---
_id: '2786'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Transition to turbulence in pipe flow is one of the most fundamental and longest-
    standing problems in fluid dynamics. Stability theory suggests that the flow remains
    laminar for all flow rates, but in practice pipe flow becomes turbulent even at
    moderate speeds. This transition drastically affects the transport efficiency
    of mass, momentum, and heat. On the basis of the recent discovery of unstable
    traveling waves in computational studies of the Navier-Stokes equations and ideas
    from dynamical systems theory, a model for the transition process has been suggested.
    We report experimental observation of these traveling waves in pipe flow, confirming
    the proposed transition scenario and suggesting that the dynamics associated with
    these unstable states may indeed capture the nature of fluid turbulence.
author:
- first_name: Björn
  full_name: Björn Hof
  id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hof
  orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754
- first_name: Casimir
  full_name: van Doorne, Casimir W
  last_name: Van Doorne
- first_name: Jerry
  full_name: Westerweel, Jerry
  last_name: Westerweel
- first_name: Frans
  full_name: Nieuwstadt, Frans T
  last_name: Nieuwstadt
- first_name: Holger
  full_name: Faisst, Holger
  last_name: Faisst
- first_name: Bruno
  full_name: Eckhardt, Bruno
  last_name: Eckhardt
- first_name: Håkan
  full_name: Wedin, Håkan
  last_name: Wedin
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Kersweli, Richard R
  last_name: Kersweli
- first_name: Fabian
  full_name: Waleffe, Fabian
  last_name: Waleffe
citation:
  ama: Hof B, Van Doorne C, Westerweel J, et al. Experimental observation of nonlinear
    traveling waves in turbulent pipe flow. <i>Science</i>. 2004;305(5690):1594-1598.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100393">10.1126/science.1100393</a>
  apa: Hof, B., Van Doorne, C., Westerweel, J., Nieuwstadt, F., Faisst, H., Eckhardt,
    B., … Waleffe, F. (2004). Experimental observation of nonlinear traveling waves
    in turbulent pipe flow. <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement
    of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100393">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100393</a>
  chicago: Hof, Björn, Casimir Van Doorne, Jerry Westerweel, Frans Nieuwstadt, Holger
    Faisst, Bruno Eckhardt, Håkan Wedin, Richard Kersweli, and Fabian Waleffe. “Experimental
    Observation of Nonlinear Traveling Waves in Turbulent Pipe Flow.” <i>Science</i>.
    American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100393">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100393</a>.
  ieee: B. Hof <i>et al.</i>, “Experimental observation of nonlinear traveling waves
    in turbulent pipe flow,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 305, no. 5690. American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, pp. 1594–1598, 2004.
  ista: Hof B, Van Doorne C, Westerweel J, Nieuwstadt F, Faisst H, Eckhardt B, Wedin
    H, Kersweli R, Waleffe F. 2004. Experimental observation of nonlinear traveling
    waves in turbulent pipe flow. Science. 305(5690), 1594–1598.
  mla: Hof, Björn, et al. “Experimental Observation of Nonlinear Traveling Waves in
    Turbulent Pipe Flow.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 305, no. 5690, American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, 2004, pp. 1594–98, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100393">10.1126/science.1100393</a>.
  short: B. Hof, C. Van Doorne, J. Westerweel, F. Nieuwstadt, H. Faisst, B. Eckhardt,
    H. Wedin, R. Kersweli, F. Waleffe, Science 305 (2004) 1594–1598.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:35Z
date_published: 2004-09-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:59:42Z
day: '10'
doi: 10.1126/science.1100393
extern: 1
intvolume: '       305'
issue: '5690'
month: '09'
page: 1594 - 1598
publication: Science
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
publist_id: '4103'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Experimental observation of nonlinear traveling waves in turbulent pipe flow
type: journal_article
volume: 305
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2787'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The results of experimental and numerical investigations of the onset of oscillatory
    convection in a sidewall heated rectangular cavity of molten gallium are reported.
    Detailed comparisons are made between experimental observations and calculations
    from numerical simulations of a three-dimensional Boussinesq model. The onset
    of time-dependence takes place through supercritical Hopf bifurcations and the
    loci of critical points in the (Gr, Pr)-plane are qualitatively similar with excellent
    agreement between the frequencies of the oscillatory motion. This provides a severe
    test of the control of the experiment since the mode of oscillation is extremely
    sensitive to imperfections. Detailed numerical investigations reveal that there
    are a pair of Hopf bifurcations which exist on two asymmetric states which themselves
    arise at a subcritical pitchfork from the symmetric state. There is no evidence
    for this in the experiment and this qualitative difference is attributed to non-Boussinesq
    perturbations which increase with Gr. However, the antisymmetric spatial structure
    of the oscillatory state is robust and is present in both the experiment and the
    numerical model. Moreover, the detailed analysis of the numerical results reveals
    the origins of the oscillatory instability.
author:
- first_name: Björn
  full_name: Björn Hof
  id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hof
  orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754
- first_name: Anne
  full_name: Juel, Anne
  last_name: Juel
- first_name: Li
  full_name: Zhao, Li
  last_name: Zhao
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: 'Henry, Daniel '
  last_name: Henry
- first_name: Hamda
  full_name: Ben Hadid, Hamda
  last_name: Ben Hadid
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Mullin, Tom P
  last_name: Mullin
citation:
  ama: Hof B, Juel A, Zhao L, Henry D, Ben Hadid H, Mullin T. On the onset of oscillatory
    convection in molten gallium. <i>Journal of Fluid Mechanics</i>. 2004;515:391-413.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112004000527">10.1017/S0022112004000527</a>
  apa: Hof, B., Juel, A., Zhao, L., Henry, D., Ben Hadid, H., &#38; Mullin, T. (2004).
    On the onset of oscillatory convection in molten gallium. <i>Journal of Fluid
    Mechanics</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112004000527">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112004000527</a>
  chicago: Hof, Björn, Anne Juel, Li Zhao, Daniel Henry, Hamda Ben Hadid, and Tom
    Mullin. “On the Onset of Oscillatory Convection in Molten Gallium.” <i>Journal
    of Fluid Mechanics</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112004000527">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112004000527</a>.
  ieee: B. Hof, A. Juel, L. Zhao, D. Henry, H. Ben Hadid, and T. Mullin, “On the onset
    of oscillatory convection in molten gallium,” <i>Journal of Fluid Mechanics</i>,
    vol. 515. Cambridge University Press, pp. 391–413, 2004.
  ista: Hof B, Juel A, Zhao L, Henry D, Ben Hadid H, Mullin T. 2004. On the onset
    of oscillatory convection in molten gallium. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 515,
    391–413.
  mla: Hof, Björn, et al. “On the Onset of Oscillatory Convection in Molten Gallium.”
    <i>Journal of Fluid Mechanics</i>, vol. 515, Cambridge University Press, 2004,
    pp. 391–413, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112004000527">10.1017/S0022112004000527</a>.
  short: B. Hof, A. Juel, L. Zhao, D. Henry, H. Ben Hadid, T. Mullin, Journal of Fluid
    Mechanics 515 (2004) 391–413.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:36Z
date_published: 2004-09-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:59:43Z
day: '25'
doi: 10.1017/S0022112004000527
extern: 1
intvolume: '       515'
month: '09'
page: 391 - 413
publication: Journal of Fluid Mechanics
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
publist_id: '4102'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: On the onset of oscillatory convection in molten gallium
type: journal_article
volume: 515
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2997'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Polar transport-dependent local accumulation of auxin provides positional
    cues for multiple plant patterning processes. This directional auxin flow depends
    on the polar subcellular localization of the PIN auxin efflux regulators. Overexpression
    of the PINOID protein kinase induces a basal-to-apical shift in PIN localization,
    resulting in the loss of auxin gradients and strong defects in embryo and seedling
    roots. Conversely, pid loss of function induces an apical-to-basal shift in PIN1
    polar targeting at the inflorescence apex, accompanied by defective organogenesis.
