---
_id: '873'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: New genes commonly appear through complete or partial duplications of pre-existing
genes. Duplications of long DNA segments are constantly produced by rare mutations,
may become fixed in a population by selection or random drift, and are subject
to divergent evolution of the paralogous sequences after fixation, although gene
conversion can impede this process. New data shed some light on each of these
processes. Mutations which involve duplications can occur through at least two
different mechanisms, backward strand slippage during DNA replication and unequal
crossing-over. The background rate of duplication of a complete gene in humans
is 10-9-10-10 per generation, although many genes located within hot-spots of
large-scale mutation are duplicated much more often. Many gene duplications affect
fitness strongly, and are responsible, through gene dosage effects, for a number
of genetic diseases. However, high levels of intrapopulation polymorphism caused
by presence or absence of long, gene-containing DNA segments imply that some duplications
are not under strong selection. The polymorphism to fixation ratios appear to
be approximately the same for gene duplications and for presumably selectively
neutral nucleotide substitutions, which, according to the McDonald-Kreitman test,
is consistent with selective neutrality of duplications. However, this pattern
can also be due to negative selection against most of segregating duplications
and positive selection for at least some duplications which become fixed. Patterns
in post-fixation evolution of duplicated genes do not easily reveal the causes
of fixations. Many gene duplications which became fixed recently in a variety
of organisms were positively selected because the increased expression of the
corresponding genes was beneficial. The effects of gene dosage provide a unified
framework for studying all phases of the life history of a gene duplication. Application
of well-known methods of evolutionary genetics to accumulating data on new, polymorphic,
and fixed duplication will enhance our understanding of the role of natural selection
in the evolution by gene duplication.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kondrashov
orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Alexey
full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
last_name: Kondrashov
citation:
ama: Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications.
Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2006;239(2):141-151. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033
apa: Kondrashov, F., & Kondrashov, A. (2006). Role of selection in fixation
of gene duplications. Journal of Theoretical Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033
chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Role of Selection in Fixation
of Gene Duplications.” Journal of Theoretical Biology. Elsevier, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033.
ieee: F. Kondrashov and A. Kondrashov, “Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications,”
Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 239, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 141–151,
2006.
ista: Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. 2006. Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications.
Journal of Theoretical Biology. 239(2), 141–151.
mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Role of Selection in Fixation of
Gene Duplications.” Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 239, no. 2, Elsevier,
2006, pp. 141–51, doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033.
short: F. Kondrashov, A. Kondrashov, Journal of Theoretical Biology 239 (2006) 141–151.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:57Z
date_published: 2006-03-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:20:47Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 239'
issue: '2'
month: '03'
page: 141 - 151
publication: Journal of Theoretical Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '6773'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications
type: journal_article
volume: 239
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '903'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Background: Carcinogenesis typically involves multiple somatic mutations
in caretaker (DNA repair) and gatekeeper (tumor suppressors and oncogenes) genes.
Analysis of mutation spectra of the tumor suppressor that is most commonly mutated
in human cancers, p53, unexpectedly suggested that somatic evolution of the p53
gene during tumorigenesis is dominated by positive selection for gain of function.
This conclusion is supported by accumulating experimental evidence of evolution
of new functions of p53 in tumors. These findings prompted a genome-wide analysis
of possible positive selection during tumor evolution. Methods: A comprehensive
analysis of probable somatic mutations in the sequences of Expressed Sequence
Tags (ESTs) from malignant tumors and normal tissues was performed in order to
access the prevalence of positive selection in cancer evolution. For each EST,
the numbers of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions were calculated. In
order to identify genes with a signature of positive selection in cancers, these
numbers were compared to: i) expected numbers and ii) the numbers for the respective
genes in the ESTs from normal tissues. Results: We identified 112 genes with a
signature of positive selection in cancers, i.e., a significantly elevated ratio
of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions, in tumors as compared to 37 such
genes in an approximately equal-sized EST collection from normal tissues. A substantial
fraction of the tumor-specific positive-selection candidates have experimentally
demonstrated or strongly predicted links to cancer. Conclusion: The results of
EST analysis should be interpreted with extreme caution given the noise introduced
by sequencing errors and undetected polymorphisms. Furthermore, an inherent limitation
of EST analysis is that multiple mutations amenable to statistical analysis can
be detected only in relatively highly expressed genes. Nevertheless, the present
results suggest that positive selection might affect a substantial number of genes
during tumorigenic somatic evolution.'
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the
National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health/DHHS. FAK is an
NSF Graduate Fellow. We thank Yuri Pavlov for helpful discussions.
author:
- first_name: Vladimir
full_name: Babenko, Vladimir N
last_name: Babenko
- first_name: Malay
full_name: Basu, Malay K
last_name: Basu
- first_name: Fyodor
full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kondrashov
orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Igor
full_name: Rogozin, Igor B
last_name: Rogozin
- first_name: Eugene
full_name: Koonin, Eugene V
last_name: Koonin
citation:
ama: Babenko V, Basu M, Kondrashov F, Rogozin I, Koonin E. Signs of positive selection
of somatic mutations in human cancers detected by EST sequence analysis. BMC
Cancer. 2006;6. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-6-36
apa: Babenko, V., Basu, M., Kondrashov, F., Rogozin, I., & Koonin, E. (2006).
Signs of positive selection of somatic mutations in human cancers detected by
EST sequence analysis. BMC Cancer. BioMed Central. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-36
chicago: Babenko, Vladimir, Malay Basu, Fyodor Kondrashov, Igor Rogozin, and Eugene
Koonin. “Signs of Positive Selection of Somatic Mutations in Human Cancers Detected
by EST Sequence Analysis.” BMC Cancer. BioMed Central, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-36.
ieee: V. Babenko, M. Basu, F. Kondrashov, I. Rogozin, and E. Koonin, “Signs of positive
selection of somatic mutations in human cancers detected by EST sequence analysis,”
BMC Cancer, vol. 6. BioMed Central, 2006.
ista: Babenko V, Basu M, Kondrashov F, Rogozin I, Koonin E. 2006. Signs of positive
selection of somatic mutations in human cancers detected by EST sequence analysis.
BMC Cancer. 6.
mla: Babenko, Vladimir, et al. “Signs of Positive Selection of Somatic Mutations
in Human Cancers Detected by EST Sequence Analysis.” BMC Cancer, vol. 6,
BioMed Central, 2006, doi:10.1186/1471-2407-6-36.
short: V. Babenko, M. Basu, F. Kondrashov, I. Rogozin, E. Koonin, BMC Cancer 6 (2006).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:07Z
date_published: 2006-02-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:47Z
day: '09'
doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-36
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 6'
month: '02'
publication: BMC Cancer
publication_status: published
publisher: BioMed Central
publist_id: '6744'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Signs of positive selection of somatic mutations in human cancers detected
by EST sequence analysis
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
volume: 6
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '9505'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Cytosine methylation, a common form of DNA modification that antagonizes
transcription, is found at transposons and repeats in vertebrates, plants and
fungi. Here we have mapped DNA methylation in the entire Arabidopsis thaliana
genome at high resolution. DNA methylation covers transposons and is present within
a large fraction of A. thaliana genes. Methylation within genes is conspicuously
biased away from gene ends, suggesting a dependence on RNA polymerase transit.
