---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '22619'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Planar germanium is currently the only semiconducting platform where high-coherence
spin qubits and proximity-induced superconductivity have each been demonstrated.
Recent research into spin qubits in Ge/SiGe heterostructures has focused on increasing
the thickness of the SiGe capping layer, reporting improvements in the electrostatic
noise levels. Meanwhile, heterostructures with thinner capping layers remain rather
unexplored, despite the potential advantages for proximity-induced superconductivity.
Here, we study a Ge/SiGe heterostructure with a thin SiGe cap d - 4nm and investigate
its viability to host low-noise quantum dots. To keep the thermal budget compatible
with superconducting layers, low-temperature oxide deposition processes were developed
and implemented for the gate dielectrics. The charge noise level of the fabricated
devices is estimated to be 1.8 +- 1.0 μeV/ square HZ, comparable to devices
fabricated on shallow heterostructures ( d - 20nm) with high-temperature deposited
oxides. Low charge noise levels, together with the straightforward integration
of superconductors, make this heterostructure an attractive platform for prototyping
hybrid semiconducting–superconducting devices.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: 'We sincerely thank Nick van Loo, Greg Mazur, Dhananjay Joshi, and
Srijit Goswami for their inputs on low-temperature HfOx deposition; Matias Urdampilleta
and Daniel Jirovec for discussions; and Kristen Léonard for the careful reading
of the manuscript. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of
ISTA through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication
facility. The authors acknowledge support from the NOMIS Foundation; the European
Innovation Council Pathfinder Grant No. 101115315 (QuKiT); the FWF Projects with
DOI:10.55776/F86, DOI:10.55776/PAT7682124, and DOI:10.55776/P36507; and the HE-MSCA-PF
project with DOI:10.3030/101150858. ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa Program
from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.: CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Program/Generalitat
de Catalunya. ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya (No. 2021SGR00457).
We acknowledge support from the CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+)
on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+).'
article_number: '033505'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Maksim
full_name: Borovkov, Maksim
id: 1fd0975f-8b61-11ed-b69e-d149334f28c5
last_name: Borovkov
- first_name: Yona A
full_name: Schell, Yona A
id: fe39122d-06bb-11ec-a33b-9e22b40e40a5
last_name: Schell
- first_name: Dina
full_name: Sokolova, Dina
id: 2d2d62f8-72f0-11ef-b75a-8ec3e8a60032
last_name: Sokolova
- first_name: Kevin Etienne Robert
full_name: Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert
id: 53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef
last_name: Roux
- first_name: Paul
full_name: Falthansl-Scheinecker, Paul
id: 85b43b21-15b2-11ec-abd3-e2c252cc2285
last_name: Falthansl-Scheinecker
- first_name: Giorgio
full_name: Fabris, Giorgio
id: 298cf6f3-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-d94cfa0b3352
last_name: Fabris
- first_name: Devashish C
full_name: Shah, Devashish C
id: de191434-4e7e-11ef-bf4b-9a056fc19fc3
last_name: Shah
orcid: 0009-0007-5829-7707
- first_name: Jaime
full_name: Saez Mollejo, Jaime
id: e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714
last_name: Saez Mollejo
- first_name: Rodolfo
full_name: Previdi, Rodolfo
id: bc4ea1dc-00ce-11ec-8a4e-b325ca8b9876
last_name: Previdi
- first_name: Inas
full_name: Taha, Inas
last_name: Taha
- first_name: Aziz
full_name: Genç, Aziz
last_name: Genç
- first_name: Jordi
full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Stefano
full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Afonso De Cerdeira
full_name: Oliveira, Afonso De Cerdeira
last_name: Oliveira
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
full_name: Isella, Giovanni
last_name: Isella
- first_name: Anton
full_name: Bubis, Anton
id: 1f6212b5-f795-11ec-9c0c-de4780302890
last_name: Bubis
- first_name: Georgios
full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
ama: Borovkov M, Schell YA, Sokolova D, et al. Low-noise quantum dots in ultra-shallow
Ge/SiGe heterostructures for prototyping hybrid semiconducting–superconducting
devices. Applied Physics Letters. 2026;129(3). doi:10.1063/5.0333142
apa: Borovkov, M., Schell, Y. A., Sokolova, D., Roux, K. E. R., Falthansl-Scheinecker,
P., Fabris, G., … Katsaros, G. (2026). Low-noise quantum dots in ultra-shallow
Ge/SiGe heterostructures for prototyping hybrid semiconducting–superconducting
devices. Applied Physics Letters. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0333142
chicago: Borovkov, Maksim, Yona A Schell, Dina Sokolova, Kevin Etienne Robert Roux,
Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, Giorgio Fabris, Devashish C Shah, et al. “Low-Noise
Quantum Dots in Ultra-Shallow Ge/SiGe Heterostructures for Prototyping Hybrid
Semiconducting–Superconducting Devices.” Applied Physics Letters. AIP Publishing,
2026. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0333142.
ieee: M. Borovkov et al., “Low-noise quantum dots in ultra-shallow Ge/SiGe
heterostructures for prototyping hybrid semiconducting–superconducting devices,”
Applied Physics Letters, vol. 129, no. 3. AIP Publishing, 2026.
ista: Borovkov M, Schell YA, Sokolova D, Roux KER, Falthansl-Scheinecker P, Fabris
G, Shah DC, Saez Mollejo J, Previdi R, Taha I, Genç A, Arbiol J, Calcaterra S,
Oliveira ADC, Chrastina D, Isella G, Bubis A, Katsaros G. 2026. Low-noise quantum
dots in ultra-shallow Ge/SiGe heterostructures for prototyping hybrid semiconducting–superconducting
devices. Applied Physics Letters. 129(3), 033505.
