---
_id: '1748'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The authors apply selective wet chemical etching and atomic force microscopy
    to reveal the three-dimensional shape of SiGeSi (001) islands after capping with
    Si. Although the "self-assembled quantum dots" remain practically unaffected
    by capping in the temperature range of 300-450 °C, significant morphological changes
    take place on the Si surface. At 450 °C, the morphology of the capping layer (Si
    matrix) evolves toward an intriguing semifacetted structure, which we call a "ziggurat,"
    giving the misleading impression of a stepped SiGe island shape.
author:
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Georgios Katsaros
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
- first_name: Armando
  full_name: Rastelli, Armando
  last_name: Rastelli
- first_name: Mathieu
  full_name: Stoffel, Mathieu
  last_name: Stoffel
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Costantini, Giovanni
  last_name: Costantini
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Schmidt, Oliver G
  last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Kern, Klaus
  last_name: Kern
- first_name: Jerry
  full_name: Tersoff, Jerry
  last_name: Tersoff
- first_name: Elisabeth
  full_name: Müller, Elisabeth
  last_name: Müller
- first_name: Hans
  full_name: Von Känel, Hans
  last_name: Von Känel
citation:
  ama: Katsaros G, Rastelli A, Stoffel M, et al. Evolution of buried semiconductor
    nanostructures and origin of stepped surface mounds during capping. <i>Applied
    Physics Letters</i>. 2006;89(25). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2405876">10.1063/1.2405876</a>
  apa: Katsaros, G., Rastelli, A., Stoffel, M., Costantini, G., Schmidt, O., Kern,
    K., … Von Känel, H. (2006). Evolution of buried semiconductor nanostructures and
    origin of stepped surface mounds during capping. <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>.
    American Institute of Physics. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2405876">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2405876</a>
  chicago: Katsaros, Georgios, Armando Rastelli, Mathieu Stoffel, Giovanni Costantini,
    Oliver Schmidt, Klaus Kern, Jerry Tersoff, Elisabeth Müller, and Hans Von Känel.
    “Evolution of Buried Semiconductor Nanostructures and Origin of Stepped Surface
    Mounds during Capping.” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>. American Institute of
    Physics, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2405876">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2405876</a>.
  ieee: G. Katsaros <i>et al.</i>, “Evolution of buried semiconductor nanostructures
    and origin of stepped surface mounds during capping,” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>,
    vol. 89, no. 25. American Institute of Physics, 2006.
  ista: Katsaros G, Rastelli A, Stoffel M, Costantini G, Schmidt O, Kern K, Tersoff
    J, Müller E, Von Känel H. 2006. Evolution of buried semiconductor nanostructures
    and origin of stepped surface mounds during capping. Applied Physics Letters.
    89(25).
  mla: Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “Evolution of Buried Semiconductor Nanostructures
    and Origin of Stepped Surface Mounds during Capping.” <i>Applied Physics Letters</i>,
    vol. 89, no. 25, American Institute of Physics, 2006, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2405876">10.1063/1.2405876</a>.
  short: G. Katsaros, A. Rastelli, M. Stoffel, G. Costantini, O. Schmidt, K. Kern,
    J. Tersoff, E. Müller, H. Von Känel, Applied Physics Letters 89 (2006).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:48Z
date_published: 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:52:57Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1063/1.2405876
extern: 1
intvolume: '        89'
issue: '25'
month: '01'
publication: Applied Physics Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: American Institute of Physics
publist_id: '5376'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Evolution of buried semiconductor nanostructures and origin of stepped surface
  mounds during capping
type: journal_article
volume: 89
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '17718'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The reionization history of the intergalactic medium at high redshift (z ≳
    6) was likely strongly shaped by several global feedback processes. Because the
    earliest ionizing sources formed at the locations of the rare density peaks, their
    spatial distribution was strongly clustered. Here we demonstrate that this clustering
    significantly boosts the impact of feedback processes operating at high redshift.
    We build a semianalytical model to include feedback and clustering simultaneously
    and apply this model to the suppression of star formation in minihalos due to
    photoionization. The model is built on the excursion-set-based formalism of Furlanetto,
    Zaldarriaga, and Hernquist, which incorporates the clustering of ionizing sources
    and which we here extend to include the suppression of star formation in minihalos.
    We find that clustering increases the mean H II bubble size by a factor of several,
    and it dramatically increases the fraction of minihalos that are suppressed by
    a factor of up to ~60 relative to a randomly distributed population. This enhanced
    suppression can significantly reduce the electron-scattering optical depth τ,
    as required by the 3 year data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe.
    We argue that source clustering is likely to similarly boost the importance of
    a variety of other feedback mechanisms.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Roban Hultman
  full_name: Kramer, Roban Hultman
  last_name: Kramer
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: S. Peng
  full_name: Oh, S. Peng
  last_name: Oh
citation:
  ama: Kramer RH, Haiman Z, Oh SP. Feedback from clustered sources during reionization.
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2006;649(2):570-578. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506906">10.1086/506906</a>
  apa: Kramer, R. H., Haiman, Z., &#38; Oh, S. P. (2006). Feedback from clustered
    sources during reionization. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical
    Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506906">https://doi.org/10.1086/506906</a>
  chicago: Kramer, Roban Hultman, Zoltán Haiman, and S. Peng Oh. “Feedback from Clustered
    Sources during Reionization.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical
    Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506906">https://doi.org/10.1086/506906</a>.
  ieee: R. H. Kramer, Z. Haiman, and S. P. Oh, “Feedback from clustered sources during
    reionization,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 649, no. 2. American Astronomical
    Society, pp. 570–578, 2006.
  ista: Kramer RH, Haiman Z, Oh SP. 2006. Feedback from clustered sources during reionization.
    The Astrophysical Journal. 649(2), 570–578.
  mla: Kramer, Roban Hultman, et al. “Feedback from Clustered Sources during Reionization.”
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 649, no. 2, American Astronomical Society,
    2006, pp. 570–78, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506906">10.1086/506906</a>.
  short: R.H. Kramer, Z. Haiman, S.P. Oh, The Astrophysical Journal 649 (2006) 570–578.
date_created: 2024-09-06T09:02:52Z
date_published: 2006-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-25T13:27:16Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1086/506906
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       649'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1086/506906
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 570-578
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
  - 1538-4357
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Feedback from clustered sources during reionization
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 649
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '17727'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We report on i-band snapshot observations of 157 Sloan Digital Sky Survey
    (SDSS) quasars at 4<z<5.4 using the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble
    Space Telescope (HST) to search for evidence of gravitational lensing of these
    sources. None of the quasars appear to be strongly lensed and multiply imaged
    at the angular resolution (~0.1") and sensitivity of HST. The non-detection of
    strong lensing in these systems constrains the z=4-5 luminosity function to an
    intrinsic slope of beta>-3.8 (3 sigma), assuming a break in the quasar luminosity
    function at M*_145=-24.5. This constraint is considerably stronger than the limit
    of beta>-4.63 obtained from the absence of lensing in four z>5.7 quasars. Such
    constraints are important for our understanding of the true space density of high-redshift
    quasars and the ionization state of the early universe.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Gordon T.
  full_name: Richards, Gordon T.
  last_name: Richards
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: Bartosz
  full_name: Pindor, Bartosz
  last_name: Pindor
- first_name: Michael A.
  full_name: Strauss, Michael A.
  last_name: Strauss
- first_name: Xiaohui
  full_name: Fan, Xiaohui
  last_name: Fan
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Eisenstein, Daniel
  last_name: Eisenstein
- first_name: Donald P.
  full_name: Schneider, Donald P.
  last_name: Schneider
- first_name: Neta A.
  full_name: Bahcall, Neta A.
  last_name: Bahcall
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Brinkmann, J.
  last_name: Brinkmann
- first_name: Masataka
  full_name: Fukugita, Masataka
  last_name: Fukugita
citation:
  ama: Richards GT, Haiman Z, Pindor B, et al. A snapshot survey for gravitational
    lenses among z ≥ 4.0 quasars. II. Constraints on the 4.0 &#60; z &#60; 5.4 quasar
    population. <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>. 2006;131(1):49-54. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498063">10.1086/498063</a>
  apa: Richards, G. T., Haiman, Z., Pindor, B., Strauss, M. A., Fan, X., Eisenstein,
    D., … Fukugita, M. (2006). A snapshot survey for gravitational lenses among z
    ≥ 4.0 quasars. II. Constraints on the 4.0 &#60; z &#60; 5.4 quasar population.