Genic methylation is strongly influenced by transcription: moderately transcribed
genes are most likely to be methylated, whereas genes at either extreme are least
likely. In turn, transcription is influenced by methylation: short methylated
genes are poorly expressed, and loss of methylation in the body of a gene leads
to enhanced transcription. Our results indicate that genic transcription and DNA
methylation are closely interwoven processes.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Zilberman, Daniel
id: 6973db13-dd5f-11ea-814e-b3e5455e9ed1
last_name: Zilberman
orcid: 0000-0002-0123-8649
- first_name: Mary
full_name: Gehring, Mary
last_name: Gehring
- first_name: Robert K.
full_name: Tran, Robert K.
last_name: Tran
- first_name: Tracy
full_name: Ballinger, Tracy
last_name: Ballinger
- first_name: Steven
full_name: Henikoff, Steven
last_name: Henikoff
citation:
ama: Zilberman D, Gehring M, Tran RK, Ballinger T, Henikoff S. Genome-wide analysis
of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers an interdependence between methylation
and transcription. Nature Genetics. 2006;39(1):61-69. doi:10.1038/ng1929
apa: Zilberman, D., Gehring, M., Tran, R. K., Ballinger, T., & Henikoff, S.
(2006). Genome-wide analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers
an interdependence between methylation and transcription. Nature Genetics.
Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1929
chicago: Zilberman, Daniel, Mary Gehring, Robert K. Tran, Tracy Ballinger, and Steven
Henikoff. “Genome-Wide Analysis of Arabidopsis Thaliana DNA Methylation Uncovers
an Interdependence between Methylation and Transcription.” Nature Genetics.
Nature Publishing Group, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1929.
ieee: D. Zilberman, M. Gehring, R. K. Tran, T. Ballinger, and S. Henikoff, “Genome-wide
analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers an interdependence between
methylation and transcription,” Nature Genetics, vol. 39, no. 1. Nature
Publishing Group, pp. 61–69, 2006.
ista: Zilberman D, Gehring M, Tran RK, Ballinger T, Henikoff S. 2006. Genome-wide
analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers an interdependence between
methylation and transcription. Nature Genetics. 39(1), 61–69.
mla: Zilberman, Daniel, et al. “Genome-Wide Analysis of Arabidopsis Thaliana DNA
Methylation Uncovers an Interdependence between Methylation and Transcription.”
Nature Genetics, vol. 39, no. 1, Nature Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 61–69,
doi:10.1038/ng1929.
short: D. Zilberman, M. Gehring, R.K. Tran, T. Ballinger, S. Henikoff, Nature Genetics
39 (2006) 61–69.
date_created: 2021-06-07T12:19:31Z
date_published: 2006-11-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-12-14T09:02:51Z
day: '26'
department:
- _id: DaZi
doi: 10.1038/ng1929
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '17128275'
intvolume: ' 39'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 61-69
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Genetics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1546-1718
issn:
- 1061-4036
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Genome-wide analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers an interdependence
between methylation and transcription
type: journal_article
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 39
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7326'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Often the properties of a single cell are considered as representative for
a complete polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack or even a fuel cell system. In
some cases this comes close, however, in many real cases differences on several
scales become important. Cell interaction phenomena in fuel cell stacks that arise
from inequalities between adjacent cells are investigated in detail experimentally.
For that, a specialized 2-cell stack with advanced localized diagnostics was developed.
The results show that inequalities propagate by electrical coupling, inhomogeneous
cell polarization and inducing in-plane current in the common bipolar plate. The
effects of the different loss-mechanisms are analyzed and quantified. '
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Felix N.
full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
last_name: Büchi
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
last_name: Freunberger
orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Santis, Marco
last_name: Santis
citation:
ama: 'Büchi FN, Freunberger SA, Santis M. What is learned beyond the scale of single
cells? In: ECS Transactions. Vol 3. ECS; 2006:963-968. doi:10.1149/1.2356215'
apa: 'Büchi, F. N., Freunberger, S. A., & Santis, M. (2006). What is learned
beyond the scale of single cells? In ECS Transactions (Vol. 3, pp. 963–968).
Cancun, Mexico: ECS. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2356215'
chicago: Büchi, Felix N., Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Marco Santis. “What
Is Learned beyond the Scale of Single Cells?” In ECS Transactions, 3:963–68.
ECS, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2356215.
ieee: F. N. Büchi, S. A. Freunberger, and M. Santis, “What is learned beyond the
scale of single cells?,” in ECS Transactions, Cancun, Mexico, 2006, vol.
3, no. 1, pp. 963–968.
ista: Büchi FN, Freunberger SA, Santis M. 2006. What is learned beyond the scale
of single cells? ECS Transactions. ECS Meeting vol. 3, 963–968.
mla: Büchi, Felix N., et al. “What Is Learned beyond the Scale of Single Cells?”
ECS Transactions, vol. 3, no. 1, ECS, 2006, pp. 963–68, doi:10.1149/1.2356215.
short: F.N. Büchi, S.A. Freunberger, M. Santis, in:, ECS Transactions, ECS, 2006,
pp. 963–968.
conference:
end_date: 2006-11-03
location: Cancun, Mexico
name: ECS Meeting
start_date: 2006-10-29
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:22:44Z
date_published: 2006-11-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:05Z
day: '03'
doi: 10.1149/1.2356215
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 3'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 963-968
publication: ECS Transactions
publication_status: published
publisher: ECS
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: What is learned beyond the scale of single cells?
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 3
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7327'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Propagation of performance changes to adjacent cells in polymer electrolyte
fuel cell stacks is studied by means of voltage monitoring and local current density
measurements in peripheral cells of the stack. A technical fuel cell stack has
been modified by implementing two independent reactant and coolant supplies in
order to deliberately change the performance of one cell (anomalous cell) and
study the coupling phenomena to adjacent cells (coupling cells), while keeping
the working conditions of the later cell-group unaltered.\r\nTwo anomalies are
studied: (i) air starvation and (ii) thermal anomaly, in a single anomalous cell
in the stack and their coupling to adjacent cells. The results have shown that
anomalies inducing considerable changes in the local current density of the anomalous
cell (such as air starvation) propagate to adjacent cells affecting their performance.
The propagation of local current density changes takes place via the common bipolar
plate due to its finite thickness and in-plane conductivity. Consequently, anomalies
which do not strongly influence the local current density distribution (such as
a thermal anomaly under the studied working conditions) do not propagate to adjacent
cells."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Santis, Marco
last_name: Santis
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
last_name: Freunberger
orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Matthias
full_name: Papra, Matthias
last_name: Papra
- first_name: Alexander
full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
last_name: Büchi
citation:
ama: Santis M, Freunberger SA, Papra M, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. Experimental investigation
of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks. Journal of Power
Sources. 2006;161(2):1076-1083. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007
apa: Santis, M., Freunberger, S. A., Papra, M., Wokaun, A., & Büchi, F. N. (2006).