    Our results show that a PINOID-dependent binary switch controls PIN polarity and
    mediates changes in auxin flow to create local gradients for patterning processes.
author:
- first_name: Jirí
  full_name: Jirí Friml
  id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Friml
  orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
- first_name: Xiong
  full_name: Yang, Xiong
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: Marta
  full_name: Michniewicz, Marta
  last_name: Michniewicz
- first_name: Dolf
  full_name: Weijers, Dolf
  last_name: Weijers
- first_name: Ab
  full_name: Quint, Ab
  last_name: Quint
- first_name: Olaf
  full_name: Tietz, Olaf
  last_name: Tietz
- first_name: René
  full_name: Benjamins, René
  last_name: Benjamins
- first_name: Pieter
  full_name: Ouwerkerk, Pieter B
  last_name: Ouwerkerk
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Ljung, Karin
  last_name: Ljung
- first_name: Göran
  full_name: Sandberg, Göran
  last_name: Sandberg
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Hooykaas, Paul J
  last_name: Hooykaas
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Palme, Klaus
  last_name: Palme
- first_name: Remko
  full_name: Offringa, Remko
  last_name: Offringa
citation:
  ama: Friml J, Yang X, Michniewicz M, et al. A PINOID-dependent binary switch in
    apical-basal PIN polar targeting directs auxin efflux. <i>Science</i>. 2004;306(5697):862-865.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100618">10.1126/science.1100618</a>
  apa: Friml, J., Yang, X., Michniewicz, M., Weijers, D., Quint, A., Tietz, O., …
    Offringa, R. (2004). A PINOID-dependent binary switch in apical-basal PIN polar
    targeting directs auxin efflux. <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement
    of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100618">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100618</a>
  chicago: Friml, Jiří, Xiong Yang, Marta Michniewicz, Dolf Weijers, Ab Quint, Olaf
    Tietz, René Benjamins, et al. “A PINOID-Dependent Binary Switch in Apical-Basal
    PIN Polar Targeting Directs Auxin Efflux.” <i>Science</i>. American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100618">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100618</a>.
  ieee: J. Friml <i>et al.</i>, “A PINOID-dependent binary switch in apical-basal
    PIN polar targeting directs auxin efflux,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 306, no. 5697.
    American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 862–865, 2004.
  ista: Friml J, Yang X, Michniewicz M, Weijers D, Quint A, Tietz O, Benjamins R,
    Ouwerkerk P, Ljung K, Sandberg G, Hooykaas P, Palme K, Offringa R. 2004. A PINOID-dependent
    binary switch in apical-basal PIN polar targeting directs auxin efflux. Science.
    306(5697), 862–865.
  mla: Friml, Jiří, et al. “A PINOID-Dependent Binary Switch in Apical-Basal PIN Polar
    Targeting Directs Auxin Efflux.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 306, no. 5697, American
    Association for the Advancement of Science, 2004, pp. 862–65, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100618">10.1126/science.1100618</a>.
  short: J. Friml, X. Yang, M. Michniewicz, D. Weijers, A. Quint, O. Tietz, R. Benjamins,
    P. Ouwerkerk, K. Ljung, G. Sandberg, P. Hooykaas, K. Palme, R. Offringa, Science
    306 (2004) 862–865.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:46Z
date_published: 2004-10-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:40:20Z
day: '29'
doi: 10.1126/science.1100618
extern: 1
intvolume: '       306'
issue: '5697'
month: '10'
page: 862 - 865
publication: Science
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
publist_id: '3705'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: A PINOID-dependent binary switch in apical-basal PIN polar targeting directs
  auxin efflux
type: journal_article
volume: 306
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2998'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The packaging of the genomic DNA into chromatin in the cell nucleus requires
    machineries that facilitate DNA-dependent processes such as transcription in the
    presence of repressive chromatin structures. Using co-immunoprecipitation we have
    identified in Arabidopsis thaliana cells the FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription
    (FACT) complex, consisting of the 120-kDa Spt16 and the 71-kDa SSRP1 proteins.
    Indirect immunofluorecence analyses revealed that both FACT subunits co-localize
    to nuclei of the majority of cell types in embryos, shoots and roots, whereas
    FACT is not present in terminally differentiated cells such as mature trichoblasts
    or cells of the root cap. In the nucleus, Spt16 and SSRP1 are found in the cytologically
    defined euchromatin of interphase cells independent of the status of DNA replication,
    but the proteins are not associated with heterochromatic chromocentres and condensed
    mitotic chromosomes. FACT can be detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation over
    the entire transcribed region (5′-UTR, coding sequence, 3′-UTR) of actively transcribed
    genes, whereas it does not occur at transcriptionally inactive heterochromatic
    regions and intergenic regions. FACT localizes to inducible genes only after induction
    of transcription, and the association of the complex with the genes correlates
    with the level of transcription. Collectively, these results indicate that FACT
    assists transcription elongation through plant chromatin.
author:
- first_name: Meg
  full_name: Duroux, Meg
  last_name: Duroux
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Houben, Andreas
  last_name: Houben
- first_name: Kamil
  full_name: Růžička, Kamil
  last_name: Růžička
- first_name: Jirí
  full_name: Jirí Friml
  id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Friml
  orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Grasser, Klaus D
  last_name: Grasser
citation:
  ama: Duroux M, Houben A, Růžička K, Friml J, Grasser K. The chromatin remodelling
    complex FACT associates with actively transcribed regions of the Arabidopsis genome.
    <i>Plant Journal</i>. 2004;40(5):660-671. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02242.x">10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02242.x</a>
  apa: Duroux, M., Houben, A., Růžička, K., Friml, J., &#38; Grasser, K. (2004). The
    chromatin remodelling complex FACT associates with actively transcribed regions
    of the Arabidopsis genome. <i>Plant Journal</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02242.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02242.x</a>
  chicago: Duroux, Meg, Andreas Houben, Kamil Růžička, Jiří Friml, and Klaus Grasser.
    “The Chromatin Remodelling Complex FACT Associates with Actively Transcribed Regions
    of the Arabidopsis Genome.” <i>Plant Journal</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02242.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02242.x</a>.
  ieee: M. Duroux, A. Houben, K. Růžička, J. Friml, and K. Grasser, “The chromatin
    remodelling complex FACT associates with actively transcribed regions of the Arabidopsis
    genome,” <i>Plant Journal</i>, vol. 40, no. 5. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 660–671, 2004.
  ista: Duroux M, Houben A, Růžička K, Friml J, Grasser K. 2004. The chromatin remodelling
    complex FACT associates with actively transcribed regions of the Arabidopsis genome.
    Plant Journal. 40(5), 660–671.
  mla: Duroux, Meg, et al. “The Chromatin Remodelling Complex FACT Associates with
    Actively Transcribed Regions of the Arabidopsis Genome.” <i>Plant Journal</i>,
    vol. 40, no. 5, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, pp. 660–71, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02242.x">10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02242.x</a>.
  short: M. Duroux, A. Houben, K. Růžička, J. Friml, K. Grasser, Plant Journal 40
    (2004) 660–671.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:47Z
date_published: 2004-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:40:20Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02242.x
extern: 1
intvolume: '        40'
issue: '5'
month: '12'
page: 660 - 671
publication: Plant Journal
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '3703'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: The chromatin remodelling complex FACT associates with actively transcribed
  regions of the Arabidopsis genome
type: journal_article
volume: 40
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2999'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Embryogenesis of flowering plants establishes a basic body plan with apical-basal,
    radial and bilateral patterns from the single-celled zygote. Arabidopsis embryogenesis
    exhibits a nearly invariant cell division pattern and therefore is an ideal system
    for studies of early plant development. However, plant embryos are difficult to
    access for experimental manipulation, as they develop deeply inside maternal tissues.
    Here we present a method for the culture of zygotic Arabidopsis embryos in vitro.
    The technique omits excision of the embryo by culturing the entire ovule, thus
    greatly facilitating the time and effort involved. It enables external manipulation
    of embryo development and culture from the earliest developmental stages up to
    maturity. Administration of various chemical treatments as well as the use of
    different molecular markers is demonstrated together with standard techniques
    for visualizing gene expression and protein localization in in vitro cultivated
    embryos. The presented set of techniques allows for so far unavailable molecular
    physiology approaches in the study of early plant development.
author:
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Sauer, Michael
  last_name: Sauer
- first_name: Jirí
  full_name: Jirí Friml
  id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Friml
  orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
citation:
  ama: Sauer M, Friml J. In vitro culture of Arabidopsis embryos within their ovules.