mla: Borovkov, Maksim, et al. “Low-Noise Quantum Dots in Ultra-Shallow Ge/SiGe Heterostructures
for Prototyping Hybrid Semiconducting–Superconducting Devices.” Applied Physics
Letters, vol. 129, no. 3, 033505, AIP Publishing, 2026, doi:10.1063/5.0333142.
short: M. Borovkov, Y.A. Schell, D. Sokolova, K.E.R. Roux, P. Falthansl-Scheinecker,
G. Fabris, D.C. Shah, J. Saez Mollejo, R. Previdi, I. Taha, A. Genç, J. Arbiol,
S. Calcaterra, A.D.C. Oliveira, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, A. Bubis, G. Katsaros,
Applied Physics Letters 129 (2026).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: The data that support the findings of this study are openly
available in Institute of Science and Technology repository at http://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22242,
Ref. 50.
date_created: 2026-08-02T22:01:53Z
date_published: 2026-07-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-03T11:08:39Z
day: '20'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: GradSch
- _id: NanoFab
doi: 10.1063/5.0333142
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2602.21363'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0333142
intvolume: ' 129'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
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url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.21363
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
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grant_number: '101115315'
name: Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons
- _id: 34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e
grant_number: F8606
name: 'Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems:
Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors'
- _id: 5b9e579c-ab3d-11f0-914f-88754c5b5a3f
grant_number: PAT 7682124
name: Superconducting spin qubits in planar Ge
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
grant_number: P36507
name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: 8ea8abf7-16d5-11f0-9cad-c41e56ec8bb3
grant_number: '101150858'
name: Realization and Manipulation of a Planar hybrid superconducting Andreev spin
qubit in Germanium
publication: Applied Physics Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1077-3118
issn:
- 0003-6951
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
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- id: '22242'
relation: research_data
status: public
researchdata_availability: yes
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Low-noise quantum dots in ultra-shallow Ge/SiGe heterostructures for prototyping
hybrid semiconducting–superconducting devices
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 129
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: repository
_id: '22242'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: This deposit contains the data and analysis code accompanying the publication
"Low-Noise Quantum Dots in Ultra-Shallow Ge/SiGe Heterostructures for Prototyping
Hybrid Semiconducting–Superconducting Devices" (Borovkov et al.). The deposit
includes the raw transport and current-noise measurements of three gate-defined
quantum-dot devices as QCodes SQLite databases, the master table of the charge-noise
(flank-method) analysis with the pointers linking every analyzed PSD trace to
the raw data, the toy-model noise simulation datasets behind the supplementary
figures, the archived analysis figures (PSD fits and lever-arm extractions), and
the Python code reproducing the full analysis and all figures. The code is also
maintained at https://github.com/ISTA-Nanoelectronics/noise_paper_public; instructions
are provided in the README files.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Maksim
full_name: Borovkov, Maksim
id: 1fd0975f-8b61-11ed-b69e-d149334f28c5
last_name: Borovkov
citation:
ama: Borovkov M. Low-Noise Quantum Dots in Ultra-Shallow Ge/SiGe Heterostructures
for Prototyping Hybrid Semiconducting-Superconducting Devices. 2026. doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-22242
apa: Borovkov, M. (2026). Low-Noise Quantum Dots in Ultra-Shallow Ge/SiGe Heterostructures
for Prototyping Hybrid Semiconducting-Superconducting Devices. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22242
chicago: Borovkov, Maksim. “Low-Noise Quantum Dots in Ultra-Shallow Ge/SiGe Heterostructures
for Prototyping Hybrid Semiconducting-Superconducting Devices.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2026. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22242.
ieee: M. Borovkov, “Low-Noise Quantum Dots in Ultra-Shallow Ge/SiGe Heterostructures
for Prototyping Hybrid Semiconducting-Superconducting Devices.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2026.
ista: Borovkov M. 2026. Low-Noise Quantum Dots in Ultra-Shallow Ge/SiGe Heterostructures
for Prototyping Hybrid Semiconducting-Superconducting Devices, Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT-ISTA-22242.
mla: Borovkov, Maksim. Low-Noise Quantum Dots in Ultra-Shallow Ge/SiGe Heterostructures
for Prototyping Hybrid Semiconducting-Superconducting Devices. Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-22242.
short: M. Borovkov, (2026).
contributor:
- contributor_type: contact_person
first_name: Maksim
id: 1fd0975f-8b61-11ed-b69e-d149334f28c5
last_name: Borovkov
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-07-04T17:32:27Z
date_published: 2026-07-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-03T11:08:38Z
day: '04'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.15479/AT-ISTA-22242
doi_confirm: '1'
file:
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checksum: 2a1ea297e01a7a202a6b144d69a46eef
content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
creator: mborovko
date_created: 2026-07-04T17:28:49Z
date_updated: 2026-07-04T17:28:49Z
file_id: '22243'
file_name: noise_paper_public_deposit.zip
file_size: 3082596099
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-07-04T17:28:49Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22242
has_accepted_license: '1'
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: bdc2ca30-d553-11ed-ba76-cf164a5bb811
grant_number: '101115315'
name: Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons
- _id: 34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e
grant_number: F8606
name: 'Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems:
Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors'
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
grant_number: P36507
name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: 8ea8abf7-16d5-11f0-9cad-c41e56ec8bb3
grant_number: '101150858'
name: Realization and Manipulation of a Planar hybrid superconducting Andreev spin
qubit in Germanium
- _id: 5b9e579c-ab3d-11f0-914f-88754c5b5a3f
grant_number: PAT 7682124
name: Superconducting spin qubits in planar Ge
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
link:
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url: https://github.com/ISTA-Nanoelectronics/noise_paper_public
record:
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relation: used_in_publication
status: public
status: public
title: Low-Noise Quantum Dots in Ultra-Shallow Ge/SiGe Heterostructures for Prototyping
Hybrid Semiconducting-Superconducting Devices
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data
user_id: 68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d
year: '2026'
...
