242-5601","first_name":"Lora Beatrice Jaeger"}],"date_published":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","publication":"Xenopus","file":[{"creator":"dernst","file_name":"2026_MIMB_Vijatovic2.pdf","checksum":"ea5af1374dd6820830773e0e96535ac0","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-09-17T08:00:45Z","file_size":852042,"date_updated":"2026-09-17T08:00:45Z","file_id":"22939","success":1}],"type":"book_chapter","year":"2026","scopus_import":"1","corr_author":"1","department":[{"_id":"LoSw"}],"OA_type":"hybrid","project":[{"grant_number":"101041551","_id":"ebb66355-77a9-11ec-83b8-b8ac210a4dae","name":"Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits"},{"name":"Development of V1 interneuron diversity during swim-to-walk transition of Xenopus metamorphosis","grant_number":"FTI21-D-046","_id":"bd73af52-d553-11ed-ba76-912049f0ac7a"},{"_id":"8da85f50-16d5-11f0-9cad-eab8b0ff6c9e","grant_number":"F7814","name":"Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P14-Swim-to-limb transition: cell type to connection diversity"},{"name":"Neuronal circuits in health and disease (Sweeney)","_id":"cf428362-b037-11f1-b015-8277a8a2f63d","grant_number":"COE16"},{"name":"Development of Viral Vectors for Amphibian Gene Delivery and Manipulation","_id":"34a02c70-11ca-11ed-8bc3-fbfd2c86c88f","grant_number":"3(GG016346-01)"}],"pmid":1,"quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"OA_place":"publisher","publisher":"Springer","publication_status":"published","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","page":"219-229","file_date_updated":"2026-09-17T08:00:45Z"},{"page":"245-259","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file_date_updated":"2026-09-17T07:28:53Z","publisher":"Springer","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"OA_place":"publisher","pmid":1,"OA_type":"hybrid","department":[{"_id":"LoSw"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"IAS"}],"project":[{"name":"Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits","_id":"ebb66355-77a9-11ec-83b8-b8ac210a4dae","grant_number":"101041551"},{"_id":"8da85f50-16d5-11f0-9cad-eab8b0ff6c9e","grant_number":"F7814","name":"Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P14-Swim-to-limb transition: cell type to connection diversity"},{"name":"Neuronal circuits in health and disease (Sweeney)","_id":"cf428362-b037-11f1-b015-8277a8a2f63d","grant_number":"COE16"},{"grant_number":"FTI21-D-046","_id":"bd73af52-d553-11ed-ba76-912049f0ac7a","name":"Development of V1 interneuron diversity during swim-to-walk transition of Xenopus metamorphosis"},{"name":"A Tale of Two Circuits: Rostrocaudal spinal cord patterning during the swim-to-limb transition of Xenopus metamorphosis","grant_number":"27229","_id":"907b765e-16d5-11f0-9cad-fef108a945b1"}],"year":"2026","type":"book_chapter","scopus_import":"1","corr_author":"1","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","checksum":"e7a075a9ee1b91d5824f8f2b9b1f3c9b","file_name":"2026_MIMB_Vijatovic.pdf","creator":"dernst","success":1,"file_id":"22938","date_updated":"2026-09-17T07:28:53Z","date_created":"2026-09-17T07:28:53Z","file_size":1004024}],"publication":"Xenopus","author":[{"last_name":"Vijatovic","orcid":"0000-0002-5494-0941","first_name":"David","id":"cf391e77-ec3c-11ea-a124-d69323410b58","full_name":"Vijatovic, David"},{"last_name":"Papadopoulos","first_name":"Stavros","id":"40606b92-f128-11eb-9611-bf66a98cfa5c","full_name":"Papadopoulos, Stavros"},{"last_name":"Dalla Vecchia","first_name":"Marco","id":"02a7a869-ff06-11ed-a87f-86649d6077e5","full_name":"Dalla Vecchia, Marco"},{"first_name":"Lora Beatrice Jaeger","orcid":"0000-0001-9242-5601","last_name":"Sweeney","full_name":"Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger","id":"56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425"}],"date_published":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","_id":"22925","supplementarymaterial":"no","date_created":"2026-09-13T22:01:55Z","title":"Fluorescent in situ mRNA hybridization (FISH) using Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) in Xenopus cryosections","article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2026-09-17T07:31:16Z","researchdata_availability":"no","month":"09","day":"02","external_id":{"pmid":["42681228"]},"keyword":["mRNA FISH","Hybridization chain reaction","In situ hybridization","Fluorescence microscopy"],"oa_version":"Published Version","editor":[{"full_name":"Beck, Caroline W.","first_name":"Caroline W.","last_name":"Beck"}],"citation":{"apa":"Vijatovic, D., Papadopoulos, S., Dalla Vecchia, M., &#38; Sweeney, L. B. (2026). Fluorescent in situ mRNA hybridization (FISH) using Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) in Xenopus cryosections. In C. W. Beck (Ed.), <i>Xenopus</i> (Vol. 3049, pp. 245–259). Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11</a>","ista":"Vijatovic D, Papadopoulos S, Dalla Vecchia M, Sweeney LB. 2026.Fluorescent in situ mRNA hybridization (FISH) using Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) in Xenopus cryosections. In: Xenopus. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 3049, 245–259.","mla":"Vijatovic, David, et al. “Fluorescent in Situ MRNA Hybridization (FISH) Using Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) in Xenopus Cryosections.” <i>Xenopus</i>, edited by Caroline W. Beck, vol. 3049, Springer, 2026, pp. 245–59, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11\">10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11</a>.","ama":"Vijatovic D, Papadopoulos S, Dalla Vecchia M, Sweeney LB. Fluorescent in situ mRNA hybridization (FISH) using Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) in Xenopus cryosections. In: Beck CW, ed. <i>Xenopus</i>. Vol 3049. MIMB. Springer; 2026:245-259. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11\">10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11</a>","short":"D. Vijatovic, S. Papadopoulos, M. Dalla Vecchia, L.B. Sweeney, in:, C.W. Beck (Ed.), Xenopus, Springer, 2026, pp. 245–259.","chicago":"Vijatovic, David, Stavros Papadopoulos, Marco Dalla Vecchia, and Lora B. Sweeney. “Fluorescent in Situ MRNA Hybridization (FISH) Using Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) in Xenopus Cryosections.” In <i>Xenopus</i>, edited by Caroline W. Beck, 3049:245–59. MIMB. Springer, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11</a>.","ieee":"D. Vijatovic, S. Papadopoulos, M. Dalla Vecchia, and L. B. Sweeney, “Fluorescent in situ mRNA hybridization (FISH) using Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) in Xenopus cryosections,” in <i>Xenopus</i>, vol. 3049, C. W. Beck, Ed. Springer, 2026, pp. 245–259."},"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)"},"doi":"10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11","series_title":"MIMB","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1940-6029"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) enables highly sensitive and multiplexed detection of mRNA with subcellular spatial resolution. It employs fluorophore-tagged DNA hairpins that self-assemble on target-bound probe pairs, amplifying the signal without enzymatic reactions. Here, we describe a protocol for performing HCR fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on Xenopus tissue sections. We also outline a semi-automated image analysis pipeline that enables per-cell quantification of probe expression and co-localization. This method provides a robust and quantitative approach for visualizing gene expression patterns in situ.","lang":"eng"}],"alternative_title":["Methods in Molecular Biology"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5360-9_11","intvolume":"      3049","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by a Horizon Europe ERC Starting Grant\r\nNumber 101041551 (L.B.S., D.V., S.P.), Special Research Program\r\n(SFB) of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) F7814-B (L.B.S., S.P.),\r\nAustrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE16 (L.B.S.), FTI\r\nStrategy Lower Austria Dissertation Grant Number FT121-D-046\r\n(D.V.), and Austrian Academy of Sciences DOC Fellowship 27229\r\n(S.P.). We also thank the Imaging & Optics and Scientific Computing Facilities at ISTA for their support in developing the quantification pipeline.","volume":3049,"das_tickbox":"0","ddc":["570"]},{"abstract":[{"text":"As vertebrates transitioned from water to land, locomotion shifted from undulatory swimming to limb-based movement. How spinal circuits and their cell types evolved to support this transition remains unclear. We leverage frog metamorphosis, which recapitulates this transition within a single organism, to define how spinal circuits generate aquatic versus terrestrial motor patterns. At swim stages, spinal architecture is uniform, with a transcriptionally and anatomically homogeneous motor and interneurons. As limbs develop and their movement complexifies, spinal circuits expand in neuron number