    <i>Plant Journal</i>. 2004;40(5):835-843. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02248.x">10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02248.x</a>
  apa: Sauer, M., &#38; Friml, J. (2004). In vitro culture of Arabidopsis embryos
    within their ovules. <i>Plant Journal</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02248.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02248.x</a>
  chicago: Sauer, Michael, and Jiří Friml. “In Vitro Culture of Arabidopsis Embryos
    within Their Ovules.” <i>Plant Journal</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02248.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02248.x</a>.
  ieee: M. Sauer and J. Friml, “In vitro culture of Arabidopsis embryos within their
    ovules,” <i>Plant Journal</i>, vol. 40, no. 5. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 835–843, 2004.
  ista: Sauer M, Friml J. 2004. In vitro culture of Arabidopsis embryos within their
    ovules. Plant Journal. 40(5), 835–843.
  mla: Sauer, Michael, and Jiří Friml. “In Vitro Culture of Arabidopsis Embryos within
    Their Ovules.” <i>Plant Journal</i>, vol. 40, no. 5, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, pp.
    835–43, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02248.x">10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02248.x</a>.
  short: M. Sauer, J. Friml, Plant Journal 40 (2004) 835–843.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:47Z
date_published: 2004-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:40:20Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02248.x
extern: 1
intvolume: '        40'
issue: '5'
month: '12'
page: 835 - 843
publication: Plant Journal
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '3704'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: In vitro culture of Arabidopsis embryos within their ovules
type: journal_article
volume: 40
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '3142'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Assembly of neuronal circuits is controlled by the sequential acquisition
    of neuronal subpopulation-specific identities at progressive developmental steps.
    Whereas neuronal features involved in initial phases of differentiation are already
    established at cell-cycle exit, recent findings, based mainly on work in the peripheral
    nervous system, suggest that the timely integration of signals encountered en
    route to targets and from the target region itself is essential to control late
    steps in connectivity. As neurons project towards their targets they require target-derived
    signals to establish mature axonal projections and acquire neuronal traits such
    as the expression of distinct combinations of neurotransmitters. Recent evidence
    presented in this review shows that this principle, of a signaling interplay between
    target-derived signals and neuronal cell bodies, is often mediated through transcriptional
    events and is evolutionarily conserved.
author:
- first_name: Simon
  full_name: Simon Hippenmeyer
  id: 37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hippenmeyer
  orcid: 0000-0003-2279-1061
- first_name: Ina
  full_name: Kramer, Ina
  last_name: Kramer
- first_name: Silvia
  full_name: Arber, Silvia
  last_name: Arber
citation:
  ama: 'Hippenmeyer S, Kramer I, Arber S. Control of neuronal phenotype: What targets
    tell the cell bodies. <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. 2004;27(8):482-488. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2004.05.012">10.1016/j.tins.2004.05.012</a>'
  apa: 'Hippenmeyer, S., Kramer, I., &#38; Arber, S. (2004). Control of neuronal phenotype:
    What targets tell the cell bodies. <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. Elsevier. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2004.05.012">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2004.05.012</a>'
  chicago: 'Hippenmeyer, Simon, Ina Kramer, and Silvia Arber. “Control of Neuronal
    Phenotype: What Targets Tell the Cell Bodies.” <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>.
    Elsevier, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2004.05.012">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2004.05.012</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Hippenmeyer, I. Kramer, and S. Arber, “Control of neuronal phenotype:
    What targets tell the cell bodies,” <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>, vol. 27, no.
    8. Elsevier, pp. 482–488, 2004.'
  ista: 'Hippenmeyer S, Kramer I, Arber S. 2004. Control of neuronal phenotype: What
    targets tell the cell bodies. Trends in Neurosciences. 27(8), 482–488.'
  mla: 'Hippenmeyer, Simon, et al. “Control of Neuronal Phenotype: What Targets Tell
    the Cell Bodies.” <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>, vol. 27, no. 8, Elsevier, 2004,
    pp. 482–88, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2004.05.012">10.1016/j.tins.2004.05.012</a>.'
  short: S. Hippenmeyer, I. Kramer, S. Arber, Trends in Neurosciences 27 (2004) 482–488.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:38Z
date_published: 2004-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2019-04-26T07:22:25Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2004.05.012
extern: 1
intvolume: '        27'
issue: '8'
month: '08'
page: 482 - 488
publication: Trends in Neurosciences
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '3555'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'Control of neuronal phenotype: What targets tell the cell bodies'
type: review
volume: 27
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '3172'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The simultaneous multiple volume (SMV) approach in navigator-gated MRI allows
    the use of the whole motion range or the entire scan time for the reconstruction
    of final images by simultaneously acquiring different image volumes at different
    motion states. The motion tolerance range for each volume is kept small, thus
    SMV substantially increases the scan efficiency of navigator methods while maintaining
    the effectiveness of motion suppression. This article reports a general implementation
    of the SMV approach using a multiprocessor scheduling algorithm. Each motion state
    is regarded as a processor and each volume is regarded as a job. An efficient
    scheduling that completes all jobs in minimal time is maintained even when the
    motion pattern changes. Initial experiments demonstrated that SMV significantly
    increased the scan efficiency of navigatorgated MRI.
author:
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Thành
  full_name: Nguyen, Thành D
  last_name: Nguyen
- first_name: Anthony
  full_name: Nuval, Anthony
  last_name: Nuval
- first_name: Pascal
  full_name: Spincemaille, Pascal
  last_name: Spincemaille
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Prince, Martin R
  last_name: Prince
- first_name: Ramin
  full_name: Zabih, Ramin
  last_name: Zabih
- first_name: Yusu
  full_name: Wang, Yusu
  last_name: Wang
citation:
  ama: Kolmogorov V, Nguyen T, Nuval A, et al. Multiprocessor scheduling implementation
    of the simultaneous multiple volume SMV navigator method. <i>Magnetic Resonance
    in Medicine</i>. 2004;52(2):362-367. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20162">10.1002/mrm.20162</a>
  apa: Kolmogorov, V., Nguyen, T., Nuval, A., Spincemaille, P., Prince, M., Zabih,
    R., &#38; Wang, Y. (2004). Multiprocessor scheduling implementation of the simultaneous
    multiple volume SMV navigator method. <i>Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</i>. Wiley-Blackwell.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20162">https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20162</a>
  chicago: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, Thành Nguyen, Anthony Nuval, Pascal Spincemaille,
    Martin Prince, Ramin Zabih, and Yusu Wang. “Multiprocessor Scheduling Implementation
    of the Simultaneous Multiple Volume SMV Navigator Method.” <i>Magnetic Resonance
    in Medicine</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20162">https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20162</a>.
  ieee: V. Kolmogorov <i>et al.</i>, “Multiprocessor scheduling implementation of
    the simultaneous multiple volume SMV navigator method,” <i>Magnetic Resonance
    in Medicine</i>, vol. 52, no. 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 362–367, 2004.
  ista: Kolmogorov V, Nguyen T, Nuval A, Spincemaille P, Prince M, Zabih R, Wang Y.
    2004. Multiprocessor scheduling implementation of the simultaneous multiple volume
    SMV navigator method. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 52(2), 362–367.
  mla: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, et al. “Multiprocessor Scheduling Implementation of the
    Simultaneous Multiple Volume SMV Navigator Method.” <i>Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</i>,
    vol. 52, no. 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, pp. 362–67, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20162">10.1002/mrm.20162</a>.
  short: V. Kolmogorov, T. Nguyen, A. Nuval, P. Spincemaille, M. Prince, R. Zabih,
    Y. Wang, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 52 (2004) 362–367.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:48Z
date_published: 2004-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:34Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1002/mrm.20162
extern: 1
intvolume: '        52'
issue: '2'
month: '08'
page: 362 - 367
publication: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '3508'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Multiprocessor scheduling implementation of the simultaneous multiple volume
  SMV navigator method
type: journal_article
volume: 52
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '3173'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In the last few years, several new algorithms based on graph cuts have been
    developed to solve energy minimization problems in computer vision. Each of these
    techniques constructs a graph such that the minimum cut on the graph also minimizes
    the energy. Yet, because these graph constructions are complex and highly specific
    to a particular energy function, graph cuts have seen limited application to date.
    In this paper, we give a characterization of the energy functions that can be
    minimized by graph cuts. Our results are restricted to functions of binary variables.
    However, our work generalizes many previous constructions and is easily applicable
    to vision problems that involve large numbers of labels, such as stereo, motion,
    image restoration, and scene reconstruction. We give a precise characterization
    of what energy functions can be minimized using graph cuts, among the energy functions
    that can be written as a sum of terms containing three or fewer binary variables.