    <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498063">https://doi.org/10.1086/498063</a>
  chicago: Richards, Gordon T., Zoltán Haiman, Bartosz Pindor, Michael A. Strauss,
    Xiaohui Fan, Daniel Eisenstein, Donald P. Schneider, Neta A. Bahcall, J. Brinkmann,
    and Masataka Fukugita. “A Snapshot Survey for Gravitational Lenses among z ≥ 4.0
    Quasars. II. Constraints on the 4.0 &#60; z &#60; 5.4 Quasar Population.” <i>The
    Astronomical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498063">https://doi.org/10.1086/498063</a>.
  ieee: G. T. Richards <i>et al.</i>, “A snapshot survey for gravitational lenses
    among z ≥ 4.0 quasars. II. Constraints on the 4.0 &#60; z &#60; 5.4 quasar population,”
    <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>, vol. 131, no. 1. American Astronomical Society,
    pp. 49–54, 2006.
  ista: Richards GT, Haiman Z, Pindor B, Strauss MA, Fan X, Eisenstein D, Schneider
    DP, Bahcall NA, Brinkmann J, Fukugita M. 2006. A snapshot survey for gravitational
    lenses among z ≥ 4.0 quasars. II. Constraints on the 4.0 &#60; z &#60; 5.4 quasar
    population. The Astronomical Journal. 131(1), 49–54.
  mla: Richards, Gordon T., et al. “A Snapshot Survey for Gravitational Lenses among
    z ≥ 4.0 Quasars. II. Constraints on the 4.0 &#60; z &#60; 5.4 Quasar Population.”
    <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>, vol. 131, no. 1, American Astronomical Society,
    2006, pp. 49–54, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498063">10.1086/498063</a>.
  short: G.T. Richards, Z. Haiman, B. Pindor, M.A. Strauss, X. Fan, D. Eisenstein,
    D.P. Schneider, N.A. Bahcall, J. Brinkmann, M. Fukugita, The Astronomical Journal
    131 (2006) 49–54.
date_created: 2024-09-06T09:13:53Z
date_published: 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-12T09:57:35Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1086/498063
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       131'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1086/498063
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 49-54
publication: The Astronomical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-6256
  - 1538-3881
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: erratum
    url: https://doi.org/10.1086/506907
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A snapshot survey for gravitational lenses among z ≥ 4.0 quasars. II. Constraints
  on the 4.0 < z < 5.4 quasar population
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 131
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '17730'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We model the spectra and surface brightness distributions for the Lyα radiation
    expected from protogalaxies that are caught in the early stages of their assembly.
    We use the results of a companion paper to characterize the radiation emerging
    from spherically collapsing gas clouds. We then modify these spectra to incorporate
    the effect of subsequent resonant scattering in the IGM. Using these models, we
    interpret a number of recent observations of extended Lyα blobs (LABs) at high
    redshift. We suggest, based on the angular size, energetics, relatively shallow
    surface brightness profiles, and double-peaked spectra, that several of these
    LABs may be associated with collapsing protogalaxies. We suggest two follow-up
    observations to diagnose the presence of gas infall. High-S/N spectra of LABs
    should reveal a preferential flattening of the surface brightness profile at the
    red side of the line. Complementary imaging of the blobs at redshifted Hα wavelengths
    should reveal the intrinsic Lyα emissivity and allow its separation from radiative
    transfer effects. We show that Lyα scattering by infalling gas can reproduce the
    observed spectrum of the Steidel et al. LAB2 as accurately as a recently proposed
    outflow model. Finally, we find similar evidence for infall in the spectra of
    pointlike Lyα emitters. The presence of scattering by the infalling gas implies
    that the intrinsic Lyα luminosities and derived quantities, such as the star formation
    rate, in these objects may have been underestimated by about an order of magnitude.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Mark
  full_name: Dijkstra, Mark
  last_name: Dijkstra
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Spaans, Marco
  last_name: Spaans
citation:
  ama: Dijkstra M, Haiman Z, Spaans M. Lyα radiation from collapsing protogalaxies.
    II. Observational evidence for gas infall. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2006;649(1):37-47.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506244">10.1086/506244</a>
  apa: Dijkstra, M., Haiman, Z., &#38; Spaans, M. (2006). Lyα radiation from collapsing
    protogalaxies. II. Observational evidence for gas infall. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506244">https://doi.org/10.1086/506244</a>
  chicago: Dijkstra, Mark, Zoltán Haiman, and Marco Spaans. “Lyα Radiation from Collapsing
    Protogalaxies. II. Observational Evidence for Gas Infall.” <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506244">https://doi.org/10.1086/506244</a>.
  ieee: M. Dijkstra, Z. Haiman, and M. Spaans, “Lyα radiation from collapsing protogalaxies.
    II. Observational evidence for gas infall,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>,
    vol. 649, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp. 37–47, 2006.
  ista: Dijkstra M, Haiman Z, Spaans M. 2006. Lyα radiation from collapsing protogalaxies.
    II. Observational evidence for gas infall. The Astrophysical Journal. 649(1),
    37–47.
  mla: Dijkstra, Mark, et al. “Lyα Radiation from Collapsing Protogalaxies. II. Observational
    Evidence for Gas Infall.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 649, no. 1, American
    Astronomical Society, 2006, pp. 37–47, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506244">10.1086/506244</a>.
  short: M. Dijkstra, Z. Haiman, M. Spaans, The Astrophysical Journal 649 (2006) 37–47.
date_created: 2024-09-06T09:16:08Z
date_published: 2006-09-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-26T07:34:55Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1086/506244
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       649'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1086/506244
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 37-47
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
  - 1538-4357
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Lyα radiation from collapsing protogalaxies. II. Observational evidence for
  gas infall
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 649
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '17733'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We use three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the effects
    of a transient photoionizing ultraviolet (UV) flux on the collapse and cooling
    of pregalactic clouds. These clouds have masses in the range 10^5 -10^7 M_sun,
    form at high redshifts (z>18), are assumed to lie within the short-lived cosmological
    HII regions around the first generation of stars. In addition, we study the combined
    effects of this transient UV flux and a persistent Lyman-Werner (LW) background
    from distant sources. In the absence of a LW background, we find that a critical
    specific intensity of J_UV ~ 0.1 x 10^-21 ergs s^-1 cm^-2 Hz^-1 sr^-1 demarcates
    a transition from net negative to positive feedback for the halo population. A
    weaker UV flux stimulates subsequent star formation inside the fossil HII regions,
    by enhancing the H_2 molecule abundance. A stronger UV flux significantly delays
    star-formation by reducing the gas density, and increasing the cooling time, at
    the centers of collapsing halos. At a fixed J_UV, the sign of the feedback also
    depends strongly on the density of the gas at the time of UV illumination. Regardless
    of the whether the feedback is positive or negative, we find that once the UV
    flux is turned off, its impact stars to diminish after ~30% of the Hubble time.
    In the more realistic case when a LW background is present, with J_LW > 0.01 x
    10^-21 ergs s^-1 cm^-2 Hz^-1 sr^-1, strong suppression persists down to the lowest
    redshift (z=18) in our simulations. Finally, we find evidence that heating and
    photoevaporation by the transient UV flux renders the ~10^6 M_sun halos inside
    fossil HII regions more vulnerable to subsequent H_2 photo-dissociation by a LW
    background.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Andrei
  full_name: Mesinger, Andrei
  last_name: Mesinger
- first_name: Greg L.
  full_name: Bryan, Greg L.
  last_name: Bryan
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
citation:
  ama: Mesinger A, Bryan GL, Haiman Z. Ultraviolet radiative feedback on high‐redshift
    protogalaxies. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2006;648(2):835-851. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506173">10.1086/506173</a>
  apa: Mesinger, A., Bryan, G. L., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2006). Ultraviolet radiative
    feedback on high‐redshift protogalaxies. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American
    Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506173">https://doi.org/10.1086/506173</a>
  chicago: Mesinger, Andrei, Greg L. Bryan, and Zoltán Haiman. “Ultraviolet Radiative
    Feedback on High‐redshift Protogalaxies.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American
    Astronomical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506173">https://doi.org/10.1086/506173</a>.
  ieee: A. Mesinger, G. L. Bryan, and Z. Haiman, “Ultraviolet radiative feedback on
    high‐redshift protogalaxies,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 648, no.
