---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '21762'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Bacteria, like eukaryotes, use conserved cytoskeletal systems for intracellular
    organization. The plasmid-encoded ParMRC system forms actin-like filaments that
    segregate low–copy number plasmids. In multicellular cyanobacteria such as Anabaena
    sp., we found that a chromosomally encoded ParMR system has evolved into a cytoskeletal
    system named CorMR with a function in cell shape control rather than DNA segregation.
    Live-cell imaging, in vitro reconstitution, and cryo–electron microscopy revealed
    that CorM formed dynamically unstable, antiparallel double-stranded filaments
    that were recruited to the membrane by CorR through an amphipathic helix conserved
    in multicellular cyanobacteria. CorMR filaments were regulated by MinC, which
    excluded them from the poles and division plane. Comparative genomics indicated
    that the repurposing of ParMR and Min systems coevolved with cyanobacterial multicellularity,
    highlighting the evolutionary plasticity of cytoskeletal systems in bacteria.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: LifeSc
acknowledgement: "We thank all members of the Loose lab at ISTA for helpful discussions;
  M. Kojic for critical reading of the manuscript; A. Herrero (Sevilla University)
  for sharing her extensive BACTH plasmid library and other plasmids, as well as cyanobacterial
  strains; T. Dagan and F. Nies (both Kiel University) for sharing cyanobacterial
  strains and plasmids and for valuable discussions; N. Sapay and A. Michon for providing
  the Amphipaseek code, which enabled us to perform our large-scale amphipathic helix
  screen of cyanobacterial CorR proteins; V.-V. Hodirnau for support in cryo-ET data
  collection; and J. Hansen for advice about cryo-EM data processing.\r\nThis work
  was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of ISTA through resources provided
  by the Imaging & Optics Facility (IOF), the Scientific Computing (SciComp), the
  Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF), and the Lab Support Facility (LSF). This work
  was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
  (Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant 101034413 to B.L.S.); the European Research Council
  (ERC) of the European Union (grant ActinID 101076260 to F.K.M.S.); the Swiss National
  Science Foundation (starting grant TMSGI3_226208 to G.L.W.); and the Jean-Jacques
  et Letitia Lopez-Loreta Foundation (G.L.W.)."
article_number: eaea6343
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Benjamin L
  full_name: Springstein, Benjamin L
  id: b4eb62ef-ac72-11ed-9503-ed3b4d66c083
  last_name: Springstein
  orcid: 0000-0002-3461-5391
- first_name: Manjunath
  full_name: Javoor, Manjunath
  id: 305ab18b-dc7d-11ea-9b2f-b58195228ea2
  last_name: Javoor
  orcid: 0000-0003-2311-2112
- first_name: Daniela
  full_name: Megrian, Daniela
  last_name: Megrian
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Hajdu, Roman
  id: ffab949d-133f-11ed-8f02-94de21ace503
  last_name: Hajdu
- first_name: Dustin M.
  full_name: Hanke, Dustin M.
  last_name: Hanke
- first_name: Bettina
  full_name: Zens, Bettina
  id: 45FD126C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Zens
  orcid: 0000-0002-9561-1239
- first_name: Gregor L.
  full_name: Weiss, Gregor L.
  last_name: Weiss
- first_name: Florian Km
  full_name: Schur, Florian Km
  id: 48AD8942-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Schur
  orcid: 0000-0003-4790-8078
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Loose, Martin
  id: 462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Loose
  orcid: 0000-0001-7309-9724
citation:
  ama: Springstein BL, Javoor M, Megrian D, et al. Repurposing of a DNA segregation
    machinery into a cytoskeletal system controlling cell shape. <i>Science</i>. 2026;392(6795).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aea6343">10.1126/science.aea6343</a>
  apa: Springstein, B. L., Javoor, M., Megrian, D., Hajdu, R., Hanke, D. M., Zens,
    B., … Loose, M. (2026). Repurposing of a DNA segregation machinery into a cytoskeletal
    system controlling cell shape. <i>Science</i>. AAAS. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aea6343">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aea6343</a>
  chicago: Springstein, Benjamin L, Manjunath Javoor, Daniela Megrian, Roman Hajdu,
    Dustin M. Hanke, Bettina Zens, Gregor L. Weiss, Florian KM Schur, and Martin Loose.