    We also provide a general-purpose construction to minimize such an energy function.
    Finally, we give a necessary condition for any energy function of binary variables
    to be minimized by graph cuts. Researchers who are considering the use of graph
    cuts to optimize a particular energy function can use our results to determine
    if this is possible and then follow our construction to create the appropriate
    graph. A software implementation is freely available.
author:
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Ramin
  full_name: Zabih, Ramin
  last_name: Zabih
citation:
  ama: Kolmogorov V, Zabih R. What energy functions can be minimized via graph cuts?
    . <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>. 2004;26(2):147-159.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1262177">10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1262177</a>
  apa: Kolmogorov, V., &#38; Zabih, R. (2004). What energy functions can be minimized
    via graph cuts? . <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>.
    IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1262177">https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1262177</a>
  chicago: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, and Ramin Zabih. “What Energy Functions Can Be Minimized
    via Graph Cuts? .” <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>.
    IEEE, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1262177">https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1262177</a>.
  ieee: V. Kolmogorov and R. Zabih, “What energy functions can be minimized via graph
    cuts? ,” <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>,
    vol. 26, no. 2. IEEE, pp. 147–159, 2004.
  ista: Kolmogorov V, Zabih R. 2004. What energy functions can be minimized via graph
    cuts? . IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 26(2),
    147–159.
  mla: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, and Ramin Zabih. “What Energy Functions Can Be Minimized
    via Graph Cuts? .” <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>,
    vol. 26, no. 2, IEEE, 2004, pp. 147–59, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1262177">10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1262177</a>.
  short: V. Kolmogorov, R. Zabih, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
    Intelligence 26 (2004) 147–159.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:49Z
date_published: 2004-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:34Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1262177
extern: 1
intvolume: '        26'
issue: '2'
month: '02'
page: 147 - 159
publication: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '3509'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'What energy functions can be minimized via graph cuts? '
type: journal_article
volume: 26
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '3177'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Feature space clustering is a popular approach to image segmentation, in which
    a feature vector of local properties (such as intensity, texture or motion) is
    computed at each pixel. The feature space is then clustered, and each pixel is
    labeled with the cluster that contains its feature vector. A major limitation
    of this approach is that feature space clusters generally lack spatial coherence
    (i.e., they do not correspond to a compact grouping of pixels). In this paper,
    we propose a segmentation algorithm that operates simultaneously in feature space
    and in image space. We define an energy function over both a set of clusters and
    a labeling of pixels with clusters. In our framework, a pixel is labeled with
    a single cluster (rather than, for example, a distribution over clusters). Our
    energy function penalizes clusters that are a poor fit to the data in feature
    space, and also penalizes clusters whose pixels lack spatial coherence. The energy
    function can be efficiently minimized using graph cuts. Our algorithm can incorporate
    both parametric and non-parametric clustering methods. It can be applied to many
    optimization-based clustering methods, including k-means and k-medians, and can
    handle models which are very close in feature space. Preliminary results are presented
    on segmenting real and synthetic images, using both parametric and non-parametric
    clustering.
author:
- first_name: Ramin
  full_name: Zabih, Ramin
  last_name: Zabih
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
citation:
  ama: 'Zabih R, Kolmogorov V. Spatially coherent clustering using graph cuts. In:
    Vol 2. IEEE; 2004:437-444. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2004.1315196">10.1109/CVPR.2004.1315196</a>'
  apa: 'Zabih, R., &#38; Kolmogorov, V. (2004). Spatially coherent clustering using
    graph cuts (Vol. 2, pp. 437–444). Presented at the CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern
    Recognition, IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2004.1315196">https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2004.1315196</a>'
  chicago: Zabih, Ramin, and Vladimir Kolmogorov. “Spatially Coherent Clustering Using
    Graph Cuts,” 2:437–44. IEEE, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2004.1315196">https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2004.1315196</a>.
  ieee: 'R. Zabih and V. Kolmogorov, “Spatially coherent clustering using graph cuts,”
    presented at the CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004, vol. 2,
    pp. 437–444.'
  ista: 'Zabih R, Kolmogorov V. 2004. Spatially coherent clustering using graph cuts.
    CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition vol. 2, 437–444.'
  mla: Zabih, Ramin, and Vladimir Kolmogorov. <i>Spatially Coherent Clustering Using
    Graph Cuts</i>. Vol. 2, IEEE, 2004, pp. 437–44, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2004.1315196">10.1109/CVPR.2004.1315196</a>.
  short: R. Zabih, V. Kolmogorov, in:, IEEE, 2004, pp. 437–444.
conference:
  name: 'CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:50Z
date_published: 2004-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:36Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1109/CVPR.2004.1315196
extern: 1
intvolume: '         2'
month: '06'
page: 437 - 444
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '3506'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Spatially coherent clustering using graph cuts
type: conference
volume: 2
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '3178'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Minimum cut/maximum flow algorithms on graphs have emerged as an increasingly
    useful tool for exactor approximate energy minimization in low-level vision. The
    combinatorial optimization literature provides many min-cut/max-flow algorithms
    with different polynomial time complexity. Their practical efficiency, however,
    has to date been studied mainly outside the scope of computer vision. The goal
    of this paper is to provide an experimental comparison of the efficiency of min-cut/max
    flow algorithms for applications in vision. We compare the running times of several
    standard algorithms, as well as a new algorithm that we have recently developed.
    The algorithms we study include both Goldberg-Tarjan style &quot;push -relabel&quot;
    methods and algorithms based on Ford-Fulkerson style &quot;augmenting paths.&quot;
    We benchmark these algorithms on a number of typical graphs in the contexts of
    image restoration, stereo, and segmentation. In many cases, our new algorithm
    works several times faster than any of the other methods, making near real-time
    performance possible. An implementation of our max-flow/min-cut algorithm is available
    upon request for research purposes.
author:
- first_name: Yuri
  full_name: Boykov, Yuri
  last_name: Boykov
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
citation:
  ama: Boykov Y, Kolmogorov V. An experimental comparison of min-cut/max-flow algorithms
    for energy minimization in vision. <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and
    Machine Intelligence</i>. 2004;26(9):1124-1137. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2004.60">10.1109/TPAMI.2004.60</a>
  apa: Boykov, Y., &#38; Kolmogorov, V. (2004). An experimental comparison of min-cut/max-flow
    algorithms for energy minimization in vision. <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern
    Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>. IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2004.60">https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2004.60</a>
  chicago: Boykov, Yuri, and Vladimir Kolmogorov. “An Experimental Comparison of Min-Cut/Max-Flow
    Algorithms for Energy Minimization in Vision.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern
    Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>. IEEE, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2004.60">https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2004.60</a>.
  ieee: Y. Boykov and V. Kolmogorov, “An experimental comparison of min-cut/max-flow
    algorithms for energy minimization in vision,” <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern
    Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>, vol. 26, no. 9. IEEE, pp. 1124–1137, 2004.
  ista: Boykov Y, Kolmogorov V. 2004. An experimental comparison of min-cut/max-flow
    algorithms for energy minimization in vision. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis
    and Machine Intelligence. 26(9), 1124–1137.
  mla: Boykov, Yuri, and Vladimir Kolmogorov. “An Experimental Comparison of Min-Cut/Max-Flow
    Algorithms for Energy Minimization in Vision.” <i>IEEE Transactions on Pattern
    Analysis and Machine Intelligence</i>, vol. 26, no. 9, IEEE, 2004, pp. 1124–37,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2004.60">10.1109/TPAMI.2004.60</a>.
  short: Y. Boykov, V. Kolmogorov, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
    Intelligence 26 (2004) 1124–1137.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:51Z
date_published: 2004-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:36Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2004.60
extern: 1
intvolume: '        26'
issue: '9'
month: '09'
page: 1124 - 1137
publication: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '3507'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: An experimental comparison of min-cut/max-flow algorithms for energy minimization
  in vision
type: journal_article
volume: 26
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '3179'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The problem of efficient, interactive foreground/background segmentation in
    still images is of great practical importance in image editing. Classical image
    segmentation tools use either texture (colour) information, e.g. Magic Wand, or
    edge (contrast) information, e.g. Intelligent Scissors. Recently, an approach
    based on optimization by graph-cut has been developed which successfully combines
    both types of information. In this paper we extend the graph-cut approach in three
    respects. First, we have developed a more powerful, iterative version of the optimisation.