Experimental investigation of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell
stacks. Journal of Power Sources. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007
chicago: Santis, Marco, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Matthias Papra, Alexander
Wokaun, and Felix N. Büchi. “Experimental Investigation of Coupling Phenomena
in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks.” Journal of Power Sources. Elsevier,
2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007.
ieee: M. Santis, S. A. Freunberger, M. Papra, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi, “Experimental
investigation of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks,”
Journal of Power Sources, vol. 161, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 1076–1083, 2006.
ista: Santis M, Freunberger SA, Papra M, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2006. Experimental
investigation of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks. Journal
of Power Sources. 161(2), 1076–1083.
mla: Santis, Marco, et al. “Experimental Investigation of Coupling Phenomena in
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks.” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 161,
no. 2, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 1076–83, doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007.
short: M. Santis, S.A. Freunberger, M. Papra, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Journal of
Power Sources 161 (2006) 1076–1083.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:22:56Z
date_published: 2006-10-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:06Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 161'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 1076-1083
publication: Journal of Power Sources
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0378-7753
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
status: public
title: Experimental investigation of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel
cell stacks
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 161
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7328'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: An experimental technique for measuring the current density distribution with
a resolution smaller than the channel/rib scale of the flow field in polymer electrolyte
fuel cells (PEFCs) is presented. The electron conductors in a plane perpendicular
to the channel direction are considered as two-dimensional resistors. Hence, the
current density is obtained from the solution of Laplace's equation with the potentials
at current collector and reaction layer as boundary conditions. Using ohmic drop
for calculating the local current, detailed knowledge of all resistances involved
is of prime importance. In particular, the contact resistance between the gas
diffusion layer (GDL) and flow field rib, as well as GDL bulk conductivity, are
strongly dependent on clamping pressure. They represent a substantial amount of
the total ohmic drop and therefore require careful consideration. The detailed
experimental setup as well as the concise procedure for quantitative data evaluation
is described. Finally, the method is applied successfully to a cell operated on
pure oxygen and air up to high current densities. The results show that electrical
and ionic resistances seem to govern the current distribution at low current regimes,
whereas mass transport limitations locally hamper the current production at high
loads.
article_number: A2158
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
last_name: Freunberger
orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Mathias
full_name: Reum, Mathias
last_name: Reum
- first_name: Jörg
full_name: Evertz, Jörg
last_name: Evertz
- first_name: Alexander
full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
last_name: Büchi
citation:
ama: Freunberger SA, Reum M, Evertz J, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. Measuring the current
distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution. Journal of The Electrochemical
Society. 2006;153(11). doi:10.1149/1.2345591
apa: Freunberger, S. A., Reum, M., Evertz, J., Wokaun, A., & Büchi, F. N. (2006).
Measuring the current distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution. Journal
of The Electrochemical Society. The Electrochemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591
chicago: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, Mathias Reum, Jörg Evertz, Alexander Wokaun,
and Felix N. Büchi. “Measuring the Current Distribution in PEFCs with Sub-Millimeter
Resolution.” Journal of The Electrochemical Society. The Electrochemical
Society, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591.
ieee: S. A. Freunberger, M. Reum, J. Evertz, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi, “Measuring
the current distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution,” Journal
of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 153, no. 11. The Electrochemical Society,
2006.
ista: Freunberger SA, Reum M, Evertz J, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2006. Measuring the
current distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution. Journal of The Electrochemical
Society. 153(11), A2158.
mla: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, et al. “Measuring the Current Distribution in
PEFCs with Sub-Millimeter Resolution.” Journal of The Electrochemical Society,
vol. 153, no. 11, A2158, The Electrochemical Society, 2006, doi:10.1149/1.2345591.
short: S.A. Freunberger, M. Reum, J. Evertz, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Journal of
The Electrochemical Society 153 (2006).
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:23:12Z
date_published: 2006-09-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:06Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1149/1.2345591
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 153'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0013-4651
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Measuring the current distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 153
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7329'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: A novel measurement principle for measuring the current distribution in polymer
electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is introduced. It allows, in contrast to all other
known techniques, for the first time for a resolution smaller than the channel/rib
scale of the flow field in PEFCs. The current density is obtained by considering
the electron conductors in the cell as a two-dimensional resistor with the voltage
drop caused by the current. The method was applied to a cell operated on oxygen
up to high current densities. The results show that the ohmic resistances govern
the current distribution in the low current regime, whereas mass transport limitations
hamper the current production under the land at high loads.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
last_name: Freunberger
orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Mathias
full_name: Reum, Mathias
last_name: Reum
- first_name: Alexander
full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
last_name: Büchi
citation:
ama: Freunberger SA, Reum M, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. Expanding current distribution
measurement in PEFCs to sub-millimeter resolution. Electrochemistry Communications.
2006;8(9):1435-1438. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032
apa: Freunberger, S. A., Reum, M., Wokaun, A., & Büchi, F. N. (2006). Expanding
current distribution measurement in PEFCs to sub-millimeter resolution. Electrochemistry
Communications. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032
chicago: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, Mathias Reum, Alexander Wokaun, and Felix
N. Büchi. “Expanding Current Distribution Measurement in PEFCs to Sub-Millimeter
Resolution.” Electrochemistry Communications. Elsevier, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032.
ieee: S. A. Freunberger, M. Reum, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi, “Expanding current
distribution measurement in PEFCs to sub-millimeter resolution,” Electrochemistry
Communications, vol. 8, no. 9. Elsevier, pp. 1435–1438, 2006.
ista: Freunberger SA, Reum M, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2006. Expanding current distribution
measurement in PEFCs to sub-millimeter resolution. Electrochemistry Communications.
8(9), 1435–1438.
mla: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, et al. “Expanding Current Distribution Measurement
in PEFCs to Sub-Millimeter Resolution.” Electrochemistry Communications,
vol. 8, no. 9, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 1435–38, doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032.
short: S.A. Freunberger, M. Reum, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Electrochemistry Communications
8 (2006) 1435–1438.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:23:22Z
date_published: 2006-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:06Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 8'
issue: '9'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 1435-1438
publication: Electrochemistry Communications
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1388-2481
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Expanding current distribution measurement in PEFCs to sub-millimeter resolution
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 8
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7330'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PE fuel cells) working with air at low stoichiometries
(<2.0) and standard electrochemical components show a high degree of inhomogeneity
in the current density distribution over the active area. An inhomogeneous current
density distribution leads to a non-uniform utilization of the active area, which
could negatively affect the time of life of the cells. Furthermore, it is also
believed to lower cell performance. In this work, the homogenization of the current
density, realized by means of tailored cathodes with along-the-air-channel redistributed
catalyst loadings, is investigated. The air stoichiometry range for which a homogenization
of the current density is achieved depends upon the gradient with which the catalyst
is redistributed along the air channel. A gentle increasing catalyst loading profile
homogenizes the current density at relatively higher air stoichiometries, while
a steeper profile is suited better for lower air stoichiometries. The results
show that a homogenization of the current density by means of redistributed catalyst
loading has negative effects on cell performance. Model calculations corroborate
the experimental findings on homogenization of the current density and deliver
an explanation for the decrease in cell performance.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: M.
full_name: Santis, M.
last_name: Santis
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
last_name: Freunberger
orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: A.
full_name: Reiner, A.
last_name: Reiner
- first_name: F.N.
full_name: Büchi, F.N.
last_name: Büchi
citation:
ama: Santis M, Freunberger SA, Reiner A, Büchi FN. Homogenization of the current
density in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by in-plane cathode catalyst gradients.