and subtype diversity. This expansion is most pronounced for V1 inhibitory neurons, which increase ∼70-fold and diversify into transcriptionally distinct subtypes. Disrupting transcription factors defining emerging motor and V1 populations reveals molecular segregation between swim and limb circuits, highlighting the role of subtype diversity in motor coordination. A multifold increase in inhibitory neuron diversity thus underlies the tail-to-limb locomotor transition, providing a framework for spinal circuit adaptation during vertebrate evolution.","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2639-1856"],"eissn":["2211-1247"]},"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"ddc":["570"],"volume":45,"intvolume":"        45","acknowledgement":"We would like to thank the members of the Sweeney Lab, Mario de Bono, Michael Forsthofer, Katharina Lust, and Meital Oren, for comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful to Tom Jessell and Chris Kintner for their scientific insight and mentorship during the conception of this project. It would also have not been possible without the technical support of the Aquatics and Imaging and Optics Facility support teams (ISTA). We thank Martin Estermann for preparing the initial draft of the graphical abstract and Niki Barolini for the final version. In addition, we thank our funding sources for providing the resources to do these experiments: GFF NÖ FTI Strategy Lower Austria dissertation grant FT121-D-046 (to D.V.), Horizon Europe ERC starting grant 101041551 (to Y.I., L.B.S., F.A.T., and D.V.), Special Research Program (SFB) of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project F7814-B (to L.B.S.), Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE16 (to Y.I. and L.B.S.), NINDS 5R35NS116858 (to J.S.D.), CZI grant DAF2020-225401 (DOI) 10.37921/120055ratwvi (to R.H.), NIH grant R01NS123116 (to J.B.B.), American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC) (to J.B.B.), German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) IFI grant 57515251-91853472 (to Z.H.), and Project A.L.S. (to S.B.-M.).","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227","PlanS_conform":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"22667","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"citation":{"apa":"Vijatovic, D., Toma, F. A., Ignatyev, Y., Harrington, Z. P., Sommer, C. M., Hauschild, R., … Sweeney, L. B. (2026). Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory cell types with emergence of limb movement. <i>Cell Reports</i>. Cell Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227</a>","ista":"Vijatovic D, Toma FA, Ignatyev Y, Harrington ZP, Sommer CM, Hauschild R, Smits MG, Dalla Vecchia M, Trevisan AJ, Chapman P, Julseth M, Brenner-Morton S, Gabitto MI, Dasen JS, Bikoff JB, Sweeney LB. 2026. Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory cell types with emergence of limb movement. Cell Reports. 45(4), 117227.","mla":"Vijatovic, David, et al. “Multifold Increase in Spinal Inhibitory Cell Types with Emergence of Limb Movement.” <i>Cell Reports</i>, vol. 45, no. 4, 117227, Cell Press, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227\">10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227</a>.","ieee":"D. Vijatovic <i>et al.</i>, “Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory cell types with emergence of limb movement,” <i>Cell Reports</i>, vol. 45, no. 4. Cell Press, 2026.","chicago":"Vijatovic, David, Florina Alexandra  Toma, Y Ignatyev, Zoe P Harrington, Christoph M Sommer, Robert Hauschild, Matthijs Geert Smits, et al. “Multifold Increase in Spinal Inhibitory Cell Types with Emergence of Limb Movement.” <i>Cell Reports</i>. Cell Press, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227</a>.","short":"D. Vijatovic, F.A. Toma, Y. Ignatyev, Z.P. Harrington, C.M. Sommer, R. Hauschild, M.G. Smits, M. Dalla Vecchia, A.J. Trevisan, P. Chapman, M. Julseth, S. Brenner-Morton, M.I. Gabitto, J.S. Dasen, J.B. Bikoff, L.B. Sweeney, Cell Reports 45 (2026).","ama":"Vijatovic D, Toma FA, Ignatyev Y, et al. Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory cell types with emergence of limb movement. <i>Cell Reports</i>. 