    2. American Astronomical Society, pp. 835–851, 2006.
  ista: Mesinger A, Bryan GL, Haiman Z. 2006. Ultraviolet radiative feedback on high‐redshift
    protogalaxies. The Astrophysical Journal. 648(2), 835–851.
  mla: Mesinger, Andrei, et al. “Ultraviolet Radiative Feedback on High‐redshift Protogalaxies.”
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 648, no. 2, American Astronomical Society,
    2006, pp. 835–51, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506173">10.1086/506173</a>.
  short: A. Mesinger, G.L. Bryan, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal 648 (2006)
    835–851.
date_created: 2024-09-06T09:18:11Z
date_published: 2006-09-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-26T07:47:36Z
day: '10'
doi: 10.1086/506173
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       648'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1086/506173
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 835-851
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
  - 1538-4357
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Ultraviolet radiative feedback on high‐redshift protogalaxies
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 648
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '17742'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The primordial gas in the earliest dark matter halos, collapsing at redshifts
    around z=20, with masses M_halo=10^6 M_sun, and virial temperatures T_vir<10^4K,
    relied on the presence of molecules for cooling. Several theoretical studies have
    suggested that gas contraction and star-formation in these minihalos was suppressed
    by radiative, chemical, thermal, and dynamical feedback processes. The recent
    measurement by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) of the optical
    depth to electron scattering, tau=0.09+/-0.03, provides the first empirical evidence
    for this suppression. The new WMAP result is consistent with vanilla models of
    reionization, in which ionizing sources populate cold dark matter (CDM) halos
    down to a virial temperature of T_vir=10^4K. On the other hand, we show that in
    order to avoid overproducing the optical depth, the efficiency for the production
    of ionizing photons in minihalos must have been about an order of magnitude lower
    than expected and lower than the efficiency in large halos that can cool via atomic
    hydrogen (T_vir > 10^4K). This conclusion is insensitive to assumptions about
    the efficiency of ionizing photon production in the large halos, as long as reionization
    ends by z=6, as required by the spectra of bright quasars at z<6. Our conclusion
    is strengthened if the clumping of the ionized gas evolves with redshift, as suggested
    by semi-analytical predictions and three-dimensional numerical simulations.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Greg L.
  full_name: Bryan, Greg L.
  last_name: Bryan
citation:
  ama: Haiman Z, Bryan GL. Was star formation suppressed in high‐redshift minihalos?
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2006;650(1):7-11. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506580">10.1086/506580</a>
  apa: Haiman, Z., &#38; Bryan, G. L. (2006). Was star formation suppressed in high‐redshift
    minihalos? <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506580">https://doi.org/10.1086/506580</a>
  chicago: Haiman, Zoltán, and Greg L. Bryan. “Was Star Formation Suppressed in High‐redshift
    Minihalos?” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2006.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506580">https://doi.org/10.1086/506580</a>.
  ieee: Z. Haiman and G. L. Bryan, “Was star formation suppressed in high‐redshift
    minihalos?,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 650, no. 1. American Astronomical
    Society, pp. 7–11, 2006.
  ista: Haiman Z, Bryan GL. 2006. Was star formation suppressed in high‐redshift minihalos?
    The Astrophysical Journal. 650(1), 7–11.
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán, and Greg L. Bryan. “Was Star Formation Suppressed in High‐redshift
    Minihalos?” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 650, no. 1, American Astronomical
    Society, 2006, pp. 7–11, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506580">10.1086/506580</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, G.L. Bryan, The Astrophysical Journal 650 (2006) 7–11.
date_created: 2024-09-06T09:25:53Z
date_published: 2006-10-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-26T14:17:23Z
day: '10'
doi: 10.1086/506580
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       650'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1086/506580
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 7-11
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
  - 1538-4357
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Was star formation suppressed in high‐redshift minihalos?
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 650
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '17744'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present Monte Carlo calculations of Lyman alpha (Lya) radiative transfer
    through collapsing gas clouds, representing proto-galaxies that are caught in
    the process of their assembly. Such galaxies produce Lya flux over an extended
    solid angle from a spatially extended Lya emissivity and/or from scattering effects.
    We study the effect of the gas distribution and kinematics, and of the Lya emissivity
    profile, on the emergent spectrum and surface brightness distribution. The emergent
    Lya spectrum is typically double-peaked and asymmetric. In practice, the blue
    peak is significantly enhanced and the red peak, in most cases, will be undetectable.
    The resulting effective blueshift, combined with scattering in the intergalactic
    medium, will render extended Lya emission from collapsing protogalaxies difficult
    to detect beyond redshift z=4. The surface brightness distribution is typically
    flat, and a strong wavelength dependence of its slope (with preferential flattening
    at the red side of the line) would be a robust indication that Lya photons are
    being generated (rather than just scattered) in a spatially extended region around
    the galaxy. We also find that for self-ionized clouds whose effective Lya optical
    depth is less than 10^3, infall and outflow models can produce nearly identical
    spectra and surface brightness distributions, and are difficult to distinguish
    from one another. The presence of deuterium with a cosmic abundance may produce
    a narrow but detectable dip in the spectra of systems with moderate hydrogen column
    densities, in the range 10^18-10^20 cm^-2. Finally, we present a new analytic
    solution for the emerging Lya spectrum in the limiting case of a static uniform
    sphere, extending previous solutions for static plane-parallel slabs.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Mark
  full_name: Dijkstra, Mark
  last_name: Dijkstra
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Spaans, Marco
  last_name: Spaans
citation:
  ama: Dijkstra M, Haiman Z, Spaans M. Lyα radiation from collapsing protogalaxies.
    I. Characteristics of the emergent spectrum. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>.
    2006;649(1):14-36. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506243">10.1086/506243</a>
  apa: Dijkstra, M., Haiman, Z., &#38; Spaans, M. (2006). Lyα radiation from collapsing
    protogalaxies. I. Characteristics of the emergent spectrum. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506243">https://doi.org/10.1086/506243</a>
  chicago: Dijkstra, Mark, Zoltán Haiman, and Marco Spaans. “Lyα Radiation from Collapsing
    Protogalaxies. I. Characteristics of the Emergent Spectrum.” <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506243">https://doi.org/10.1086/506243</a>.
  ieee: M. Dijkstra, Z. Haiman, and M. Spaans, “Lyα radiation from collapsing protogalaxies.
    I. Characteristics of the emergent spectrum,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>,
    vol. 649, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp. 14–36, 2006.
  ista: Dijkstra M, Haiman Z, Spaans M. 2006. Lyα radiation from collapsing protogalaxies.
    I. Characteristics of the emergent spectrum. The Astrophysical Journal. 649(1),
    14–36.
  mla: Dijkstra, Mark, et al. “Lyα Radiation from Collapsing Protogalaxies. I. Characteristics
    of the Emergent Spectrum.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 649, no. 1,
    American Astronomical Society, 2006, pp. 14–36, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/506243">10.1086/506243</a>.
  short: M. Dijkstra, Z. Haiman, M. Spaans, The Astrophysical Journal 649 (2006) 14–36.
date_created: 2024-09-06T09:28:15Z
date_published: 2006-09-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-26T14:23:22Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1086/506243
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       649'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1086/506243
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 14-36
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
  - 1538-4357
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Lyα radiation from collapsing protogalaxies. I. Characteristics of the emergent
  spectrum
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 649
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '17749'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We discuss the UV radiative feedback on high-redshift proto-galaxies.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Andrei
  full_name: Mesinger, Andrei
  last_name: Mesinger
- first_name: Greg L.
  full_name: Haiman, Greg L.