    Secondly, the power of the iterative algorithm is used to simplify substantially
    the user interaction needed for a given quality of result. Thirdly, a robust algorithm
    for &quot;border matting&quot; has been developed to estimate simultaneously the
    alpha-matte around an object boundary and the colours of foreground pixels. We
    show that for moderately difficult examples the proposed method outperforms competitive
    tools.
author:
- first_name: Carsten
  full_name: Rother, Carsten
  last_name: Rother
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Andrew
  full_name: Blake, Andrew
  last_name: Blake
citation:
  ama: 'Rother C, Kolmogorov V, Blake A. &#38;quot;GrabCut&#38;quot; - Interactive
    foreground extraction using iterated graph cuts . In: Vol 23. ACM; 2004:309-314.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/1015706.1015720">10.1145/1015706.1015720</a>'
  apa: 'Rother, C., Kolmogorov, V., &#38; Blake, A. (2004). &#38;quot;GrabCut&#38;quot;
    - Interactive foreground extraction using iterated graph cuts  (Vol. 23, pp. 309–314).
    Presented at the SIGGRAPH: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive
    Techniques, ACM. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/1015706.1015720">https://doi.org/10.1145/1015706.1015720</a>'
  chicago: Rother, Carsten, Vladimir Kolmogorov, and Andrew Blake. “&#38;quot;GrabCut&#38;quot;
    - Interactive Foreground Extraction Using Iterated Graph Cuts ,” 23:309–14. ACM,
    2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/1015706.1015720">https://doi.org/10.1145/1015706.1015720</a>.
  ieee: 'C. Rother, V. Kolmogorov, and A. Blake, “&#38;quot;GrabCut&#38;quot; - Interactive
    foreground extraction using iterated graph cuts ,” presented at the SIGGRAPH:
    Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, 2004,
    vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 309–314.'
  ista: 'Rother C, Kolmogorov V, Blake A. 2004. &#38;quot;GrabCut&#38;quot; - Interactive
    foreground extraction using iterated graph cuts . SIGGRAPH: Special Interest Group
    on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques vol. 23, 309–314.'
  mla: Rother, Carsten, et al. <i>&#38;quot;GrabCut&#38;quot; - Interactive Foreground
    Extraction Using Iterated Graph Cuts </i>. Vol. 23, no. 3, ACM, 2004, pp. 309–14,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/1015706.1015720">10.1145/1015706.1015720</a>.
  short: C. Rother, V. Kolmogorov, A. Blake, in:, ACM, 2004, pp. 309–314.
conference:
  name: 'SIGGRAPH: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:51Z
date_published: 2004-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:36Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1145/1015706.1015720
extern: 1
intvolume: '        23'
issue: '3'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '0'
  url: http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/67890/siggraph04-grabcut.pdf
month: '08'
page: 309 - 314
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
publist_id: '3505'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: '&quot;GrabCut&quot; - Interactive foreground extraction using iterated graph
  cuts '
type: conference
volume: 23
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '3208'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: |-
    A new technique for proving the adaptive indistinguishability of two systems, each composed of some component systems, is presented, using only the fact that corresponding component systems are non-adaptively indistinguishable. The main tool is the definition of a special monotone condition for a random system F, relative to another random system G, whose probability of occurring for a given distinguisher D is closely related to the distinguishing advantage ε of D for F and G, namely it is lower and upper bounded by ε and (1+ln1), respectively.
    A concrete instantiation of this result shows that the cascade of two random permutations (with the second one inverted) is indistinguishable from a uniform random permutation by adaptive distinguishers which may query the system from both sides, assuming the components’ security only against non-adaptive one-sided distinguishers.
    As applications we provide some results in various fields as almost k-wise independent probability spaces, decorrelation theory and computational indistinguishability (i.e., pseudo-randomness).
alternative_title:
- LNCS
author:
- first_name: Ueli
  full_name: Maurer, Ueli M
  last_name: Maurer
- first_name: Krzysztof Z
  full_name: Krzysztof Pietrzak
  id: 3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Pietrzak
  orcid: 0000-0002-9139-1654
citation:
  ama: 'Maurer U, Pietrzak KZ. Composition of random systems: When two weak make one
    strong. In: Vol 2951. Springer; 2004:410-427. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24638-1_23">10.1007/978-3-540-24638-1_23</a>'
  apa: 'Maurer, U., &#38; Pietrzak, K. Z. (2004). Composition of random systems: When
    two weak make one strong (Vol. 2951, pp. 410–427). Presented at the TCC: Theory
    of Cryptography Conference, Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24638-1_23">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24638-1_23</a>'
  chicago: 'Maurer, Ueli, and Krzysztof Z Pietrzak. “Composition of Random Systems:
    When Two Weak Make One Strong,” 2951:410–27. Springer, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24638-1_23">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24638-1_23</a>.'
  ieee: 'U. Maurer and K. Z. Pietrzak, “Composition of random systems: When two weak
    make one strong,” presented at the TCC: Theory of Cryptography Conference, 2004,
    vol. 2951, pp. 410–427.'
  ista: 'Maurer U, Pietrzak KZ. 2004. Composition of random systems: When two weak
    make one strong. TCC: Theory of Cryptography Conference, LNCS, vol. 2951, 410–427.'
  mla: 'Maurer, Ueli, and Krzysztof Z. Pietrzak. <i>Composition of Random Systems:
    When Two Weak Make One Strong</i>. Vol. 2951, Springer, 2004, pp. 410–27, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24638-1_23">10.1007/978-3-540-24638-1_23</a>.'
  short: U. Maurer, K.Z. Pietrzak, in:, Springer, 2004, pp. 410–427.
conference:
  name: 'TCC: Theory of Cryptography Conference'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:02:01Z
date_published: 2004-03-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:48Z
day: '19'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24638-1_23
extern: 1
intvolume: '      2951'
month: '03'
page: 410 - 427
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3471'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'Composition of random systems: When two weak make one strong'
type: conference
volume: 2951
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '3419'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The folding and stability of transmembrane proteins is a fundamental and unsolved
    biological problem. Here, single bacteriorhodopsin molecules were mechanically
    unfolded from native purple membranes using atomic force microscopy and force
    spectroscopy. The energy landscape of individual transmembrane α helices and polypeptide
    loops was mapped by monitoring the pulling speed dependence of the unfolding forces
    and applying Monte Carlo simulations. Single helices formed independently stable
    units stabilized by a single potential barrier. Mechanical unfolding of the helices
    was triggered by 3.9–7.7 Å extension, while natural unfolding rates were of the
    order of 10−3 s−1. Besides acting as individually stable units, helices associated
    pairwise, establishing a collective potential barrier. The unfolding pathways
    of individual proteins reflect distinct pulling speed-dependent unfolding routes
    in their energy landscapes. These observations support the two-stage model of
    membrane protein folding in which α helices insert into the membrane as stable
    units and then assemble into the functional protein.
author:
- first_name: Harald L
  full_name: Harald Janovjak
  id: 33BA6C30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Janovjak
  orcid: 0000-0002-8023-9315
- first_name: Jens
  full_name: Struckmeier, Jens
  last_name: Struckmeier
- first_name: Maurice
  full_name: Hubain, Maurice
  last_name: Hubain
- first_name: Max
  full_name: Kessler, Max
  last_name: Kessler
- first_name: Alexej
  full_name: Kedrov, Alexej
  last_name: Kedrov
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Mueller, Daniel J
  last_name: Mueller
citation:
  ama: Janovjak HL, Struckmeier J, Hubain M, Kessler M, Kedrov A, Mueller D. Probing
    the energy landscape of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin. <i>Structure</i>.
    2004;12(5):871-879. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2004.03.016">10.1016/j.str.2004.03.016</a>
  apa: Janovjak, H. L., Struckmeier, J., Hubain, M., Kessler, M., Kedrov, A., &#38;
    Mueller, D. (2004). Probing the energy landscape of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin.