2026;45(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227\">10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227</a>"},"issue":"4","external_id":{"pmid":["41964955 "]},"oa_version":"Published Version","day":"28","DOAJ_listed":"1","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","_id":"21746","author":[{"full_name":"Vijatovic, David","id":"cf391e77-ec3c-11ea-a124-d69323410b58","first_name":"David","orcid":"0000-0002-5494-0941","last_name":"Vijatovic"},{"last_name":"Toma","first_name":"Florina Alexandra ","id":"2f73f876-f128-11eb-9611-b96b5a30cb0e","full_name":"Toma, Florina Alexandra "},{"full_name":"Ignatyev, Y","last_name":"Ignatyev","first_name":"Y"},{"full_name":"Harrington, Zoe P","id":"a8144562-32c9-11ee-b5ce-d9800628bda2","first_name":"Zoe P","last_name":"Harrington","orcid":"0009-0008-0158-4032"},{"first_name":"Christoph M","last_name":"Sommer","orcid":"0000-0003-1216-9105","full_name":"Sommer, Christoph M","id":"4DF26D8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","last_name":"Hauschild","first_name":"Robert"},{"full_name":"Smits, Matthijs Geert","id":"7a231d52-e216-11ee-a0bb-8acd55f8f1f0","first_name":"Matthijs Geert","last_name":"Smits"},{"full_name":"Dalla Vecchia, Marco","id":"02a7a869-ff06-11ed-a87f-86649d6077e5","first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Dalla Vecchia"},{"last_name":"Trevisan","first_name":"Alexandra J.","full_name":"Trevisan, Alexandra J."},{"first_name":"Phillip","last_name":"Chapman","full_name":"Chapman, Phillip"},{"last_name":"Julseth","first_name":"Mara","id":"1cf464b2-dc7d-11ea-9b2f-f9b1aa9417d1","full_name":"Julseth, Mara"},{"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Brenner-Morton","full_name":"Brenner-Morton, Susan"},{"full_name":"Gabitto, Mariano I.","last_name":"Gabitto","first_name":"Mariano I."},{"last_name":"Dasen","first_name":"Jeremy S.","full_name":"Dasen, Jeremy S."},{"last_name":"Bikoff","first_name":"Jay B.","full_name":"Bikoff, Jay B."},{"full_name":"Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger","id":"56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425","first_name":"Lora Beatrice Jaeger","orcid":"0000-0001-9242-5601","last_name":"Sweeney"}],"date_published":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","publication":"Cell Reports","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2026_CellReports_Vijatovic.pdf","creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","checksum":"0d26cdb5b8d8dec3a911d8261a65cdef","file_id":"21795","success":1,"date_updated":"2026-05-04T12:20:10Z","date_created":"2026-05-04T12:20:10Z","file_size":14925958}],"month":"04","date_updated":"2026-10-20T09:04:23Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes","title":"Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory cell types with emergence of limb movement","article_type":"original","date_created":"2026-04-19T22:07:43Z","quality_controlled":"1","article_number":"117227","oa":1,"OA_place":"publisher","publisher":"Cell Press","publication_status":"published","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file_date_updated":"2026-05-04T12:20:10Z","year":"2026","scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article","corr_author":"1","OA_type":"gold","department":[{"_id":"LoSw"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"TiVo"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"project":[{"_id":"ebb66355-77a9-11ec-83b8-b8ac210a4dae","grant_number":"101041551","name":"Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits"},{"name":"Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P14-Swim-to-limb transition: cell type to connection diversity","grant_number":"F7814","_id":"8da85f50-16d5-11f0-9cad-eab8b0ff6c9e"},{"name":"Tools for automation and feedback microscopy","_id":"c08e9ad1-5a5b-11eb-8a69-9d1cf3b07473","grant_number":"CZI01"},{"grant_number":"FTI21-D-046","_id":"bd73af52-d553-11ed-ba76-912049f0ac7a","name":"Development of V1 interneuron diversity during swim-to-walk transition of Xenopus metamorphosis"},{"name":"Neuronal circuits in health and disease (Sweeney)","_id":"cf428362-b037-11f1-b015-8277a8a2f63d","grant_number":"COE16"}],"pmid":1},{"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","degree_awarded":"PhD","doi_confirm":"1","citation":{"short":"D. Vijatovic, Dissecting the Molecular and Functional Basis of Motor Control in the Frog Xenopus Laevis, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","chicago":"Vijatovic, David. “Dissecting the Molecular and Functional Basis of Motor Control in the Frog Xenopus Laevis.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22667\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22667</a>.","ama":"Vijatovic D. Dissecting the molecular and functional basis of motor control in the frog Xenopus laevis. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22667\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-22667</a>","ieee":"D. Vijatovic, “Dissecting the molecular and functional basis of motor control in the frog Xenopus laevis,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","mla":"Vijatovic, David. <i>Dissecting the Molecular and Functional Basis of Motor Control in the Frog Xenopus Laevis</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22667\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-22667</a>.","ista":"Vijatovic D. 2026. Dissecting the molecular and functional basis of motor control in the frog Xenopus laevis. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","apa":"Vijatovic, D. (2026). <i>Dissecting the molecular and functional basis of motor control in the frog Xenopus laevis</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22667\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22667</a>"},"supervisor":[{"first_name":"Lora Beatrice Jaeger","last_name":"Sweeney","orcid":"0000-0001-9242-5601","full_name":"Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger","id":"56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","day":"10","ddc":["573"],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"acknowledgement":"I am also grateful for the financial support that made this work possible, including the\r\nEuropean Research Council (ERC Starting Grant 101041551), the Austrian Science\r\nFund (FWF, Cluster of Excellence 10.55776/COE16), the GFF Lower Austria FTI\r\nStrategy Dissertation Fellowship (FTI21-D-046), and the FENS/IBRO-PERC\r\nExchange Fellowship. 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Georgiy","id":"eaf2b366-cfd1-11ee-bbdf-c8790f800a05","first_name":"Georgiy","last_name":"Ivanian","orcid":"0009-0002-3999-3735"},{"first_name":"Jamie","last_name":"Woych","full_name":"Woych, Jamie"},{"id":"d6cce458-14c9-11ed-a755-c1c8fc6fde6f","full_name":"Arnold, Rebecca C","last_name":"Arnold","first_name":"Rebecca C"},{"last_name":"Ortega Gurrola","first_name":"Alonso","full_name":"Ortega Gurrola, Alonso"},{"full_name":"Shvartsman, Arik","first_name":"Arik","last_name":"Shvartsman"},{"id":"a9492887-8972-11ed-ae7b-bfae10998254","full_name":"Barbieri, Francesca","last_name":"Barbieri","first_name":"Francesca"},{"last_name":"Toma","first_name":"Florina-Alexandra","id":"85dd99f2-15b2-11ec-abd3-d1ae4d57f3b5","full_name":"Toma, Florina-Alexandra"},{"last_name":"Gorbsky","first_name":"Gary J.","full_name":"Gorbsky, Gary J."},{"last_name":"Horb","first_name":"Marko E.","full_name":"Horb, Marko E."},{"last_name":"Cline","first_name":"Hollis T.","full_name":"Cline, Hollis T."},{"last_name":"Shay","first_name":"Timothy F.","full_name":"Shay, Timothy F."},{"last_name":"Kelley","first_name":"Darcy B.","full_name":"Kelley, Darcy B."},{"last_name":"Yamaguchi","first_name":"Ayako","full_name":"Yamaguchi, Ayako"},{"full_name":"Shein-Idelson, Mark","last_name":"Shein-Idelson","first_name":"Mark"},{"full_name":"Tosches, Maria Antonietta","first_name":"Maria Antonietta","last_name":"Tosches"},{"id":"56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425","full_name":"Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger","orcid":"0000-0001-9242-5601","last_name":"Sweeney","first_name":"Lora Beatrice Jaeger"}],"date_published":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","_id":"15016","supplementarymaterial":"yes","date_created":"2024-02-20T09:20:32Z","title":"Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural development and connectivity across amphibians","article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","date_updated":"2026-10-20T08:56:33Z","researchdata_availability":"yes","month":"03","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","page":"794-812.e6","dataavailabilitystatement":"FAMD RStudio code and raw data used for analysis of post-metamorphic P. waltl injection outcomes are available via Dryad repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mpg4f4r89. Any additional information required to reanalyze the data reported in this paper is available from the lead contact upon request.","file_date_updated":"2025-06-04T05:43:27Z","publisher":"Cell Press","publication_status":"published","oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","OA_place":"publisher","pmid":1,"department":[{"_id":"LoSw"},{"_id":"MaDe"},{"_id":"GaNo"}],"OA_type":"hybrid","project":[{"grant_number":"FTI21-D-046","_id":"bd73af52-d553-11ed-ba76-912049f0ac7a","name":"Development