[{"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732206","author":[{"last_name":"Kerzendorf","first_name":"Wolfgang E.","full_name":"Kerzendorf, Wolfgang E."},{"first_name":"Tuan","full_name":"Do, Tuan","last_name":"Do"},{"first_name":"Selma E.","full_name":"de Mink, Selma E.","last_name":"de Mink"},{"id":"d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d","orcid":"0000-0002-6960-6911","last_name":"Götberg","first_name":"Ylva Louise Linsdotter","full_name":"Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter"},{"last_name":"Milisavljevic","first_name":"Dan","full_name":"Milisavljevic, Dan"},{"first_name":"Emmanouil","full_name":"Zapartas, Emmanouil","last_name":"Zapartas"},{"full_name":"Renzo, Mathieu","first_name":"Mathieu","last_name":"Renzo"},{"full_name":"Justham, Stephen","first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Justham"},{"last_name":"Podsiadlowski","first_name":"Philipp","full_name":"Podsiadlowski, Philipp"},{"full_name":"Fesen, Robert A.","first_name":"Robert A.","last_name":"Fesen"}],"_id":"13472","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201732206","intvolume":" 623","oa_version":"Published Version","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","article_number":"A34","external_id":{"arxiv":["1711.00055"]},"publication_status":"published","day":"27","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Massive stars in binaries can give rise to extreme phenomena such as X-ray binaries and gravitational wave sources after one or both stars end their lives as core-collapse supernovae. Stars in close orbit around a stellar or compact companion are expected to explode as “stripped-envelope supernovae”, showing no (Type Ib/c) or little (Type IIb) signs of hydrogen in the spectra, because hydrogen-rich progenitors are too large to fit. The physical processes responsible for the stripping process and the fate of the companion are still very poorly understood. Aiming to find new clues, we investigate Cas A, which is a very young (∼340 yr) and near (∼3.4 kpc) remnant of a core-collapse supernova. Cas A has been subject to several searches for possible companions, all unsuccessfully. We present new measurements of the proper motions and photometry of stars in the vicinity based on deep HST ACS/WFC and WFC3-IR data. We identify stellar sources that are close enough in projection but using their proper motions we show that none are compatible with being at the location of center at the time of explosion, in agreement with earlier findings. Our photometric measurements allow us to place much deeper (order-of-magnitude) upper limits on the brightness of possible undetected companions. We systematically compare them with model predictions for a wide variety of scenarios. We can confidently rule out the presence of any stellar companion of any reasonable mass and age (main sequence, pre main sequence or stripped) ruling out what many considered to be likely evolutionary scenarios for Type IIb supernova (SN IIb). More exotic scenarios that predict the presence of a compact companion (white dwarf, neutron star or black hole) are still possible as well as scenarios where the progenitor of Cas A was single at the moment of explosion (either because it was truly single, or resulted from a binary that was disrupted, or from a binary merger). The presence of a compact companion would imply that Cas A is of interest to study exotic outcomes of binary evolution. The single-at-death solution would still require fine-tuning of the process that removed most of the envelope through a mass-loss mechanism yet to be identified. We discuss how future constraints from Gaia and even deeper photometric studies may help to place further constraints."}],"date_published":"2019-03-27T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"03","title":"No surviving non-compact stellar companion to Cassiopeia A","citation":{"ieee":"W. E. Kerzendorf et al., “No surviving non-compact stellar companion to Cassiopeia A,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 623. EDP Sciences, 2019.","short":"W.E. Kerzendorf, T. Do, S.E. de Mink, Y.L.L. Götberg, D. Milisavljevic, E. Zapartas, M. Renzo, S. Justham, P. Podsiadlowski, R.A. Fesen, Astronomy & Astrophysics 623 (2019).","apa":"Kerzendorf, W. E., Do, T., de Mink, S. E., Götberg, Y. L. L., Milisavljevic, D., Zapartas, E., … Fesen, R. A. (2019). No surviving non-compact stellar companion to Cassiopeia A. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732206","chicago":"Kerzendorf, Wolfgang E., Tuan Do, Selma E. de Mink, Ylva Louise Linsdotter Götberg, Dan Milisavljevic, Emmanouil Zapartas, Mathieu Renzo, Stephen Justham, Philipp Podsiadlowski, and Robert A. Fesen. “No Surviving Non-Compact Stellar Companion to Cassiopeia A.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732206.","ama":"Kerzendorf WE, Do T, de Mink SE, et al. No surviving non-compact stellar companion to Cassiopeia A. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2019;623. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732206","mla":"Kerzendorf, Wolfgang E., et al. “No Surviving Non-Compact Stellar Companion to Cassiopeia A.