Electrochimica Acta. 2006;51(25):5383-5393. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008
apa: Santis, M., Freunberger, S. A., Reiner, A., & Büchi, F. N. (2006). Homogenization
of the current density in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by in-plane cathode catalyst
gradients. Electrochimica Acta. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008
chicago: Santis, M., Stefan Alexander Freunberger, A. Reiner, and F.N. Büchi. “Homogenization
of the Current Density in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells by In-Plane Cathode Catalyst
Gradients.” Electrochimica Acta. Elsevier, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008.
ieee: M. Santis, S. A. Freunberger, A. Reiner, and F. N. Büchi, “Homogenization
of the current density in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by in-plane cathode catalyst
gradients,” Electrochimica Acta, vol. 51, no. 25. Elsevier, pp. 5383–5393,
2006.
ista: Santis M, Freunberger SA, Reiner A, Büchi FN. 2006. Homogenization of the
current density in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by in-plane cathode catalyst
gradients. Electrochimica Acta. 51(25), 5383–5393.
mla: Santis, M., et al. “Homogenization of the Current Density in Polymer Electrolyte
Fuel Cells by In-Plane Cathode Catalyst Gradients.” Electrochimica Acta,
vol. 51, no. 25, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 5383–93, doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008.
short: M. Santis, S.A. Freunberger, A. Reiner, F.N. Büchi, Electrochimica Acta 51
(2006) 5383–5393.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:23:34Z
date_published: 2006-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:07Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 51'
issue: '25'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: 5383-5393
publication: Electrochimica Acta
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0013-4686
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Homogenization of the current density in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by
in-plane cathode catalyst gradients
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 51
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7331'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: A previously developed mathematical model for water management and current
density distribution in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFCs) is employed to
investigate the effects of cooling strategies on cell performance. The model describes
a two-dimensional slice through the cell along the channels and through the entire
cell sandwich including the coolant channels and the bipolar plate. Arbitrary
flow arrangements of fuel, oxidant, and coolant stream directions can be described.
Due to the serious impact of temperature on all processes in the PEFC, both the
relative direction of the coolant stream to the gas streams and its mass flow
turns out to significantly affect the cell performance. Besides influencing the
electrochemical reaction and all kinds of mass transfer temperature, variations
predominantly alter the local membrane hydration distribution and subseqently
its conductivity.
article_number: A909
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
last_name: Freunberger
orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Alexander
full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
last_name: Büchi
citation:
ama: 'Freunberger SA, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. In-plane effects in large-scale PEFCs:
II. The influence of cooling strategy on cell performance. Journal of The Electrochemical
Society. 2006;153(5). doi:10.1149/1.2185282'
apa: 'Freunberger, S. A., Wokaun, A., & Büchi, F. N. (2006). In-plane effects
in large-scale PEFCs: II. The influence of cooling strategy on cell performance.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society. The Electrochemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282'
chicago: 'Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, Alexander Wokaun, and Felix N. Büchi.
“In-Plane Effects in Large-Scale PEFCs: II. The Influence of Cooling Strategy
on Cell Performance.” Journal of The Electrochemical Society. The Electrochemical
Society, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282.'
ieee: 'S. A. Freunberger, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi, “In-plane effects in large-scale
PEFCs: II. The influence of cooling strategy on cell performance,” Journal
of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 153, no. 5. The Electrochemical Society,
2006.'
ista: 'Freunberger SA, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2006. In-plane effects in large-scale
PEFCs: II. The influence of cooling strategy on cell performance. Journal of The
Electrochemical Society. 153(5), A909.'
mla: 'Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, et al. “In-Plane Effects in Large-Scale PEFCs:
II. The Influence of Cooling Strategy on Cell Performance.” Journal of The
Electrochemical Society, vol. 153, no. 5, A909, The Electrochemical Society,
2006, doi:10.1149/1.2185282.'
short: S.A. Freunberger, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Journal of The Electrochemical
Society 153 (2006).
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:23:46Z
date_published: 2006-03-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:08Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1149/1.2185282
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 153'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0013-4651
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'In-plane effects in large-scale PEFCs: II. The influence of cooling strategy
on cell performance'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 153
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7332'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: A quasi-two-dimensional, along-the-channel mass and heat-transfer model for
a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEFC) is described and validated against
experimental current distribution data. The model is formulated in a dimensional
manner, i.e., local transport phenomena are treated one-dimensional in through-plane
direction and coupled in-plane by convective transport in the gas and coolant
channels. Thus, a two-dimensional slice running through the repetitive unit of
a cell from the anode channel via membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) and cathode
channel to the coolant channel and from inlet to outlet is modeled. The aim of
the work is to elucidate the influence of operating conditions such as feed gas
humidities and stoichiometric ratios on the along-the-channel current density
distribution and to identify the distinct underlying voltage loss mechanisms.
Furthermore, a complicated technical flow field is modeled by a combination of
co- and counterflow subdomains and compared with experimental current densities.
article_number: A396
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
last_name: Freunberger
orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Santis, Marco
last_name: Santis
- first_name: Ingo A.
full_name: Schneider, Ingo A.
last_name: Schneider
- first_name: Alexander
full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
last_name: Büchi
citation:
ama: Freunberger SA, Santis M, Schneider IA, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. In-plane effects
in large-scale PEMFCs. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2006;153(2).
doi:10.1149/1.2150150
apa: Freunberger, S. A., Santis, M., Schneider, I. A., Wokaun, A., & Büchi,
F. N. (2006). In-plane effects in large-scale PEMFCs. Journal of The Electrochemical
Society. The Electrochemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2150150
chicago: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, Marco Santis, Ingo A. Schneider, Alexander
Wokaun, and Felix N. Büchi. “In-Plane Effects in Large-Scale PEMFCs.” Journal
of The Electrochemical Society. The Electrochemical Society, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2150150.
ieee: S. A. Freunberger, M. Santis, I. A. Schneider, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi,
“In-plane effects in large-scale PEMFCs,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society,
vol. 153, no. 2. The Electrochemical Society, 2006.
ista: Freunberger SA, Santis M, Schneider IA, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2006. In-plane
effects in large-scale PEMFCs. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 153(2),
A396.
mla: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, et al. “In-Plane Effects in Large-Scale PEMFCs.”
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 153, no. 2, A396, The Electrochemical
Society, 2006, doi:10.1149/1.2150150.
short: S.A. Freunberger, M. Santis, I.A. Schneider, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Journal
of The Electrochemical Society 153 (2006).
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:24:00Z
date_published: 2006-01-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:08Z
day: '04'
doi: 10.1149/1.2150150
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 153'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0013-4651
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: In-plane effects in large-scale PEMFCs
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 153
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3152'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The basic concepts of the molecular machinery that mediates cell migration
have been gleaned from cell culture systems. However, the three-dimensional environment
within an organism presents migrating cells with a much greater challenge. They
must move between and among other cells while interpreting multiple attractive
and repulsive cues to choose their proper path. They must coordinate their cell
adhesion with their surroundings and know when to start and stop moving. New insights
into the control of these remaining mysteries have emerged from genetic dissection
and live imaging of germ cell migration in Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse embryos.
In this review, we first describe germ cell migration in cellular and mechanistic
detail in these different model systems. We then compare these systems to highlight
the emerging principles. Finally, we contrast the migration of germ cells with
that of immune and cancer cells to outline the conserved and different mechanisms.
author:
- first_name: Prabhat
full_name: Kunwar, Prabhat S
last_name: Kunwar
- first_name: Daria E
full_name: Daria Siekhaus
id: 3D224B9E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Siekhaus
orcid: 0000-0001-8323-8353
- first_name: Ruth
full_name: Lehmann, Ruth
last_name: Lehmann
citation:
ama: Kunwar P, Siekhaus DE, Lehmann R. In vivo migration A germ cell perspective.
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 2006;22:237-265. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010305.103337
apa: Kunwar, P., Siekhaus, D. E., & Lehmann, R. (2006). In vivo migration A
germ cell perspective. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology.
Annual Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010305.103337
chicago: Kunwar, Prabhat, Daria E Siekhaus, and Ruth Lehmann. “In Vivo Migration
A Germ Cell Perspective.” Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology.