of V1 interneuron diversity during swim-to-walk transition of Xenopus metamorphosis"},{"name":"Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits","grant_number":"101041551","_id":"ebb66355-77a9-11ec-83b8-b8ac210a4dae"},{"name":"Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P14-Swim-to-limb transition: cell type to connection diversity","grant_number":"F7814","_id":"8da85f50-16d5-11f0-9cad-eab8b0ff6c9e"}],"type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","year":"2025","corr_author":"1","doi":"10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1534-5807"],"eissn":["1878-1551"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"isi":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Amphibians, by virtue of their phylogenetic position, provide invaluable insights on nervous system evolution, development, and remodeling. The genetic toolkit for amphibians, however, remains limited. Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) are a powerful alternative to transgenesis for labeling and manipulating neurons. Although successful in mammals, AAVs have never been shown to transduce amphibian cells efficiently. We screened AAVs in three amphibian species—the frogs Xenopus laevis and Pelophylax bedriagae and the salamander Pleurodeles waltl—and identified at least two AAV serotypes per species that transduce neurons. In developing amphibians, AAVs labeled groups of neurons generated at the same time during development. In the mature brain, AAVrg retrogradely traced long-range projections. Our study introduces AAVs as a tool for amphibian research, establishes a generalizable workflow for AAV screening in new species, and expands opportunities for cross-species comparisons of nervous system development, function, and evolution."}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"22667"},{"status":"public","relation":"research_data","id":"22803"}]},"intvolume":"        60","acknowledgement":"We thank members of the Sweeney, Tosches, Shein-Idelson, Yamaguchi, Kelley, and Cline Labs for their contributions to this project, discussion, and support. We additionally thank the Beckman Institute CLOVER Center and Viviana Gradinaru (Caltech), Kimberly Ritola (UNC NeuroTools), and Flavia Gomez-Leite (ISTA Viral Core) for AAV production and consultation; Andras Simon and Alberto Joven (Karolinska Institute) for feedback; Elizabeth Bagnato-Cohen (Columbia) for project coordination; our animal care and imaging facilities; the amphibian stock centers (NXR, EXRC, and XenopusExpress); and our funding sources: NSF IOS 2110086 (D.B.K., L.B.S., M.A.T., A.Y., and H.T.C.); US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) 2020702 (M.S.-I.); FTI Strategy Lower Austria Dissertation FT121-D-046 (D.V.); Horizon Europe ERC Starting Grant 101041551 and Special Research Programme (SFB) of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project F7814-B (L.B.S.); NIH grant R35GM146973, Rita Allen Foundation Award GA_032522_FE, and CZI Ben Barres Early Career Acceleration Award 2023-331758 (M.A.T.); EMBO Long-Term Fellowship ALTF 874-2021 (A.D.); and NSF GRFP DGE 2036197 (E.C.B.J.).","volume":60,"das_tickbox":"1","ddc":["570"],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"PreCl"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"day":"10","external_id":{"pmid":["39603234"],"isi":["001444798600001"]},"oa_version":"Published Version","issue":"5","citation":{"mla":"Jaeger, Eliza C. B., et al. “Adeno-Associated Viral Tools to Trace Neural Development and Connectivity across Amphibians.” <i>Developmental Cell</i>, vol. 60, no. 5, Cell Press, 2025, p. 794–812.e6, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025\">10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025</a>.","short":"E.C.B. Jaeger, D. Vijatovic, A. Deryckere, N. Zorin, A.L. Nguyen, G. Ivanian, J. Woych, R.C. Arnold, A. Ortega Gurrola, A. Shvartsman, F. Barbieri, F.-A. Toma, G.J. Gorbsky, M.E. Horb, H.T. Cline, T.F. Shay, D.B. Kelley, A. Yamaguchi, M. Shein-Idelson, M.A. Tosches, L.B. Sweeney, Developmental Cell 60 (2025) 794–812.e6.","chicago":"Jaeger, Eliza C.B., David Vijatovic, Astrid Deryckere, Nikol Zorin, Akemi L. Nguyen, Georgiy Ivanian, Jamie Woych, et al. “Adeno-Associated Viral Tools to Trace Neural Development and Connectivity across Amphibians.” <i>Developmental Cell</i>. Cell Press, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025</a>.","ama":"Jaeger ECB, Vijatovic D, Deryckere A, et al. Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural development and connectivity across amphibians. <i>Developmental Cell</i>. 2025;60(5):794-812.e6. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025\">10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025</a>","ieee":"E. C. B. Jaeger <i>et al.</i>, “Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural development and connectivity across amphibians,” <i>Developmental Cell</i>, vol. 60, no. 5. Cell Press, p. 794–812.e6, 2025.","apa":"Jaeger, E. C. B., Vijatovic, D., Deryckere, A., Zorin, N., Nguyen, A. L., Ivanian, G., … Sweeney, L. B. (2025). Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural development and connectivity across amphibians. <i>Developmental Cell</i>. Cell Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2024.10.025</a>","ista":"Jaeger ECB, Vijatovic D, Deryckere A, Zorin N, Nguyen AL, Ivanian G, Woych J, Arnold RC, Ortega Gurrola A, Shvartsman A, Barbieri F, Toma F-A, Gorbsky GJ, Horb ME, Cline HT, Shay TF, Kelley DB, Yamaguchi A, Shein-Idelson M, Tosches MA, Sweeney LB. 2025. Adeno-associated viral tools to trace neural development and connectivity across amphibians. Developmental Cell. 60(5), 794–812.e6."},"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"}},{"date_created":"2025-04-07T08:48:28Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.20.614050","title":"Spinal neuron diversity scales exponentially with swim-to-limb transformation during frog metamorphosis","acknowledgement":"We would like to thank the members of the Sweeney Lab (especially Stavros Papadopoulos and\r\nSophie Gobeil) for their contributions to this project and, in addition to the lab, Graziana Gatto\r\nand Mario de Bono, for discussion, and support. We are also grateful to Tom Jessell and Chris\r\nKintner for their scientific insight and mentorship during the conception of this project. This\r\nproject would also not have been possible with the technical support of the Matthias Nowak,\r\nVerena Mayer and the Aquatics as well as the Imaging and Optics Facility support teams\r\n(ISTA). In addition, we thank our funding sources for providing the resources to do these\r\nexperiments: FTI Strategy Lower Austria Dissertation Grant Number FT121-D-046 (D.V.);\r\nHorizon Europe ERC Starting Grant Number 101041551 (L.B.S., F.A.T. and D.V); Special\r\nResearch Program (SFB) of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project number F7814-B (L.B.S);\r\nNINDS 5R35NS116858 (J.S.D); CZI grant DAF2020-225401 (DOI): 10.37921/120055ratwvi\r\n(R.H.); NIH grant number R01NS123116 (J.B.B); American Lebanese Syrian Associated\r\nCharities (ALSAC) (J.B.B.); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) IFI Grant Number\r\n57515251-91853472 (Z.H.); and Project A.L.S. (S.B-M.). ","article_processing_charge":"No","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"}],"date_updated":"2025-05-14T11:40:13Z","month":"09","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.20.614050","publication":"bioRxiv","date_published":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","author":[{"id":"cf391e77-ec3c-11ea-a124-d69323410b58","full_name":"Vijatovic, David","last_name":"Vijatovic","first_name":"David"},{"last_name":"Toma","first_name":"Florina Alexandra ","id":"2f73f876-f128-11eb-9611-b96b5a30cb0e","full_name":"Toma, Florina Alexandra "},{"id":"a8144562-32c9-11ee-b5ce-d9800628bda2","full_name":"Harrington, Zoe P","orcid":"0009-0008-0158-4032","last_name":"Harrington","first_name":"Zoe P"},{"first_name":"Christoph M","orcid":"0000-0003-1216-9105","last_name":"Sommer","full_name":"Sommer, Christoph M","id":"4DF26D8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","last_name":"Hauschild","first_name":"Robert","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert"},{"full_name":"Trevisan, Alexandra J.","first_name":"Alexandra J.","last_name":"Trevisan"},{"last_name":"Chapman","first_name":"Phillip","full_name":"Chapman, Phillip"},{"id":"1cf464b2-dc7d-11ea-9b2f-f9b1aa9417d1","full_name":"Julseth, Mara","last_name":"Julseth","first_name":"Mara"},{"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Brenner-Morton","full_name":"Brenner-Morton, Susan"},{"first_name":"Mariano I.","last_name":"Gabitto","full_name":"Gabitto, Mariano I."},{"full_name":"Dasen, Jeremy S.","first_name":"Jeremy S.","last_name":"Dasen"},{"full_name":"Bikoff, Jay B.","last_name":"Bikoff","first_name":"Jay B."