[{"file":[{"checksum":"977dffed4bec3c7d6315aa1cbd19e8a7","file_name":"readme.txt","date_updated":"2025-01-27T11:27:30Z","relation":"main_file","file_id":"18893","creator":"arashid","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"text/plain","success":1,"file_size":1017,"date_created":"2025-01-27T11:27:30Z"},{"date_created":"2025-01-27T11:27:35Z","file_size":33815056,"content_type":"application/zip","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","creator":"arashid","date_updated":"2025-01-27T11:27:35Z","file_id":"18894","file_name":"research_data.zip","checksum":"7ab5e3e65ddf59bbf3622ace8a0cda1c"}],"title":"Research data for publication 'Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors'","date_created":"2025-01-27T09:48:44Z","oa_version":"Published Version","OA_type":"gold","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Franco De Palma, Mahya Khorramshahi, Fabian Oppliger, Thomas Reisinger, Pasquale Scarlino and Xiao Xue for helpful discussions. We thank Simon Robson for proofreading the manuscript. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation and the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project. This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) DOI:10.55776/P32235, DOI:10.55776/I5060 and DOI:10.55776/P36507. For Open Access purposes, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission. M.J. acknowledges funding from FellowQUTE 2024-01. I.M.P. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG – German Research Foundation) under project number 450396347 (GeHoldeQED). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. We acknowledge support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+). This research work has been funded by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC's Quantum Technologies Platform (QTEP). ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD program. AGM has received funding from Grant RYC2021-033479-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. The authors acknowledge the use of instrumentation and the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy Center at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB) funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is a founding member of e-DREAM.","doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886","oa":1,"author":[{"orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Marian","last_name":"Janik","full_name":"Janik, Marian"}],"project":[{"_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452","grant_number":"101069515","name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology"},{"name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"P32235"},{"grant_number":"P36507","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge"},{"name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","grant_number":"I05060","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1"}],"month":"01","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"corr_author":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public","id":"18144"},{"id":"19401","status":"public","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"_id":"18886","abstract":[{"text":"Research Data for publication 'Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors'","lang":"eng"}],"contributor":[{"last_name":"Roux","contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Kevin Etienne Robert","id":"53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef"},{"id":"18777c01-896a-11ed-bdf8-e4851dc07d16","first_name":"Carla N","last_name":"Borja Espinosa","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"contributor_type":"researcher","last_name":"Sagi","first_name":"Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425"},{"last_name":"Baghdadi","contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Abdulhamid","id":"160D87FA-96B5-11E9-BF77-7626E6697425"},{"id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Thomas","contributor_type":"researcher","last_name":"Adletzberger"},{"last_name":"Calcaterra","contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Stefano"},{"first_name":"Marc","contributor_type":"researcher","last_name":"Botifoll"},{"first_name":"Alba Garzón","contributor_type":"researcher","last_name":"Manjón"},{"last_name":"Arbiol","contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Jordi"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Isella","contributor_type":"researcher"},{"contributor_type":"researcher","last_name":"Pop","first_name":"Ioan M."},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","contributor_type":"researcher","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"type":"research_data","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"27","citation":{"chicago":"Janik, Marian. “Research Data for Publication ‘Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886</a>.","ista":"Janik M. 2025. Research data for publication ‘Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886</a>.","ama":"Janik M. Research data for publication “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors.” 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886</a>","apa":"Janik, M. (2025). Research data for publication “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886</a>","ieee":"M. Janik, “Research data for publication ‘Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","short":"M. Janik, (2025).","mla":"Janik, Marian. <i>Research Data for Publication “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.”</i> Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886</a>."},"year":"2025","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","ddc":["530"],"date_published":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","OA_place":"repository","file_date_updated":"2025-01-27T11:27:35Z","date_updated":"2025-09-30T11:03:35Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"status":"public"},{"scopus_import":"1","ec_funded":1,"DOAJ_listed":"1","status":"public","isi":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publication":"Nature Communications","date_updated":"2025-09-30T11:03:35Z","file_date_updated":"2025-03-17T10:53:32Z","OA_place":"publisher","date_published":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","ddc":["530"],"year":"2025","intvolume":"        16","article_number":"2103","day":"01","citation":{"ama":"Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, et al. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2025;16. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4\">10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>","ista":"Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, Sagi O, Baghdadi A, Adletzberger T, Calcaterra S, Botifoll M, Garzón Manjón A, Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Pop IM, Katsaros G. 2025. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. Nature Communications. 16, 2103.","chicago":"Janik, Marian, Kevin Etienne Robert Roux, Carla N Borja Espinosa, Oliver Sagi, Abdulhamid Baghdadi, Thomas Adletzberger, Stefano Calcaterra, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>.","mla":"Janik, Marian, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16, 2103, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4\">10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>.","ieee":"M. Janik <i>et al.</i>, “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16. Springer Nature, 2025.","short":"M. Janik, K.E.R. Roux, C.N. Borja Espinosa, O. Sagi, A. Baghdadi, T. Adletzberger, S. Calcaterra, M. Botifoll, A. Garzón Manjón, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, I.M. Pop, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 16 (2025).","apa":"Janik, M., Roux, K. E. R., Borja Espinosa, C. N., Sagi, O., Baghdadi, A., Adletzberger, T., … Katsaros, G. (2025). Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4</a>"},"has_accepted_license":"1","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","external_id":{"arxiv":["2407.03079"],"pmid":["40025007"],"isi":["001434774800001"]},"abstract":[{"text":"High kinetic inductance superconductors are gaining increasing interest for the realisation of qubits, amplifiers and detectors. Moreover, thanks to their high impedance, quantum buses made of such materials enable large zero-point fluctuations of the voltage, boosting the coupling rates to spin and charge qubits. However, fully exploiting the potential of disordered or granular superconductors is challenging, as their inductance and, therefore, impedance at high values are difficult to control. Here, we report a reproducible fabrication of granular aluminium resonators by developing a wireless ohmmeter, which allows in situ measurements during film deposition and, therefore, control of the kinetic inductance of granular aluminium films. Reproducible fabrication of circuits with impedances (inductances) exceeding 13 kΩ (1 nH per square) is now possible. By integrating a 7.9 kΩ resonator with a germanium double quantum dot, we demonstrate strong charge-photon coupling with a rate of gc/2π = 566 ± 2 MHz. This broadly applicable method opens the path for novel qubits and high-fidelity, long-distance two-qubit gates.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"19401","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"earlier_version","status":"public","id":"18144"},{"status":"public","id":"18886","relation":"research_data"}]},"pmid":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","article_processing_charge":"Yes","corr_author":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"month":"03","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"JoFi"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"project":[{"_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452","grant_number":"101069515","name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology"},{"grant_number":"P32235","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices"},{"name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1","grant_number":"I05060"},{"name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a","grant_number":"P36507"},{"grant_number":"101034413","_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program"}],"article_type":"original","author":[{"orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","first_name":"Marian","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Janik","full_name":"Janik, Marian"},{"last_name":"Roux","full_name":"Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert","first_name":"Kevin Etienne Robert","id":"53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef"},{"first_name":"Carla N","id":"18777c01-896a-11ed-bdf8-e4851dc07d16","full_name":"Borja Espinosa, Carla N","last_name":"Borja Espinosa"},{"last_name":"Sagi","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","first_name":"Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425"},{"last_name":"Baghdadi","full_name":"Baghdadi, Abdulhamid","first_name":"Abdulhamid","id":"160D87FA-96B5-11E9-BF77-7626E6697425"},{"id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Adletzberger","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas"},{"last_name":"Calcaterra","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","first_name":"Stefano"},{"last_name":"Botifoll","full_name":"Botifoll, Marc","first_name":"Marc"},{"first_name":"Alba","last_name":"Garzón Manjón","full_name":"Garzón Manjón, Alba"},{"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Arbiol","full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel"},{"first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","last_name":"Isella"},{"last_name":"Pop","full_name":"Pop, Ioan M.","first_name":"Ioan M."},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"volume":16,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Franco De Palma, Mahya Khorramshahi, Fabian Oppliger, Thomas Reisinger, Pasquale Scarlino and Xiao Xue for helpful discussions. We thank Simon Robson for proofreading the manuscript. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation and the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project. This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) https://doi.org/10.55776/P32235, https://doi.org/10.55776/I5060 and https://doi.org/10.55776/P36507. For Open Access purposes, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission. M.J. acknowledges funding from FellowQUTE 2024-01. K.R. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101034413. I.M.P. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - German Research Foundation) under project number 450396347 (GeHoldeQED). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. We acknowledge support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+). This research work has been funded by the European Commission - NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s Quantum Technologies Platform (QTEP). ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa programme from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD programme. AGM has received funding from Grant RYC2021-033479-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. The authors acknowledge the use of instrumentation and the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy Centre at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB) funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is a founding member of e-DREAM60.","OA_type":"gold","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors","date_created":"2025-03-16T23:01:23Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"arxiv":1,"file":[{"checksum":"a9383dd978ca2c50b7dded6c0bb2cd49","file_name":"2025_NatureComm_Janik.pdf","creator":"dernst","file_id":"19415","date_updated":"2025-03-17T10:53:32Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2025-03-17T10:53:32Z","file_size":6364878}],"publication_status":"published"},{"intvolume":"        15","article_number":"169","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","ddc":["530"],"year":"2024","OA_place":"publisher","date_published":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","APC_amount":"6468 EUR","external_id":{"pmid":["38167818"],"isi":["001142794000839"]},"_id":"14793","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing interest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement semiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of new ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this work, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium hole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We demonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux tunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a regime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a sin(2y) CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this interpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with ≈ 100% efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards integration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected) superconducting qubits on  the same silicon technology compatible platform."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","citation":{"chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>.","ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, de Gijsel T, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Aguilera Servin JL, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Seoane Souto R, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. Nature Communications. 15, 169.","ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2024;15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., de Gijsel, T., Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (2024). Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024.","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.L. Aguilera Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R. Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 15 (2024).","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15, 169, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>."},"day":"02","has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","DOAJ_listed":"1","ec_funded":1,"scopus_import":"1","file_date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","date_updated":"2025-10-15T06:31:47Z","publication":"Nature Communications","isi":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"title":"Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium","date_created":"2024-01-14T23:00:56Z","OA_type":"gold","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","file":[{"file_name":"2024_NatureComm_Valentini.pdf","checksum":"ef79173b45eeaf984ffa61ef2f8a52ab","relation":"main_file","file_id":"14825","date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","file_size":2336595,"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"corr_author":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","pmid":1,"oa":1,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Francesco Giazotto, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano Scappucci, Christian Schonenberger, and Lukas Splitthoff for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the TEM analysis. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS\r\nFoundation. It was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research andinnovation programme under Grant Agreement No 862046, the HORIZONRIA\r\n101069515 project, the European Innovation Council Pathfinder grant no. 101115315 (QuKiT), and the FWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. R.S.S. acknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program\"\r\nProject No. 2022-T1/IND-24070. J.J. acknowledges European Research Council TOCINA 834290.","volume":15,"author":[{"last_name":"Valentini","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","first_name":"Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425"},{"full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","last_name":"Sagi","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","first_name":"Oliver"},{"id":"7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7","first_name":"Levon","last_name":"Baghumyan","full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon"},{"full_name":"de Gijsel, Thijs","last_name":"de Gijsel","id":"a0ece13c-b527-11ee-929d-bad130106eee","first_name":"Thijs"},{"id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jason","full_name":"Jung, Jason","last_name":"Jung"},{"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano"},{"last_name":"Ballabio","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea"},{"full_name":"Aguilera Servin, Juan L","last_name":"Aguilera Servin","id":"2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Juan L","orcid":"0000-0002-2862-8372"},{"full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","last_name":"Aggarwal","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","first_name":"Kushagra","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293"},{"orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Marian","full_name":"Janik, Marian","last_name":"Janik"},{"id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Adletzberger","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas"},{"full_name":"Seoane Souto, Rubén","last_name":"Seoane