---
APC_amount: 7068 EUR
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '19401'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: High kinetic inductance superconductors are gaining increasing interest for
the realisation of qubits, amplifiers and detectors. Moreover, thanks to their
high impedance, quantum buses made of such materials enable large zero-point fluctuations
of the voltage, boosting the coupling rates to spin and charge qubits. However,
fully exploiting the potential of disordered or granular superconductors is challenging,
as their inductance and, therefore, impedance at high values are difficult to
control. Here, we report a reproducible fabrication of granular aluminium resonators
by developing a wireless ohmmeter, which allows in situ measurements during film
deposition and, therefore, control of the kinetic inductance of granular aluminium
films. Reproducible fabrication of circuits with impedances (inductances) exceeding
13 kΩ (1 nH per square) is now possible. By integrating a 7.9 kΩ resonator with
a germanium double quantum dot, we demonstrate strong charge-photon coupling with
a rate of gc/2π = 566 ± 2 MHz. This broadly applicable method opens the path for
novel qubits and high-fidelity, long-distance two-qubit gates.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: 'We acknowledge Franco De Palma, Mahya Khorramshahi, Fabian Oppliger,
Thomas Reisinger, Pasquale Scarlino and Xiao Xue for helpful discussions. We thank
Simon Robson for proofreading the manuscript. This research was supported by the
Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine
Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made
possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation and the HORIZON-RIA 101069515
project. This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund
(FWF) https://doi.org/10.55776/P32235, https://doi.org/10.55776/I5060 and https://doi.org/10.55776/P36507.
For Open Access purposes, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license
to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission. M.J. acknowledges
funding from FellowQUTE 2024-01. K.R. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s
Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant
Agreement No. 101034413. I.M.P. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(DFG - German Research Foundation) under project number 450396347 (GeHoldeQED).
ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. We acknowledge
support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies
(PTI-QTEP+). This research work has been funded by the European Commission - NextGenerationEU
(Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s Quantum Technologies Platform (QTEP).
ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa programme from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.:
CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.
Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona Materials Science PhD programme. AGM has received funding from Grant
RYC2021-033479-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union
NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya
and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. The authors acknowledge the
use of instrumentation and the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy
Centre at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB)
funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF),
with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya.
ICN2 is a founding member of e-DREAM60.'
article_number: '2103'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marian
full_name: Janik, Marian
id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Janik
orcid: 0009-0003-9037-8831
- first_name: Kevin Etienne Robert
full_name: Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert
id: 53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef
last_name: Roux
- first_name: Carla N
full_name: Borja Espinosa, Carla N
id: 18777c01-896a-11ed-bdf8-e4851dc07d16
last_name: Borja Espinosa
- first_name: Oliver
full_name: Sagi, Oliver
id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Abdulhamid
full_name: Baghdadi, Abdulhamid
id: 160D87FA-96B5-11E9-BF77-7626E6697425
last_name: Baghdadi
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Adletzberger, Thomas
id: 38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Adletzberger
- first_name: Stefano
full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Marc
full_name: Botifoll, Marc
last_name: Botifoll
- first_name: Alba
full_name: Garzón Manjón, Alba
last_name: Garzón Manjón
- first_name: Jordi
full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
full_name: Isella, Giovanni
last_name: Isella
- first_name: Ioan M.
full_name: Pop, Ioan M.
last_name: Pop
- first_name: Georgios
full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
ama: Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, et al. Strong charge-photon coupling
in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. Nature Communications.
2025;16. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4
apa: Janik, M., Roux, K. E. R., Borja Espinosa, C. N., Sagi, O., Baghdadi, A., Adletzberger,
T., … Katsaros, G. (2025). Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled
by granular aluminium superinductors. Nature Communications. Springer Nature.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4
chicago: Janik, Marian, Kevin Etienne Robert Roux, Carla N Borja Espinosa, Oliver
Sagi, Abdulhamid Baghdadi, Thomas Adletzberger, Stefano Calcaterra, et al. “Strong
Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.”
Nature Communications. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4.
ieee: M. Janik et al., “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium
enabled by granular aluminium superinductors,” Nature Communications, vol.