Annual Reviews, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010305.103337.
ieee: P. Kunwar, D. E. Siekhaus, and R. Lehmann, “In vivo migration A germ cell
perspective,” Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, vol. 22.
Annual Reviews, pp. 237–265, 2006.
ista: Kunwar P, Siekhaus DE, Lehmann R. 2006. In vivo migration A germ cell perspective.
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 22, 237–265.
mla: Kunwar, Prabhat, et al. “In Vivo Migration A Germ Cell Perspective.” Annual
Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, vol. 22, Annual Reviews, 2006, pp.
237–65, doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010305.103337.
short: P. Kunwar, D.E. Siekhaus, R. Lehmann, Annual Review of Cell and Developmental
Biology 22 (2006) 237–265.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:42Z
date_published: 2006-06-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:25Z
day: '14'
doi: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010305.103337
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 22'
month: '06'
page: 237 - 265
publication: Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Annual Reviews
publist_id: '3543'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: In vivo migration A germ cell perspective
type: journal_article
volume: 22
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3180'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'One of the most exciting advances in early vision has been the development
of efficient energy minimization algorithms. Many early vision tasks require labeling
each pixel with some quantity such as depth or texture. While many such problems
can be elegantly expressed in the language of Markov Random Fields (MRF''s), the
resulting energy minimization problems were widely viewed as intractable. Recently,
algorithms such as graph cuts and loopy belief propagation (LBP) have proven to
be very powerful: for example, such methods form the basis for almost all the
top-performing stereo methods. Unfortunately, most papers define their own energy
function, which is minimized with a specific algorithm of their choice. As a result,
the tradeoffs among different energy minimization algorithms are not well understood.
In this paper we describe a set of energy minimization benchmarks, which we use
to compare the solution quality and running time of several common energy minimization
algorithms. We investigate three promising recent methods - graph cuts, LBP, and
tree-reweighted message passing - as well as the well-known older iterated conditional
modes (ICM) algorithm. Our benchmark problems are drawn from published energy
functions used for stereo, image stitching and interactive segmentation. We also
provide a general-purpose software interface that allows vision researchers to
easily switch between optimization methods with minimal overhead. We expect that
the availability of our benchmarks and interface will make it significantly easier
for vision researchers to adopt the best method for their specific problems. Benchmarks,
code, results and images are available at http://vision.middlebury.edu/MRF.'
author:
- first_name: Richard
full_name: Szeliski, Richard S
last_name: Szeliski
- first_name: Ramin
full_name: Zabih, Ramin
last_name: Zabih
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Scharstein, Daniel
last_name: Scharstein
- first_name: Olga
full_name: Veksler, Olga
last_name: Veksler
- first_name: Vladimir
full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Aseem
full_name: Agarwala, Aseem
last_name: Agarwala
- first_name: Marshall
full_name: Tappen, Marshall F
last_name: Tappen
- first_name: Carsten
full_name: Rother, Carsten
last_name: Rother
citation:
ama: 'Szeliski R, Zabih R, Scharstein D, et al. A comparative study of energy minimization
methods for Markov random fields. In: Vol 3952. Springer; 2006:16-29. doi:10.1007/11744047_2'
apa: 'Szeliski, R., Zabih, R., Scharstein, D., Veksler, O., Kolmogorov, V., Agarwala,
A., … Rother, C. (2006). A comparative study of energy minimization methods for
Markov random fields (Vol. 3952, pp. 16–29). Presented at the ECCV: European Conference
on Computer Vision, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_2'
chicago: Szeliski, Richard, Ramin Zabih, Daniel Scharstein, Olga Veksler, Vladimir
Kolmogorov, Aseem Agarwala, Marshall Tappen, and Carsten Rother. “A Comparative
Study of Energy Minimization Methods for Markov Random Fields,” 3952:16–29. Springer,
2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_2.
ieee: 'R. Szeliski et al., “A comparative study of energy minimization methods
for Markov random fields,” presented at the ECCV: European Conference on Computer
Vision, 2006, vol. 3952, pp. 16–29.'
ista: 'Szeliski R, Zabih R, Scharstein D, Veksler O, Kolmogorov V, Agarwala A, Tappen
M, Rother C. 2006. A comparative study of energy minimization methods for Markov
random fields. ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision vol. 3952, 16–29.'
mla: Szeliski, Richard, et al. A Comparative Study of Energy Minimization Methods
for Markov Random Fields. Vol. 3952, Springer, 2006, pp. 16–29, doi:10.1007/11744047_2.
short: R. Szeliski, R. Zabih, D. Scharstein, O. Veksler, V. Kolmogorov, A. Agarwala,
M. Tappen, C. Rother, in:, Springer, 2006, pp. 16–29.
conference:
name: 'ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:51Z
date_published: 2006-05-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:37Z
day: '03'
doi: 10.1007/11744047_2
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 3952'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '0'
url: http://research-srv.microsoft.com/pubs/67896/szsvkatr-eccv06.pdf
month: '05'
page: 16 - 29
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3499'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: A comparative study of energy minimization methods for Markov random fields
type: conference
volume: 3952
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3184'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Algorithms for discrete energy minimization play a fundamental role for low-level
vision. Known techniques include graph cuts, belief propagation (BP) and recently
introduced tree-reweighted message passing (TRW). So far, the standard benchmark
for their comparison has been a 4-connected grid-graph arising in pixel-labelling
stereo. This minimization problem, however, has been largely solved: recent work
shows that for many scenes TRW finds the global optimum. Furthermore, it is known
that a 4-connecled grid-graph is a poor stereo model since it does not take occlusions
into account. We propose the problem of stereo with occlusions as a new test bed
for minimization algorithms. This is a more challenging graph since it has much
larger connectivity, and it also serves as a better stereo model. An attractive
feature of this problem is that increased connectivity does not result in increased
complexity of message passing algorithms. Indeed, one contribution of this paper
is to show that sophisticated implementations of BP and TRW have the same time
and memory complexity as that of 4-connecled grid-graph stereo. The main conclusion
of our experimental study is that for our problem graph cut outperforms both TRW
and BP considerably. TRW achieves consistently a lower energy than BP. However,
as connectivity increases the speed of convergence of TRW becomes slower. Unlike
4-connected grids, the difference between the energy of the best optimization
method and the lower bound of TRW appears significant. This shows the hardness
of the problem and motivates future research.'
alternative_title:
- LNCS
author:
- first_name: Vladimir
full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Carsten
full_name: Rother, Carsten
last_name: Rother
citation:
ama: 'Kolmogorov V, Rother C. Comparison of energy minimization algorithms for highly
connected graphs. In: Vol 3952 LNCS. Springer; 2006:1-15. doi:10.1007/11744047_1'
apa: 'Kolmogorov, V., & Rother, C. (2006). Comparison of energy minimization
algorithms for highly connected graphs (Vol. 3952 LNCS, pp. 1–15). Presented at
the ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_1'
chicago: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, and Carsten Rother. “Comparison of Energy Minimization
Algorithms for Highly Connected Graphs,” 3952 LNCS:1–15. Springer, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/11744047_1.
ieee: 'V. Kolmogorov and C. Rother, “Comparison of energy minimization algorithms
for highly connected graphs,” presented at the ECCV: European Conference on Computer
Vision, 2006, vol. 3952 LNCS, pp. 1–15.'
ista: 'Kolmogorov V, Rother C. 2006. Comparison of energy minimization algorithms
for highly connected graphs. ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision, LNCS,
vol. 3952 LNCS, 1–15.'
mla: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, and Carsten Rother. Comparison of Energy Minimization
Algorithms for Highly Connected Graphs. Vol. 3952 LNCS, Springer, 2006, pp.