    <i>Structure</i>. Cell Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2004.03.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2004.03.016</a>
  chicago: Janovjak, Harald L, Jens Struckmeier, Maurice Hubain, Max Kessler, Alexej
    Kedrov, and Daniel Mueller. “Probing the Energy Landscape of the Membrane Protein
    Bacteriorhodopsin.” <i>Structure</i>. Cell Press, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2004.03.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2004.03.016</a>.
  ieee: H. L. Janovjak, J. Struckmeier, M. Hubain, M. Kessler, A. Kedrov, and D. Mueller,
    “Probing the energy landscape of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin,” <i>Structure</i>,
    vol. 12, no. 5. Cell Press, pp. 871–879, 2004.
  ista: Janovjak HL, Struckmeier J, Hubain M, Kessler M, Kedrov A, Mueller D. 2004.
    Probing the energy landscape of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin. Structure.
    12(5), 871–879.
  mla: Janovjak, Harald L., et al. “Probing the Energy Landscape of the Membrane Protein
    Bacteriorhodopsin.” <i>Structure</i>, vol. 12, no. 5, Cell Press, 2004, pp. 871–79,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2004.03.016">10.1016/j.str.2004.03.016</a>.
  short: H.L. Janovjak, J. Struckmeier, M. Hubain, M. Kessler, A. Kedrov, D. Mueller,
    Structure 12 (2004) 871–879.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:14Z
date_published: 2004-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:43:20Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.str.2004.03.016
extern: 1
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '5'
month: '05'
page: 871 - 879
publication: Structure
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '2982'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Probing the energy landscape of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin
type: journal_article
volume: 12
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '3420'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Single-molecule force-spectroscopy was employed to unfold and refold single
    sodium-proton antiporters (NhaA) of Escherichia coli from membrane patches. Although
    transmembrane α-helices and extracellular polypeptide loops exhibited sufficient
    stability to individually establish potential barriers against unfolding, two
    helices predominantly unfolded pairwise, thereby acting as one structural unit.
    Many of the potential barriers were detected unfolding NhaA either from the C-terminal
    or the N-terminal end. It was found that some molecular interactions stabilizing
    secondary structural elements were directional, while others were not. Additionally,
    some interactions appeared to occur between the secondary structural elements.
    After unfolding ten of the 12 helices, the extracted polypeptide was allowed to
    refold back into the membrane. After five seconds, the refolded polypeptide established
    all secondary structure elements of the native protein. One helical pair showed
    a characteristic spring like “snap in” into its folded conformation, while the
    refolding process of other helices was not detected in particular. Additionally,
    individual helices required characteristic periods of time to fold. Correlating
    these results with the primary structure of NhaA allowed us to obtain the first
    insights into how potential barriers establish and determine the folding kinetics
    of the secondary structure elements.
author:
- first_name: Alexej
  full_name: Kedrov, Alexej
  last_name: Kedrov
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Ziegler,  Christine
  last_name: Ziegler
- first_name: Harald L
  full_name: Harald Janovjak
  id: 33BA6C30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Janovjak
  orcid: 0000-0002-8023-9315
- first_name: Werner
  full_name: Kühlbrandt, Werner
  last_name: Kühlbrandt
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Mueller, Daniel J
  last_name: Mueller
citation:
  ama: Kedrov A, Ziegler C, Janovjak HL, Kühlbrandt W, Mueller D. Controlled unfolding
    and refolding of a single sodium/proton antiporter using atomic force microscopy.
    <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>. 2004;340(5):1143-1152. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.026">10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.026</a>
  apa: Kedrov, A., Ziegler, C., Janovjak, H. L., Kühlbrandt, W., &#38; Mueller, D.
    (2004). Controlled unfolding and refolding of a single sodium/proton antiporter
    using atomic force microscopy. <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>. Elsevier.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.026">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.026</a>
  chicago: Kedrov, Alexej, Christine Ziegler, Harald L Janovjak, Werner Kühlbrandt,
    and Daniel Mueller. “Controlled Unfolding and Refolding of a Single Sodium/Proton
    Antiporter Using Atomic Force Microscopy.” <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>.
    Elsevier, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.026">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.026</a>.
  ieee: A. Kedrov, C. Ziegler, H. L. Janovjak, W. Kühlbrandt, and D. Mueller, “Controlled
    unfolding and refolding of a single sodium/proton antiporter using atomic force
    microscopy,” <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>, vol. 340, no. 5. Elsevier, pp.
    1143–1152, 2004.
  ista: Kedrov A, Ziegler C, Janovjak HL, Kühlbrandt W, Mueller D. 2004. Controlled
    unfolding and refolding of a single sodium/proton antiporter using atomic force
    microscopy. Journal of Molecular Biology. 340(5), 1143–1152.
  mla: Kedrov, Alexej, et al. “Controlled Unfolding and Refolding of a Single Sodium/Proton
    Antiporter Using Atomic Force Microscopy.” <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>,
    vol. 340, no. 5, Elsevier, 2004, pp. 1143–52, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.026">10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.026</a>.
  short: A. Kedrov, C. Ziegler, H.L. Janovjak, W. Kühlbrandt, D. Mueller, Journal
    of Molecular Biology 340 (2004) 1143–1152.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:14Z
date_published: 2004-07-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:43:21Z
day: '23'
doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.026
extern: 1
intvolume: '       340'
issue: '5'
month: '07'
page: 1143 - 1152
publication: Journal of Molecular Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '2981'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Controlled unfolding and refolding of a single sodium/proton antiporter using
  atomic force microscopy
type: journal_article
volume: 340
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '13434'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Thin films of ionically doped gelatin have been color-patterned with submicrometer
    precision using the wet-stamping technique. Inorganic salts are delivered onto
    the gelatin surface from an agarose stamp, and diffuse into the gelatine layer,
    producting deeply colored precipitates. Reaction fronts originating from different
    features of the stamp cease within < 1 μm of each other, leaving sharp, transparent
    regions in between.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: C. J.
  full_name: Campbell, C. J.
  last_name: Campbell
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Fialkowski, M.
  last_name: Fialkowski
- first_name: Rafal
  full_name: Klajn, Rafal
  id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
  last_name: Klajn
- first_name: I. T.
  full_name: Bensemann, I. T.
  last_name: Bensemann
- first_name: B. A.
  full_name: Grzybowski, B. A.
  last_name: Grzybowski
citation:
  ama: Campbell CJ, Fialkowski M, Klajn R, Bensemann IT, Grzybowski BA. Color micro-
    and nanopatterning with counter-propagating reaction-diffusion fronts. <i>Advanced
    Materials</i>. 2004;16(21):1912-1917. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200400383">10.1002/adma.200400383</a>
  apa: Campbell, C. J., Fialkowski, M., Klajn, R., Bensemann, I. T., &#38; Grzybowski,
    B. A. (2004). Color micro- and nanopatterning with counter-propagating reaction-diffusion
    fronts. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200400383">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200400383</a>
  chicago: Campbell, C. J., M. Fialkowski, Rafal Klajn, I. T. Bensemann, and B. A.
    Grzybowski. “Color Micro- and Nanopatterning with Counter-Propagating Reaction-Diffusion
    Fronts.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200400383">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200400383</a>.
  ieee: C. J. Campbell, M. Fialkowski, R. Klajn, I. T. Bensemann, and B. A. Grzybowski,
    “Color micro- and nanopatterning with counter-propagating reaction-diffusion fronts,”
    <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 16, no. 21. Wiley, pp. 1912–1917, 2004.
  ista: Campbell CJ, Fialkowski M, Klajn R, Bensemann IT, Grzybowski BA. 2004. Color
    micro- and nanopatterning with counter-propagating reaction-diffusion fronts.