Souto","first_name":"Rubén"},{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Leijnse, Martin","last_name":"Leijnse"},{"full_name":"Danon, Jeroen","last_name":"Danon","first_name":"Jeroen"},{"last_name":"Schrade","full_name":"Schrade, Constantin","first_name":"Constantin"},{"first_name":"Erik","full_name":"Bakkers, Erik","last_name":"Bakkers"},{"full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel"},{"full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"month":"01","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"project":[{"name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","grant_number":"862046","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology","grant_number":"101069515","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"},{"_id":"bdc2ca30-d553-11ed-ba76-cf164a5bb811","grant_number":"101115315","name":"Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices"},{"name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","grant_number":"P36507","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e","grant_number":"F8606"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1","name":"FWF Open Access Fund"}],"article_type":"original"},{"publication_status":"published","file":[{"date_created":"2024-08-05T08:38:01Z","file_size":1928001,"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2024-08-05T08:38:01Z","creator":"dernst","file_id":"17388","file_name":"2024_NatureComm_Sagi.pdf","checksum":"ddf5361dcb6c543e2cea818501c09910"}],"arxiv":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"title":"A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge","date_created":"2024-07-04T11:40:45Z","oa_version":"Published Version","OA_type":"gold","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Lucas Casparis, Jeroen Danon, Valla Fatemi, Morten Kjaergard and Javad Shabani for their valuable insights and comments. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop\r\nand the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation and the FWF Projects with DOI:10.55776/I5060 and DOI:10.55776/P36507. We also acknowledge the NextGenerationEU PRIN project\r\n2022A8CJP3 (GAMESQUAD) for partial financial support.","doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6","oa":1,"author":[{"last_name":"Sagi","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","first_name":"Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425"},{"last_name":"Crippa","full_name":"Crippa, Alessandro","id":"1F2B21A2-F6E7-11E9-9B82-F7DBE5697425","first_name":"Alessandro","orcid":"0000-0002-2968-611X"},{"first_name":"Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","last_name":"Valentini","full_name":"Valentini, Marco"},{"full_name":"Janik, Marian","last_name":"Janik","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Marian"},{"id":"7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7","first_name":"Levon","full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon","last_name":"Baghumyan"},{"full_name":"Fabris, Giorgio","last_name":"Fabris","id":"298cf6f3-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-d94cfa0b3352","first_name":"Giorgio"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8319-2148","id":"84b9700b-15b2-11ec-abd3-831089e67615","first_name":"Lucky","last_name":"Kapoor","full_name":"Kapoor, Lucky"},{"first_name":"Farid","id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773","last_name":"Hassani","full_name":"Hassani, Farid"},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"},{"first_name":"Stefano","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","last_name":"Isella"},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georgios"}],"volume":15,"article_type":"original","project":[{"name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","grant_number":"P36507","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"grant_number":"I05060","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins"},{"_id":"262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices"},{"name":"FWF Open Access Fund","_id":"3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1","call_identifier":"FWF"}],"month":"07","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"JoFi"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"corr_author":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","publisher":"Springer Nature","pmid":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"17196"},{"id":"18076","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}],"link":[{"relation":"erratum","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53910-1"}]},"_id":"17202","abstract":[{"text":"Gate-tunable transmons (gatemons) employing semiconductor Josephson junctions have recently emerged as building blocks for hybrid quantum circuits. In this study, we present a gatemon fabricated in planar Germanium. We induce superconductivity in a two-dimensional hole gas by evaporating aluminum atop a thin spacer, which separates the superconductor from the Ge quantum well. The Josephson junction is then integrated into an Xmon circuit and capacitively coupled to a transmission line resonator. We showcase the qubit tunability in a broad frequency range with resonator and two-tone spectroscopy. Time-domain characterizations reveal energy relaxation and coherence times up to 75 ns. Our results, combined with the recent advances in the spin qubit field, pave the way towards novel hybrid and protected qubits in a group IV, CMOS-compatible material.","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["001281271000022"],"pmid":["39080279"],"arxiv":["2403.16774"]},"type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"30","citation":{"apa":"Sagi, O., Crippa, A., Valentini, M., Janik, M., Baghumyan, L., Fabris, G., … Katsaros, G. (2024). A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6</a>","ieee":"O. Sagi <i>et al.</i>, “A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024.","short":"O. Sagi, A. Crippa, M. Valentini, M. Janik, L. Baghumyan, G. Fabris, L. Kapoor, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, S. Calcaterra, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 15 (2024).","mla":"Sagi, Oliver, et al. “A Gate Tunable Transmon Qubit in Planar Ge.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15, 6400, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6\">10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6</a>.","chicago":"Sagi, Oliver, Alessandro Crippa, Marco Valentini, Marian Janik, Levon Baghumyan, Giorgio Fabris, Lucky Kapoor, et al. “A Gate Tunable Transmon Qubit in Planar Ge.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6</a>.","ista":"Sagi O, Crippa A, Valentini M, Janik M, Baghumyan L, Fabris G, Kapoor L, Hassani F, Fink JM, Calcaterra S, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge. Nature Communications. 