1–15, doi:10.1007/11744047_1.
short: V. Kolmogorov, C. Rother, in:, Springer, 2006, pp. 1–15.
conference:
name: 'ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:52Z
date_published: 2006-05-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:39Z
day: '03'
doi: 10.1007/11744047_1
extern: 1
main_file_link:
- open_access: '0'
url: http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/67889/paper_eccv06-trw.pdf
month: '05'
page: 1 - 15
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3498'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Comparison of energy minimization algorithms for highly connected graphs
type: conference
volume: 3952 LNCS
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3185'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: This paper describes models and algorithms for the real-time segmentation
of foreground from background layers in stereo video sequences. Automatic separation
of layers from color/contrast or from stereo alone is known to be error-prone.
Here, color, contrast, and stereo matching information are fused to infer layers
accurately and efficiently. The first algorithm, Layered Dynamic Programming (LDP),
solves stereo in an extended six-state space that represents both foreground/background
layers and occluded regions. The stereo-match likelihood is then fused with a
contrast-sensitive color model that is learned on-the-fly and stereo disparities
are obtained by dynamic programming. The second algorithm, Layered Graph Cut (LGC),
does not directly solve stereo. Instead, the stereo match likelihood is marginalized
over disparities to evaluate foreground and background hypotheses and then fused
with a contrast-sensitive color model like the one used in LDP. Segmentation is
solved efficiently by ternary graph cut. Both algorithms are evaluated with respect
to ground truth data and found to have similar performance, substantially better
than either stereo or color/contrast alone. However, their characteristics with
respect to computational efficiency are rather different. The algorithms are demonstrated
in the application of background substitution and shown to give good quality composite
video output.
author:
- first_name: Vladimir
full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Antonio
full_name: Criminisi, Antonio
last_name: Criminisi
- first_name: Andrew
full_name: Blake, Andrew
last_name: Blake
- first_name: Geoffrey
full_name: Cross, Geoffrey
last_name: Cross
- first_name: Carsten
full_name: Rother, Carsten
last_name: Rother
citation:
ama: Kolmogorov V, Criminisi A, Blake A, Cross G, Rother C. Probabilistic fusion
of stereo with color and contrast for bilayer segmentation. IEEE Transactions
on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 2006;28(9):1480-1492. doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193
apa: Kolmogorov, V., Criminisi, A., Blake, A., Cross, G., & Rother, C. (2006).
Probabilistic fusion of stereo with color and contrast for bilayer segmentation.
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193
chicago: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, Antonio Criminisi, Andrew Blake, Geoffrey Cross,
and Carsten Rother. “Probabilistic Fusion of Stereo with Color and Contrast for
Bilayer Segmentation.” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.
IEEE, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193.
ieee: V. Kolmogorov, A. Criminisi, A. Blake, G. Cross, and C. Rother, “Probabilistic
fusion of stereo with color and contrast for bilayer segmentation,” IEEE Transactions
on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 28, no. 9. IEEE, pp. 1480–1492,
2006.
ista: Kolmogorov V, Criminisi A, Blake A, Cross G, Rother C. 2006. Probabilistic
fusion of stereo with color and contrast for bilayer segmentation. IEEE Transactions
on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 28(9), 1480–1492.
mla: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, et al. “Probabilistic Fusion of Stereo with Color and
Contrast for Bilayer Segmentation.” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and
Machine Intelligence, vol. 28, no. 9, IEEE, 2006, pp. 1480–92, doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193.
short: V. Kolmogorov, A. Criminisi, A. Blake, G. Cross, C. Rother, IEEE Transactions
on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 28 (2006) 1480–1492.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:53Z
date_published: 2006-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:39Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.193
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 28'
issue: '9'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '0'
url: http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/67414/criminisi_pami2006.pdf
month: '09'
page: 1480 - 1492
publication: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '3496'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Probabilistic fusion of stereo with color and contrast for bilayer segmentation
type: journal_article
volume: 28
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3186'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We introduce a new approach to modelling gradient flows of contours and surfaces.
While standard variational methods (e.g. level sets) compute local interface motion
in a differential fashion by estimating local contour velocity via energy derivatives,
we propose to solve surface evolution PDEs by explicitly estimating integral motion
of the whole surface. We formulate an optimization problem directly based on an
integral characterization of gradient flow as an infinitesimal move of the (whole)
surface giving the largest energy decrease among all moves of equal size. We show
that this problem can be efficiently solved using recent advances in algorithms
for global hypersurface optimization [4, 2, 11]. In particular, we employ the
geo-cuts method [4] that uses ideas from integral geometry to represent continuous
surfaces as cuts on discrete graphs. The resulting interface evolution algorithm
is validated on some 2D and 3D examples similar to typical demonstrations of level-set
methods. Our method can compute gradient flows of hypersurfaces with respect to
a fairly general class of continuous functional and it is flexible with respect
to distance metrics on the space of contours/surfaces. Preliminary tests for standard
L2 distance metric demonstrate numerical stability, topological changes and an
absence of any oscillatory motion.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
author:
- first_name: Yuri
full_name: Boykov, Yuri
last_name: Boykov
- first_name: Vladimir
full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Cremers, Daniel
last_name: Cremers
- first_name: Andrew
full_name: Delong, Andrew
last_name: Delong
citation:
ama: 'Boykov Y, Kolmogorov V, Cremers D, Delong A. An integral solution to surface
evolution PDEs via geo cuts. In: Vol 3953. Springer; 2006:409-422. doi:10.1007/11744078_32'
apa: 'Boykov, Y., Kolmogorov, V., Cremers, D., & Delong, A. (2006). An integral
solution to surface evolution PDEs via geo cuts (Vol. 3953, pp. 409–422). Presented
at the ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/11744078_32'
chicago: Boykov, Yuri, Vladimir Kolmogorov, Daniel Cremers, and Andrew Delong. “An
Integral Solution to Surface Evolution PDEs via Geo Cuts,” 3953:409–22. Springer,
2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/11744078_32.
ieee: 'Y. Boykov, V. Kolmogorov, D. Cremers, and A. Delong, “An integral solution
to surface evolution PDEs via geo cuts,” presented at the ECCV: European Conference
on Computer Vision, 2006, vol. 3953, pp. 409–422.'
ista: 'Boykov Y, Kolmogorov V, Cremers D, Delong A. 2006. An integral solution to
surface evolution PDEs via geo cuts. ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision,
LNCS, vol. 3953, 409–422.'
mla: Boykov, Yuri, et al. An Integral Solution to Surface Evolution PDEs via
Geo Cuts. Vol. 3953, Springer, 2006, pp. 409–22, doi:10.1007/11744078_32.
short: Y. Boykov, V. Kolmogorov, D. Cremers, A. Delong, in:, Springer, 2006, pp.
409–422.
conference:
name: 'ECCV: European Conference on Computer Vision'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:53Z
date_published: 2006-04-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:39Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1007/11744078_32
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 3953'
month: '04'
page: 409 - 422
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3497'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: An integral solution to surface evolution PDEs via geo cuts
type: conference
volume: 3953
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3188'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'We introduce the term cosegmentation which denotes the task of segmenting
simultaneously the common parts of an image pair. A generative model for cosegmentation
is presented. Inference in the model leads to minimizing an energy with an MRF
term encoding spatial coherency and a global constraint which attempts to match
the appearance histograms of the common parts. This energy has not been proposed
previously and its optimization is challenging and NP-hard. For this problem a
novel optimization scheme which we call trust region graph cuts is presented.