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 623, A34, EDP Sciences, 2019, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732206.","ista":"Kerzendorf WE, Do T, de Mink SE, Götberg YLL, Milisavljevic D, Zapartas E, Renzo M, Justham S, Podsiadlowski P, Fesen RA. 2019. No surviving non-compact stellar companion to Cassiopeia A. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 623, A34."},"year":"2019","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1432-0746"],"issn":["0004-6361"]},"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],"publisher":"EDP Sciences","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2023-08-09T12:28:17Z","article_type":"original","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732206"}],"oa":1,"extern":"1","volume":623,"publication":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","date_created":"2023-08-03T10:14:27Z"},{"oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"138","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-9068-6090","id":"42D9CABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Nikolic","first_name":"Nela","full_name":"Nikolic, Nela"}],"intvolume":" 65","doi":"10.1007/s00294-018-0879-8","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-018-0879-8","publist_id":"7785","ddc":["570"],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"external_id":{"isi":["000456958800017"]},"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","project":[{"grant_number":"291734","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"01","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:47Z","department":[{"_id":"CaGu"}],"publication_status":"published","year":"2019","title":"Autoregulation of bacterial gene expression: lessons from the MazEF toxin–antitoxin system","citation":{"apa":"Nikolic, N. (2019). Autoregulation of bacterial gene expression: lessons from the MazEF toxin–antitoxin system. Current Genetics. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-018-0879-8","short":"N. Nikolic, Current Genetics 65 (2019) 133–138.","ieee":"N. Nikolic, “Autoregulation of bacterial gene expression: lessons from the MazEF toxin–antitoxin system,” Current Genetics, vol. 65, no. 1. Springer, pp. 133–138, 2019.","chicago":"Nikolic, Nela. “Autoregulation of Bacterial Gene Expression: Lessons from the MazEF Toxin–Antitoxin System.” Current Genetics. Springer, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-018-0879-8.","ama":"Nikolic N. Autoregulation of bacterial gene expression: lessons from the MazEF toxin–antitoxin system. Current Genetics. 2019;65(1):133-138. doi:10.1007/s00294-018-0879-8","ista":"Nikolic N. 2019. Autoregulation of bacterial gene expression: lessons from the MazEF toxin–antitoxin system. Current Genetics. 65(1), 133–138.","mla":"Nikolic, Nela. “Autoregulation of Bacterial Gene Expression: Lessons from the MazEF Toxin–Antitoxin System.” Current Genetics, vol. 65, no. 1, Springer, 2019, pp. 133–38, doi:10.1007/s00294-018-0879-8."},"month":"02","date_published":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"Autoregulation is the direct modulation of gene expression by the product of the corresponding gene. Autoregulation of bacterial gene expression has been mostly studied at the transcriptional level, when a protein acts as the cognate transcriptional repressor. A recent study investigating dynamics of the bacterial toxin–antitoxin MazEF system has shown how autoregulation at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels affects the heterogeneity of Escherichia coli populations. Toxin–antitoxin systems hold a crucial but still elusive part in bacterial response to stress. This perspective highlights how these modules can also serve as a great model system for investigating basic concepts in gene regulation. However, as the genomic background and environmental conditions substantially influence toxin activation, it is important to study (auto)regulation of toxin–antitoxin systems in well-defined setups as well as in conditions that resemble the environmental niche.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","publisher":"Springer","type":"journal_article","page":"133-138","isi":1,"file":[{"date_created":"2019-02-06T07:50:58Z","file_name":"2019_CurrentGenetics_Nikolic.pdf","file_id":"5930","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:47Z","checksum":"6779708b0b632a1a6ed28c56f5161142","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_size":776399,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"date_updated":"2025-04-15T06:50:19Z","oa":1,"issue":"1","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:50Z","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Current Genetics","volume":65,"ec_funded":1},{"article_type":"original","date_updated":"2023-08-22T07:40:05Z","type":"journal_article","publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","page":"23923-23929","keyword":["Multidisciplinary"],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0027-8424"],"eissn":["1091-6490"]},"pmid":1,"date_created":"2023-08-09T13:10:36Z","issue":"48","publication":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","volume":116,"extern":"1","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907189116","open_access":"1"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["31723044"],"arxiv":["1906.10818"]},"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1907189116","intvolume":" 