---
_id: '11762'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'In this paper, we describe six algorithmic problems that arise in web search
    engines and that are not or only partially solved: (1) Uniformly sampling of web
    pages; (2) modeling the web graph; (3) ﬁnding duplicate hosts; (4) ﬁnding top
    gainers and losers in data streams; (5) ﬁnding large dense bipartite graphs; and
    (6) understanding how eigenvectors partition the web.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Monika H
  full_name: Henzinger, Monika H
  id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530
citation:
  ama: Henzinger M. Algorithmic challenges in web search engines. <i>Internet Mathematics</i>.
    2004;1(1):115-123. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079">10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079</a>
  apa: Henzinger, M. (2004). Algorithmic challenges in web search engines. <i>Internet
    Mathematics</i>. Internet Mathematics. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079">https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079</a>
  chicago: Henzinger, Monika. “Algorithmic Challenges in Web Search Engines.” <i>Internet
    Mathematics</i>. Internet Mathematics, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079">https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079</a>.
  ieee: M. Henzinger, “Algorithmic challenges in web search engines,” <i>Internet
    Mathematics</i>, vol. 1, no. 1. Internet Mathematics, pp. 115–123, 2004.
  ista: Henzinger M. 2004. Algorithmic challenges in web search engines. Internet
    Mathematics. 1(1), 115–123.
  mla: Henzinger, Monika. “Algorithmic Challenges in Web Search Engines.” <i>Internet
    Mathematics</i>, vol. 1, no. 1, Internet Mathematics, 2004, pp. 115–23, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079">10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079</a>.
  short: M. Henzinger, Internet Mathematics 1 (2004) 115–123.
date_created: 2022-08-08T11:55:53Z
date_published: 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-06T08:13:59Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         1'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2004.10129079
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 115-123
publication: Internet Mathematics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1944-9488
  issn:
  - 1542-7951
publication_status: published
publisher: Internet Mathematics
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Algorithmic challenges in web search engines
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 1
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '11800'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Web search engines have emerged as one of the central applications on the
    Internet. In fact, search has become one of the most important activities that
    people engage in on the the Internet. Even beyond becoming the number one source
    of information, a growing number of businesses are depending on web search engines
    for customer acquisition.\r\n\r\nThe first generation of web search engines used
    text-only retrieval techniques. Google revolutionized the field by deploying the
    PageRank technology – an eigenvector-based analysis of the hyperlink structure
    – to analyze the web in order to produce relevant results. Moving forward, our
    goal is to achieve a better understanding of a page with a view towards producing
    even more relevant results."
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Monika H
  full_name: Henzinger, Monika H
  id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger M. The past, present, and future of web search engines. In: <i>31st
    International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>. Vol 3142.
    Springer Nature; 2004:3. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2">10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, M. (2004). The past, present, and future of web search engines.
    In <i>31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>
    (Vol. 3142, p. 3). Turku, Finland: Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Monika. “The Past, Present, and Future of Web Search Engines.”
    In <i>31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>,
    3142:3. Springer Nature, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2</a>.
  ieee: M. Henzinger, “The past, present, and future of web search engines,” in <i>31st
    International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>, Turku, Finland,
    2004, vol. 3142, p. 3.
  ista: 'Henzinger M. 2004. The past, present, and future of web search engines. 31st
    International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming. ICALP: International
    Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, LNCS, vol. 3142, 3.'
  mla: Henzinger, Monika. “The Past, Present, and Future of Web Search Engines.” <i>31st
    International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming</i>, vol. 3142,
    Springer Nature, 2004, p. 3, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2">10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2</a>.
  short: M. Henzinger, in:, 31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and
    Programming, Springer Nature, 2004, p. 3.
conference:
  end_date: 2004-07-16
  location: Turku, Finland
  name: 'ICALP: International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming'
  start_date: 2004-07-12
date_created: 2022-08-11T12:38:58Z
date_published: 2004-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-06T08:14:51Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_2
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      3142'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: '3'
publication: 31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1611-3349
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The past, present, and future of web search engines
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 3142
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '11801'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Web search engines have emerged as one of the central applications on the
    internet. In fact, search has become one of the most important activities that
    people engage in on the Internet. Even beyond becoming the number one source of
    information, a growing number of businesses are depending on web search engines
    for customer acquisition. In this talk I will brief review the history of web
    search engines: The first generation of web search engines used text-only retrieval
    techniques. Google revolutionized the field by deploying the PageRank technology
    – an eigenvector-based analysis of the hyperlink structure- to analyze the web
    in order to produce relevant results. Moving forward, our goal is to achieve a
    better understanding of a page with a view towards producing even more relevant
    results.\r\n\r\nGoogle is powered by a large number of PCs. Using this infrastructure
    and striving to be as efficient as possible poses challenging systems problems
    but also various algorithmic challenges. I will discuss some of them in my talk."
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Monika H
  full_name: Henzinger, Monika H
  id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger M. Algorithmic aspects of web search engines. In: <i>2th Annual
    European Symposium on Algorithms</i>. Vol 3221. Springer Nature; 2004:3. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2">10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, M. (2004). Algorithmic aspects of web search engines. In <i>2th
    Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i> (Vol. 3221, p. 3). Bergen, Norway:
    Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Monika. “Algorithmic Aspects of Web Search Engines.” In <i>2th
    Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, 3221:3. Springer Nature, 2004. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2</a>.
  ieee: M. Henzinger, “Algorithmic aspects of web search engines,” in <i>2th Annual
    European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, Bergen, Norway, 2004, vol. 3221, p. 3.
  ista: 'Henzinger M. 2004. Algorithmic aspects of web search engines. 2th Annual
    European Symposium on Algorithms. ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms, LNCS,
    vol. 3221, 3.'
  mla: Henzinger, Monika. “Algorithmic Aspects of Web Search Engines.” <i>2th Annual
    European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, vol. 3221, Springer Nature, 2004, p. 3,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2">10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2</a>.
  short: M. Henzinger, in:, 2th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, Springer
    Nature, 2004, p. 3.
conference:
  end_date: 2004-09-17
  location: Bergen, Norway
  name: 'ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms'
  start_date: 2004-09-14
date_created: 2022-08-11T13:18:05Z
date_published: 2004-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-06T11:55:33Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-30140-0_2
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      3221'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: '3'
publication: 2th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1611-3349
  isbn:
  - ' 3540230254'
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Algorithmic aspects of web search engines
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 3221
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '11859'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In this article we describe the approach taken by the first web search engines,
    discuss the state of the art, and present some of the challenges for the future.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Monika H
  full_name: Henzinger, Monika H
  id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger M. The past, present, and future of web information retrieval. In:
    <i>SPIE Proceedings</i>. Vol 5296. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers;
    2004:23-26. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537534">10.1117/12.537534</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, M. (2004). The past, present, and future of web information retrieval.
    In <i>SPIE Proceedings</i> (Vol. 5296, pp. 23–26). San Jose, CA, United States:
    Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537534">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537534</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Monika. “The Past, Present, and Future of Web Information Retrieval.”
    In <i>SPIE Proceedings</i>, 5296:23–26. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation
    Engineers, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537534">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537534</a>.
  ieee: M. Henzinger, “The past, present, and future of web information retrieval,”
    in <i>SPIE Proceedings</i>, San Jose, CA, United States, 2004, vol. 5296, pp.
    23–26.
  ista: Henzinger M. 2004. The past, present, and future of web information retrieval.
    SPIE Proceedings. Document Recognition and Retrieval XI vol. 5296, 23–26.
  mla: Henzinger, Monika. “The Past, Present, and Future of Web Information Retrieval.”