We demonstrate that this framework has the potential to improve a wide range of
research: Object driven image retrieval, video tracking and segmentation, and
interactive image editing. The power of the framework lies in its generality,
the common part can be a rigid/non-rigid object (or scene), observed from different
viewpoints or even similar objects of the same class.'
author:
- first_name: Carsten
full_name: Rother, Carsten
last_name: Rother
- first_name: Vladimir
full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Minka, Thomas P
last_name: Minka
- first_name: Andrew
full_name: Blake, Andrew
last_name: Blake
citation:
ama: 'Rother C, Kolmogorov V, Minka T, Blake A. Cosegmentation of image pairs by
histogram matching - Incorporating a global constraint into MRFs. In: IEEE; 2006:993-1000.
doi:10.1109/CVPR.2006.91'
apa: 'Rother, C., Kolmogorov, V., Minka, T., & Blake, A. (2006). Cosegmentation
of image pairs by histogram matching - Incorporating a global constraint into
MRFs (pp. 993–1000). Presented at the CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,
IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.91'
chicago: Rother, Carsten, Vladimir Kolmogorov, Thomas Minka, and Andrew Blake. “Cosegmentation
of Image Pairs by Histogram Matching - Incorporating a Global Constraint into
MRFs,” 993–1000. IEEE, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.91.
ieee: 'C. Rother, V. Kolmogorov, T. Minka, and A. Blake, “Cosegmentation of image
pairs by histogram matching - Incorporating a global constraint into MRFs,” presented
at the CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2006, pp. 993–1000.'
ista: 'Rother C, Kolmogorov V, Minka T, Blake A. 2006. Cosegmentation of image pairs
by histogram matching - Incorporating a global constraint into MRFs. CVPR: Computer
Vision and Pattern Recognition, 993–1000.'
mla: Rother, Carsten, et al. Cosegmentation of Image Pairs by Histogram Matching
- Incorporating a Global Constraint into MRFs. IEEE, 2006, pp. 993–1000, doi:10.1109/CVPR.2006.91.
short: C. Rother, V. Kolmogorov, T. Minka, A. Blake, in:, IEEE, 2006, pp. 993–1000.
conference:
name: 'CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:54Z
date_published: 2006-07-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:40Z
day: '05'
doi: 10.1109/CVPR.2006.91
extern: 1
month: '07'
page: 993 - 1000
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '3493'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Cosegmentation of image pairs by histogram matching - Incorporating a global
constraint into MRFs
type: conference
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3189'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: This paper presents an algorithm capable of real-time separation of foreground
from background in monocular video sequences. Automatic segmentation of layers
from colour/contrast or from motion alone is known to be error-prone. Here motion,
colour and contrast cues are probabilistically fused together with spatial and
temporal priors to infer layers accurately and efficiently. Central to our algorithm
is the fact that pixel velocities are not needed, thus removing the need for optical
flow estimation, with its tendency to error and computational expense. Instead,
an efficient motion vs non-motion classifier is trained to operate directly and
jointly on intensity-change and contrast. Its output is then fused with colour
information. The prior on segmentation is represented by a second order, temporal,
Hidden Markov Model, together with a spatial MRF favouring coherence except where
contrast is high. Finally, accurate layer segmentation and explicit occlusion
detection are efficiently achieved by binary graph cut. The segmentation accuracy
of the proposed algorithm is quantitatively evaluated with respect to existing
ground-truth data and found to be comparable to the accuracy of a state of the
art stereo segmentation algorithm. Fore-ground/background segmentation is demonstrated
in the application of live background substitution and shown to generate convincingly
good quality composite video.
author:
- first_name: Antonio
full_name: Criminisi, Antonio
last_name: Criminisi
- first_name: Geoffrey
full_name: Cross, Geoffrey
last_name: Cross
- first_name: Andrew
full_name: Blake, Andrew
last_name: Blake
- first_name: Vladimir
full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kolmogorov
citation:
ama: 'Criminisi A, Cross G, Blake A, Kolmogorov V. Bilayer segmentation of live
video. In: Vol 1. IEEE; 2006:53-60. doi:10.1109/CVPR.2006.69'
apa: 'Criminisi, A., Cross, G., Blake, A., & Kolmogorov, V. (2006). Bilayer
segmentation of live video (Vol. 1, pp. 53–60). Presented at the CVPR: Computer
Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.69'
chicago: Criminisi, Antonio, Geoffrey Cross, Andrew Blake, and Vladimir Kolmogorov.
“Bilayer Segmentation of Live Video,” 1:53–60. IEEE, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.69.
ieee: 'A. Criminisi, G. Cross, A. Blake, and V. Kolmogorov, “Bilayer segmentation
of live video,” presented at the CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,
2006, vol. 1, pp. 53–60.'
ista: 'Criminisi A, Cross G, Blake A, Kolmogorov V. 2006. Bilayer segmentation of
live video. CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition vol. 1, 53–60.'
mla: Criminisi, Antonio, et al. Bilayer Segmentation of Live Video. Vol.
1, IEEE, 2006, pp. 53–60, doi:10.1109/CVPR.2006.69.
short: A. Criminisi, G. Cross, A. Blake, V. Kolmogorov, in:, IEEE, 2006, pp. 53–60.
conference:
name: 'CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:54Z
date_published: 2006-07-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:40Z
day: '05'
doi: 10.1109/CVPR.2006.69
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 1'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '0'
url: http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/ablake/papers/ablake/criminisi_cvpr06.pdf
month: '07'
page: 53 - 60
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '3494'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Bilayer segmentation of live video
type: conference
volume: 1
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3190'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Algorithms for discrete energy minimization are of fundamental importance
in computer vision. In this paper, we focus on the recent technique proposed by
Wainwright et al. (Nov. 2005)- tree-reweighted max-product message passing (TRW).
It was inspired by the problem of maximizing a lower bound on the energy. However,
the algorithm is not guaranteed to increase this bound - it may actually go down.
In addition, TRW does not always converge. We develop a modification of this algorithm
which we call sequential tree-reweighted message passing. Its main property is
that the bound is guaranteed not to decrease. We also give a weak tree agreement
condition which characterizes local maxima of the bound with respect to TRW algorithms.
We prove that our algorithm has a limit point that achieves weak tree agreement.
Finally, we show that, our algorithm requires half as much memory as traditional
message passing approaches. Experimental results demonstrate that on certain synthetic
and real problems, our algorithm outperforms both the ordinary belief propagation
and tree-reweighted algorithm in (M. J. Wainwright, et al., Nov. 2005). In addition,
on stereo problems with Potts interactions, we obtain a lower energy than graph
cuts.
author:
- first_name: Vladimir
full_name: Vladimir Kolmogorov
id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kolmogorov
citation:
ama: Kolmogorov V. Convergent tree reweighted message passing for energy minimization.
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 2006;28(10):1568-1583.
doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200
apa: Kolmogorov, V. (2006). Convergent tree reweighted message passing for energy
minimization. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.
IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200
chicago: Kolmogorov, Vladimir. “Convergent Tree Reweighted Message Passing for Energy
Minimization.” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.