16. Springer Nature, 2025.
ista: Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, Sagi O, Baghdadi A, Adletzberger T,
Calcaterra S, Botifoll M, Garzón Manjón A, Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Pop
IM, Katsaros G. 2025. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled
by granular aluminium superinductors. Nature Communications. 16, 2103.
mla: Janik, Marian, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled
by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.” Nature Communications, vol. 16,
2103, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4.
short: M. Janik, K.E.R. Roux, C.N. Borja Espinosa, O. Sagi, A. Baghdadi, T. Adletzberger,
S. Calcaterra, M. Botifoll, A. Garzón Manjón, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella,
I.M. Pop, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 16 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-03-16T23:01:23Z
date_published: 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T11:05:09Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: JoFi
- _id: M-Shop
doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2407.03079'
isi:
- '001434774800001'
pmid:
- '40025007'
file:
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checksum: a9383dd978ca2c50b7dded6c0bb2cd49
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-03-17T10:53:32Z
date_updated: 2025-03-17T10:53:32Z
file_id: '19415'
file_name: 2025_NatureComm_Janik.pdf
file_size: 6364878
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-03-17T10:53:32Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 16'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452
grant_number: '101069515'
name: Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P32235
name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1
grant_number: I05060
name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
grant_number: P36507
name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101034413'
name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
- _id: 3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1
call_identifier: FWF
name: FWF Open Access Fund
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
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relation: research_data
status: public
- id: '18144'
relation: earlier_version
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
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title: Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium
superinductors
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abstract:
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text: Research Data for publication 'Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium
enabled by granular aluminium superinductors'
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: 'We acknowledge Franco De Palma, Mahya Khorramshahi, Fabian Oppliger,
Thomas Reisinger, Pasquale Scarlino and Xiao Xue for helpful discussions. We thank
Simon Robson for proofreading the manuscript. This research was supported by the
Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine
Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related results were made
possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation and the HORIZON-RIA 101069515
project. This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund
(FWF) DOI:10.55776/P32235, DOI:10.55776/I5060 and DOI:10.55776/P36507. For Open
Access purposes, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any
author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission. M.J. acknowledges
funding from FellowQUTE 2024-01. I.M.P. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(DFG – German Research Foundation) under project number 450396347 (GeHoldeQED).
ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. We acknowledge
support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies
(PTI-QTEP+). This research work has been funded by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU
(Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC''s Quantum Technologies Platform (QTEP).
ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.:
CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.
Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona Materials Science PhD program. AGM has received funding from Grant
RYC2021-033479-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union
NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya
and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. The authors acknowledge the
use of instrumentation and the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy
Center at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB)
funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF),
with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya.
ICN2 is a founding member of e-DREAM.'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Marian
full_name: Janik, Marian
id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Janik
orcid: 0009-0003-9037-8831
citation:
ama: Janik M. Research data for publication “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar
germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors.” 2025. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886
apa: Janik, M. (2025). Research data for publication “Strong charge-photon coupling
in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors.” Institute of
Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886
chicago: Janik, Marian. “Research Data for Publication ‘Strong Charge-Photon Coupling
in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.’” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886.
ieee: M. Janik, “Research data for publication ‘Strong charge-photon coupling in
planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors.’” Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 2025.
ista: Janik M. 2025. Research data for publication ‘Strong charge-photon coupling
in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors’, Institute of
Science and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886.
mla: Janik, Marian. Research Data for Publication “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling
in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.” Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886.
short: M. Janik, (2025).
contributor:
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Kevin Etienne Robert
id: 53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef
last_name: Roux
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Carla N
id: 18777c01-896a-11ed-bdf8-e4851dc07d16
last_name: Borja Espinosa
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Oliver
id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
last_name: Sagi
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Abdulhamid
id: 160D87FA-96B5-11E9-BF77-7626E6697425
last_name: Baghdadi
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Thomas
id: 38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Adletzberger
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Stefano
last_name: Calcaterra
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Marc
last_name: Botifoll
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Alba Garzón
last_name: Manjón
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Jordi
last_name: Arbiol
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Daniel
last_name: Chrastina
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Giovanni
last_name: Isella
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Ioan M.
last_name: Pop
- contributor_type: researcher
first_name: Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-01-27T09:48:44Z
date_published: 2025-01-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T11:05:09Z
day: '27'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:18886
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oa_version: Published Version
project:
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grant_number: '101069515'
name: Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology
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call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P32235
name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
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grant_number: P36507
name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
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grant_number: I05060
name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
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title: Research data for publication 'Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium
enabled by granular aluminium superinductors'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
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type: research_data
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abstract:
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text: Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing interest
in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement semiconductor
technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of new ideas such
as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this work, we engineer
the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium hole gas by varying
the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We demonstrate a hard
superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux tunable superconducting
diode using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This allows
to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a regime where single Cooper pair
tunneling is suppressed, creating a sin(2y) CPR. Shapiro experiments complement
this interpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with ≈ 100%
efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards integration of spin
qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected) superconducting qubits on the
same silicon technology compatible platform.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "We acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Francesco
Giazotto, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano Scappucci, Christian Schonenberger,
and Lukas Splitthoff for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the
support in the TEM analysis. This research and related results were made possible
with the support of the NOMIS\r\nFoundation. It was supported by the Scientific
Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the
nanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research andinnovation
programme under Grant Agreement No 862046, the HORIZONRIA\r\n101069515 project,
the European Innovation Council Pathfinder grant no. 101115315 (QuKiT), and the
FWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. For the purpose of open access, the
authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript
version arising from this submission. R.S.S. acknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program\"\r\nProject
No. 2022-T1/IND-24070. J.J. acknowledges European Research Council TOCINA 834290."