    <i>SPIE Proceedings</i>, vol. 5296, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers,
    2004, pp. 23–26, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537534">10.1117/12.537534</a>.
  short: M. Henzinger, in:, SPIE Proceedings, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation
    Engineers, 2004, pp. 23–26.
conference:
  end_date: 2004-01-22
  location: San Jose, CA, United States
  name: Document Recognition and Retrieval XI
  start_date: 2004-01-21
date_created: 2022-08-16T08:46:41Z
date_published: 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-06T11:59:44Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1117/12.537534
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      5296'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 23 - 26
publication: SPIE Proceedings
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0277-786X
publication_status: published
publisher: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The past, present, and future of web information retrieval
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 5296
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '11877'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The World Wide Web provides a unprecedented opportunity to automatically analyze
    a large sample of interests and activity in the world. We discuss methods for
    extracting knowledge from the web by randomly sampling and analyzing hosts and
    pages, and by analyzing the link structure of the web and how links accumulate
    over time. A variety of interesting and valuable information can be extracted,
    such as the distribution of web pages over domains, the distribution of interest
    in different areas, communities related to different topics, the nature of competition
    in different categories of sites, and the degree of communication between different
    communities or countries.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Monika H
  full_name: Henzinger, Monika H
  id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530
- first_name: Steve
  full_name: Lawrence, Steve
  last_name: Lawrence
citation:
  ama: Henzinger M, Lawrence S. Extracting knowledge from the World Wide Web. <i>Proceedings
    of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. 2004;101(suppl_1):5186-5191. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307528100">10.1073/pnas.0307528100</a>
  apa: Henzinger, M., &#38; Lawrence, S. (2004). Extracting knowledge from the World
    Wide Web. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. Proceedings
    of the National Academy of Sciences. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307528100">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307528100</a>
  chicago: Henzinger, Monika, and Steve Lawrence. “Extracting Knowledge from the World
    Wide Web.” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. Proceedings
    of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307528100">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307528100</a>.
  ieee: M. Henzinger and S. Lawrence, “Extracting knowledge from the World Wide Web,”
    <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>, vol. 101, no. suppl_1.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pp. 5186–5191, 2004.
  ista: Henzinger M, Lawrence S. 2004. Extracting knowledge from the World Wide Web.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101(suppl_1), 5186–5191.
  mla: Henzinger, Monika, and Steve Lawrence. “Extracting Knowledge from the World
    Wide Web.” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>, vol. 101, no.
    suppl_1, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004, pp. 5186–91, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307528100">10.1073/pnas.0307528100</a>.
  short: M. Henzinger, S. Lawrence, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    101 (2004) 5186–5191.
date_created: 2022-08-16T13:06:10Z
date_published: 2004-04-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-06T12:00:20Z
day: '06'
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0307528100
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '14745041'
intvolume: '       101'
issue: suppl_1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC387294/
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 5186-5191
pmid: 1
publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1091-6490
  issn:
  - 0027-8424
publication_status: published
publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Extracting knowledge from the World Wide Web
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 101
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '12203'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS, EC: 2.5.1.29) catalyzes the biosynthesis
    of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which is a key precursor for ginkgolide
    biosynthesis. Here we reported for the first time the cloning of a new full-length
    cDNA encoding GGPPS from the living fossil plant Ginkgo biloba. The full-length
    cDNA encoding G. biloba GGPPS (designated as GbGGPPS) was 1657bp long and contained
    a 1176bp open reading frame encoding a 391 amino acid protein. Comparative analysis
    showed that GbGGPPS possessed a 79 amino acid transit peptide at its N-terminal,
    which directed GbGGPPS to target to the plastids. Bioinformatic analysis revealed
    that GbGGPPS was a member of polyprenyltransferases with two highly conserved
    aspartate-rich motifs like other plant GGPPSs. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated
    that plant GGPPSs could be classified into two groups, angiosperm and gymnosperm
    GGPPSs, while GbGGPPS had closer relationship with gymnosperm plant GGPPSs.'
acknowledgement: This study was financially supported by China National High-Tech
  “863” Program. The authors are very thankful to Dr Li Wang (School of Life Sciences,
  Fudan University, Shanghai, China) for her kind help with constructing the phylogenetic
  tree.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Zhihua
  full_name: Liao, Zhihua
  last_name: Liao
- first_name: Min
  full_name: Chen, Min
  last_name: Chen
- first_name: Yifu
  full_name: Gong, Yifu
  last_name: Gong
- first_name: Liang
  full_name: Guo, Liang
  last_name: Guo
- first_name: Qiumin
  full_name: Tan, Qiumin
  last_name: Tan
- first_name: Xiaoqi
  full_name: Feng, Xiaoqi
  id: e0164712-22ee-11ed-b12a-d80fcdf35958
  last_name: Feng
  orcid: 0000-0002-4008-1234
- first_name: Xiaofen
  full_name: Sun, Xiaofen
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: Feng
  full_name: Tan, Feng
  last_name: Tan
- first_name: Kexuan
  full_name: Tang, Kexuan
  last_name: Tang
citation:
  ama: Liao Z, Chen M, Gong Y, et al. A new geranylgeranyl Diphosphate synthase gene
    from Ginkgo biloba, which intermediates the biosynthesis of the key precursor
    for ginkgolides. <i>DNA Sequence</i>. 2004;15(2):153-158. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10425170410001667348">10.1080/10425170410001667348</a>
  apa: Liao, Z., Chen, M., Gong, Y., Guo, L., Tan, Q., Feng, X., … Tang, K. (2004).
    A new geranylgeranyl Diphosphate synthase gene from Ginkgo biloba, which intermediates
    the biosynthesis of the key precursor for ginkgolides. <i>DNA Sequence</i>. Informa
    UK Limited. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10425170410001667348">https://doi.org/10.1080/10425170410001667348</a>
  chicago: Liao, Zhihua, Min Chen, Yifu Gong, Liang Guo, Qiumin Tan, Xiaoqi Feng,
    Xiaofen Sun, Feng Tan, and Kexuan Tang. “A New Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase
    Gene from Ginkgo Biloba, Which Intermediates the Biosynthesis of the Key Precursor
    for Ginkgolides.” <i>DNA Sequence</i>. Informa UK Limited, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10425170410001667348">https://doi.org/10.1080/10425170410001667348</a>.
  ieee: Z. Liao <i>et al.</i>, “A new geranylgeranyl Diphosphate synthase gene from
    Ginkgo biloba, which intermediates the biosynthesis of the key precursor for ginkgolides,”
    <i>DNA Sequence</i>, vol. 15, no. 2. Informa UK Limited, pp. 153–158, 2004.
  ista: Liao Z, Chen M, Gong Y, Guo L, Tan Q, Feng X, Sun X, Tan F, Tang K. 2004.
    A new geranylgeranyl Diphosphate synthase gene from Ginkgo biloba, which intermediates
    the biosynthesis of the key precursor for ginkgolides. DNA Sequence. 15(2), 153–158.
  mla: Liao, Zhihua, et al. “A New Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase Gene from Ginkgo
    Biloba, Which Intermediates the Biosynthesis of the Key Precursor for Ginkgolides.”
    <i>DNA Sequence</i>, vol. 15, no. 2, Informa UK Limited, 2004, pp. 153–58, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10425170410001667348">10.1080/10425170410001667348</a>.
  short: Z. Liao, M. Chen, Y. Gong, L. Guo, Q. Tan, X. Feng, X. Sun, F. Tan, K. Tang,
    DNA Sequence 15 (2004) 153–158.
date_created: 2023-01-16T09:24:50Z
date_published: 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-08T10:58:29Z
department:
- _id: XiFe
doi: 10.1080/10425170410001667348
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '15352294'
intvolume: '        15'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Endocrinology
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
language:
- iso: eng
oa_version: None
page: 153-158
pmid: 1
publication: DNA Sequence
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1042-5179
publication_status: published
publisher: Informa UK Limited
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A new geranylgeranyl Diphosphate synthase gene from Ginkgo biloba, which intermediates
  the biosynthesis of the key precursor for ginkgolides
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2636'
author:
- first_name: Akiko
  full_name: Momiyama, Akiko
  last_name: Momiyama
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Ryuichi Shigemoto
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
citation:
  ama: Momiyama A, Shigemoto R. Function and distribution of glutamate receptors in
    the central synapses. <i>Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso Protein nucleic acid enzyme</i>.
    2004;49(3 Suppl):287-294.
  apa: Momiyama, A., &#38; Shigemoto, R. (2004). Function and distribution of glutamate
    receptors in the central synapses. <i>Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso Protein Nucleic
    Acid Enzyme</i>. Kyoritsu Shuppan.
  chicago: Momiyama, Akiko, and Ryuichi Shigemoto. “Function and Distribution of Glutamate
    Receptors in the Central Synapses.” <i>Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso Protein Nucleic
    Acid Enzyme</i>. Kyoritsu Shuppan, 2004.
  ieee: A. Momiyama and R. Shigemoto, “Function and distribution of glutamate receptors
    in the central synapses,” <i>Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso Protein nucleic acid enzyme</i>,
    vol. 49, no. 3 Suppl. Kyoritsu Shuppan, pp. 287–294, 2004.
  ista: Momiyama A, Shigemoto R. 2004. Function and distribution of glutamate receptors
    in the central synapses. Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso Protein nucleic acid enzyme.