15, 6400.","ama":"Sagi O, Crippa A, Valentini M, et al. A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2024;15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6\">10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6</a>"},"intvolume":"        15","article_number":"6400","year":"2024","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","ddc":["530"],"APC_amount":"6828 EUR","date_published":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","OA_place":"publisher","file_date_updated":"2024-08-05T08:38:01Z","date_updated":"2026-04-07T13:01:55Z","publication":"Nature Communications","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"isi":1,"status":"public","DOAJ_listed":"1","scopus_import":"1"},{"ec_funded":1,"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","page":"111","status":"public","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-16T12:20:39Z","file_date_updated":"2024-09-19T09:20:33Z","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","OA_place":"publisher","year":"2024","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","ddc":["539"],"has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"ieee":"O. Sagi, “Hybrid circuits on planar Germanium,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.","short":"O. Sagi, Hybrid Circuits on Planar Germanium, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.","mla":"Sagi, Oliver. <i>Hybrid Circuits on Planar Germanium</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18076\">10.15479/at:ista:18076</a>.","apa":"Sagi, O. (2024). <i>Hybrid circuits on planar Germanium</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18076\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18076</a>","ista":"Sagi O. 2024. Hybrid circuits on planar Germanium. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Sagi O. Hybrid circuits on planar Germanium. 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18076\">10.15479/at:ista:18076</a>","chicago":"Sagi, Oliver. “Hybrid Circuits on Planar Germanium.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18076\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18076</a>."},"day":"18","type":"dissertation","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"18076","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The new era of Ge has opened up new possibilities in quantum computing. The maturity of Ge\r\nspin qubits is unquestioned, while hybrid semiconductor-superconductor Ge circuits are on track\r\nto enter the game. Gate-tunable transmons (gatemons) employing semiconductor Josephson\r\njunctions have recently emerged as building blocks for such hybrid quantum circuits. In this\r\nthesis, we present a gatemon fabricated in planar Germanium. We induce superconductivity\r\nin a two-dimensional hole gas by evaporating aluminum atop a thin spacer, which separates\r\nthe superconductor from the Ge quantum well. The Josephson junction is then integrated\r\ninto an Xmon circuit and capacitively coupled to a transmission line resonator. We showcase\r\nthe qubit tunability in a broad frequency range with resonator and two-tone spectroscopy.\r\nTime-domain characterizations reveal energy relaxation and coherence times up to 75 ns. Our\r\nresults, combined with the recent advances in the spin qubit field, pave the way towards novel\r\nhybrid and protected qubits in a group IV, CMOS-compatible material."}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"17202"}]},"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","tmp":{"short":"CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_sa.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)"},"corr_author":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","project":[{"grant_number":"P36507","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge"},{"name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1","grant_number":"I05060"},{"name":"Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices","_id":"262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862046"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"GeKa"}],"month":"09","author":[{"last_name":"Sagi","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","first_name":"Oliver"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","oa":1,"doi":"10.15479/at:ista:18076","oa_version":"Published Version","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"title":"Hybrid circuits on planar Germanium","date_created":"2024-09-16T12:58:36Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"file":[{"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2024-09-18T14:13:01Z","creator":"osagi","file_id":"18093","file_name":"OliverSagi_Thesis_pdfa.pdf","checksum":"d01d0e2846c2f3ac5bb14d321554a4cd","date_created":"2024-09-18T14:13:01Z","file_size":86679095,"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"access_level":"open_access"},{"content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","file_size":172098524,"date_created":"2024-09-18T14:14:02Z","access_level":"local","creator":"osagi","file_id":"18094","relation":"source_file","date_updated":"2024-09-19T09:20:33Z","checksum":"0543f473d509ee545f4ed3a56f742f4b","file_name":"Thesis_OliverSagi.zip"}],"publication_status":"published","supervisor":[{"first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}]},{"acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. 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The measurements were done using Qcodes. The description of the files and the instructions on opening the data can be found in the Readme. An additional Jupyter Notebook is attached that walks through the data analysis.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"17196","contributor":[{"contributor_type":"project_member","last_name":"Crippa","orcid":"0000-0002-2968-611X","id":"1F2B21A2-F6E7-11E9-9B82-F7DBE5697425","first_name":"Alessandro"},{"first_name":"Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","contributor_type":"project_member","last_name":"Valentini"},{"first_name":"Marian","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","contributor_type":"project_member","last_name":"Janik"},{"last_name":"Baghumyan","contributor_type":"project_member","first_name":"Levon","id":"7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7"},{"id":"298cf6f3-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-d94cfa0b3352","first_name":"Giorgio","contributor_type":"project_member","last_name":"Fabris"},{"first_name":"Lucky","id":"84b9700b-15b2-11ec-abd3-831089e67615","last_name":"Kapoor","contributor_type":"project_member"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773","first_name":"Farid","id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","contributor_type":"project_member","last_name":"Hassani"},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","last_name":"Fink","contributor_type":"project_member"},{"contributor_type":"project_member","last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano"},{"contributor_type":"project_member","last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel"},{"contributor_type":"project_member","last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"contributor_type":"supervisor","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"ama":"Sagi O. A gate-tunable transmon in planar Ge. 