IEEE, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200.
ieee: V. Kolmogorov, “Convergent tree reweighted message passing for energy minimization,”
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 28,
no. 10. IEEE, pp. 1568–1583, 2006.
ista: Kolmogorov V. 2006. Convergent tree reweighted message passing for energy
minimization. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.
28(10), 1568–1583.
mla: Kolmogorov, Vladimir. “Convergent Tree Reweighted Message Passing for Energy
Minimization.” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,
vol. 28, no. 10, IEEE, 2006, pp. 1568–83, doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200.
short: V. Kolmogorov, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
28 (2006) 1568–1583.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:55Z
date_published: 2006-08-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:41Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.200
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 28'
issue: '10'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '0'
url: http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/67371/trw_maxproduct_aistats05.pdf
month: '08'
page: 1568 - 1583
publication: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '3495'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Convergent tree reweighted message passing for energy minimization
type: journal_article
volume: 28
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3214'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: |-
The Feistel-network is a popular structure underlying many block-ciphers where the cipher is constructed from many simpler rounds, each defined by some function which is derived from the secret key.
Luby and Rackoff showed that the three-round Feistel-network – each round instantiated with a pseudorandom function secure against adaptive chosen plaintext attacks (CPA) – is a CPA secure pseudorandom permutation, thus giving some confidence in the soundness of using a Feistel-network to design block-ciphers.
But the round functions used in actual block-ciphers are – for efficiency reasons – far from being pseudorandom. We investigate the security of the Feistel-network against CPA distinguishers when the only security guarantee we have for the round functions is that they are secure against non-adaptive chosen plaintext attacks (nCPA). We show that in the information-theoretic setting, four rounds with nCPA secure round functions are sufficient (and necessary) to get a CPA secure permutation. Unfortunately, this result does not translate into the more interesting pseudorandom setting. In fact, under the so-called Inverse Decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption the Feistel-network with four rounds, each instantiated with a nCPA secure pseudorandom function, is in general not a CPA secure pseudorandom permutation.
acknowledgement: Most of this work was done while the K. Pietrzak was a PhD student
at ETH where he was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, project
No. 200020- 103847/1. Currently he is partially supported by the Commission of the
European Communities through the IST program under contract IST-2002-507932 ECRYPT.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
author:
- first_name: Ueli
full_name: Maurer, Ueli M
last_name: Maurer
- first_name: Yvonne
full_name: Oswald, Yvonne A
last_name: Oswald
- first_name: Krzysztof Z
full_name: Krzysztof Pietrzak
id: 3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pietrzak
orcid: 0000-0002-9139-1654
- first_name: Johan
full_name: Sjödin, Johan
last_name: Sjödin
citation:
ama: 'Maurer U, Oswald Y, Pietrzak KZ, Sjödin J. Luby Rackoff ciphers from weak
round functions . In: Vol 4004. Springer; 2006:391-408. doi:10.1007/11761679_24'
apa: 'Maurer, U., Oswald, Y., Pietrzak, K. Z., & Sjödin, J. (2006). Luby Rackoff
ciphers from weak round functions (Vol. 4004, pp. 391–408). Presented at the
EUROCRYPT: Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_24'
chicago: Maurer, Ueli, Yvonne Oswald, Krzysztof Z Pietrzak, and Johan Sjödin. “Luby
Rackoff Ciphers from Weak Round Functions ,” 4004:391–408. Springer, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_24.
ieee: 'U. Maurer, Y. Oswald, K. Z. Pietrzak, and J. Sjödin, “Luby Rackoff ciphers
from weak round functions ,” presented at the EUROCRYPT: Theory and Applications
of Cryptographic Techniques, 2006, vol. 4004, pp. 391–408.'
ista: 'Maurer U, Oswald Y, Pietrzak KZ, Sjödin J. 2006. Luby Rackoff ciphers from
weak round functions . EUROCRYPT: Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques,
LNCS, vol. 4004, 391–408.'
mla: Maurer, Ueli, et al. Luby Rackoff Ciphers from Weak Round Functions .
Vol. 4004, Springer, 2006, pp. 391–408, doi:10.1007/11761679_24.
short: U. Maurer, Y. Oswald, K.Z. Pietrzak, J. Sjödin, in:, Springer, 2006, pp.
391–408.
conference:
name: 'EUROCRYPT: Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:02:03Z
date_published: 2006-07-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:51Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1007/11761679_24
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 4004'
month: '07'
page: 391 - 408
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3465'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'Luby Rackoff ciphers from weak round functions '
type: conference
volume: 4004
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '3215'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Most cryptographic primitives such as encryption, authentication or secret
sharing require randomness. Usually one assumes that perfect randomness is available,
but those primitives might also be realized under weaker assumptions. In this
work we continue the study of building secure cryptographic primitives from imperfect
random sources initiated by Dodis and Spencer (FOCS’02). Their main result shows
that there exists a (high-entropy) source of randomness allowing for perfect encryption
of a bit, and yet from which one cannot extract even a single weakly random bit,
separating encryption from extraction. Our main result separates encryption from
2-out-2 secret sharing (both in the information-theoretic and in the computational
settings): any source which can be used to achieve one-bit encryption also can
be used for 2-out-2 secret sharing of one bit, but the converse is false, even
for high-entropy sources. Therefore, possibility of extraction strictly implies
encryption, which in turn strictly implies 2-out-2 secret sharing.'
acknowledgement: Supported in part by NSF career award CCR-0133806 and NSF grant CCR-0311095.
Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, project No. 200020-103847/1.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
author:
- first_name: Yevgeniy
full_name: Dodis, Yevgeniy
last_name: Dodis
- first_name: Krzysztof Z
full_name: Krzysztof Pietrzak
id: 3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Pietrzak
orcid: 0000-0002-9139-1654
- first_name: Bartosz
full_name: Przydatek, Bartosz
last_name: Przydatek
citation:
ama: 'Dodis Y, Pietrzak KZ, Przydatek B. Separating sources for encryption and secret
sharing. In: Vol 3876. Springer; 2006:601-616. doi:10.1007/11681878_31'
apa: 'Dodis, Y., Pietrzak, K. Z., & Przydatek, B. (2006). Separating sources
for encryption and secret sharing (Vol. 3876, pp. 601–616). Presented at the TCC:
Theory of Cryptography Conference, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/11681878_31'
chicago: Dodis, Yevgeniy, Krzysztof Z Pietrzak, and Bartosz Przydatek. “Separating
Sources for Encryption and Secret Sharing,” 3876:601–16. Springer, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/11681878_31.
ieee: 'Y. Dodis, K. Z. Pietrzak, and B. Przydatek, “Separating sources for encryption
and secret sharing,” presented at the TCC: Theory of Cryptography Conference,
2006, vol. 3876, pp. 601–616.'
ista: 'Dodis Y, Pietrzak KZ, Przydatek B. 2006. Separating sources for encryption
and secret sharing. TCC: Theory of Cryptography Conference, LNCS, vol. 3876, 601–616.'
mla: Dodis, Yevgeniy, et al. Separating Sources for Encryption and Secret Sharing.
Vol. 3876, Springer, 2006, pp. 601–16, doi:10.1007/11681878_31.
short: Y. Dodis, K.Z. Pietrzak, B. Przydatek, in:, Springer, 2006, pp. 601–616.
conference:
name: 'TCC: Theory of Cryptography Conference'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:02:04Z
date_published: 2006-04-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:41:51Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1007/11681878_31
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 3876'
month: '04'
page: 601 - 616
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '3466'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Separating sources for encryption and secret sharing
type: conference
volume: 3876
year: '2006'
...