    “Repurposing of a DNA Segregation Machinery into a Cytoskeletal System Controlling
    Cell Shape.” <i>Science</i>. AAAS, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aea6343">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aea6343</a>.
  ieee: B. L. Springstein <i>et al.</i>, “Repurposing of a DNA segregation machinery
    into a cytoskeletal system controlling cell shape,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 392,
    no. 6795. AAAS, 2026.
  ista: Springstein BL, Javoor M, Megrian D, Hajdu R, Hanke DM, Zens B, Weiss GL,
    Schur FK, Loose M. 2026. Repurposing of a DNA segregation machinery into a cytoskeletal
    system controlling cell shape. Science. 392(6795), eaea6343.
  mla: Springstein, Benjamin L., et al. “Repurposing of a DNA Segregation Machinery
    into a Cytoskeletal System Controlling Cell Shape.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 392,
    no. 6795, eaea6343, AAAS, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aea6343">10.1126/science.aea6343</a>.
  short: B.L. Springstein, M. Javoor, D. Megrian, R. Hajdu, D.M. Hanke, B. Zens, G.L.
    Weiss, F.K. Schur, M. Loose, Science 392 (2026).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-04-26T22:01:46Z
date_published: 2026-04-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-28T13:29:05Z
day: '16'
department:
- _id: MaLo
- _id: FlSc
- _id: GradSch
- _id: EM-Fac
doi: 10.1126/science.aea6343
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '41990175'
intvolume: '       392'
issue: '6795'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101034413'
  name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
- _id: bd980d18-d553-11ed-ba76-ceaa645c97eb
  grant_number: '101076260'
  name: A molecular atlas of Actin filament IDentities in the cell motility machinery
publication: Science
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1095-9203
  issn:
  - 0036-8075
publication_status: published
publisher: AAAS
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Repurposing of a DNA segregation machinery into a cytoskeletal system controlling
  cell shape
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 392
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '19915'
acknowledgement: "We thank all members of the Martin Loose lab at ISTA for helpful
  discussions and Marko Kojic for critical reading of the manuscript. This research
  was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of ISTA through resources provided
  by the Imaging & Optics Facility (IOF), the Scientific Computing (SciComp) and the
  Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF), as well as the Lab Support Facility (LSF). This
  project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
  innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No.101034413
  awarded to BLS as well as an ERC grant (ActinID, 101076260) from the European Union
  awarded to FKMS. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s)
  only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European
  Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held
  responsible for them.\r\n\r\nWe are grateful for Antonia Herrero (Sevilla University)
  for sharing her extensive BACTH plasmid library and other plasmids as well as cyanobacterial
  strains. Likewise, we would like to thank Tal Dagan and Fabian Nies (both Kiel University)
  for sharing cyanobacterial strains and plasmids and for valuable discussions.\r\n\r\nWe
  would further like to express our gratitude to Nicolas Sapay and Alexis Michon for
  providing the Amphipaseek code, which enabled us to perform our large-scale amphipathic
  helix screen of cyanobacterial CorR proteins. Finally, we also want to thank Jesse
  Hansen for advice in cryo-EM data processing"
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Benjamin L
  full_name: Springstein, Benjamin L
  id: b4eb62ef-ac72-11ed-9503-ed3b4d66c083
  last_name: Springstein
  orcid: 0000-0002-3461-5391
citation:
  ama: Springstein BL. Files for “Evolutionary repurposing of a DNA segregation machinery
    into a cytoskeletal system controlling cyanobacterial cell shape.” 2025. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19915">10.15479/AT:ISTA:19915</a>
  apa: Springstein, B. L. (2025). Files for “Evolutionary repurposing of a DNA segregation
    machinery into a cytoskeletal system controlling cyanobacterial cell shape.” Institute
    of Science and Technology Austria. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19915">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19915</a>
  chicago: Springstein, Benjamin L. “Files for ‘Evolutionary Repurposing of a DNA
    Segregation Machinery into a Cytoskeletal System Controlling Cyanobacterial Cell
    Shape.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19915">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19915</a>.
  ieee: B. L. Springstein, “Files for ‘Evolutionary repurposing of a DNA segregation
    machinery into a cytoskeletal system controlling cyanobacterial cell shape.’”
    Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.
  ista: Springstein BL. 2025. Files for ‘Evolutionary repurposing of a DNA segregation
    machinery into a cytoskeletal system controlling cyanobacterial cell shape’, Institute
    of Science and Technology Austria, <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19915">10.15479/AT:ISTA:19915</a>.
  mla: Springstein, Benjamin L. <i>Files for “Evolutionary Repurposing of a DNA Segregation
    Machinery into a Cytoskeletal System Controlling Cyanobacterial Cell Shape.”</i>
    Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:19915">10.15479/AT:ISTA:19915</a>.
  short: B.L. Springstein, (2025).
contributor:
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  first_name: Benjamin L
  id: b4eb62ef-ac72-11ed-9503-ed3b4d66c083
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- contributor_type: researcher
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  last_name: Javoor
- contributor_type: researcher
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- contributor_type: researcher
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  last_name: Hajdu
- contributor_type: researcher
  first_name: Dustin M
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- contributor_type: researcher
  first_name: Florian KM
  id: 48AD8942-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Schur
  orcid: 0000-0003-4790-8078
- contributor_type: supervisor
  first_name: Martin
  id: 462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Loose
  orcid: 0000-0001-7309-9724
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-06-27T07:34:52Z
date_published: 2025-06-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-07-02T08:25:37Z
day: '27'
department:
- _id: MaLo
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:19915
ec_funded: 1
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title: Files for "Evolutionary repurposing of a DNA segregation machinery into a cytoskeletal
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tmp:
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...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
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abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The Huntingtin protein (HTT), named for its role in Huntington’s disease,
    has been best understood as a scaffolding protein that promotes vesicle transport
    by molecular motors along microtubules. Here, we show that HTT also interacts
    with the actin cytoskeleton, and its loss of function disturbs the morphology
    and function of the axonal growth cone. We demonstrate that HTT organizes F-actin
    into bundles. Cryo–electron tomography (cryo-ET) and subtomogram averaging (STA)
    structural analyses reveal that HTT’s N-terminal HEAT and Bridge domains wrap
    around F-actin, while the C-terminal HEAT domain is displaced; furthermore, HTT
    dimerizes via the N-HEAT domain to bridge parallel actin filaments separated by
    ~20 nanometers. Our study provides the structural basis for understanding how
    HTT interacts with and organizes the actin cytoskeleton.
acknowledgement: 'We thank C. Cuveillier, J. Delaroche, T. Ferraro, and A. Zanchi
  for help with TIRF experiments, electron microscopy preparation, data analysis,
  and cell cultures, respectively; A. Antkowiak, C. Bosc, C. Fassier, A. Fourest-Lieuvin,
  and V. Brandt for helpful discussions. We acknowledge the contribution of the Photonic
  Imaging Center of Grenoble Institute Neuroscience which is part of the ISdV core
  facility and certified by the IBiSA label and ICM.Quant (RRID:SCR_026393) core facility
  of the Paris Brain Institute (ICM); the AniRA lentivector production facility from
  the CELPHEDIA Infrastructure and SFR Biosciences (UAR3444/CNRS, US8/Inserm, ENS
  de Lyon, UCBL); the Scientific Service Units (SSUs) of ISTA through resources provided
  by Scientific Computing (SciComp, A. Schloegl and S. Elefante); and the Electron
  Microscopy Facility (EMF, V.V. Hodirnau). The software programs used for the processing
  were supported by SBGrid (www.sbgrid.org). This work was supported by the Agence
  Nationale pour la Recherche (AXYON: ANR-18-CE16-0009-01, S.H.), Austrian Science
  Fund (FWF) grants (P33367, F.K.M.S.; E435, J.M.H.), ChanZuckerberg Initiative (CZI)
  grant (DAF2021-234754, F.K.M.S.), Hereditary Disease Foundation Research Grant (HDF
  990846, M.C.), European Union (ERC: ActinID 101076260, F.K.M.S.), Fondation pour
  la Recherche Médicale (FRM: équipe labellisée DEQ202203014675, S.H.; PhD fellowship,
  FDT202001010865, R.C.), Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) (Korea-Switzerland
  global research support grant: RS-2023-00266300, J.-J.S.), National Research Foundation
  (NRF) of Korea (Korea-Austria collaborative grant NRF-2019K1A3A1A181160, J.-J.S.
  and F.K.M.S.; NRF-2020R1A2B5B03001517 and RS-2024-00333346 and RS-2024-00436173,
  J.-J.S.; 2021R1C1C1006700, D.K.).'