article_number: '169'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Valentini, Marco
id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Oliver
full_name: Sagi, Oliver
id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Levon
full_name: Baghumyan, Levon
id: 7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7
last_name: Baghumyan
- first_name: Thijs
full_name: de Gijsel, Thijs
id: a0ece13c-b527-11ee-929d-bad130106eee
last_name: de Gijsel
- first_name: Jason
full_name: Jung, Jason
id: 4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jung
- first_name: Stefano
full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Andrea
full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Juan L
full_name: Aguilera Servin, Juan L
id: 2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Aguilera Servin
orcid: 0000-0002-2862-8372
- first_name: Kushagra
full_name: Aggarwal, Kushagra
id: b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb
last_name: Aggarwal
orcid: 0000-0001-9985-9293
- first_name: Marian
full_name: Janik, Marian
id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Janik
orcid: 0009-0003-9037-8831
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Adletzberger, Thomas
id: 38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Adletzberger
- first_name: Rubén
full_name: Seoane Souto, Rubén
last_name: Seoane Souto
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Leijnse, Martin
last_name: Leijnse
- first_name: Jeroen
full_name: Danon, Jeroen
last_name: Danon
- first_name: Constantin
full_name: Schrade, Constantin
last_name: Schrade
- first_name: Erik
full_name: Bakkers, Erik
last_name: Bakkers
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
full_name: Isella, Giovanni
last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
ama: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport
and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. Nature Communications.
2024;15. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0
apa: Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., de Gijsel, T., Jung, J., Calcaterra,
S., … Katsaros, G. (2024). Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting
diode in planar germanium. Nature Communications. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0
chicago: Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason
Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair
Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” Nature Communications.
Springer Nature, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0.
ieee: M. Valentini et al., “Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal
superconducting diode in planar germanium,” Nature Communications, vol.
15. Springer Nature, 2024.
ista: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, de Gijsel T, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio
A, Aguilera Servin JL, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Seoane Souto R, Leijnse
M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. Parity-conserving
Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. Nature
Communications. 15, 169.
mla: Valentini, Marco, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal
Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” Nature Communications, vol.
15, 169, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0.
short: M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra,
A. Ballabio, J.L. Aguilera Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.
Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella,
G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 15 (2024).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: All experimental data included in this work are available
at https://zenodo.org/records/10119346.
date_created: 2024-01-14T23:00:56Z
date_published: 2024-01-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T10:23:53Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0
ec_funded: 1
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project:
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call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '862046'
name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
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title: Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in
planar germanium
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...
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abstract:
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text: "The new era of Ge has opened up new possibilities in quantum computing. The
maturity of Ge\r\nspin qubits is unquestioned, while hybrid semiconductor-superconductor
Ge circuits are on track\r\nto enter the game. Gate-tunable transmons (gatemons)
employing semiconductor Josephson\r\njunctions have recently emerged as building
blocks for such hybrid quantum circuits. In this\r\nthesis, we present a gatemon
fabricated in planar Germanium. We induce superconductivity\r\nin a two-dimensional
hole gas by evaporating aluminum atop a thin spacer, which separates\r\nthe superconductor
from the Ge quantum well. The Josephson junction is then integrated\r\ninto an
Xmon circuit and capacitively coupled to a transmission line resonator. We showcase\r\nthe
qubit tunability in a broad frequency range with resonator and two-tone spectroscopy.\r\nTime-domain
characterizations reveal energy relaxation and coherence times up to 75 ns. Our\r\nresults,
combined with the recent advances in the spin qubit field, pave the way towards
novel\r\nhybrid and protected qubits in a group IV, CMOS-compatible material."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: M-Shop
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
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full_name: Sagi, Oliver
id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
last_name: Sagi
citation:
ama: Sagi O. Hybrid circuits on planar Germanium. 2024. doi:10.15479/at:ista:18076
apa: Sagi, O. (2024). Hybrid circuits on planar Germanium. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18076
chicago: Sagi, Oliver. “Hybrid Circuits on Planar Germanium.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18076.
ieee: O. Sagi, “Hybrid circuits on planar Germanium,” Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2024.
ista: Sagi O. 2024. Hybrid circuits on planar Germanium. Institute of Science and
Technology Austria.
mla: Sagi, Oliver. Hybrid Circuits on Planar Germanium. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2024, doi:10.15479/at:ista:18076.
short: O. Sagi, Hybrid Circuits on Planar Germanium, Institute of Science and Technology
Austria, 2024.
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
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oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
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researchdata_availability: no
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supervisor:
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id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Hybrid circuits on planar Germanium
tmp:
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legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC
BY-NC-SA 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
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...
---
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abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Gate-tunable transmons (gatemons) employing semiconductor Josephson junctions
have recently emerged as building blocks for hybrid quantum circuits. In this
study, we present a gatemon fabricated in planar Germanium. We induce superconductivity
in a two-dimensional hole gas by evaporating aluminum atop a thin spacer, which
separates the superconductor from the Ge quantum well. The Josephson junction
is then integrated into an Xmon circuit and capacitively coupled to a transmission
line resonator. We showcase the qubit tunability in a broad frequency range with
resonator and two-tone spectroscopy. Time-domain characterizations reveal energy
relaxation and coherence times up to 75 ns. Our results, combined with the recent
advances in the spin qubit field, pave the way towards novel hybrid and protected
qubits in a group IV, CMOS-compatible material.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "We acknowledge Lucas Casparis, Jeroen Danon, Valla Fatemi, Morten
Kjaergard and Javad Shabani for their valuable insights and comments. This research
was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided
by the MIBA Machine Shop\r\nand the Nanofabrication facility. This research and
related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation and
the FWF Projects with DOI:10.55776/I5060 and DOI:10.55776/P36507. We also acknowledge
the NextGenerationEU PRIN project\r\n2022A8CJP3 (GAMESQUAD) for partial financial
support."