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
citation:
  ama: Mesinger A, Haiman GL, Haiman Z. UV radiative feedback on high-redshift proto-galaxies.
    <i>Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union</i>. 2006;2(14):269-269.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307010526">10.1017/s1743921307010526</a>
  apa: Mesinger, A., Haiman, G. L., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2006). UV radiative feedback
    on high-redshift proto-galaxies. <i>Proceedings of the International Astronomical
    Union</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307010526">https://doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307010526</a>
  chicago: Mesinger, Andrei, Greg L. Haiman, and Zoltán Haiman. “UV Radiative Feedback
    on High-Redshift Proto-Galaxies.” <i>Proceedings of the International Astronomical
    Union</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307010526">https://doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307010526</a>.
  ieee: A. Mesinger, G. L. Haiman, and Z. Haiman, “UV radiative feedback on high-redshift
    proto-galaxies,” <i>Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union</i>, vol.
    2, no. 14. Cambridge University Press, pp. 269–269, 2006.
  ista: Mesinger A, Haiman GL, Haiman Z. 2006. UV radiative feedback on high-redshift
    proto-galaxies. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 2(14), 269–269.
  mla: Mesinger, Andrei, et al. “UV Radiative Feedback on High-Redshift Proto-Galaxies.”
    <i>Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union</i>, vol. 2, no. 14, Cambridge
    University Press, 2006, pp. 269–269, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307010526">10.1017/s1743921307010526</a>.
  short: A. Mesinger, G.L. Haiman, Z. Haiman, Proceedings of the International Astronomical
    Union 2 (2006) 269–269.
date_created: 2024-09-06T09:37:06Z
date_published: 2006-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-30T07:23:20Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1017/s1743921307010526
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         2'
issue: '14'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743921307010526
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 269-269
publication: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1743-9213
  - 1743-9221
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: UV radiative feedback on high-redshift proto-galaxies
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 2
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '17766'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: It has been shown that in an idealized galaxy cluster survey, containing ≳10,000
    clusters, statistical errors on dark energy and other cosmological parameters
    would be at the percent level. Furthermore, through ``self-calibration,'' parameters
    describing the mass-observable relation and cosmology could be simultaneously
    determined, although at a loss in accuracy by about an order of magnitude. Here
    we examine an alternative approach to self-calibration, in which a parameterized
    ab initio physical model is used to compute theoretical mass-observable relations
    from the cluster structure. As an example, we use a modified-entropy (``preheating'')
    model of the intracluster medium, with the history and magnitude of entropy injection
    as unknown input parameters. Using a Fisher matrix approach, we evaluate the expected
    simultaneous statistical errors on cosmological and cluster model parameters.
    We find that compared to a phenomenological parameterization of the mass-observable
    relation, our physical model yields significantly tighter constraints in both
    surveys and offers substantially improved synergy when the two surveys are combined.
    In a mock X-ray survey, we find statistical errors on the dark energy equation
    of state are a factor of 2 tighter than the phenomenological model, with Δw0 ~
    0.08 and its evolution, Δwa ≡ -Δdw/da ~ 0.23, with corresponding errors of Δw0
    ~ 0.06 and Δwa ~ 0.17 from a mock Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) survey, both with Ncl
    ~ 2.2 × 104 clusters, while simultaneously constraining cluster model parameters
    to ≲10%. When the two surveys are combined, the constraints tighten to Δw0 ~ 0.03
    and Δwa ~ 0.1, a 40% improvement over adding the individual experiment errors
    in quadrature and a factor of 2 improvement over the phenomenological model. This
    suggests that parameterized physical models of cluster structure would be useful
    when extracting cosmological constraints from SZ and X-ray cluster surveys.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Joshua D.
  full_name: Younger, Joshua D.
  last_name: Younger
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Greg L.
  full_name: Bryan, Greg L.
  last_name: Bryan
- first_name: Sheng
  full_name: Wang, Sheng
  last_name: Wang
citation:
  ama: Younger JD, Haiman Z, Bryan GL, Wang S. Breaking cosmological degeneracies
    in galaxy cluster surveys with a physical model of cluster structure. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>. 2006;653(1):27-42. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/508646">10.1086/508646</a>
  apa: Younger, J. D., Haiman, Z., Bryan, G. L., &#38; Wang, S. (2006). Breaking cosmological
    degeneracies in galaxy cluster surveys with a physical model of cluster structure.
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/508646">https://doi.org/10.1086/508646</a>
  chicago: Younger, Joshua D., Zoltán Haiman, Greg L. Bryan, and Sheng Wang. “Breaking
    Cosmological Degeneracies in Galaxy Cluster Surveys with a Physical Model of Cluster
    Structure.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2006.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/508646">https://doi.org/10.1086/508646</a>.
  ieee: J. D. Younger, Z. Haiman, G. L. Bryan, and S. Wang, “Breaking cosmological
    degeneracies in galaxy cluster surveys with a physical model of cluster structure,”
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 653, no. 1. American Astronomical Society,
    pp. 27–42, 2006.
  ista: Younger JD, Haiman Z, Bryan GL, Wang S. 2006. Breaking cosmological degeneracies
    in galaxy cluster surveys with a physical model of cluster structure. The Astrophysical
    Journal. 653(1), 27–42.
  mla: Younger, Joshua D., et al. “Breaking Cosmological Degeneracies in Galaxy Cluster
    Surveys with a Physical Model of Cluster Structure.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>,
    vol. 653, no. 1, American Astronomical Society, 2006, pp. 27–42, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/508646">10.1086/508646</a>.
  short: J.D. Younger, Z. Haiman, G.L. Bryan, S. Wang, The Astrophysical Journal 653
    (2006) 27–42.
date_created: 2024-09-06T09:52:54Z
date_published: 2006-12-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-30T09:28:25Z
day: '10'
doi: 10.1086/508646
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       653'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1086/508646
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 27-42
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
  - 1538-4357
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Breaking cosmological degeneracies in galaxy cluster surveys with a physical
  model of cluster structure
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 653
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '17776'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The gravitational waves (GW) emitted during the coalescence of supermassive
    black holes (SMBHs) in the mass range 10^4-10^7 M_sun will be detectable out to
    high redshifts with LISA. We calculate the size and orientation of the three-dimensional
    error ellipse in solid angle and redshift within which the LISA event could be
    localized using the GW signatures alone. We take into account uncertainties in
    LISA's measurements of the luminosity distance and direction to the source, in
    the background cosmology, in weak gravitational lensing magnification due to inhomogeneities
    along the line of sight, and potential source peculiar velocities. We find that
    weak lensing errors exceed other sources of uncertainties by nearly an order of
    magnitude. Under the plausible assumption that BH mergers are accompanied by gas
    accretion leading to Eddington-limited quasar activity, we then compute the number
    of quasars that would be found in a typical LISA error volume, as a function of
    BH mass and redshift. We find that low redshifts offer the best opportunities
    to identify quasar counterparts to cosmological standard sirens, and that the
    LISA error volume will typically contain a single near-Eddington quasar at z=1.
    This will allow a straightforward test of the hypothesis that BH mergers are accompanied
    by bright quasar activity and, if the hypothesis proves correct, will guarantee
    the identification of a unique quasar counterpart. This would yield unprecedented
    tests of the physics of SMBH accretion, and offer an alternative method to precisely
    constrain cosmological parameters.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Bence
  full_name: Kocsis, Bence
  last_name: Kocsis
- first_name: Zsolt
  full_name: Frei, Zsolt
  last_name: Frei
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Kristen
  full_name: Menou, Kristen
  last_name: Menou
citation:
  ama: Kocsis B, Frei Z, Haiman Z, Menou K. Finding the electromagnetic counterparts
    of cosmological standard sirens. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2006;637(1):27-37.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498236">10.1086/498236</a>
  apa: Kocsis, B., Frei, Z., Haiman, Z., &#38; Menou, K. (2006). Finding the electromagnetic
    counterparts of cosmological standard sirens. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>.