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196</a>","ista":"Sagi O. 2024. A gate-tunable transmon in planar Ge, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196</a>.","chicago":"Sagi, Oliver. “A Gate-Tunable Transmon in Planar Ge.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196</a>.","mla":"Sagi, Oliver. <i>A Gate-Tunable Transmon in Planar Ge</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196</a>.","short":"O. Sagi, (2024).","ieee":"O. Sagi, “A gate-tunable transmon in planar Ge.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.","apa":"Sagi, O. (2024). A gate-tunable transmon in planar Ge. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196</a>"},"day":"04","year":"2024","ddc":["530"],"user_id":"68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d","date_published":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z"},{"page":"164","status":"public","file_date_updated":"2025-05-23T22:30:09Z","date_updated":"2026-04-07T13:23:25Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"year":"2024","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","ddc":["539"],"date_published":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","OA_place":"publisher","_id":"18129","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"State-of-the-art quantum computers, with roughly a thousand qubits, face a crucial technological challenge of scaling up. Spins confined in quantum dots (QDs) are a promising candidate\r\nfor qubits due to their long coherence, tunability, control, and readout. However, their natural\r\ncoupling is the short-ranged (∼ 100 nm) exchange interaction, limited to nearest neighbours.\r\nLong-ranged (∼ 1 mm) qubit interactions mediated by a photon could be engineered through a\r\ncoherent spin-photon coupling. Achieving a strong coupling to a photon is inherently challenging in QDs due to the small dipole moment of the confined charge. However, the potential of\r\nhigh-impedance resonators to compensate for this has gained significant attention in the past\r\ndecade. Nevertheless, previous QD circuit quantum electrodynamics implementations have not\r\nexceeded the impedance of ∼ 3.8 kΩ, leaving opportunities for significant improvement. The\r\nlarge kinetic inductance of granular aluminium (grAl) could provide an order-of-magnitude\r\nenhancement. However, fully exploiting the potential of disordered or granular superconductors\r\nis challenging as their impedances close to the superconductor-to-insulator transition are\r\ndifficult to control reproducibly. We report on the realization of a wireless ohmmeter which\r\nallows in situ resistance measurements during film deposition and, therefore, indirect control\r\nof the kinetic inductance of grAl films. This allows us to reproducibly fabricate resonators\r\nwith characteristic impedance exceeding the resistance quantum, even reaching 22.3 kW, due\r\nto the large sheet kinetic inductance of up to 3 nH □−1\r\n. By integrating an 8 kW resonator\r\nwith a germanium double QD, we demonstrate a strong charge-photon coupling with the\r\nhighest rate reported, 566 MHz. The demonstrated method and grAl properties make these\r\nresonators suitable for boosting the spin-photon coupling strength, a crucial requirement for\r\nfast, high-fidelity, long-distance two-qubit gates.\r\n"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"dissertation","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"apa":"Janik, M. (2024). <i>Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129</a>","short":"M. Janik, Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.","ieee":"M. Janik, “Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.","mla":"Janik, Marian. <i>Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129\">10.15479/at:ista:18129</a>.","chicago":"Janik, Marian. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129</a>.","ista":"Janik M. 2024. Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Janik M. Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129\">10.15479/at:ista:18129</a>"},"day":"24","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"corr_author":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"18144","relation":"part_of_dissertation"}]},"degree_awarded":"PhD","doi":"10.15479/at:ista:18129","oa":1,"author":[{"first_name":"Marian","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","full_name":"Janik, Marian","last_name":"Janik"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"I05060","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins"},{"grant_number":"P36507","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge"},{"name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"grant_number":"101069515","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452","name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology"},{"_id":"eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2","name":"Protected states of quantum matter"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"GeKa"}],"month":"09","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"title":"Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors","date_created":"2024-09-23T17:25:43Z","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"oa_version":"Published