article_number: '6400'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Oliver
full_name: Sagi, Oliver
id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Alessandro
full_name: Crippa, Alessandro
id: 1F2B21A2-F6E7-11E9-9B82-F7DBE5697425
last_name: Crippa
orcid: 0000-0002-2968-611X
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Valentini, Marco
id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Marian
full_name: Janik, Marian
id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Janik
orcid: 0009-0003-9037-8831
- first_name: Levon
full_name: Baghumyan, Levon
id: 7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7
last_name: Baghumyan
- first_name: Giorgio
full_name: Fabris, Giorgio
id: 298cf6f3-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-d94cfa0b3352
last_name: Fabris
- first_name: Lucky
full_name: Kapoor, Lucky
id: 84b9700b-15b2-11ec-abd3-831089e67615
last_name: Kapoor
orcid: 0000-0001-8319-2148
- first_name: Farid
full_name: Hassani, Farid
id: 2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hassani
orcid: 0000-0001-6937-5773
- first_name: Johannes M
full_name: Fink, Johannes M
id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fink
orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
- first_name: Stefano
full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
full_name: Isella, Giovanni
last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
ama: Sagi O, Crippa A, Valentini M, et al. A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar
Ge. Nature Communications. 2024;15. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6
apa: Sagi, O., Crippa, A., Valentini, M., Janik, M., Baghumyan, L., Fabris, G.,
… Katsaros, G. (2024). A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge. Nature Communications.
Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6
chicago: Sagi, Oliver, Alessandro Crippa, Marco Valentini, Marian Janik, Levon Baghumyan,
Giorgio Fabris, Lucky Kapoor, et al. “A Gate Tunable Transmon Qubit in Planar
Ge.” Nature Communications. Springer Nature, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6.
ieee: O. Sagi et al., “A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge,” Nature
Communications, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024.
ista: Sagi O, Crippa A, Valentini M, Janik M, Baghumyan L, Fabris G, Kapoor L, Hassani
F, Fink JM, Calcaterra S, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. A gate tunable
transmon qubit in planar Ge. Nature Communications. 15, 6400.
mla: Sagi, Oliver, et al. “A Gate Tunable Transmon Qubit in Planar Ge.” Nature
Communications, vol. 15, 6400, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6.
short: O. Sagi, A. Crippa, M. Valentini, M. Janik, L. Baghumyan, G. Fabris, L. Kapoor,
F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, S. Calcaterra, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature
Communications 15 (2024).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: All experimental data included in this work will be available
at the ISTA Research Data Repository
date_created: 2024-07-04T11:40:45Z
date_published: 2024-07-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T11:23:23Z
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- _id: JoFi
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doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-50763-6
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acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: 'This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA
through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. '
article_processing_charge: No
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apa: Sagi, O. (2024). A gate-tunable transmon in planar Ge. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196
chicago: Sagi, Oliver. “A Gate-Tunable Transmon in Planar Ge.” Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196.
ieee: O. Sagi, “A gate-tunable transmon in planar Ge.” Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 2024.
ista: Sagi O. 2024. A gate-tunable transmon in planar Ge, Institute of Science and
Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196.
mla: Sagi, Oliver. A Gate-Tunable Transmon in Planar Ge. Institute of Science
and Technology Austria, 2024, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196.
short: O. Sagi, (2024).
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last_name: Janik
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first_name: Johannes M
id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fink
orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Stefano
last_name: Calcaterra
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Daniel
last_name: Chrastina
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Giovanni
last_name: Isella
- contributor_type: supervisor
first_name: Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
corr_author: '1'
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date_published: 2024-07-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T11:23:23Z
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grant_number: I05060
name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
- _id: 262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
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title: A gate-tunable transmon in planar Ge
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...
---
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_id: '18129'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "State-of-the-art quantum computers, with roughly a thousand qubits, face
a crucial technological challenge of scaling up. Spins confined in quantum dots
(QDs) are a promising candidate\r\nfor qubits due to their long coherence, tunability,
control, and readout. However, their natural\r\ncoupling is the short-ranged (∼
100 nm) exchange interaction, limited to nearest neighbours.\r\nLong-ranged (∼
1 mm) qubit interactions mediated by a photon could be engineered through a\r\ncoherent
spin-photon coupling. Achieving a strong coupling to a photon is inherently challenging
in QDs due to the small dipole moment of the confined charge. However, the potential
of\r\nhigh-impedance resonators to compensate for this has gained significant
attention in the past\r\ndecade. Nevertheless, previous QD circuit quantum electrodynamics
implementations have not\r\nexceeded the impedance of ∼ 3.8 kΩ, leaving opportunities
for significant improvement. The\r\nlarge kinetic inductance of granular aluminium
(grAl) could provide an order-of-magnitude\r\nenhancement. However, fully exploiting
the potential of disordered or granular superconductors\r\nis challenging as their
impedances close to the superconductor-to-insulator transition are\r\ndifficult
to control reproducibly. We report on the realization of a wireless ohmmeter which\r\nallows
in situ resistance measurements during film deposition and, therefore, indirect
control\r\nof the kinetic inductance of grAl films. This allows us to reproducibly
fabricate resonators\r\nwith characteristic impedance exceeding the resistance
quantum, even reaching 22.3 kW, due\r\nto the large sheet kinetic inductance of
up to 3 nH □−1\r\n. By integrating an 8 kW resonator\r\nwith a germanium double
QD, we demonstrate a strong charge-photon coupling with the\r\nhighest rate reported,
566 MHz. The demonstrated method and grAl properties make these\r\nresonators
suitable for boosting the spin-photon coupling strength, a crucial requirement
for\r\nfast, high-fidelity, long-distance two-qubit gates.\r\n"
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Marian
full_name: Janik, Marian
id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Janik
orcid: 0009-0003-9037-8831
citation:
ama: Janik M. Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular aluminium
superinductors. 2024. doi:10.15479/at:ista:18129
apa: Janik, M. (2024). Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by
granular aluminium superinductors. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129
chicago: Janik, Marian. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Germanium Enabled by Granular
Aluminium Superinductors.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.