    49(3 Suppl), 287–294.
  mla: Momiyama, Akiko, and Ryuichi Shigemoto. “Function and Distribution of Glutamate
    Receptors in the Central Synapses.” <i>Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso Protein Nucleic
    Acid Enzyme</i>, vol. 49, no. 3 Suppl, Kyoritsu Shuppan, 2004, pp. 287–94.
  short: A. Momiyama, R. Shigemoto, Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso Protein Nucleic Acid
    Enzyme 49 (2004) 287–294.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:48Z
date_published: 2004-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:44Z
day: '01'
extern: 1
intvolume: '        49'
issue: 3 Suppl
month: '02'
page: 287 - 294
publication: Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso Protein nucleic acid enzyme
publication_status: published
publisher: Kyoritsu Shuppan
publist_id: '4261'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Function and distribution of glutamate receptors in the central synapses
type: review
volume: 49
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2638'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Among various types of low- and high-threshold calcium channels, the high
    voltage-activated P/Q-type channel is the most abundant in the cerebellum. These
    P/Q-type channels are involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and
    in the integration of dendritic inputs. We used an antibody specific for the α1A
    subunit of the P/Q-type channel in quantitative pre-embedding immunogold labelling
    combined with three-dimensional reconstruction to reveal the subcellular distribution
    of pre- and postsynaptic P/Q-type channels in the rat cerebellum. At the light
    microscopic level, immunoreactivity for the α1A protein was prevalent in the molecular
    layer, whereas immunostaining was moderate in the somata of Purkinje cells and
    weak in the granule cell layer. At the electron microscopic level, the most intense
    Immunoreactivity for the α1A subunit was found in the presynaptic active zone
    of parallel fibre varicosities. The dendritic spines of Purkinje cells were also
    strongly labelled with the highest density of immunoparticles detected within
    180 nm from the edge of the asymmetrical parallel fibre-Purkinje cell synapses.
    By contrast, the immunolabelling was sparse in climbing fibre varicosities and
    axon terminals of GABAergic cells, and weak and diffuse in dendritic shafts of
    Purkinje cells. The association of the α1A subunit with the glutamatergic parallel
    fibre-Purkinje cell synapses suggests that presynaptic channels have a major role
    in the mediation of excitatory neurotransmission, whereas postsynaptic channels
    are likely to be involved in depolarization-induced generation of local calcium
    transients in Purkinje cells.
author:
- first_name: Ákos
  full_name: Kulik, Ákos
  last_name: Kulik
- first_name: Kazuhiko
  full_name: Nakadate, Kazuhiko
  last_name: Nakadate
- first_name: Akari
  full_name: Hagiwara, Akari
  last_name: Hagiwara
- first_name: Yugo
  full_name: Fukazawa, Yugo
  last_name: Fukazawa
- first_name: Rafael
  full_name: Luján, Rafael
  last_name: Luján
- first_name: Hiromitsu
  full_name: Saito, Hiromitsu
  last_name: Saito
- first_name: Noboru
  full_name: Suzuki, Noboru
  last_name: Suzuki
- first_name: Akira
  full_name: Futatsugi, Akira
  last_name: Futatsugi
- first_name: Katsuhiko
  full_name: Mikoshiba, Katsuhiko
  last_name: Mikoshiba
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Frotscher, Michael
  last_name: Frotscher
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Ryuichi Shigemoto
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
citation:
  ama: Kulik Á, Nakadate K, Hagiwara A, et al. Immunocytochemical localization of
    the α1A subunit of the P/Q-type calcium channel in the rat cerebellum. <i>European
    Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 2004;19(8):2169-2178. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03319.x">10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03319.x</a>
  apa: Kulik, Á., Nakadate, K., Hagiwara, A., Fukazawa, Y., Luján, R., Saito, H.,
    … Shigemoto, R. (2004). Immunocytochemical localization of the α1A subunit of
    the P/Q-type calcium channel in the rat cerebellum. <i>European Journal of Neuroscience</i>.
    Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03319.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03319.x</a>
  chicago: Kulik, Ákos, Kazuhiko Nakadate, Akari Hagiwara, Yugo Fukazawa, Rafael Luján,
    Hiromitsu Saito, Noboru Suzuki, et al. “Immunocytochemical Localization of the
    Α1A Subunit of the P/Q-Type Calcium Channel in the Rat Cerebellum.” <i>European
    Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03319.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03319.x</a>.
  ieee: Á. Kulik <i>et al.</i>, “Immunocytochemical localization of the α1A subunit
    of the P/Q-type calcium channel in the rat cerebellum,” <i>European Journal of
    Neuroscience</i>, vol. 19, no. 8. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 2169–2178, 2004.
  ista: Kulik Á, Nakadate K, Hagiwara A, Fukazawa Y, Luján R, Saito H, Suzuki N, Futatsugi
    A, Mikoshiba K, Frotscher M, Shigemoto R. 2004. Immunocytochemical localization
    of the α1A subunit of the P/Q-type calcium channel in the rat cerebellum. European
    Journal of Neuroscience. 19(8), 2169–2178.
  mla: Kulik, Ákos, et al. “Immunocytochemical Localization of the Α1A Subunit of
    the P/Q-Type Calcium Channel in the Rat Cerebellum.” <i>European Journal of Neuroscience</i>,
    vol. 19, no. 8, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, pp. 2169–78, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03319.x">10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03319.x</a>.
  short: Á. Kulik, K. Nakadate, A. Hagiwara, Y. Fukazawa, R. Luján, H. Saito, N. Suzuki,
    A. Futatsugi, K. Mikoshiba, M. Frotscher, R. Shigemoto, European Journal of Neuroscience
    19 (2004) 2169–2178.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:48Z
date_published: 2004-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:58:44Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03319.x
extern: 1
intvolume: '        19'
issue: '8'
month: '04'
page: 2169 - 2178
publication: European Journal of Neuroscience
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '4259'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Immunocytochemical localization of the α1A subunit of the P/Q-type calcium
  channel in the rat cerebellum
type: journal_article
volume: 19
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2639'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGLUT3) containing neuronal elements
    were characterized using antibodies to VGLUT3 and molecular cell markers. All
    VGLUT3-positive somata were immunoreactive for CCK, and very rarely, also for
    calbindin; none was positive for parvalbumin, calretinin, VIP or somatostatin.
    In the CA1 area, 26.8 ± 0.7% of CCK-positive interneuron somata were VGLUT3-positive,
    a nonoverlapping 22.8 ± 1.9% were calbindin-positive, 10.7 ± 2.5% VIP-positive
    and the rest were only CCK-positive. The patterns of coexpression were similar
    in the CA3 area, the dentate gyrus and the isocortex. Immunoreactivity for VGLUT3
    was undetectable in pyramidal and dentate granule cells. Boutons colabelled for
    VGLUT3, CCK and GAD were most abundant in the cellular layers of the hippocampus
    and in layers II-III of the isocortex. Large VGLUT3-labelled boutons at the border
    of strata radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare in the CA1 area were negative for
    GAD, but were labelled for vesicular monoamine transporter type 2, plasmalemmal
    serotonin transporter or serotonin. No colocalization was found in terminals between
    VGLUT3 and parvalbumin, vesicular acetylcholine transporter and group III (mGluR7a,b;
    mGluR8a,b) metabotropic glutamate receptors. In stratum radiatum and the isocortex,
    VGLUT3-positive but GAD-negative boutons heavily innervated the soma and proximal
    dendrites of some VGLUT3- or calbindin-positive interneurons. The results suggest
    that boutons coexpressing VGLUT3, CCK and GAD originate from CCK-positive basket
    cells, which are VIP-immunonegative. Other VGLUT3-positive boutons immunopositive
    for serotonergic markers but negative for GAD probably originate from the median
    raphe nucleus and innervate select interneurons. The presumed amino acid substrate
    of VGLUT3 may act on presynaptic kainate or group II metabotropic glutamate receptors.
author:
- first_name: Jozsef
  full_name: Somogyi, Jozsef
  last_name: Somogyi
- first_name: Agnès
  full_name: Baude, Agnès
  last_name: Baude
- first_name: Yuko
  full_name: Omori, Yuko
  last_name: Omori
- first_name: Hidemi
  full_name: Shimizu, Hidemi
  last_name: Shimizu
- first_name: Salah
  full_name: El-Mestikawy, Salah
  last_name: El Mestikawy
- first_name: Masahiro
  full_name: Fukaya, Masahiro
  last_name: Fukaya
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Ryuichi Shigemoto
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Masahiko
  full_name: Watanabe, Masahiko
  last_name: Watanabe
- first_name: Péter
  full_name: Somogyi, Péter
  last_name: Somogyi
citation:
  ama: Somogyi J, Baude A, Omori Y, et al. GABAergic basket cells expressing cholecystokinin
    contain vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGLUT3) in their synaptic terminals
    in hippocampus and isocortex of the rat. <i>European Journal of Neuroscience</i>.
    2004;19(3):552-569. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2003.03091.x">10.1111/j.0953-816X.2003.03091.x</a>
  apa: Somogyi, J., Baude, A., Omori, Y., Shimizu, H., El Mestikawy, S., Fukaya, M.,
    … Somogyi, P. (2004). GABAergic basket cells expressing cholecystokinin contain
    vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGLUT3) in their synaptic terminals in
    hippocampus and isocortex of the rat. <i>European Journal of Neuroscience</i>.
    Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2003.03091.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2003.03091.x</a>
  chicago: Somogyi, Jozsef, Agnès Baude, Yuko Omori, Hidemi Shimizu, Salah El Mestikawy,
    Masahiro Fukaya, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Masahiko Watanabe, and Péter Somogyi. “GABAergic
    Basket Cells Expressing Cholecystokinin Contain Vesicular Glutamate Transporter
    Type 3 (VGLUT3) in Their Synaptic Terminals in Hippocampus and Isocortex of the
    Rat.” <i>European Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2003.03091.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2003.03091.x</a>.
  ieee: J. Somogyi <i>et al.</i>, “GABAergic basket cells expressing cholecystokinin
    contain vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGLUT3) in their synaptic terminals
    in hippocampus and isocortex of the rat,” <i>European Journal of Neuroscience</i>,
    vol. 19, no. 3. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 552–569, 2004.
  ista: Somogyi J, Baude A, Omori Y, Shimizu H, El Mestikawy S, Fukaya M, Shigemoto
    R, Watanabe M, Somogyi P. 2004. GABAergic basket cells expressing cholecystokinin
    contain vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGLUT3) in their synaptic terminals
    in hippocampus and isocortex of the rat. European Journal of Neuroscience. 19(3),
    552–569.
  mla: Somogyi, Jozsef, et al. “GABAergic Basket Cells Expressing Cholecystokinin
    Contain Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Type 3 (VGLUT3) in Their Synaptic Terminals
    in Hippocampus and Isocortex of the Rat.” <i>European Journal of Neuroscience</i>,
    vol. 19, no. 3, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, pp. 552–69, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2003.03091.x">10.1111/j.0953-816X.2003.03091.x</a>.
  short: J. Somogyi, A. Baude, Y. Omori, H. Shimizu, S. El Mestikawy, M. Fukaya, R.
    Shigemoto, M. Watanabe, P. Somogyi, European Journal of Neuroscience 19 (2004)
    552–569.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:49Z
date_published: 2004-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:58:44Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1111/j.0953-816X.2003.03091.x
extern: 1
intvolume: '        19'
issue: '3'
month: '02'
page: 552 - 569
publication: European Journal of Neuroscience
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '4260'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: GABAergic basket cells expressing cholecystokinin contain vesicular glutamate
  transporter type 3 (VGLUT3) in their synaptic terminals in hippocampus and isocortex
  of the rat
type: journal_article
volume: 19
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2640'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents (Ih) contribute to various physiological
    properties and functions in the brain, including neuronal pacemaker activity,
    setting of resting membrane potential, and dendritic integration of synaptic input.
    Four subunits of the Hyperpolarization-activated and Cyclic-Nucleotide-gated nonselective
    cation channels (HCN1-4), which generate Ih, have been cloned recently. To better
    understand the functional diversity of Ih in the brain, we examined precise immunohistochemical
    localization of four HCNs in the rat brain. Immunoreactivity for HCN1 showed predominantly
    cortical distribution, being intense in the neocortex, hippocampus, superior colliculus,
    and cerebellum, whereas those for HCN3 and HCN4 exhibited subcortical distribution
    mainly concentrated in the hypothalamus and thalamus, respectively. Immunoreactivity
    for HCN2 had a widespread distribution throughout the brain. Double immunofluorescence
    revealed colocalization of immunoreactivity for HCN1 and HCN2 in distal dendrites
    of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus and neocortex. At the electron microscopic
    level, immunogold particles for HCN1 and HCN2 had similar distribution patterns
    along plasma membrane of dendritic shafts in layer I of the neocortex and stratum
    lacunosum moleculare of the hippocampal CA1 area, suggesting that these subunits
    could form heteromeric channels. Our results further indicate that HCNs are localized
    not only in somato-dendritic compartments but also in axonal compartments of neurons.
    Immunoreactivity for HCNs often occurred in preterminal rather than terminal portions
    of axons and in specific populations of myelinated axons. We also found HCN2-immunopositive
    oligodendrocytes including perineuronal oligodendrocytes throughout the brain.
    These results support previous electrophysiological findings and further suggest
    unexpected roles of Ih channels in the brain.
author:
- first_name: Takuya
  full_name: Notomi, Takuya
  last_name: Notomi
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Ryuichi Shigemoto
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
citation:
  ama: Notomi T, Shigemoto R. Immunohistochemical localization of Ih channel subunits,
    HCN1-4, in the rat brain. <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>. 2004;471(3):241-276.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.11039">10.1002/cne.11039</a>
  apa: Notomi, T., &#38; Shigemoto, R. (2004). Immunohistochemical localization of
    Ih channel subunits, HCN1-4, in the rat brain. <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>.
    Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.11039">https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.11039</a>
  chicago: Notomi, Takuya, and Ryuichi Shigemoto. “Immunohistochemical Localization
    of Ih Channel Subunits, HCN1-4, in the Rat Brain.” <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>.
    Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.11039">https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.11039</a>.
  ieee: T. Notomi and R. Shigemoto, “Immunohistochemical localization of Ih channel
    subunits, HCN1-4, in the rat brain,” <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>,
    vol. 471, no. 3. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 241–276, 2004.
  ista: Notomi T, Shigemoto R. 2004. Immunohistochemical localization of Ih channel
    subunits, HCN1-4, in the rat brain. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 471(3),
    241–276.
  mla: Notomi, Takuya, and Ryuichi Shigemoto. “Immunohistochemical Localization of
    Ih Channel Subunits, HCN1-4, in the Rat Brain.” <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>,
    vol. 471, no. 3, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, pp. 241–76, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.11039">10.1002/cne.11039</a>.
  short: T. Notomi, R. Shigemoto, Journal of Comparative Neurology 471 (2004) 241–276.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:49Z
date_published: 2004-04-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:58:45Z
day: '05'
doi: 10.1002/cne.11039
extern: 1
intvolume: '       471'
issue: '3'
month: '04'
page: 241 - 276
publication: Journal of Comparative Neurology
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '4258'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Immunohistochemical localization of Ih channel subunits, HCN1-4, in the rat
  brain
type: journal_article
volume: 471
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2641'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The Na+-K+ pump current (Ip) and the h-current (Ih) flowing through hyperpolarization-activated
    channels (h-channels) participate in generating the resting potential. These two
    currents are thought to be produced independently. We show here bidirectional
    interactions between Na+-K+ pumps and h-channels in mesencephalic trigeminal neurons.
    Activation of Ih leads to the generation of two types of ouabain-sensitive Ip
    with temporal profiles similar to those of instantaneous and slow components of
    I h, presumably reflecting Na+ transients in a restricted cellular space. Moreover,
    the Ip activated by instantaneous I h can facilitate the subsequent activation
    of slow Ih. Such counteractive and cooperative interactions were also disclosed
    by replacing extracellular Na+ with Li+, which is permeant through h-channels
    but does not stimulate the Na+-K+ pump as strongly as Na+ ions. These observations
    indicate that the interactions are bidirectional and mediated by Na+ ions. Also
    after substitution of extracellular Na+ with Li+, the tail Ih was reduced markedly
    despite an enhancement of Ih itself, attributable to a negative shift of the reversal
    potential for I h presumably caused by intracellular accumulation of Li+ ions.
    This suggests the presence of a microdomain where the interactions can take place.
    Thus, the bidirectional interactions between Na+-K + pumps and h-channels are
    likely to be mediated by Na+ microdomain. Consistent with these findings, hyperpolarization-activated
    and cyclic nucleotide-modulated subunits (HCN1/2) and the Na+-K + pump α3 isoform
    were colocalized in plasma membrane of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons having
    numerous spines.
author:
- first_name: Youngnam
  full_name: Kang, Youngnam
  last_name: Kang
- first_name: Takuya
  full_name: Notomi, Takuya
  last_name: Notomi
- first_name: Mitsuru
  full_name: Saito, Mitsuru
  last_name: Saito
- first_name: Wei
  full_name: Zhang, Wei
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Ryuichi Shigemoto
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
citation:
  ama: Kang Y, Notomi T, Saito M, Zhang W, Shigemoto R. Bidirectional interactions
    between H-channels and Na+-K + pumps in mesencephalic trigeminal neurons. <i>Journal
    of Neuroscience</i>. 2004;24(14):3694-3702. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5641-03.2004">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5641-03.2004</a>
  apa: Kang, Y., Notomi, T., Saito, M., Zhang, W., &#38; Shigemoto, R. (2004). Bidirectional
    interactions between H-channels and Na+-K + pumps in mesencephalic trigeminal
    neurons. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5641-03.2004">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5641-03.2004</a>
  chicago: Kang, Youngnam, Takuya Notomi, Mitsuru Saito, Wei Zhang, and Ryuichi Shigemoto.