Version","supervisor":[{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georgios"}],"publication_status":"published","file":[{"access_level":"closed","date_created":"2024-09-23T17:15:09Z","file_size":156207943,"content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","embargo_to":"open_access","file_name":"janik_thesis.zip","checksum":"dc15958f6400b5bdaa28bf58fc7a4056","relation":"source_file","date_updated":"2025-05-23T22:30:09Z","creator":"mjanik","file_id":"18130"},{"file_size":96195684,"date_created":"2024-09-23T17:15:30Z","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","embargo":"2025-05-23","creator":"mjanik","file_id":"18131","date_updated":"2025-05-23T22:30:09Z","relation":"main_file","file_name":"janik_thesis_pdfa.pdf","checksum":"74737aee285dc1f491643327350efe9c"}]},{"date_created":"2024-09-26T09:50:43Z","title":"Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors","oa_version":"Preprint","arxiv":1,"publication_status":"draft","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"18886"},{"status":"public","id":"19401","relation":"later_version"},{"id":"18129","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"article_processing_charge":"No","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"corr_author":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Janik, Marian","last_name":"Janik","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Marian","orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831"},{"id":"53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef","first_name":"Kevin Etienne Robert","last_name":"Roux","full_name":"Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert"},{"first_name":"Carla N","id":"18777c01-896a-11ed-bdf8-e4851dc07d16","full_name":"Borja Espinosa, Carla N","last_name":"Borja Espinosa"},{"last_name":"Sagi","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","first_name":"Oliver"},{"full_name":"Baghdadi, Abdulhamid","last_name":"Baghdadi","id":"160D87FA-96B5-11E9-BF77-7626E6697425","first_name":"Abdulhamid"},{"first_name":"Thomas","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","last_name":"Adletzberger"},{"full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano"},{"last_name":"Botifoll","full_name":"Botifoll, Marc","first_name":"Marc"},{"last_name":"Manjón","full_name":"Manjón, Alba Garzón","first_name":"Alba Garzón"},{"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Arbiol","full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi"},{"full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel"},{"last_name":"Isella","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"first_name":"Ioan M.","full_name":"Pop, Ioan M.","last_name":"Pop"},{"last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"}],"month":"07","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"JoFi"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"101069515","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452","name":"Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology"},{"_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices"},{"_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a","grant_number":"P36507","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge"},{"grant_number":"I05060","_id":"c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1","name":"High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins"}],"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Franco De Palma, Mahya Khorramshahi, Fabian Oppliger, Thomas Reisinger, Pasquale Scarlino and Xiao Xue for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project, the FWF Projects with DOI:10.55776/P32235, DOI:10.55776/I5060 and DOI:10.55776/P36507. IMP acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG – German Research Foundation) under project number 450396347 (GeHoldeQED). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. We acknowledge support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+). This research work has been funded by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s\r\nQuantum Technologies Platform (QTEP). ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD program. AGM has received funding from Grant RYC2021-033479-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. The authors\r\nacknowledge the use of instrumentation and the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy Center at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB) funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development\r\nFund (ERDF), with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is a founding member of e-DREAM [60].","OA_place":"repository","date_published":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079","open_access":"1"}],"article_number":"2407.03079","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2024","citation":{"ieee":"M. Janik <i>et al.</i>, “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","short":"M. Janik, K.E.R. Roux, C.N. Borja Espinosa, O. Sagi, A. Baghdadi, T. Adletzberger, S. Calcaterra, M. Botifoll, A.G. Manjón, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, I.M. Pop, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).","mla":"Janik, Marian, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular  Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2407.03079, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079\">10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>.","apa":"Janik, M., Roux, K. E. R., Borja Espinosa, C. N., Sagi, O., Baghdadi, A., Adletzberger, T., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>","ista":"Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, Sagi O, Baghdadi A, Adletzberger T, Calcaterra S, Botifoll M, Manjón AG, Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Pop IM, Katsaros G. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors. arXiv, 2407.03079.","ama":"Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, et al. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular  aluminium superinductors. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079\">10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>","chicago":"Janik, Marian, Kevin Etienne Robert Roux, Carla N Borja Espinosa, Oliver Sagi, Abdulhamid Baghdadi, Thomas Adletzberger, Stefano Calcaterra, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular  Aluminium Superinductors.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079</a>."},"day":"03","external_id":{"arxiv":["2407.03079"]},"_id":"18144","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"High kinetic inductance superconductors are gaining increasing interest for\r\nthe realisation of qubits, amplifiers and detectors. Moreover, thanks to their\r\nhigh impedance, quantum buses made of such materials enable large zero-point\r\nfluctuations of the voltage, boosting the coupling rates to spin and charge\r\nqubits. However, fully exploiting the potential of disordered or granular\r\nsuperconductors is challenging, as their inductance and, therefore, impedance\r\nat high values are difficult to control. Here we have integrated a granular\r\naluminium resonator, having a characteristic impedance exceeding the resistance\r\nquantum, with a germanium double quantum dot and demonstrate strong\r\ncharge-photon coupling with a rate of $g_\\text{c}/2\\pi= (566 \\pm 2)$ MHz. This\r\nwas achieved due to the realisation of a wireless ohmmeter, which allows\r\n\\emph{in situ} measurements during film deposition and, therefore, control of\r\nthe kinetic inductance of granular aluminium films. Reproducible fabrication of\r\ncircuits with impedances (inductances) exceeding 13 k$\\Omega$ (1 nH per square)\r\nis now possible. This broadly applicable method opens the path for novel qubits\r\nand high-fidelity, long-distance two-qubit gates.