https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:18129.
ieee: M. Janik, “Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular
aluminium superinductors,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.
ista: Janik M. 2024. Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular
aluminium superinductors. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Janik, Marian. Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Germanium Enabled by Granular
Aluminium Superinductors. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024,
doi:10.15479/at:ista:18129.
short: M. Janik, Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Germanium Enabled by Granular
Aluminium Superinductors, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2024.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-09-23T17:25:43Z
date_published: 2024-09-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T11:22:53Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '539'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.15479/at:ista:18129
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month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '164'
project:
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grant_number: I05060
name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
grant_number: P36507
name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P32235
name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: 34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452
grant_number: '101069515'
name: Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology
- _id: eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2
name: Protected states of quantum matter
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
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status: public
researchdata_availability: unclear
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Georgios
full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
supplementarymaterial: unclear
title: Strong charge-photon coupling in Germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
year: '2024'
...
---
OA_place: repository
_id: '18144'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "High kinetic inductance superconductors are gaining increasing interest for\r\nthe
realisation of qubits, amplifiers and detectors. Moreover, thanks to their\r\nhigh
impedance, quantum buses made of such materials enable large zero-point\r\nfluctuations
of the voltage, boosting the coupling rates to spin and charge\r\nqubits. However,
fully exploiting the potential of disordered or granular\r\nsuperconductors is
challenging, as their inductance and, therefore, impedance\r\nat high values are
difficult to control. Here we have integrated a granular\r\naluminium resonator,
having a characteristic impedance exceeding the resistance\r\nquantum, with a
germanium double quantum dot and demonstrate strong\r\ncharge-photon coupling
with a rate of $g_\\text{c}/2\\pi= (566 \\pm 2)$ MHz. This\r\nwas achieved due
to the realisation of a wireless ohmmeter, which allows\r\n\\emph{in situ} measurements
during film deposition and, therefore, control of\r\nthe kinetic inductance of
granular aluminium films. Reproducible fabrication of\r\ncircuits with impedances
(inductances) exceeding 13 k$\\Omega$ (1 nH per square)\r\nis now possible. This
broadly applicable method opens the path for novel qubits\r\nand high-fidelity,
long-distance two-qubit gates."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "We acknowledge Franco De Palma, Mahya Khorramshahi, Fabian Oppliger,
Thomas Reisinger, Pasquale Scarlino and Xiao Xue for helpful discussions. This research
was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided
by the MIBA Machine Shop and the Nanofabrication facility. This research and related
results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation, the HORIZON-RIA
101069515 project, the FWF Projects with DOI:10.55776/P32235, DOI:10.55776/I5060
and DOI:10.55776/P36507. IMP acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(DFG – German Research Foundation) under project number 450396347 (GeHoldeQED).
ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457. We acknowledge
support from CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies
(PTI-QTEP+). This research work has been funded by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU
(Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s\r\nQuantum Technologies Platform (QTEP).
ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN/AEI (Grant No.:
CEX2021-001214-S) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.
Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona Materials Science PhD program. AGM has received funding from Grant
RYC2021-033479-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union
NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya
and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. The authors\r\nacknowledge the
use of instrumentation and the technical advice provided by the Joint Electron Microscopy
Center at ALBA (JEMCA). ICN2 acknowledges funding from Grant IU16-014206 (METCAM-FIB)
funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development\r\nFund (ERDF),
with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities, Generalitat de Catalunya.
ICN2 is a founding member of e-DREAM [60]."
article_number: '2407.03079'
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marian
full_name: Janik, Marian
id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Janik
orcid: 0009-0003-9037-8831
- first_name: Kevin Etienne Robert
full_name: Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert
id: 53f93ea2-803f-11ed-ab7e-b283135794ef
last_name: Roux
- first_name: Carla N
full_name: Borja Espinosa, Carla N
id: 18777c01-896a-11ed-bdf8-e4851dc07d16
last_name: Borja Espinosa
- first_name: Oliver
full_name: Sagi, Oliver
id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Abdulhamid
full_name: Baghdadi, Abdulhamid
id: 160D87FA-96B5-11E9-BF77-7626E6697425
last_name: Baghdadi
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Adletzberger, Thomas
id: 38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Adletzberger
- first_name: Stefano
full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Marc
full_name: Botifoll, Marc
last_name: Botifoll
- first_name: Alba Garzón
full_name: Manjón, Alba Garzón
last_name: Manjón
- first_name: Jordi
full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
full_name: Isella, Giovanni
last_name: Isella
- first_name: Ioan M.
full_name: Pop, Ioan M.
last_name: Pop
- first_name: Georgios
full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
ama: Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, et al. Strong charge-photon coupling
in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors. arXiv.
doi:10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079
apa: Janik, M., Roux, K. E. R., Borja Espinosa, C. N., Sagi, O., Baghdadi, A., Adletzberger,
T., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled
by granular aluminium superinductors. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079
chicago: Janik, Marian, Kevin Etienne Robert Roux, Carla N Borja Espinosa, Oliver
Sagi, Abdulhamid Baghdadi, Thomas Adletzberger, Stefano Calcaterra, et al. “Strong
Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.”
ArXiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079.
ieee: M. Janik et al., “Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium
enabled by granular aluminium superinductors,” arXiv. .
ista: Janik M, Roux KER, Borja Espinosa CN, Sagi O, Baghdadi A, Adletzberger T,
Calcaterra S, Botifoll M, Manjón AG, Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Pop IM,
Katsaros G. Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular
aluminium superinductors. arXiv, 2407.03079.
mla: Janik, Marian, et al. “Strong Charge-Photon Coupling in Planar Germanium Enabled
by Granular Aluminium Superinductors.” ArXiv, 2407.03079, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079.
short: M. Janik, K.E.R. Roux, C.N. Borja Espinosa, O. Sagi, A. Baghdadi, T. Adletzberger,
S. Calcaterra, M. Botifoll, A.G. Manjón, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, I.M.
Pop, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
date_created: 2024-09-26T09:50:43Z
date_published: 2024-07-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-11-12T23:31:09Z
day: '03'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: GradSch
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2407.03079'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.03079
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452
grant_number: '101069515'
name: Integrated Germanium Quantum Technology
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P32235
name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
grant_number: P36507
name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1
grant_number: I05060
name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
publication: arXiv
publication_status: draft
related_material:
record:
- id: '18886'
relation: research_data
status: public
- id: '19401'
relation: later_version
status: public
- id: '18129'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
researchdata_availability: yes
status: public
supplementarymaterial: unclear
title: Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium
superinductors
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: preprint
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
year: '2024'
...
---
OA_place: repository
_id: '13312'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing\r\ninterest
in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement\r\nsemiconductor
technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of\r\nnew ideas such
as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this\r\nwork, we engineer
the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium\r\nhole gas by varying
the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We\r\ndemonstrate a hard
superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux\r\ntunable superconducting
diode using a superconducting quantum interference\r\ndevice (SQUID). This allows
to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a\r\nregime where single Cooper pair
tunneling is suppressed, creating a $ \\sin\r\n\\left( 2 \\varphi \\right)$ CPR.
Shapiro experiments complement this\r\ninterpretation and the microwave drive
allows to create a diode with $ \\approx\r\n100 \\%$ efficiency. The reported
results open up the path towards monolithic\r\nintegration of spin qubit devices,
microwave resonators and (protected)\r\nsuperconducting qubits on a silicon technology
compatible platform."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "The authors acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa,
Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano\r\nScappucci and Christian Schonenberger
for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the\r\nTEM
analysis. This research and related results were made\r\npossible with the support
of the NOMIS Foundation. It was\r\nsupported by the Scientific Service Units of
ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the\r\nnanofabrication
facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020\r\nresearch and innovation programme
under Grant Agreement\r\nNo 862046, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the\r\nFWF
Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. R.S.S.\r\nacknowledges Spanish CM “Talento
Program” Project No.\r\n2022-T1/IND-24070."
article_number: '2306.07109'
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Valentini, Marco
id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Oliver
full_name: Sagi, Oliver
id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Levon
full_name: Baghumyan, Levon
last_name: Baghumyan
- first_name: Thijs de
full_name: Gijsel, Thijs de
last_name: Gijsel
- first_name: Jason
full_name: Jung, Jason
id: 4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jung
- first_name: Stefano
full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Andrea
full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Juan Aguilera
full_name: Servin, Juan Aguilera
last_name: Servin
- first_name: Kushagra
full_name: Aggarwal, Kushagra
id: b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb
last_name: Aggarwal
orcid: 0000-0001-9985-9293
- first_name: Marian
full_name: Janik, Marian
id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Janik
orcid: 0009-0003-9037-8831
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Adletzberger, Thomas
id: 38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Adletzberger
- first_name: Rubén Seoane
full_name: Souto, Rubén Seoane
last_name: Souto
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Leijnse, Martin
last_name: Leijnse
- first_name: Jeroen
full_name: Danon, Jeroen
last_name: Danon
- first_name: Constantin
full_name: Schrade, Constantin
last_name: Schrade
- first_name: Erik
full_name: Bakkers, Erik
last_name: Bakkers
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
full_name: Isella, Giovanni
last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
ama: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Radio frequency driven superconducting
diode and parity conserving Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium
hole gas. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109
apa: Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., Gijsel, T. de, Jung, J., Calcaterra,
S., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity
conserving Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. arXiv.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109
chicago: Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason
Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting
Diode and Parity Conserving Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium
Hole Gas.” ArXiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109.
ieee: M. Valentini et al., “Radio frequency driven superconducting diode
and parity conserving Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole
gas,” arXiv. .
ista: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, Gijsel T de, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio
A, Servin JA, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Souto RS, Leijnse M, Danon
J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. Radio frequency driven
superconducting diode and parity conserving Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional
germanium hole gas. arXiv, 2306.07109.
mla: Valentini, Marco, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and
Parity Conserving Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.”
ArXiv, 2306.07109, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109.
short: M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra,
A. Ballabio, J.A. Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.S. Souto,
M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros,
ArXiv (n.d.).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-07-26T11:17:20Z
date_published: 2023-06-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-10-02T10:23:31Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: M-Shop
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2306.07109'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109
keyword:
- Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '862046'
name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P32235
name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
grant_number: P36507
name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: 34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e
grant_number: F8606
name: 'Center for Correlated Quantum Materials and Solid State Quantum Systems:
Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors'
- _id: eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2
name: Protected states of quantum matter
publication: arXiv
publication_status: draft
related_material:
record:
- id: '13286'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '14793'
relation: later_version
status: public
status: public
title: Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving Cooper
pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2023'
...