    American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498236">https://doi.org/10.1086/498236</a>
  chicago: Kocsis, Bence, Zsolt Frei, Zoltán Haiman, and Kristen Menou. “Finding the
    Electromagnetic Counterparts of Cosmological Standard Sirens.” <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498236">https://doi.org/10.1086/498236</a>.
  ieee: B. Kocsis, Z. Frei, Z. Haiman, and K. Menou, “Finding the electromagnetic
    counterparts of cosmological standard sirens,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>,
    vol. 637, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp. 27–37, 2006.
  ista: Kocsis B, Frei Z, Haiman Z, Menou K. 2006. Finding the electromagnetic counterparts
    of cosmological standard sirens. The Astrophysical Journal. 637(1), 27–37.
  mla: Kocsis, Bence, et al. “Finding the Electromagnetic Counterparts of Cosmological
    Standard Sirens.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 637, no. 1, American
    Astronomical Society, 2006, pp. 27–37, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498236">10.1086/498236</a>.
  short: B. Kocsis, Z. Frei, Z. Haiman, K. Menou, The Astrophysical Journal 637 (2006)
    27–37.
date_created: 2024-09-06T10:11:17Z
date_published: 2006-01-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-30T11:49:10Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1086/498236
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       637'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1086/498236
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 27-37
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
  - 1538-4357
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Finding the electromagnetic counterparts of cosmological standard sirens
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 637
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '17794'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We model the number of detectable supernovae (SNe) as a function of redshift
    at different flux thresholds, making use of the observed properties of local SNe,
    such as their light curves, fiducial spectra, and peak magnitude distributions.
    We assume that the star formation rate (SFR) at high redshift traces the formation
    rate of dark matter halos. We obtain a rate of 0.4-2.3 SNe arcmin^-2 yr^-1 at
    z ≳ 5 at the near-infrared (4.5 μm) flux density threshold of 3 nJy (achievable
    with the James Webb Space Telescope [JWST] in a 10^5 s integration). In a hypothetical
    1 yr survey, it should be possible to detect up to several thousand SNe per unit
    redshift at z ~ 6. We discuss the possible application of such a large sample
    of distant SNe as a probe of the epoch of reionization. By heating the intergalactic
    medium (IGM) and raising the cosmological Jeans mass, the process of reionization
    can suppress star formation in low-mass galaxies. This could have produced a relatively
    sharp drop in the SN rate around the redshift of reionization (zre). We quantify
    the detectability of this feature in future surveys of distant SNe by varying
    the redshift and duration of reionization, as well as its impact on the SFR in
    low-mass halos, which results in different redshifts, widths, and sizes of the
    drop in the expected SFR. We find that the drop can be detected out to zre ~ 13,
    as long as (1) the reionization history contains a relatively rapid feature that
    is synchronized over different regions to within Δz ≲ 1-3, (2) the star formation
    efficiency in halos that dominate reionization is epsilon* ~ 10%, and (3) reionization
    significantly suppresses the star formation in low-mass halos. Depending on the
    details of (1)-(3), this could be achieved with a survey lasting less than 2 weeks.
    Detecting this signature would also help elucidate the feedback mechanism that
    regulates reionization.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Andrei
  full_name: Mesinger, Andrei
  last_name: Mesinger
- first_name: Benjamin D.
  full_name: Johnson, Benjamin D.
  last_name: Johnson
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
citation:
  ama: Mesinger A, Johnson BD, Haiman Z. The redshift distribution of distant supernovae
    and its use in probing reionization. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2006;637(1):80-90.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498294">10.1086/498294</a>
  apa: Mesinger, A., Johnson, B. D., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2006). The redshift distribution
    of distant supernovae and its use in probing reionization. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498294">https://doi.org/10.1086/498294</a>
  chicago: Mesinger, Andrei, Benjamin D. Johnson, and Zoltán Haiman. “The Redshift
    Distribution of Distant Supernovae and Its Use in Probing Reionization.” <i>The
    Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498294">https://doi.org/10.1086/498294</a>.
  ieee: A. Mesinger, B. D. Johnson, and Z. Haiman, “The redshift distribution of distant
    supernovae and its use in probing reionization,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>,
    vol. 637, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp. 80–90, 2006.
  ista: Mesinger A, Johnson BD, Haiman Z. 2006. The redshift distribution of distant
    supernovae and its use in probing reionization. The Astrophysical Journal. 637(1),
    80–90.
  mla: Mesinger, Andrei, et al. “The Redshift Distribution of Distant Supernovae and
    Its Use in Probing Reionization.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 637,
    no. 1, American Astronomical Society, 2006, pp. 80–90, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498294">10.1086/498294</a>.
  short: A. Mesinger, B.D. Johnson, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal 637 (2006)
    80–90.
date_created: 2024-09-06T10:26:17Z
date_published: 2006-01-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-30T11:23:16Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1086/498294
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       637'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1086/498294
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 80-90
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
  - 1538-4357
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The redshift distribution of distant supernovae and its use in probing reionization
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 637
year: '2006'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '17807'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The first massive astrophysical black holes likely formed at high redshifts
    (z ≳ 10) at the centers of low mass (∼106 M⊙) dark matter concentrations. These
    black holes grow by mergers and gas accretion, evolve into the population of bright
    quasars observed at lower redshifts, and eventually leave the supermassive black
    hole remnants that are ubiquitous at the centers of galaxies in the nearby universe.
    The astrophysical processes responsible for the formation of the earliest seed
    black holes are poorly understood. The purpose of this review is to describe theoretical
    expectations for the formation and growth of the earliest black holes within the
    general paradigm of hierarchical cold dark matter cosmologies, and to summarize
    several relevant recent observations that have implications for the formation
    of the earliest black holes.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
citation:
  ama: Haiman Z. The formation of the first black holes and their host halos. <i>New
    Astronomy Reviews</i>. 2006;50(9-10):672-676. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.021">10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.021</a>
  apa: Haiman, Z. (2006). The formation of the first black holes and their host halos.
    <i>New Astronomy Reviews</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.021">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.021</a>
  chicago: Haiman, Zoltán. “The Formation of the First Black Holes and Their Host
    Halos.” <i>New Astronomy Reviews</i>. Elsevier, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.021">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.021</a>.
  ieee: Z. Haiman, “The formation of the first black holes and their host halos,”
    <i>New Astronomy Reviews</i>, vol. 50, no. 9–10. Elsevier, pp. 672–676, 2006.
  ista: Haiman Z. 2006. The formation of the first black holes and their host halos.
    New Astronomy Reviews. 50(9–10), 672–676.
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán. “The Formation of the First Black Holes and Their Host Halos.”
    <i>New Astronomy Reviews</i>, vol. 50, no. 9–10, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 672–76, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.021">10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.021</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, New Astronomy Reviews 50 (2006) 672–676.
date_created: 2024-09-06T11:35:38Z
date_published: 2006-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-12T10:18:36Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.021
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        50'
issue: 9-10
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 672-676
publication: New Astronomy Reviews
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1387-6473
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The formation of the first black holes and their host halos
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 50
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '17808'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Four recent observational results have challenged our understanding of high--redshift
    galaxies, as they require the presence of far more ultraviolet photons than should
    be emitted by normal stellar populations. First, there is significant ultraviolet
    emission from Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) at wavelenghts shorter than 912Å. Second,
    there is strong Lyman alpha emission from extended ``blobs'' with little or no
    associated apparent ionizing continuum. Third, there is a population of galaxies
    with unusually strong Lyman-alpha emission lines. And fourth, there is a strong
    HeII (1640 Å) emission line in a composite of LBGs. The proposed explanations
    for the first three observations are internally inconsistent, and the fourth puzzle
    has remained hitherto unexplained. Here we show that all four problems are resolved
    simultaneously if 10-30 percent of the stars in many galaxies at z ~ 3-4 are mainly
    primordial - unenriched by elements heavier than helium ('metals'). Most models
    of hierarchical galaxy formation assume efficient intra--galactic metal mixing,
    and therefore do not predict metal-free star formation at redshifts significantly
    below z ~5. Our results imply that micro-mixing of metals within galaxies is inefficient
    on a ~ Gyr time-scale, a conclusion that can be verified with higher resolution
    simulations, and future observations of the HeII emission line.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Raul
  full_name: Jimenez, Raul
  last_name: Jimenez
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
citation:
  ama: Jimenez R, Haiman Z. Significant primordial star formation at redshifts z ≈
    3–4. <i>Nature</i>. 2006;440(7083):501-504. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04580">10.1038/nature04580</a>
  apa: Jimenez, R., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2006). Significant primordial star formation
    at redshifts z ≈ 3–4. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04580">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04580</a>
  chicago: Jimenez, Raul, and Zoltán Haiman. “Significant Primordial Star Formation
    at Redshifts z ≈ 3–4.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Science and Business Media LLC,
    2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04580">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04580</a>.