    Advanced Materials. 16(21), 1912–1917.
  mla: Campbell, C. J., et al. “Color Micro- and Nanopatterning with Counter-Propagating
    Reaction-Diffusion Fronts.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 16, no. 21, Wiley,
    2004, pp. 1912–17, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200400383">10.1002/adma.200400383</a>.
  short: C.J. Campbell, M. Fialkowski, R. Klajn, I.T. Bensemann, B.A. Grzybowski,
    Advanced Materials 16 (2004) 1912–1917.
date_created: 2023-08-01T10:39:09Z
date_published: 2004-11-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-08T12:41:23Z
day: '14'
doi: 10.1002/adma.200400383
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        16'
issue: '21'
keyword:
- Mechanical Engineering
- Mechanics of Materials
- General Materials Science
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 1912-1917
publication: Advanced Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1521-4095
  issn:
  - 0935-9648
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Color micro- and nanopatterning with counter-propagating reaction-diffusion
  fronts
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '13435'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Micropatterning of surfaces with several chemicals at different spatial locations
    usually requires multiple stamping and registration steps. Here, we describe an
    experimental method based on reaction–diffusion phenomena that allows for simultaneous
    micropatterning of a substrate with several coloured chemicals. In this method,
    called wet stamping (WETS), aqueous solutions of two or more inorganic salts are
    delivered onto a film of dry, ionically doped gelatin from an agarose stamp patterned
    in bas relief. Once in conformal contact, these salts diffuse into the gelatin,
    where they react to give deeply coloured precipitates. Separation of colours in
    the plane of the surface is the consequence of the differences in the diffusion
    coefficients, the solubility products, and the amounts of different salts delivered
    from the stamp, and is faithfully reproduced by a theoretical model based on a
    system of reaction–diffusion partial differential equations. The multicolour micropatterns
    are useful as non-binary optical elements, and could potentially form the basis
    of new applications in microseparations and in controlled delivery.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Rafal
  full_name: Klajn, Rafal
  id: 8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b
  last_name: Klajn
- first_name: Marcin
  full_name: Fialkowski, Marcin
  last_name: Fialkowski
- first_name: Igor T.
  full_name: Bensemann, Igor T.
  last_name: Bensemann
- first_name: Agnieszka
  full_name: Bitner, Agnieszka
  last_name: Bitner
- first_name: C. J.
  full_name: Campbell, C. J.
  last_name: Campbell
- first_name: Kyle
  full_name: Bishop, Kyle
  last_name: Bishop
- first_name: Stoyan
  full_name: Smoukov, Stoyan
  last_name: Smoukov
- first_name: Bartosz A.
  full_name: Grzybowski, Bartosz A.
  last_name: Grzybowski
citation:
  ama: Klajn R, Fialkowski M, Bensemann IT, et al. Multicolour micropatterning of
    thin films of dry gels. <i>Nature Materials</i>. 2004;3:729-735. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1231">10.1038/nmat1231</a>
  apa: Klajn, R., Fialkowski, M., Bensemann, I. T., Bitner, A., Campbell, C. J., Bishop,
    K., … Grzybowski, B. A. (2004). Multicolour micropatterning of thin films of dry
    gels. <i>Nature Materials</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1231">https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1231</a>
  chicago: Klajn, Rafal, Marcin Fialkowski, Igor T. Bensemann, Agnieszka Bitner, C.
    J. Campbell, Kyle Bishop, Stoyan Smoukov, and Bartosz A. Grzybowski. “Multicolour
    Micropatterning of Thin Films of Dry Gels.” <i>Nature Materials</i>. Springer
    Nature, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1231">https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1231</a>.
  ieee: R. Klajn <i>et al.</i>, “Multicolour micropatterning of thin films of dry
    gels,” <i>Nature Materials</i>, vol. 3. Springer Nature, pp. 729–735, 2004.
  ista: Klajn R, Fialkowski M, Bensemann IT, Bitner A, Campbell CJ, Bishop K, Smoukov
    S, Grzybowski BA. 2004. Multicolour micropatterning of thin films of dry gels.
    Nature Materials. 3, 729–735.
  mla: Klajn, Rafal, et al. “Multicolour Micropatterning of Thin Films of Dry Gels.”
    <i>Nature Materials</i>, vol. 3, Springer Nature, 2004, pp. 729–35, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1231">10.1038/nmat1231</a>.
  short: R. Klajn, M. Fialkowski, I.T. Bensemann, A. Bitner, C.J. Campbell, K. Bishop,
    S. Smoukov, B.A. Grzybowski, Nature Materials 3 (2004) 729–735.
date_created: 2023-08-01T10:39:23Z
date_published: 2004-09-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-08T12:42:51Z
day: '19'
doi: 10.1038/nmat1231
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '15378052'
intvolume: '         3'
keyword:
- Mechanical Engineering
- Mechanics of Materials
- Condensed Matter Physics
- General Materials Science
- General Chemistry
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 729-735
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1476-4660
  issn:
  - 1476-1122
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Multicolour micropatterning of thin films of dry gels
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 3
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '1456'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We study the space of L2 harmonic forms on complete manifolds with metrics
    of fibred boundary or fibred cusp type. These metrics generalize the geometric
    structures at infinity of several different well-known classes of metrics, including
    asymptotically locally Euclidean manifolds, the (known types of) gravitational
    instantons, and also Poincaré metrics on ℚ-rank 1 ends of locally symmetric spaces
    and on the complements of smooth divisors in Kähler manifolds. The answer in all
    cases is given in terms of intersection cohomology of a stratified compactification
    of the manifold. The L2 signature formula implied by our result is closely related
    to the one proved by Dai and more generally by Vaillant and identifies Dai's τ-invariant
    directly in terms of intersection cohomology of differing perversities. This work
    is also closely related to a recent paper of Carron and the forthcoming paper
    of Cheeger and Dai. We apply our results to a number of examples, gravitational
    instantons among them, arising in predictions about L2 harmonic forms in duality
    theories in string theory.
acknowledgement: |-
  Hausel’s work supported by a Miller Research Fellowship at the University of California, Berkeley.
  Hunsicker’s work partially supported by Stanford University.
  Mazzeo’s work supported by National Science Foundation grant numbers DMS-991975 and DMS-0204730 and
  by the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute.
author:
- first_name: Tamas
  full_name: Tamas Hausel
  id: 4A0666D8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hausel
- first_name: Eugénie
  full_name: Hunsicker, Eugénie
  last_name: Hunsicker
- first_name: Rafe
  full_name: Mazzeo, Rafe R
  last_name: Mazzeo
citation:
  ama: Hausel T, Hunsicker E, Mazzeo R. Hodge cohomology of gravitational instantons.
    <i>Duke Mathematical Journal</i>. 2004;122(3):485-548. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X">10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X</a>
  apa: Hausel, T., Hunsicker, E., &#38; Mazzeo, R. (2004). Hodge cohomology of gravitational
    instantons. <i>Duke Mathematical Journal</i>. Duke University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X">https://doi.org/10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X</a>
  chicago: Hausel, Tamás, Eugénie Hunsicker, and Rafe Mazzeo. “Hodge Cohomology of
    Gravitational Instantons.” <i>Duke Mathematical Journal</i>. Duke University Press,
    2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X">https://doi.org/10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X</a>.
  ieee: T. Hausel, E. Hunsicker, and R. Mazzeo, “Hodge cohomology of gravitational
    instantons,” <i>Duke Mathematical Journal</i>, vol. 122, no. 3. Duke University
    Press, pp. 485–548, 2004.
  ista: Hausel T, Hunsicker E, Mazzeo R. 2004. Hodge cohomology of gravitational instantons.
    Duke Mathematical Journal. 122(3), 485–548.
  mla: Hausel, Tamás, et al. “Hodge Cohomology of Gravitational Instantons.” <i>Duke
    Mathematical Journal</i>, vol. 122, no. 3, Duke University Press, 2004, pp. 485–548,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X">10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X</a>.
  short: T. Hausel, E. Hunsicker, R. Mazzeo, Duke Mathematical Journal 122 (2004)
    485–548.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:52:08Z
date_published: 2004-04-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:50:52Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12233-X
extern: 1
intvolume: '       122'
issue: '3'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0207169
month: '04'
oa: 1
page: 485 - 548
publication: Duke Mathematical Journal
publication_status: published
publisher: Duke University Press
publist_id: '5737'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Hodge cohomology of gravitational instantons
type: journal_article
volume: 122
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '1464'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The moduli space of stable vector bundles on a Riemann surface is smooth
    when the rank and degree are coprime, and is diffeomorphic to the space of unitary
    connections of central constant curvature. A classic result of Newstead and Atiyah
    and Bott asserts that its rational cohomology ring is generated by the universal
    classes, that is, by the Kunneth components of the Chern classes of the universal
    bundle.\n\nThis paper studies the larger, non-compact moduli space of Higgs bundles,
    as introduced by Hitchin and Simpson, with values in the canonical bundle K. This
    is diffeomorphic to the space of all connections of central constant curvature,
    whether unitary or not. The main result of the paper is that, in the rank 2 case,
    the rational cohomology ring of this space is again generated by universal classes.\n\nThe
    spaces of Higgs bundles with values in K(n) for n &gt; 0 turn out to be essential
    to the story. Indeed, we show that their direct limit has the homotopy type of
    the classifying space of the gauge group, and hence has cohomology generated by
    universal classes. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 14H60 (primary), 14D20,
    14H81, 32Q55, 58D27 (secondary). "
author:
- first_name: Tamas
  full_name: Tamas Hausel
  id: 4A0666D8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hausel
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Thaddeus, Michael
  last_name: Thaddeus
citation:
  ama: Hausel T, Thaddeus M. Generators for the cohomology ring of the moduli space
    of rank 2 higgs bundles. <i>Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society</i>.