    “Bidirectional Interactions between H-Channels and Na+-K + Pumps in Mesencephalic
    Trigeminal Neurons.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience,
    2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5641-03.2004">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5641-03.2004</a>.
  ieee: Y. Kang, T. Notomi, M. Saito, W. Zhang, and R. Shigemoto, “Bidirectional interactions
    between H-channels and Na+-K + pumps in mesencephalic trigeminal neurons,” <i>Journal
    of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 24, no. 14. Society for Neuroscience, pp. 3694–3702,
    2004.
  ista: Kang Y, Notomi T, Saito M, Zhang W, Shigemoto R. 2004. Bidirectional interactions
    between H-channels and Na+-K + pumps in mesencephalic trigeminal neurons. Journal
    of Neuroscience. 24(14), 3694–3702.
  mla: Kang, Youngnam, et al. “Bidirectional Interactions between H-Channels and Na+-K
    + Pumps in Mesencephalic Trigeminal Neurons.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>,
    vol. 24, no. 14, Society for Neuroscience, 2004, pp. 3694–702, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5641-03.2004">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5641-03.2004</a>.
  short: Y. Kang, T. Notomi, M. Saito, W. Zhang, R. Shigemoto, Journal of Neuroscience
    24 (2004) 3694–3702.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:49Z
date_published: 2004-04-07T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:58:45Z
day: '07'
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5641-03.2004
extern: 1
intvolume: '        24'
issue: '14'
month: '04'
page: 3694 - 3702
publication: Journal of Neuroscience
publication_status: published
publisher: Society for Neuroscience
publist_id: '4257'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Bidirectional interactions between H-channels and Na+-K + pumps in mesencephalic
  trigeminal neurons
type: journal_article
volume: 24
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2642'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In the hippocampal CA1 region, metabotropic glutamate subtype 1 (mGluR1) receptors
    have been implicated in a variety of physiological responses to glutamate, which
    include modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity, as well as neuronal
    excitability and synchronization. The mGluR1α isoform is characteristically expressed
    only by nonprincipal cells, and it is particularly enriched in somatostatin (SS
    -containing interneurons in stratum oriens-alveus. Anatomical and physiological
    data have indicated the presence of mGluR1α in several distinct classes of interneurons
    with their somata located also in strata pyramidale, radiatum, and lacunosum moleculare.
    Each different interneuron subtype, as defined by functionally relevant criteria,
    including input/output characteristics and expression of selective molecular markers,
    subserves distinct functions in local hippocampal circuits. We have investigated
    which of the different CA1 interneuron classes express mGluR1α by immunofluorescent
    labeling, combining antibodies to mGluR1α, calcium-binding proteins, and neuropeptides,
    and by intracellular labeling in vitro. Several types of interneuron that are
    immunopositive for mGluR1α each targeted different domains of pyramidal cells
    and included (1) O-LM interneurons, found to coexpress both SS and parvalbumin
    (PV); (2) interneurons with target selectivity for other interneurons, expressing
    vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and/or the calcium-binding protein calretinin;
    (3) procholecystokinin-immunopositive interneurons probably non-basket and dendrite-targeting;
    and (4) an as-yet unidentified SS-immunoreactive but PV-immunonegative interneuron
    class, possibly corresponding to oriensbistratified cells. Estimation of the relative
    proportion of mGluR1α-positive interneurons showed 43%, 46%, and 30% co-labeling
    with SS, VIP, or PV, respectively. The identification of the specific subclasses
    of CA1 interneurons expressing mGluR1α provides the network basis for assessing
    the contribution of this receptor to the excitability of the hippocampus.
author:
- first_name: Francesco
  full_name: Ferraguti, Francesco
  last_name: Ferraguti
- first_name: Philip
  full_name: Cobden, Philip M
  last_name: Cobden
- first_name: Marie
  full_name: Pollard, Marie
  last_name: Pollard
- first_name: David
  full_name: Cope, David W
  last_name: Cope
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Ryuichi Shigemoto
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Masahiko
  full_name: Watanabe, Masahiko
  last_name: Watanabe
- first_name: Péter
  full_name: Somogyi, Péter
  last_name: Somogyi
citation:
  ama: Ferraguti F, Cobden P, Pollard M, et al. Immunolocalization of metabotropic
    glutamate receptor 1α (mGluR1α) in distinct classes of interneuron in the CA1
    region of the rat hippocampus. <i>Hippocampus</i>. 2004;14(2):193-215. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.10163">10.1002/hipo.10163</a>
  apa: Ferraguti, F., Cobden, P., Pollard, M., Cope, D., Shigemoto, R., Watanabe,
    M., &#38; Somogyi, P. (2004). Immunolocalization of metabotropic glutamate receptor
    1α (mGluR1α) in distinct classes of interneuron in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus.
    <i>Hippocampus</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.10163">https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.10163</a>
  chicago: Ferraguti, Francesco, Philip Cobden, Marie Pollard, David Cope, Ryuichi
    Shigemoto, Masahiko Watanabe, and Péter Somogyi. “Immunolocalization of Metabotropic
    Glutamate Receptor 1α (MGluR1α) in Distinct Classes of Interneuron in the CA1
    Region of the Rat Hippocampus.” <i>Hippocampus</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.10163">https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.10163</a>.
  ieee: F. Ferraguti <i>et al.</i>, “Immunolocalization of metabotropic glutamate
    receptor 1α (mGluR1α) in distinct classes of interneuron in the CA1 region of
    the rat hippocampus,” <i>Hippocampus</i>, vol. 14, no. 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp.
    193–215, 2004.
  ista: Ferraguti F, Cobden P, Pollard M, Cope D, Shigemoto R, Watanabe M, Somogyi
    P. 2004. Immunolocalization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1α (mGluR1α) in
    distinct classes of interneuron in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. Hippocampus.
    14(2), 193–215.
  mla: Ferraguti, Francesco, et al. “Immunolocalization of Metabotropic Glutamate
    Receptor 1α (MGluR1α) in Distinct Classes of Interneuron in the CA1 Region of
    the Rat Hippocampus.” <i>Hippocampus</i>, vol. 14, no. 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004,
    pp. 193–215, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.10163">10.1002/hipo.10163</a>.
  short: F. Ferraguti, P. Cobden, M. Pollard, D. Cope, R. Shigemoto, M. Watanabe,
    P. Somogyi, Hippocampus 14 (2004) 193–215.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:50Z
date_published: 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:58:46Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1002/hipo.10163
extern: 1
intvolume: '        14'
issue: '2'
month: '01'
page: 193 - 215
publication: Hippocampus
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '4256'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Immunolocalization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1α (mGluR1α) in distinct
  classes of interneuron in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus
type: journal_article
volume: 14
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2643'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAB) are involved in pre- and
    postsynaptic inhibitory effects upon auditory neurons and have been implicated
    in different aspects of acoustic information processing. To understand better
    the mechanisms by which GABAB receptors mediate their inhibitory effects, we used
    pre-embedding immunocytochemical techniques combined with quantification of immunogold
    particles to reveal the precise subcellular distribution of the GABAB1 subunit
    in the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus. At the light microscopic level, GABAB1 was
    detected in all divisions of the cochlear complex. The most intense immunoreactivity
    for GABAB1 was found in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, whereas immunoreactivity
    in the anteroventral and posteroventral cochlear nuclei was very low. In the dorsal
    cochlear nucleus, a punctate labeling was observed in the superficial (molecular
    and fusiform cell) layers. At the electron microscopic level, GABAB1 was found
    at both post- and presynaptic locations. Postsynaptically, GABAB1 was localized
    mainly in the dendritic spines of presumed fusiform cells. Quantitative immunogold
    immunocytochemistry revealed that the highest concentration of GABA B1 in the
    plasma membrane was in dendritic spines, followed by dendritic shafts and somata.
    Thus, the most intense immunoreactivity for GABAB1 was observed in dendritic spines
    with a high density of immunogold particles at extrasynaptic sites, peaking around
    300 nm from glutamatergic synapses. This is in contrast to GABAergic synapses,
    in which GABAB1 was only occasionally found. Presynaptically, receptor immunoreactivity
    was detected primarily in axospinous endings, probably from granule cells, in
    both the active zone and extrasynaptic sites. The localization of GABAB1 relative
    to synaptic sites in the DCN suggests a role for the receptor in the regulation
    of dendritic excitability and excitatory inputs.
author:
- first_name: Rafael
  full_name: Luján, Rafael
  last_name: Luján
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Ryuichi Shigemoto
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Ákos
  full_name: Kulik, Ákos
  last_name: Kulik
- first_name: José
  full_name: Juíz, José M
  last_name: Juíz
citation:
  ama: Luján R, Shigemoto R, Kulik Á, Juíz J. Localization of the GABAB receptor 1a/b
    subunit relative to glutamatergic synapses in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the
    rat. <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>. 2004;475(1):36-46. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.20160">10.1002/cne.20160</a>
  apa: Luján, R., Shigemoto, R., Kulik, Á., &#38; Juíz, J. (2004). Localization of
    the GABAB receptor 1a/b subunit relative to glutamatergic synapses in the dorsal
    cochlear nucleus of the rat. <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.20160">https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.20160</a>
  chicago: Luján, Rafael, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Ákos Kulik, and José Juíz. “Localization
    of the GABAB Receptor 1a/b Subunit Relative to Glutamatergic Synapses in the Dorsal
    Cochlear Nucleus of the Rat.” <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell,
    2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.20160">https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.20160</a>.
  ieee: R. Luján, R. Shigemoto, Á. Kulik, and J. Juíz, “Localization of the GABAB
    receptor 1a/b subunit relative to glutamatergic synapses in the dorsal cochlear
    nucleus of the rat,” <i>Journal of Comparative Neurology</i>, vol. 475, no. 1.
    Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 36–46, 2004.
  ista: Luján R, Shigemoto R, Kulik Á, Juíz J. 2004. Localization of the GABAB receptor
    1a/b subunit relative to glutamatergic synapses in the dorsal cochlear nucleus
    of the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 475(1), 36–46.
  mla: Luján, Rafael, et al. “Localization of the GABAB Receptor 1a/b Subunit Relative
    to Glutamatergic Synapses in the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus of the Rat.” <i>Journal
    of Comparative Neurology</i>, vol. 475, no. 1, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, pp. 36–46,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.20160">10.1002/cne.20160</a>.
  short: R. Luján, R. Shigemoto, Á. Kulik, J. Juíz, Journal of Comparative Neurology
    475 (2004) 36–46.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:50Z
date_published: 2004-07-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:58:46Z
day: '12'
doi: 10.1002/cne.20160
extern: 1
intvolume: '       475'
issue: '1'
month: '07'
page: 36 - 46
publication: Journal of Comparative Neurology
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '4254'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Localization of the GABAB receptor 1a/b subunit relative to glutamatergic synapses
  in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the rat
type: journal_article
volume: 475
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2644'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The release of GABA in synapses is modulated by presynaptic metabotropic glutamate
    receptors (mGluRs). We tested whether GABA release to identified hippocampal neurons
    is influenced by group III mGluR activation using the agonist L-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric
    acid (L-AP4) on inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) evoked in CA1 interneurons
    and pyramidal cells. In interneurons, characterized with biocytin and immunolabelling
    for somatostatin, evoked IPSCs were depressed by 50 μM L-AP4 (activating mGluR4
    and 8) to 68±6% of control, but they were rarely depressed in pyramidal cells
    (96±4% of control). At 300-500 μM concentration (activating mGluR4, 7 and 8),
    L-AP4 depressed IPSCs in both interneurons (to 70±6%) and pyramidal cells (to
    67±4%). The change in trial-to-trial variability and in paired-pulse depression
    indicated a presynaptic action. In interneurons, the degree of IPSC depression
    was variable (to 9-87%), and a third of IPSCs were not affected by L-AP4. The
    L-AP4-evoked IPSC depression was blocked by LY341495. The depression of IPSCs
    was similar in O-LM cells and other interneurons. The lack of cell-type selectivity
    and the similar efficacy of different concentrations of L-AP4 suggest that several
    group III mGluRs are involved in the depression of IPSCs. Electron microscopic
    immunocytochemistry confirmed that mGluR4, mGluR7a and mGluR8a occur in the presynaptic
    active zone of GABAergic terminals on interneurons, but not on those innervating
    pyramidal cells. The high variability of L-AP4-evoked IPSC suppression is in line
    with the selective expression of presynaptic mGluRs by several distinct types
    of GABAergic neuron innervating each interneuron type.
author:
- first_name: Naoki
  full_name: Kogo, Naoki
  last_name: Kogo
- first_name: Yannis
  full_name: Dalezios, Yannis
  last_name: Dalezios
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Capogna,Marco
  last_name: Capogna
- first_name: Francesco
  full_name: Ferraguti, Francesco
  last_name: Ferraguti
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Ryuichi Shigemoto
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Péter
  full_name: Somogyi, Péter
  last_name: Somogyi
citation:
  ama: Kogo N, Dalezios Y, Capogna M, Ferraguti F, Shigemoto R, Somogyi P. Depression
    of GABAergic input to identified hippocampal neurons by group III metabotropic
    glutamate receptors in the rat. <i>European Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 2004;19(10):2727-2740.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03394.x">10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03394.x</a>
  apa: Kogo, N., Dalezios, Y., Capogna, M., Ferraguti, F., Shigemoto, R., &#38; Somogyi,
    P. (2004). Depression of GABAergic input to identified hippocampal neurons by
    group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat. <i>European Journal of
    Neuroscience</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03394.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03394.x</a>
  chicago: Kogo, Naoki, Yannis Dalezios, Marco Capogna, Francesco Ferraguti, Ryuichi
    Shigemoto, and Péter Somogyi. “Depression of GABAergic Input to Identified Hippocampal
    Neurons by Group III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Rat.” <i>European
    Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03394.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03394.x</a>.
  ieee: N. Kogo, Y. Dalezios, M. Capogna, F. Ferraguti, R. Shigemoto, and P. Somogyi,
    “Depression of GABAergic input to identified hippocampal neurons by group III
    metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat,” <i>European Journal of Neuroscience</i>,
    vol. 19, no. 10. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 2727–2740, 2004.
  ista: Kogo N, Dalezios Y, Capogna M, Ferraguti F, Shigemoto R, Somogyi P. 2004.
    Depression of GABAergic input to identified hippocampal neurons by group III metabotropic
    glutamate receptors in the rat. European Journal of Neuroscience. 19(10), 2727–2740.
  mla: Kogo, Naoki, et al. “Depression of GABAergic Input to Identified Hippocampal
    Neurons by Group III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Rat.” <i>European
    Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 19, no. 10, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, pp. 2727–40,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03394.x">10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03394.x</a>.
  short: N. Kogo, Y. Dalezios, M. Capogna, F. Ferraguti, R. Shigemoto, P. Somogyi,
    European Journal of Neuroscience 19 (2004) 2727–2740.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:50Z
date_published: 2004-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:58:46Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03394.x
extern: 1
intvolume: '        19'
issue: '10'
month: '05'
page: 2727 - 2740
publication: European Journal of Neuroscience
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '4255'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Depression of GABAergic input to identified hippocampal neurons by group III
  metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat
type: journal_article
volume: 19
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2645'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The globus pallidus (GP) is a critical component of the basal ganglia circuitry
    controlling motor behavior. Dysregulation of GP activity has been implicated in
    a number of psychomotor disorders, including Parkinson''s disease (PD), in which
    a cardinal feature of the pathophysiology is an alteration in the pattern and
    synchrony of discharge in GP neurons. Yet the determinants of this activity in
    GP neurons are poorly understood. To help fill this gap, electrophysiological,
    molecular, and computational approaches were used to identify and characterize
    GABAergic GP neurons in tissue slices from rodents. In vitro, GABAergic GP neurons
    generate a regular, autonomous, single-spike pacemaker activity. Hyperpolarization-activated,
    cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channels make an important contribution to
    this process: their blockade with ZD7288 significantly slowed discharge rate and
    decreased its regularity. HCN currents evoked by somatic voltage clamp had fast
    and slow components. Single-cell RT-PCR and immunohistochemical approaches revealed
    robust expression of HCN2 subunits as well as significant levels of HCN1 subunits
    in GABAergic GP neurons. Transient activation of striatal GABAergic input to GP
    neurons led to a resetting of rhythmic discharge that was dependent on HCN currents.
    Simulations suggested that the ability of transient striatal GABAergic input to
    reset pacemaking was dependent on dendritic HCN2/HCN1 channels. Together, these
    studies show that HCN channels in GABAergic GP neurons are key determinants of
    the regularity and rate of pacemaking as well as striatal resetting of this activity,
    implicating HCN channels in the emergence of synchrony in PD.'
author:
- first_name: Savio
  full_name: Chan, Savio
  last_name: Chan
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Ryuichi Shigemoto
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Jeff
  full_name: Mercer, Jeff N
  last_name: Mercer
- first_name: James
  full_name: Surmeier, James D
  last_name: Surmeier
citation:
  ama: Chan S, Shigemoto R, Mercer J, Surmeier J. HCN2 and HCN1 channels govern the
    regularity of autonomous pacemaking and synaptic resetting in globus pallidus
    neurons. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 2004;24(44):9921-9932. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2162-04.2004">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2162-04.2004</a>
  apa: Chan, S., Shigemoto, R., Mercer, J., &#38; Surmeier, J. (2004). HCN2 and HCN1
    channels govern the regularity of autonomous pacemaking and synaptic resetting
    in globus pallidus neurons. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2162-04.2004">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2162-04.2004</a>
  chicago: Chan, Savio, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Jeff Mercer, and James Surmeier. “HCN2
    and HCN1 Channels Govern the Regularity of Autonomous Pacemaking and Synaptic
    Resetting in Globus Pallidus Neurons.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society
    for Neuroscience, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2162-04.2004">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2162-04.2004</a>.