  ieee: R. Jimenez and Z. Haiman, “Significant primordial star formation at redshifts
    z ≈ 3–4,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 440, no. 7083. Springer Science and Business Media
    LLC, pp. 501–504, 2006.
  ista: Jimenez R, Haiman Z. 2006. Significant primordial star formation at redshifts
    z ≈ 3–4. Nature. 440(7083), 501–504.
  mla: Jimenez, Raul, and Zoltán Haiman. “Significant Primordial Star Formation at
    Redshifts z ≈ 3–4.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 440, no. 7083, Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC, 2006, pp. 501–04, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04580">10.1038/nature04580</a>.
  short: R. Jimenez, Z. Haiman, Nature 440 (2006) 501–504.
date_created: 2024-09-06T11:37:20Z
date_published: 2006-03-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-25T14:01:07Z
day: '23'
doi: 10.1038/nature04580
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '0602450'
intvolume: '       440'
issue: '7083'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/0602450'
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 501-504
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0028-0836
  - 1476-4687
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: erratum
    url: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04774
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Significant primordial star formation at redshifts z ≈ 3–4
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 440
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '1796'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Drugs that block the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
    into host cells abrogate the establishment of a productive infection and should
    ideally diminish the chances of HIV-1 developing resistance. This review will
    give an overview of the mechanism by which the envelope glycoprotein mediates
    HIV-1 entry and will summarize current drug developments.
author:
- first_name: Sandra
  full_name: Sandra Siegert
  id: 36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Siegert
  orcid: 0000-0001-8635-0877
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Schnierle, Peter
  last_name: Schnierle
- first_name: Barbara
  full_name: Schnierle, Barbara S
  last_name: Schnierle
citation:
  ama: 'Siegert S, Schnierle P, Schnierle B. Novel anti-viral therapy: Drugs that
    block HIV entry at different target sites. <i>Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry</i>.
    2006;6(5):557-562. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876267">10.2174/138955706776876267</a>'
  apa: 'Siegert, S., Schnierle, P., &#38; Schnierle, B. (2006). Novel anti-viral therapy:
    Drugs that block HIV entry at different target sites. <i>Mini-Reviews in Medicinal
    Chemistry</i>. Bentham Science Publishers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876267">https://doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876267</a>'
  chicago: 'Siegert, Sandra, Peter Schnierle, and Barbara Schnierle. “Novel Anti-Viral
    Therapy: Drugs That Block HIV Entry at Different Target Sites.” <i>Mini-Reviews
    in Medicinal Chemistry</i>. Bentham Science Publishers, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876267">https://doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876267</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Siegert, P. Schnierle, and B. Schnierle, “Novel anti-viral therapy: Drugs
    that block HIV entry at different target sites,” <i>Mini-Reviews in Medicinal
    Chemistry</i>, vol. 6, no. 5. Bentham Science Publishers, pp. 557–562, 2006.'
  ista: 'Siegert S, Schnierle P, Schnierle B. 2006. Novel anti-viral therapy: Drugs
    that block HIV entry at different target sites. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry.
    6(5), 557–562.'
  mla: 'Siegert, Sandra, et al. “Novel Anti-Viral Therapy: Drugs That Block HIV Entry
    at Different Target Sites.” <i>Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry</i>, vol. 6,
    no. 5, Bentham Science Publishers, 2006, pp. 557–62, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2174/138955706776876267">10.2174/138955706776876267</a>.'
  short: S. Siegert, P. Schnierle, B. Schnierle, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
    6 (2006) 557–562.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:03Z
date_published: 2006-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:53:15Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.2174/138955706776876267
extern: 1
intvolume: '         6'
issue: '5'
month: '05'
page: 557 - 562
publication: Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
publication_status: published
publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
publist_id: '5314'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'Novel anti-viral therapy: Drugs that block HIV entry at different target sites'
type: journal_article
volume: 6
year: '2006'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '18041'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Since it was first suggested1 that a single molecule might function as an
    active electronic component, a number of techniques have been developed to measure
    the charge transport properties of single molecules2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12. Although
    scanning tunnelling microscopy observations under high vacuum conditions can allow
    stable measurements of electron transport, most measurements of a single molecule
    bonded in a metal–molecule–metal junction exhibit relatively large variations
    in conductance. As a result, even simple predictions about how molecules behave
    in such junctions have still not been rigorously tested. For instance, it is well
    known13,14 that the tunnelling current passing through a molecule depends on its
    conformation; but although some experiments have verified this effect15,16,17,18,
    a comprehensive mapping of how junction conductance changes with molecular conformation
    is not yet available. In the simple case of a biphenyl—a molecule with two phenyl
    rings linked by a single C–C bond—conductance is expected to change with the relative
    twist angle between the two rings, with the planar conformation having the highest
    conductance. Here we use amine link groups to form single-molecule junctions with
    more reproducible current–voltage characteristics19. This allows us to extract
    average conductance values from thousands of individual measurements on a series
    of seven biphenyl molecules with different ring substitutions that alter the twist
    angle of the molecules. We find that the conductance for the series decreases
    with increasing twist angle, consistent with a cosine-squared relation predicted
    for transport through π-conjugated biphenyl systems13.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Latha
  full_name: Venkataraman, Latha
  id: 9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf
  last_name: Venkataraman
  orcid: 0000-0002-6957-6089
- first_name: Jennifer E.
  full_name: Klare, Jennifer E.
  last_name: Klare
- first_name: Colin
  full_name: Nuckolls, Colin
  last_name: Nuckolls
- first_name: Mark S.
  full_name: Hybertsen, Mark S.
  last_name: Hybertsen
- first_name: Michael L.
  full_name: Steigerwald, Michael L.
  last_name: Steigerwald
citation:
  ama: Venkataraman L, Klare JE, Nuckolls C, Hybertsen MS, Steigerwald ML. Dependence
    of single-molecule junction conductance on molecular conformation. <i>Nature</i>.
    2006;442(7105):904-907. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05037">10.1038/nature05037</a>
  apa: Venkataraman, L., Klare, J. E., Nuckolls, C., Hybertsen, M. S., &#38; Steigerwald,
    M. L. (2006). Dependence of single-molecule junction conductance on molecular
    conformation. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05037">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05037</a>
  chicago: Venkataraman, Latha, Jennifer E. Klare, Colin Nuckolls, Mark S. Hybertsen,
    and Michael L. Steigerwald. “Dependence of Single-Molecule Junction Conductance
    on Molecular Conformation.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05037">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05037</a>.
  ieee: L. Venkataraman, J. E. Klare, C. Nuckolls, M. S. Hybertsen, and M. L. Steigerwald,
    “Dependence of single-molecule junction conductance on molecular conformation,”
    <i>Nature</i>, vol. 442, no. 7105. Springer Nature, pp. 904–907, 2006.
  ista: Venkataraman L, Klare JE, Nuckolls C, Hybertsen MS, Steigerwald ML. 2006.
    Dependence of single-molecule junction conductance on molecular conformation.
    Nature. 442(7105), 904–907.
  mla: Venkataraman, Latha, et al. “Dependence of Single-Molecule Junction Conductance
    on Molecular Conformation.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 442, no. 7105, Springer Nature,
    2006, pp. 904–07, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05037">10.1038/nature05037</a>.
  short: L. Venkataraman, J.E. Klare, C. Nuckolls, M.S. Hybertsen, M.L. Steigerwald,
    Nature 442 (2006) 904–907.
date_created: 2024-09-09T15:07:33Z
date_published: 2006-08-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-01-03T11:13:23Z
day: '24'
doi: 10.1038/nature05037
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '16929295'
intvolume: '       442'
issue: '7105'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 904-907
pmid: 1
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1476-4687
  issn:
  - 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Dependence of single-molecule junction conductance on molecular conformation
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 442
year: '2006'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '18042'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We have measured electron transport in small bundles of identical conducting
    molybdenum selenide nanowires where the number of weakly interacting one-dimensional
    chains ranges from 1 to 300. The linear conductance and current in these nanowires
    exhibit a power-law dependence on temperature and bias voltage, respectively.
    The exponents governing these power laws decrease as the number of conducting
    channels increase. These exponents can be related to the electron-electron interaction
    parameter for transport in multichannel 1D systems with a few defects.
article_number: '076601'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Latha
  full_name: Venkataraman, Latha
  id: 9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf
  last_name: Venkataraman
  orcid: 0000-0002-6957-6089
- first_name: Yeon Suk
  full_name: Hong, Yeon Suk
  last_name: Hong
- first_name: Philip
  full_name: Kim, Philip
  last_name: Kim
citation:
  ama: 'Venkataraman L, Hong YS, Kim P. Electron transport in m Multichannel one-dimensional
    conductor: Molybdenum selenide nanowires. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2006;96(7).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.96.076601">10.1103/physrevlett.96.076601</a>'
  apa: 'Venkataraman, L., Hong, Y. S., &#38; Kim, P. (2006). Electron transport in
    m Multichannel one-dimensional conductor: Molybdenum selenide nanowires. <i>Physical
    Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.96.076601">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.96.076601</a>'
  chicago: 'Venkataraman, Latha, Yeon Suk Hong, and Philip Kim. “Electron Transport
    in m Multichannel One-Dimensional Conductor: Molybdenum Selenide Nanowires.” <i>Physical
    Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.96.076601">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.96.076601</a>.'
  ieee: 'L. Venkataraman, Y. S. Hong, and P. Kim, “Electron transport in m Multichannel
    one-dimensional conductor: Molybdenum selenide nanowires,” <i>Physical Review
    Letters</i>, vol. 96, no. 7. American Physical Society, 2006.'
  ista: 'Venkataraman L, Hong YS, Kim P. 2006. Electron transport in m Multichannel
    one-dimensional conductor: Molybdenum selenide nanowires. Physical Review Letters.
    96(7), 076601.'
  mla: 'Venkataraman, Latha, et al. “Electron Transport in m Multichannel One-Dimensional
    Conductor: Molybdenum Selenide Nanowires.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol.
    96, no. 7, 076601, American Physical Society, 2006, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.96.076601">10.1103/physrevlett.96.076601</a>.'
  short: L. Venkataraman, Y.S. Hong, P. Kim, Physical Review Letters 96 (2006).
date_created: 2024-09-09T15:08:34Z
date_published: 2006-02-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-01-03T11:16:00Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.076601
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - cond-mat/0601454
  pmid:
  - '16606116'
intvolume: '        96'
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0601454
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
pmid: 1
publication: Physical Review Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1079-7114
  issn:
  - 0031-9007
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Electron transport in m Multichannel one-dimensional conductor: Molybdenum
  selenide nanowires'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 96
year: '2006'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '18043'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We measure the conductance of amine-terminated molecules by breaking Au point
    contacts in a molecular solution at room temperature. We find that the variability
    of the observed conductance for the diamine molecule−Au junctions is much less
    than the variability for diisonitrile− and dithiol−Au junctions. This narrow distribution
    enables unambiguous conductance measurements of single molecules. For an alkane
    diamine series with 2−8 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain, our results show
    a systematic trend in the conductance from which we extract a tunneling decay
    constant of 0.91 ± 0.03 per methylene group. We hypothesize that the diamine link
    binds preferentially to undercoordinated Au atoms in the junction. This is supported
    by density functional theory-based calculations that show the amine binding to
    a gold adatom with sufficient angular flexibility for easy junction formation
    but well-defined electronic coupling of the N lone pair to the Au. Therefore,
    the amine linkage leads to well-defined conductance measurements of a single molecule
    junction in a statistical study.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Latha
  full_name: Venkataraman, Latha
  id: 9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf
  last_name: Venkataraman
  orcid: 0000-0002-6957-6089
- first_name: Jennifer E.
  full_name: Klare, Jennifer E.
  last_name: Klare
- first_name: Iris W.
  full_name: Tam, Iris W.
  last_name: Tam
- first_name: Colin
  full_name: Nuckolls, Colin
  last_name: Nuckolls
- first_name: Mark S.
  full_name: Hybertsen, Mark S.
  last_name: Hybertsen
- first_name: Michael L.
  full_name: Steigerwald, Michael L.
  last_name: Steigerwald
citation:
  ama: Venkataraman L, Klare JE, Tam IW, Nuckolls C, Hybertsen MS, Steigerwald ML.
    Single-molecule circuits with well-defined molecular conductance. <i>Nano Letters</i>.
    2006;6(3):458-462. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl052373+">10.1021/nl052373+</a>
  apa: Venkataraman, L., Klare, J. E., Tam, I. W., Nuckolls, C., Hybertsen, M. S.,
    &#38; Steigerwald, M. L. (2006). Single-molecule circuits with well-defined molecular
    conductance. <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl052373+">https://doi.org/10.1021/nl052373+</a>
  chicago: Venkataraman, Latha, Jennifer E. Klare, Iris W. Tam, Colin Nuckolls, Mark
    S. Hybertsen, and Michael L. Steigerwald. “Single-Molecule Circuits with Well-Defined
    Molecular Conductance.” <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2006.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl052373+">https://doi.org/10.1021/nl052373+</a>.
  ieee: L. Venkataraman, J. E. Klare, I. W. Tam, C. Nuckolls, M. S. Hybertsen, and
    M. L. Steigerwald, “Single-molecule circuits with well-defined molecular conductance,”
    <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 6, no. 3. American Chemical Society, pp. 458–462, 2006.
  ista: Venkataraman L, Klare JE, Tam IW, Nuckolls C, Hybertsen MS, Steigerwald ML.
    2006. Single-molecule circuits with well-defined molecular conductance. Nano Letters.
    6(3), 458–462.
  mla: Venkataraman, Latha, et al. “Single-Molecule Circuits with Well-Defined Molecular
    Conductance.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 6, no. 3, American Chemical Society, 2006,
    pp. 458–62, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/nl052373+">10.1021/nl052373+</a>.
  short: L. Venkataraman, J.E. Klare, I.W. Tam, C. Nuckolls, M.S. Hybertsen, M.L.
    Steigerwald, Nano Letters 6 (2006) 458–462.
date_created: 2024-09-09T15:09:24Z
date_published: 2006-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-01-03T11:19:52Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1021/nl052373+
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - cond-mat/0603281
intvolume: '         6'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0603281
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 458-462
publication: Nano Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1530-6992
  issn:
  - 1530-6984
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Single-molecule circuits with well-defined molecular conductance
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 6
year: '2006'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '18044'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The conductance of molecular junctions, formed by breaking gold point contacts
    dressed with various thiol functionalized organic molecules, is measured at 293
    K and at 30 K. In the presence of molecules, individual conductance traces measured
    as a function of increasing gold electrode displacement show clear steps below
    the quantum conductance steps of the gold contact. These steps are distributed
    over a wide range of molecule-dependent conductance values. Histograms constructed
    from all conductance traces therefore do not show clear peaks either at room or
    low temperatures. Filtering of the data sets by an objective automated procedure
    only marginally improves the visibility of such features. We conclude that the
    geometrical junction to junction variations dominate the conductance measurements.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Jochen
  full_name: Ulrich, Jochen
  last_name: Ulrich
- first_name: Donna
  full_name: Esrail, Donna
  last_name: Esrail
- first_name: William
  full_name: Pontius, William
  last_name: Pontius
- first_name: Latha
  full_name: Venkataraman, Latha
  id: 9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf
  last_name: Venkataraman
  orcid: 0000-0002-6957-6089
- first_name: David
  full_name: Millar, David
  last_name: Millar
- first_name: Linda H.
  full_name: Doerrer, Linda H.
  last_name: Doerrer
citation:
  ama: Ulrich J, Esrail D, Pontius W, Venkataraman L, Millar D, Doerrer LH. Variability
    of conductance in molecular junctions. <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry B</i>.