article_number: eadw4124
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Rémi
  full_name: Carpentier, Rémi
  last_name: Carpentier
- first_name: Jaesung
  full_name: Kim, Jaesung
  last_name: Kim
- first_name: Mariacristina
  full_name: Capizzi, Mariacristina
  last_name: Capizzi
- first_name: Hyeongju
  full_name: Kim, Hyeongju
  last_name: Kim
- first_name: Florian
  full_name: Fäßler, Florian
  id: 404F5528-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fäßler
  orcid: 0000-0001-7149-769X
- first_name: Jesse
  full_name: Hansen, Jesse
  id: 1063c618-6f9b-11ec-9123-f912fccded63
  last_name: Hansen
  orcid: 0000-0001-7967-2085
- first_name: Min Jeong
  full_name: Kim, Min Jeong
  last_name: Kim
- first_name: Eric
  full_name: Denarier, Eric
  last_name: Denarier
- first_name: Béatrice
  full_name: Blot, Béatrice
  last_name: Blot
- first_name: Marine
  full_name: Degennaro, Marine
  last_name: Degennaro
- first_name: Sophia
  full_name: Labou, Sophia
  last_name: Labou
- first_name: Isabelle
  full_name: Arnal, Isabelle
  last_name: Arnal
- first_name: Maria J.
  full_name: Marcaida, Maria J.
  last_name: Marcaida
- first_name: Matteo Dal
  full_name: Peraro, Matteo Dal
  last_name: Peraro
- first_name: Doory
  full_name: Kim, Doory
  last_name: Kim
- first_name: Florian KM
  full_name: Schur, Florian KM
  id: 48AD8942-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Schur
  orcid: 0000-0003-4790-8078
- first_name: Ji-Joon
  full_name: Song, Ji-Joon
  last_name: Song
- first_name: Sandrine
  full_name: Humbert, Sandrine
  last_name: Humbert
citation:
  ama: Carpentier R, Kim J, Capizzi M, et al. Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin
    complex reveals its role in cytoskeleton organization. <i>Science Advances</i>.
    2025;11(38). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124">10.1126/sciadv.adw4124</a>
  apa: Carpentier, R., Kim, J., Capizzi, M., Kim, H., Fäßler, F., Hansen, J., … Humbert,
    S. (2025). Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex reveals its role in cytoskeleton
    organization. <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124</a>
  chicago: Carpentier, Rémi, Jaesung Kim, Mariacristina Capizzi, Hyeongju Kim, Florian
    Fäßler, Jesse Hansen, Min Jeong Kim, et al. “Structure of the Huntingtin F-Actin
    Complex Reveals Its Role in Cytoskeleton Organization.” <i>Science Advances</i>.
    AAAS, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124</a>.
  ieee: R. Carpentier <i>et al.</i>, “Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex
    reveals its role in cytoskeleton organization,” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol.
    11, no. 38. AAAS, 2025.
  ista: Carpentier R, Kim J, Capizzi M, Kim H, Fäßler F, Hansen J, Kim MJ, Denarier
    E, Blot B, Degennaro M, Labou S, Arnal I, Marcaida MJ, Peraro MD, Kim D, Schur
    FK, Song J-J, Humbert S. 2025. Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex reveals
    its role in cytoskeleton organization. Science Advances. 11(38), eadw4124.
  mla: Carpentier, Rémi, et al. “Structure of the Huntingtin F-Actin Complex Reveals
    Its Role in Cytoskeleton Organization.” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 11, no.
    38, eadw4124, AAAS, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124">10.1126/sciadv.adw4124</a>.
  short: R. Carpentier, J. Kim, M. Capizzi, H. Kim, F. Fäßler, J. Hansen, M.J. Kim,
    E. Denarier, B. Blot, M. Degennaro, S. Labou, I. Arnal, M.J. Marcaida, M.D. Peraro,
    D. Kim, F.K. Schur, J.-J. Song, S. Humbert, Science Advances 11 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-09-22T08:00:52Z
date_published: 2025-09-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T11:45:54Z
day: '19'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: FlSc
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adw4124
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  grant_number: P33367
  name: Structure and isoform diversity of the Arp2/3 complex
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  name: A molecular atlas of Actin filament IDentities in the cell motility machinery
publication: Science Advances
publication_identifier:
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publication_status: published
publisher: AAAS
quality_controlled: '1'
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status: public
title: Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex reveals its role in cytoskeleton
  organization
tmp:
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