  ieee: S. Chan, R. Shigemoto, J. Mercer, and J. Surmeier, “HCN2 and HCN1 channels
    govern the regularity of autonomous pacemaking and synaptic resetting in globus
    pallidus neurons,” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 24, no. 44. Society for
    Neuroscience, pp. 9921–9932, 2004.
  ista: Chan S, Shigemoto R, Mercer J, Surmeier J. 2004. HCN2 and HCN1 channels govern
    the regularity of autonomous pacemaking and synaptic resetting in globus pallidus
    neurons. Journal of Neuroscience. 24(44), 9921–9932.
  mla: Chan, Savio, et al. “HCN2 and HCN1 Channels Govern the Regularity of Autonomous
    Pacemaking and Synaptic Resetting in Globus Pallidus Neurons.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>,
    vol. 24, no. 44, Society for Neuroscience, 2004, pp. 9921–32, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2162-04.2004">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2162-04.2004</a>.
  short: S. Chan, R. Shigemoto, J. Mercer, J. Surmeier, Journal of Neuroscience 24
    (2004) 9921–9932.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:51Z
date_published: 2004-11-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:58:47Z
day: '03'
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2162-04.2004
extern: 1
intvolume: '        24'
issue: '44'
month: '11'
page: 9921 - 9932
publication: Journal of Neuroscience
publication_status: published
publisher: Society for Neuroscience
publist_id: '4252'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: HCN2 and HCN1 channels govern the regularity of autonomous pacemaking and synaptic
  resetting in globus pallidus neurons
type: journal_article
volume: 24
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2646'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAB) play modulatory roles in
    central synaptic transmission and are involved in controlling neuronal migration
    during development. We used immunohistochemical methods to elucidate the expression
    pattern as well as the cellular and the precise subcellular localization of the
    GABAB1a/b and GABAB2 subunits in the rat hippocampus during prenatal and postnatal
    development. At the light microscopic level, both GABABB1a/b and GABAB2 were expressed
    in the hippocampal primordium from embryonic day E14. During postnatal development,
    immunoreactivity for GABAB1a/b and GABAB2 was distributed mainly in pyramidal
    cells, with discrete GABABB1a/b-immunopositive cell bodies of interneurons present
    throughout the hippocampus. Using double immunofluorescence, we demonstrated that
    during the second week of postnatal development, GABAB1a/b but not GABAB2 was
    expressed in glial cells throughout the hippocampal formation. At the electron
    microscopic level, GABAB1a/b and GABAB2 showed a similar distribution pattern
    during postnatal development. Thus, at all ages the two receptor subunits were
    located postsynaptically in dendritic spines and shafts at extrasynaptic and perisynaptic
    sites in both pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells. We further demonstrated that the
    two subunits were localized presynaptically along the extrasynaptic plasma membrane
    of axon terminals and along the presynaptic active zone in both asymmetrical and,
    to a lesser extent, symmetrical synapses. These results suggest that GABAB receptors
    are widely expressed in the hippocampus throughout development and that GABABB1a/b
    and GABAB2 form both pre- and postsynaptic receptors.
author:
- first_name: Guillermina
  full_name: López-Bendito, Guillermina
  last_name: López Bendito
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Ryuichi Shigemoto
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Ákos
  full_name: Kulik, Ákos
  last_name: Kulik
- first_name: Imre
  full_name: Vida, Imre
  last_name: Vida
- first_name: Alfonso
  full_name: Fairén, Alfonso
  last_name: Fairén
- first_name: Rafael
  full_name: Luján, Rafael
  last_name: Luján
citation:
  ama: López Bendito G, Shigemoto R, Kulik Á, Vida I, Fairén A, Luján R.  Distribution
    of metabotropic GABA receptor subunits GABAB1a/b and GABAB2 in the rat hippocampus
    during prenatal and postnatal development. <i>Hippocampus</i>. 2004;14(7):836-848.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.10221">10.1002/hipo.10221</a>
  apa: López Bendito, G., Shigemoto, R., Kulik, Á., Vida, I., Fairén, A., &#38; Luján,
    R. (2004).  Distribution of metabotropic GABA receptor subunits GABAB1a/b and
    GABAB2 in the rat hippocampus during prenatal and postnatal development. <i>Hippocampus</i>.
    Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.10221">https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.10221</a>
  chicago: López Bendito, Guillermina, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Ákos Kulik, Imre Vida, Alfonso
    Fairén, and Rafael Luján. “ Distribution of Metabotropic GABA Receptor Subunits
    GABAB1a/b and GABAB2 in the Rat Hippocampus during Prenatal and Postnatal Development.”
    <i>Hippocampus</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.10221">https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.10221</a>.
  ieee: G. López Bendito, R. Shigemoto, Á. Kulik, I. Vida, A. Fairén, and R. Luján,
    “ Distribution of metabotropic GABA receptor subunits GABAB1a/b and GABAB2 in
    the rat hippocampus during prenatal and postnatal development,” <i>Hippocampus</i>,
    vol. 14, no. 7. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 836–848, 2004.
  ista: López Bendito G, Shigemoto R, Kulik Á, Vida I, Fairén A, Luján R. 2004.  Distribution
    of metabotropic GABA receptor subunits GABAB1a/b and GABAB2 in the rat hippocampus
    during prenatal and postnatal development. Hippocampus. 14(7), 836–848.
  mla: López Bendito, Guillermina, et al. “ Distribution of Metabotropic GABA Receptor
    Subunits GABAB1a/b and GABAB2 in the Rat Hippocampus during Prenatal and Postnatal
    Development.” <i>Hippocampus</i>, vol. 14, no. 7, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, pp. 836–48,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.10221">10.1002/hipo.10221</a>.
  short: G. López Bendito, R. Shigemoto, Á. Kulik, I. Vida, A. Fairén, R. Luján, Hippocampus
    14 (2004) 836–848.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:51Z
date_published: 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:58:47Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1002/hipo.10221
extern: 1
intvolume: '        14'
issue: '7'
month: '01'
page: 836 - 848
publication: Hippocampus
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '4251'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: ' Distribution of metabotropic GABA receptor subunits GABAB1a/b and GABAB2
  in the rat hippocampus during prenatal and postnatal development'
type: journal_article
volume: 14
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2706'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The Pauli operator describes the energy of a nonrelativistic quantum particle
    with spin in a magnetic field and an external potential. Bounds on the sum of
    the negative eigenvalues are called magnetic Lieb-Thirring (MLT) inequalities.
    The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we prove a new MLT inequality in
    a simple way. Second, we give a short summary of our recent proof of a more refined
    MLT inequality(8) and we explain the differences between the two results and methods.
    The main feature of both estimates, compared to earlier results, is that in the
    large field regime they grow with the optimal (first) power of the strength of
    the magnetic field. As a byproduct of the method, we also obtain optimal upper
    bounds on the pointwise density of zero energy eigenfunctions of the Dirac operator.
author:
- first_name: László
  full_name: László Erdös
  id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Erdös
  orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Solovej, Jan P
  last_name: Solovej
citation:
  ama: Erdös L, Solovej J. Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities with optimal dependence
    on the field strength. <i>Journal of Statistical Physics</i>. 2004;116(1-4):475-506.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037216.45270.1d">10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037216.45270.1d</a>
  apa: Erdös, L., &#38; Solovej, J. (2004). Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities with
    optimal dependence on the field strength. <i>Journal of Statistical Physics</i>.
    Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037216.45270.1d">https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037216.45270.1d</a>
  chicago: Erdös, László, and Jan Solovej. “Magnetic Lieb-Thirring Inequalities with
    Optimal Dependence on the Field Strength.” <i>Journal of Statistical Physics</i>.
    Springer, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037216.45270.1d">https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037216.45270.1d</a>.
  ieee: L. Erdös and J. Solovej, “Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities with optimal
    dependence on the field strength,” <i>Journal of Statistical Physics</i>, vol.
    116, no. 1–4. Springer, pp. 475–506, 2004.
  ista: Erdös L, Solovej J. 2004. Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities with optimal
    dependence on the field strength. Journal of Statistical Physics. 116(1–4), 475–506.
  mla: Erdös, László, and Jan Solovej. “Magnetic Lieb-Thirring Inequalities with Optimal
    Dependence on the Field Strength.” <i>Journal of Statistical Physics</i>, vol.