    2006;110(6):2462-2466. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/jp056455y">10.1021/jp056455y</a>
  apa: Ulrich, J., Esrail, D., Pontius, W., Venkataraman, L., Millar, D., &#38; Doerrer,
    L. H. (2006). Variability of conductance in molecular junctions. <i>The Journal
    of Physical Chemistry B</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/jp056455y">https://doi.org/10.1021/jp056455y</a>
  chicago: Ulrich, Jochen, Donna Esrail, William Pontius, Latha Venkataraman, David
    Millar, and Linda H. Doerrer. “Variability of Conductance in Molecular Junctions.”
    <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry B</i>. American Chemical Society, 2006. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1021/jp056455y">https://doi.org/10.1021/jp056455y</a>.
  ieee: J. Ulrich, D. Esrail, W. Pontius, L. Venkataraman, D. Millar, and L. H. Doerrer,
    “Variability of conductance in molecular junctions,” <i>The Journal of Physical
    Chemistry B</i>, vol. 110, no. 6. American Chemical Society, pp. 2462–2466, 2006.
  ista: Ulrich J, Esrail D, Pontius W, Venkataraman L, Millar D, Doerrer LH. 2006.
    Variability of conductance in molecular junctions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry
    B. 110(6), 2462–2466.
  mla: Ulrich, Jochen, et al. “Variability of Conductance in Molecular Junctions.”
    <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry B</i>, vol. 110, no. 6, American Chemical
    Society, 2006, pp. 2462–66, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/jp056455y">10.1021/jp056455y</a>.
  short: J. Ulrich, D. Esrail, W. Pontius, L. Venkataraman, D. Millar, L.H. Doerrer,
    The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110 (2006) 2462–2466.
date_created: 2024-09-09T15:10:13Z
date_published: 2006-01-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-01-03T11:22:15Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1021/jp056455y
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '16471840'
intvolume: '       110'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 2462-2466
pmid: 1
publication: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1520-5207
  issn:
  - 1520-6106
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Variability of conductance in molecular junctions
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 110
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '18318'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a generic name for a family of algorithms
    that construct a configuration of points in a target metric space from information
    about inter-point distances measured in some other metric space. Large-scale MDS
    problems often occur in data analysis, representation and visualization. Solving
    such problems efficiently is of key importance in many applications.\r\nIn this
    paper we present a multigrid framework for MDS problems. We demonstrate the performance
    of our algorithm on dimensionality reduction and isometric embedding problems,
    two classical problems requiring efficient large-scale MDS. Simulation results
    show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms conventional MDS algorithms."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: M. M.
  full_name: Bronstein, M. M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: R.
  full_name: Kimmel, R.
  last_name: Kimmel
- first_name: I.
  full_name: Yavneh, I.
  last_name: Yavneh
citation:
  ama: Bronstein MM, Bronstein AM, Kimmel R, Yavneh I. Multigrid multidimensional
    scaling. <i>Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications</i>. 2006;13(2-3):149-171.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/nla.475">10.1002/nla.475</a>
  apa: Bronstein, M. M., Bronstein, A. M., Kimmel, R., &#38; Yavneh, I. (2006). Multigrid
    multidimensional scaling. <i>Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications</i>. Wiley.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/nla.475">https://doi.org/10.1002/nla.475</a>
  chicago: Bronstein, M. M., Alex M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, and I. Yavneh. “Multigrid
    Multidimensional Scaling.” <i>Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications</i>.
    Wiley, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/nla.475">https://doi.org/10.1002/nla.475</a>.
  ieee: M. M. Bronstein, A. M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, and I. Yavneh, “Multigrid multidimensional
    scaling,” <i>Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications</i>, vol. 13, no. 2–3.
    Wiley, pp. 149–171, 2006.
  ista: Bronstein MM, Bronstein AM, Kimmel R, Yavneh I. 2006. Multigrid multidimensional
    scaling. Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications. 13(2–3), 149–171.
  mla: Bronstein, M. M., et al. “Multigrid Multidimensional Scaling.” <i>Numerical
    Linear Algebra with Applications</i>, vol. 13, no. 2–3, Wiley, 2006, pp. 149–71,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/nla.475">10.1002/nla.475</a>.
  short: M.M. Bronstein, A.M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, I. Yavneh, Numerical Linear Algebra
    with Applications 13 (2006) 149–171.
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:12:06Z
date_published: 2006-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-12T08:45:09Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1002/nla.475
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        13'
issue: 2-3
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 149-171
publication: Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1099-1506
  issn:
  - 1070-5325
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Multigrid multidimensional scaling
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 13
year: '2006'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '18320'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Presented here is the problem of recovering a dynamic image superimposed on
    a static background. Such a problem is ill-posed and may arise e.g. in imaging
    through semireflective media, in separation of an illumination image from a reflectance
    image, in imaging with diffraction phenomena, etc. In this work we study regularization
    of this problem in spirit of Total Variation and general sparsifying transformations.
alternative_title:
- LNISA
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: Michael M.
  full_name: Bronstein, Michael M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Zibulevsky, Michael
  last_name: Zibulevsky
citation:
  ama: 'Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Zibulevsky M. On separation of semitransparent
    dynamic images from static background. In: <i>6th International Conference on
    Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation</i>. Vol 3889. Springer Nature;
    2006:934-940. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11679363_116">10.1007/11679363_116</a>'
  apa: 'Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., &#38; Zibulevsky, M. (2006). On separation
    of semitransparent dynamic images from static background. In <i>6th International
    Conference on Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation</i> (Vol. 3889,
    pp. 934–940). Charleston, SC, United States: Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11679363_116">https://doi.org/10.1007/11679363_116</a>'
  chicago: Bronstein, Alex M., Michael M. Bronstein, and Michael Zibulevsky. “On Separation
    of Semitransparent Dynamic Images from Static Background.” In <i>6th International
    Conference on Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation</i>, 3889:934–40.
    Springer Nature, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11679363_116">https://doi.org/10.1007/11679363_116</a>.
  ieee: A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and M. Zibulevsky, “On separation of semitransparent
    dynamic images from static background,” in <i>6th International Conference on
    Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation</i>, Charleston, SC, United
    States, 2006, vol. 3889, pp. 934–940.
  ista: 'Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Zibulevsky M. 2006. On separation of semitransparent
    dynamic images from static background. 6th International Conference on Independent
    Component Analysis and Signal Separation. ICA: International Conference on Independent
    Component Analysis and Signal Separation, LNISA, vol. 3889, 934–940.'
  mla: Bronstein, Alex M., et al. “On Separation of Semitransparent Dynamic Images
    from Static Background.” <i>6th International Conference on Independent Component
    Analysis and Signal Separation</i>, vol. 3889, Springer Nature, 2006, pp. 934–40,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/11679363_116">10.1007/11679363_116</a>.
  short: A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, M. Zibulevsky, in:, 6th International Conference
    on Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation, Springer Nature, 2006,
    pp. 934–940.
conference:
  end_date: 2006-03-08
  location: Charleston, SC, United States
  name: 'ICA: International Conference on Independent Component Analysis and Signal
    Separation'
  start_date: 2006-03-05
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:53Z
date_published: 2006-02-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-22T07:00:45Z
day: '13'
doi: 10.1007/11679363_116
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      3889'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 934-940
publication: 6th International Conference on Independent Component Analysis and Signal
  Separation
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9783540326311'
  eissn:
  - 1611-3349
  isbn:
  - '9783540326304'
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: On separation of semitransparent dynamic images from static background
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 3889
year: '2006'
...