    2004;88(3):632-658. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1112/S0024611503014618">10.1112/S0024611503014618</a>
  apa: Hausel, T., &#38; Thaddeus, M. (2004). Generators for the cohomology ring of
    the moduli space of rank 2 higgs bundles. <i>Proceedings of the London Mathematical
    Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1112/S0024611503014618">https://doi.org/10.1112/S0024611503014618</a>
  chicago: Hausel, Tamás, and Michael Thaddeus. “Generators for the Cohomology Ring
    of the Moduli Space of Rank 2 Higgs Bundles.” <i>Proceedings of the London Mathematical
    Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1112/S0024611503014618">https://doi.org/10.1112/S0024611503014618</a>.
  ieee: T. Hausel and M. Thaddeus, “Generators for the cohomology ring of the moduli
    space of rank 2 higgs bundles,” <i>Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society</i>,
    vol. 88, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 632–658, 2004.
  ista: Hausel T, Thaddeus M. 2004. Generators for the cohomology ring of the moduli
    space of rank 2 higgs bundles. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society.
    88(3), 632–658.
  mla: Hausel, Tamás, and Michael Thaddeus. “Generators for the Cohomology Ring of
    the Moduli Space of Rank 2 Higgs Bundles.” <i>Proceedings of the London Mathematical
    Society</i>, vol. 88, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 632–58, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1112/S0024611503014618">10.1112/S0024611503014618</a>.
  short: T. Hausel, M. Thaddeus, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 88
    (2004) 632–658.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:52:10Z
date_published: 2004-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:50:55Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1112/S0024611503014618
extern: 1
intvolume: '        88'
issue: '3'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0003093
month: '05'
oa: 1
page: 632 - 658
publication: Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
publist_id: '5736'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Generators for the cohomology ring of the moduli space of rank 2 higgs bundles
type: journal_article
volume: 88
year: '2004'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '17812'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A remarkable result of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations
    is that the universe was significantly reionized at large redshifts. The standard
    explanation is that massive stars formed early and reionized the universe around
    redshift z ≈ 17. Here we explore an alternative possibility in which the universe
    was reionized in two steps. An early boost of reionization is provided by a decaying
    sterile neutrino whose decay products, relativistic electrons, result in partial
    ionization of the smooth gas. We demonstrate that a neutrino with a mass of mν
    ~ 200 MeV and a decay time of t ~ 4 × 1015 s can account for the electron scattering
    optical depth τ ≈ 0.16 measured by WMAP without violating existing astrophysical
    limits on the cosmic microwave and gamma-ray backgrounds. Reionization is then
    completed by subsequent star formation at lower redshifts. This scenario alleviates
    constraints on structure formation models with reduced small-scale power, such
    as those with a running or tilted scalar index, or warm dark matter models.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Steen H.
  full_name: Hansen, Steen H.
  last_name: Hansen
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
citation:
  ama: Hansen SH, Haiman Z. Do we need stars to reionize the universe at high redshifts?
    Early reionization by decaying heavy sterile neutrinos. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>.
    2004;600(1):26-31. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/379636">10.1086/379636</a>
  apa: Hansen, S. H., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2004). Do we need stars to reionize the universe
    at high redshifts? Early reionization by decaying heavy sterile neutrinos. <i>The
    Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/379636">https://doi.org/10.1086/379636</a>
  chicago: Hansen, Steen H., and Zoltán Haiman. “Do We Need Stars to Reionize the
    Universe at High Redshifts? Early Reionization by Decaying Heavy Sterile Neutrinos.”
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/379636">https://doi.org/10.1086/379636</a>.
  ieee: S. H. Hansen and Z. Haiman, “Do we need stars to reionize the universe at
    high redshifts? Early reionization by decaying heavy sterile neutrinos,” <i>The
    Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 600, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp.
    26–31, 2004.
  ista: Hansen SH, Haiman Z. 2004. Do we need stars to reionize the universe at high
    redshifts? Early reionization by decaying heavy sterile neutrinos. The Astrophysical
    Journal. 600(1), 26–31.
  mla: Hansen, Steen H., and Zoltán Haiman. “Do We Need Stars to Reionize the Universe
    at High Redshifts? Early Reionization by Decaying Heavy Sterile Neutrinos.” <i>The
    Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 600, no. 1, American Astronomical Society, 2004,
    pp. 26–31, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/379636">10.1086/379636</a>.
  short: S.H. Hansen, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal 600 (2004) 26–31.
date_created: 2024-09-06T11:40:26Z
date_published: 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-12T10:29:53Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1086/379636
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - astro-ph/0305126
intvolume: '       600'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/0305126
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 26-31
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1538-4357
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Do we need stars to reionize the universe at high redshifts? Early reionization
  by decaying heavy sterile neutrinos
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 600
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '18331'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Recently, a 3D face recognition approach based on geometric invariant signatures,
    has been proposed. The key idea is a representation of the facial surface, invariant
    to isometric deformations, such as those resulting from facial expressions. One
    important stage in the construction of the geometric invariants involves in measuring
    geodesic distances on triangulated surfaces, which is carried out by the fast
    marching on triangulated domains algorithm.\r\n\r\nProposed here is a method that
    uses only the metric tensor of the surface for geodesic distance computation.
    That is, the explicit integration of the surface in 3D from its gradients is not
    needed for the recognition task. It enables the use of simple and cost-efficient
    3D acquisition techniques such as photometric stereo. Avoiding the explicit surface
    reconstruction stage saves computational time and reduces numerical errors."
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: Michael M.
  full_name: Bronstein, Michael M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Alon
  full_name: Spira, Alon
  last_name: Spira
- first_name: Ron
  full_name: Kimmel, Ron
  last_name: Kimmel
citation:
  ama: 'Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Spira A, Kimmel R. Face recognition from facial
    surface metric. In: <i>8th European Conference on Computer Vision</i>. Vol 3022.
    Springer Nature; 2004:225–237. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_18">10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_18</a>'
  apa: 'Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., Spira, A., &#38; Kimmel, R. (2004). Face
    recognition from facial surface metric. In <i>8th European Conference on Computer
    Vision</i> (Vol. 3022, pp. 225–237). Prageu, Czech Republic: Springer Nature.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_18">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_18</a>'
  chicago: Bronstein, Alex M., Michael M. Bronstein, Alon Spira, and Ron Kimmel. “Face
    Recognition from Facial Surface Metric.” In <i>8th European Conference on Computer
    Vision</i>, 3022:225–237. Springer Nature, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_18">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_18</a>.
  ieee: A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, A. Spira, and R. Kimmel, “Face recognition
    from facial surface metric,” in <i>8th European Conference on Computer Vision</i>,
    Prageu, Czech Republic, 2004, vol. 3022, pp. 225–237.
  ista: 'Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Spira A, Kimmel R. 2004. Face recognition from
    facial surface metric. 8th European Conference on Computer Vision. ECCV: European
    Conference on Computer Vision, LNCS, vol. 3022, 225–237.'
  mla: Bronstein, Alex M., et al. “Face Recognition from Facial Surface Metric.” <i>8th
    European Conference on Computer Vision</i>, vol. 3022, Springer Nature, 2004,
    pp. 225–237, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_18">10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_18</a>.
  short: A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, A. Spira, R. Kimmel, in:, 8th European Conference
    on Computer Vision, Springer Nature, 2004, pp. 225–237.
conference:
  end_date: 2004-05-14
  location: Prageu, Czech Republic
  name: 'ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision'
  start_date: 2004-05-11
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:54Z
date_published: 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-12-02T14:51:08Z
doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24671-8_18
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      3022'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 225–237
publication: 8th European Conference on Computer Vision
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1611-3349
  - '9783540246718'
  isbn:
  - '9783540219835'
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Face recognition from facial surface metric
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 3022
year: '2004'
...