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"preprint","status":"public","date_updated":"2026-04-27T22:30:20Z","publication":"arXiv","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}]},{"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","open_access":"1"}],"date_published":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","OA_place":"repository","year":"2023","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","ddc":["530"],"article_number":"2306.07109","day":"13","citation":{"chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.","ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, Gijsel T de, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Servin JA, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Souto RS, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. arXiv, 2306.07109.","ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., Gijsel, T. de, Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.A. Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.S. Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2306.07109, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>."},"type":"preprint","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing\r\ninterest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement\r\nsemiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of\r\nnew ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this\r\nwork, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium\r\nhole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We\r\ndemonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux\r\ntunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference\r\ndevice (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a\r\nregime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a $ \\sin\r\n\\left( 2 \\varphi \\right)$ CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this\r\ninterpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with $ \\approx\r\n100 \\%$ efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards monolithic\r\nintegration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected)\r\nsuperconducting qubits on a silicon technology compatible platform."}],"_id":"13312","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2306.07109"]},"ec_funded":1,"status":"public","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-07T13:27:22Z","publication":"arXiv","oa_version":"Preprint","date_created":"2023-07-26T11:17:20Z","title":"Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas","arxiv":1,"keyword":["Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics"],"publication_status":"draft","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"13286","status":"public"}]},"corr_author":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"No","project":[{"name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862046"},{"name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"P32235"},{"name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","grant_number":"P36507","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"grant_number":"F8606","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e","name":"Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems: Conventional  and unconventional topological superconductors"},{"name":"Protected states of quantum matter","_id":"eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2"}],"month":"06","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"author":[{"id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","first_name":"Marco","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","last_name":"Valentini"},{"full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","last_name":"Sagi","first_name":"Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425"},{"last_name":"Baghumyan","full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon","first_name":"Levon"},{"full_name":"Gijsel, Thijs de","last_name":"Gijsel","first_name":"Thijs de"},{"first_name":"Jason","id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jung, Jason","last_name":"Jung"},{"last_name":"Calcaterra","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","first_name":"Stefano"},{"last_name":"Ballabio","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea"},{"first_name":"Juan Aguilera","last_name":"Servin","full_name":"Servin, Juan Aguilera"},{"last_name":"Aggarwal","full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","first_name":"Kushagra","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293"},{"orcid":"0009-0003-9037-8831","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Marian","full_name":"Janik, Marian","last_name":"Janik"},{"last_name":"Adletzberger","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Souto","full_name":"Souto, Rubén Seoane","first_name":"Rubén Seoane"},{"full_name":"Leijnse, Martin","last_name":"Leijnse","first_name":"Martin"},{"first_name":"Jeroen","last_name":"Danon","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen"},{"last_name":"Schrade","full_name":"Schrade, Constantin","first_name":"Constantin"},{"first_name":"Erik","full_name":"Bakkers, Erik","last_name":"Bakkers"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel"},{"first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","last_name":"Isella"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano\r\nScappucci and Christian Schonenberger for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the\r\nTEM analysis. This research and related results were made\r\npossible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation. It was\r\nsupported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the\r\nnanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020\r\nresearch and innovation programme under Grant Agreement\r\nNo 862046, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the\r\nFWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. R.S.S.\r\nacknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program” Project No.\r\n2022-T1/IND-24070.","oa":1,"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109"}]