    116, no. 1–4, Springer, 2004, pp. 475–506, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037216.45270.1d">10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037216.45270.1d</a>.
  short: L. Erdös, J. Solovej, Journal of Statistical Physics 116 (2004) 475–506.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:10Z
date_published: 2004-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:59:10Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037216.45270.1d
extern: 1
intvolume: '       116'
issue: 1-4
month: '08'
page: 475 - 506
publication: Journal of Statistical Physics
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '4190'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequalities with optimal dependence on the field strength
type: journal_article
volume: 116
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2707'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We give a nonrigorous derivation of the nonlinear Boltzmann equation from
    the Schrödinger evolution of interacting fermions. The argument is based mainly
    on the assumption that a quasifree initial state satisfies a property called restricted
    quasifreeness in the weak coupling limit at any later time. By definition, a state
    is called restricted quasifree if the four-point and the eight-point functions
    of the state factorize in the same manner as in a quasifree state.
author:
- first_name: László
  full_name: László Erdös
  id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Erdös
  orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Salmhofer, Manfred
  last_name: Salmhofer
- first_name: Horng
  full_name: Yau, Horng-Tzer
  last_name: Yau
citation:
  ama: Erdös L, Salmhofer M, Yau H. On the quantum Boltzmann equation. <i>Journal
    of Statistical Physics</i>. 2004;116(1-4):367-380. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037224.56191.ed">10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037224.56191.ed</a>
  apa: Erdös, L., Salmhofer, M., &#38; Yau, H. (2004). On the quantum Boltzmann equation.
    <i>Journal of Statistical Physics</i>. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037224.56191.ed">https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037224.56191.ed</a>
  chicago: Erdös, László, Manfred Salmhofer, and Horng Yau. “On the Quantum Boltzmann
    Equation.” <i>Journal of Statistical Physics</i>. Springer, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037224.56191.ed">https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037224.56191.ed</a>.
  ieee: L. Erdös, M. Salmhofer, and H. Yau, “On the quantum Boltzmann equation,” <i>Journal
    of Statistical Physics</i>, vol. 116, no. 1–4. Springer, pp. 367–380, 2004.
  ista: Erdös L, Salmhofer M, Yau H. 2004. On the quantum Boltzmann equation. Journal
    of Statistical Physics. 116(1–4), 367–380.
  mla: Erdös, László, et al. “On the Quantum Boltzmann Equation.” <i>Journal of Statistical
    Physics</i>, vol. 116, no. 1–4, Springer, 2004, pp. 367–80, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037224.56191.ed">10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037224.56191.ed</a>.
  short: L. Erdös, M. Salmhofer, H. Yau, Journal of Statistical Physics 116 (2004)
    367–380.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:11Z
date_published: 2004-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:59:11Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1023/B:JOSS.0000037224.56191.ed
extern: 1
intvolume: '       116'
issue: 1-4
month: '08'
page: 367 - 380
publication: Journal of Statistical Physics
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '4189'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: On the quantum Boltzmann equation
type: journal_article
volume: 116
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2741'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The Pauli operator describes the energy of a nonrelativistic quantum particle
    with spin 1/2 in a magnetic field and an external potential. A new Lieb-Thirring
    type inequality on the sum of the negative eigenvalues is presented. The main
    feature compared to earlier results is that in the large field regime the present
    estimate grows with the optimal (first) power of the strength of the magnetic
    field. As a byproduct of the method, we also obtain an optimal upper bound on
    the pointwise density of zero energy eigenfunctions of the Dirac operator. The
    main technical tools are: (i) a new localization scheme for the square of the
    resolvent of a general class of second order elliptic operators; (ii) a geometric
    construction of a Dirac operator with a constant magnetic field that approximates
    the original Dirac operator in a tubular neighborhood of a fixed field line. The
    errors may depend on the regularity of the magnetic field but they are uniform
    in the field strength.'
author:
- first_name: László
  full_name: László Erdös
  id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Erdös
  orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Solovej, Jan P
  last_name: Solovej
citation:
  ama: Erdös L, Solovej J. Uniform Lieb-Thirring inequality for the three-dimensional
    Pauli operator with a strong non-homogeneous magnetic field. <i>Annales Henri
    Poincare</i>. 2004;5(4):671-741. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-004-0180-x">10.1007/s00023-004-0180-x</a>
  apa: Erdös, L., &#38; Solovej, J. (2004). Uniform Lieb-Thirring inequality for the
    three-dimensional Pauli operator with a strong non-homogeneous magnetic field.
    <i>Annales Henri Poincare</i>. Birkhäuser. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-004-0180-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-004-0180-x</a>
  chicago: Erdös, László, and Jan Solovej. “Uniform Lieb-Thirring Inequality for the
    Three-Dimensional Pauli Operator with a Strong Non-Homogeneous Magnetic Field.”
    <i>Annales Henri Poincare</i>. Birkhäuser, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-004-0180-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-004-0180-x</a>.
  ieee: L. Erdös and J. Solovej, “Uniform Lieb-Thirring inequality for the three-dimensional
    Pauli operator with a strong non-homogeneous magnetic field,” <i>Annales Henri
    Poincare</i>, vol. 5, no. 4. Birkhäuser, pp. 671–741, 2004.
  ista: Erdös L, Solovej J. 2004. Uniform Lieb-Thirring inequality for the three-dimensional
    Pauli operator with a strong non-homogeneous magnetic field. Annales Henri Poincare.
    5(4), 671–741.
  mla: Erdös, László, and Jan Solovej. “Uniform Lieb-Thirring Inequality for the Three-Dimensional
    Pauli Operator with a Strong Non-Homogeneous Magnetic Field.” <i>Annales Henri
    Poincare</i>, vol. 5, no. 4, Birkhäuser, 2004, pp. 671–741, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-004-0180-x">10.1007/s00023-004-0180-x</a>.
  short: L. Erdös, J. Solovej, Annales Henri Poincare 5 (2004) 671–741.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:21Z
date_published: 2004-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:59:24Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s00023-004-0180-x
extern: 1
intvolume: '         5'
issue: '4'
month: '08'
page: 671 - 741
publication: Annales Henri Poincare
publication_status: published
publisher: Birkhäuser
publist_id: '4151'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Uniform Lieb-Thirring inequality for the three-dimensional Pauli operator with
  a strong non-homogeneous magnetic field
type: journal_article
volume: 5
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '2742'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We consider a system of N weakly interacting fermions with a real analytic
    pair interaction. We prove that for a general class of initial data there exists
    a fixed time T such that the difference between the one particle density matrix
    of this system and the solution of the nonlinear Hartree equation is of order
    N−1 for any time t⩽T.
author:
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Elgart, Alexander
  last_name: Elgart
- first_name: László
  full_name: László Erdös
  id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Erdös
  orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Schlein, Benjamin
  last_name: Schlein
- first_name: Horng
  full_name: Yau, Horng-Tzer
  last_name: Yau
citation:
  ama: Elgart A, Erdös L, Schlein B, Yau H. Nonlinear Hartree equation as the mean
    field limit of weakly coupled fermions. <i>Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées</i>.
    2004;83(10):1241-1273. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpur.2004.03.006">10.1016/j.matpur.2004.03.006</a>
  apa: Elgart, A., Erdös, L., Schlein, B., &#38; Yau, H. (2004). Nonlinear Hartree
    equation as the mean field limit of weakly coupled fermions. <i>Journal de Mathématiques
    Pures et Appliquées</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpur.2004.03.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpur.2004.03.006</a>
  chicago: Elgart, Alexander, László Erdös, Benjamin Schlein, and Horng Yau. “Nonlinear
    Hartree Equation as the Mean Field Limit of Weakly Coupled Fermions.” <i>Journal
    de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées</i>. Elsevier, 2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpur.2004.03.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpur.2004.03.006</a>.
  ieee: A. Elgart, L. Erdös, B. Schlein, and H. Yau, “Nonlinear Hartree equation as
    the mean field limit of weakly coupled fermions,” <i>Journal de Mathématiques
    Pures et Appliquées</i>, vol. 83, no. 10. Elsevier, pp. 1241–1273, 2004.
  ista: Elgart A, Erdös L, Schlein B, Yau H. 2004. Nonlinear Hartree equation as the
    mean field limit of weakly coupled fermions. Journal de Mathématiques Pures et
    Appliquées. 83(10), 1241–1273.
  mla: Elgart, Alexander, et al. “Nonlinear Hartree Equation as the Mean Field Limit
    of Weakly Coupled Fermions.” <i>Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées</i>,
    vol. 83, no. 10, Elsevier, 2004, pp. 1241–73, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpur.2004.03.006">10.1016/j.matpur.2004.03.006</a>.
  short: A. Elgart, L. Erdös, B. Schlein, H. Yau, Journal de Mathématiques Pures et
    Appliquées 83 (2004) 1241–1273.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:22Z
date_published: 2004-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:59:24Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2004.03.006
extern: 1
intvolume: '        83'
issue: '10'
month: '10'
page: 1241 - 1273
publication: Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '4150'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Nonlinear Hartree equation as the mean field limit of weakly coupled fermions
type: journal_article
volume: 83
year: '2004'
...