},{"id":"56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425","full_name":"Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger","last_name":"Sweeney","orcid":"0000-0001-9242-5601","first_name":"Lora Beatrice Jaeger"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"19520","abstract":[{"text":"Vertebrates exhibit a wide range of motor behaviors, ranging from swimming to complex limb-based movements. Here we take advantage of frog metamorphosis, which captures a swim-to-limb-based movement transformation during the development of a single organism, to explore changes in the underlying spinal circuits. We find that the tadpole spinal cord contains small and largely homogeneous populations of motor neurons (MNs) and V1 interneurons (V1s) at early escape swimming stages. These neuronal populations only modestly increase in number and subtype heterogeneity with the emergence of free swimming. In contrast, during frog metamorphosis and the emergence of limb movement, there is a dramatic expansion of MN and V1 interneuron number and transcriptional heterogeneity, culminating in cohorts of neurons that exhibit striking molecular similarity to mammalian motor circuits. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption of the limb MN and V1 determinants FoxP1 and Engrailed-1, respectively, results in severe but selective deficits in tail and limb function. Our work thus demonstrates that neural diversity scales exponentially with increasing behavioral complexity and illustrates striking evolutionary conservation in the molecular organization and function of motor circuits across species.","lang":"eng"}],"project":[{"name":"Development of V1 interneuron diversity during swim-to-walk transition of Xenopus metamorphosis","grant_number":"FTI21-D-046","_id":"bd73af52-d553-11ed-ba76-912049f0ac7a"},{"name":"Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits","_id":"ebb66355-77a9-11ec-83b8-b8ac210a4dae","grant_number":"101041551"},{"name":"Tools for automation and feedback microscopy","_id":"c08e9ad1-5a5b-11eb-8a69-9d1cf3b07473","grant_number":"CZI01"}],"OA_type":"green","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"LoSw"},{"_id":"TiVo"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"corr_author":"1","year":"2024","type":"preprint","day":"27","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.20.614050","open_access":"1"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Preprint","publication_status":"submitted","OA_place":"repository","oa":1,"citation":{"apa":"Vijatovic, D., Toma, F. A., Harrington, Z. P., Sommer, C. M., Hauschild, R., Trevisan, A. J., … Sweeney, L. B. (n.d.). Spinal neuron diversity scales exponentially with swim-to-limb transformation during frog metamorphosis. <i>bioRxiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.20.614050\">https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.20.614050</a>","ista":"Vijatovic D, Toma FA, Harrington ZP, Sommer CM, Hauschild R, Trevisan AJ, Chapman P, Julseth M, Brenner-Morton S, Gabitto MI, Dasen JS, Bikoff JB, Sweeney LB. Spinal neuron diversity scales exponentially with swim-to-limb transformation during frog metamorphosis. bioRxiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.20.614050\">10.1101/2024.09.20.614050</a>.","mla":"Vijatovic, David, et al. “Spinal Neuron Diversity Scales Exponentially with Swim-to-Limb Transformation during Frog Metamorphosis.” <i>BioRxiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.20.614050\">10.1101/2024.09.20.614050</a>.","chicago":"Vijatovic, David, Florina Alexandra  Toma, Zoe P Harrington, Christoph M Sommer, Robert Hauschild, Alexandra J. Trevisan, Phillip Chapman, et al. “Spinal Neuron Diversity Scales Exponentially with Swim-to-Limb Transformation during Frog Metamorphosis.” <i>BioRxiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.20.614050\">https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.20.614050</a>.","short":"D. Vijatovic, F.A. Toma, Z.P. Harrington, C.M. Sommer, R. Hauschild, A.J. Trevisan, P. Chapman, M. Julseth, S. Brenner-Morton, M.I. Gabitto, J.S. Dasen, J.B. Bikoff, L.B. Sweeney, BioRxiv (n.d.).","ama":"Vijatovic D, Toma FA, Harrington ZP, et al. Spinal neuron diversity scales exponentially with swim-to-limb transformation during frog metamorphosis. <i>bioRxiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.20.614050\">10.1101/2024.09.20.614050</a>","ieee":"D. Vijatovic <i>et al.</i>, “Spinal neuron diversity scales exponentially with swim-to-limb transformation during frog metamorphosis,” <i>bioRxiv</i>. ."}}]