116","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"14001","status":"public","author":[{"first_name":"Denitsa Rangelova","full_name":"Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova","id":"71b4d059-2a03-11ee-914d-dfa3beed6530","last_name":"Baykusheva"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Zindel, Daniel","last_name":"Zindel"},{"first_name":"Vít","full_name":"Svoboda, Vít","last_name":"Svoboda"},{"last_name":"Bommeli","first_name":"Elias","full_name":"Bommeli, Elias"},{"last_name":"Ochsner","full_name":"Ochsner, Manuel","first_name":"Manuel"},{"last_name":"Tehlar","full_name":"Tehlar, Andres","first_name":"Andres"},{"last_name":"Wörner","first_name":"Hans Jakob","full_name":"Wörner, Hans Jakob"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907189116","year":"2019","title":"Real-time probing of chirality during a chemical reaction","month":"11","citation":{"apa":"Baykusheva, D. R., Zindel, D., Svoboda, V., Bommeli, E., Ochsner, M., Tehlar, A., & Wörner, H. J. (2019). Real-time probing of chirality during a chemical reaction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907189116","ieee":"D. R. Baykusheva et al., “Real-time probing of chirality during a chemical reaction,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 116, no. 48. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pp. 23923–23929, 2019.","short":"D.R. Baykusheva, D. Zindel, V. Svoboda, E. Bommeli, M. Ochsner, A. Tehlar, H.J. Wörner, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 (2019) 23923–23929.","ama":"Baykusheva DR, Zindel D, Svoboda V, et al. Real-time probing of chirality during a chemical reaction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2019;116(48):23923-23929. doi:10.1073/pnas.1907189116","chicago":"Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova, Daniel Zindel, Vít Svoboda, Elias Bommeli, Manuel Ochsner, Andres Tehlar, and Hans Jakob Wörner. “Real-Time Probing of Chirality during a Chemical Reaction.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907189116.","mla":"Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova, et al. “Real-Time Probing of Chirality during a Chemical Reaction.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 116, no. 48, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019, pp. 23923–29, doi:10.1073/pnas.1907189116.","ista":"Baykusheva DR, Zindel D, Svoboda V, Bommeli E, Ochsner M, Tehlar A, Wörner HJ. 2019. Real-time probing of chirality during a chemical reaction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116(48), 23923–23929."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Chiral molecules interact and react differently with other chiral objects, depending on their handedness. Therefore, it is essential to understand and ultimately control the evolution of molecular chirality during chemical reactions. Although highly sophisticated techniques for the controlled synthesis of chiral molecules have been developed, the observation of chirality on the natural femtosecond time scale of a chemical reaction has so far remained out of reach in the gas phase. Here, we demonstrate a general experimental technique, based on high-harmonic generation in tailored laser fields, and apply it to probe the time evolution of molecular chirality during the photodissociation of 2-iodobutane. These measurements show a change in sign and a pronounced increase in the magnitude of the chiral response over the first 100 fs, followed by its decay within less than 500 fs, revealing the photodissociation to achiral products. The observed time evolution is explained in terms of the variation of the electric and magnetic transition-dipole moments between the lowest electronic states of the cation as a function of the reaction coordinate. These results open the path to investigations of the chirality of molecular-reaction pathways, light-induced chirality in chemical processes, and the control of molecular chirality through tailored laser pulses."}],"date_published":"2019-11-13T00:00:00Z","day":"13","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published"},{"conference":{"name":"CLEO: European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","start_date":"2019-06-23","location":"Munich, Germany","end_date":"2019-06-27"},"article_number":"8871819","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2023-08-22T09:32:56Z","status":"public","_id":"14002","author":[{"last_name":"Biswas","full_name":"Biswas, Shubhadeep","first_name":"Shubhadeep"},{"last_name":"Liontos","first_name":"I.","full_name":"Liontos, I."},{"full_name":"Kamal, A. M.","first_name":"A. M.","last_name":"Kamal"},{"first_name":"N. G.","full_name":"Kling, N. G.","last_name":"Kling"},{"last_name":"Alharbi","first_name":"A. F.","full_name":"Alharbi, A. F."},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Alharbi, M.","last_name":"Alharbi"},{"first_name":"A. M.","full_name":"Azzeer, A. M.","last_name":"Azzeer"},{"last_name":"Worner","first_name":"H. J.","full_name":"Worner, H. J."},{"full_name":"Landsman, A. S.","first_name":"A. S.","last_name":"Landsman"},{"first_name":"M. F.","full_name":"Kling, M. F.","last_name":"Kling"},{"first_name":"B.","full_name":"Forg, B.","last_name":"Forg"},{"last_name":"Schotz","first_name":"J.","full_name":"Schotz, J."},{"last_name":"Schweinberger","full_name":"Schweinberger, W.","first_name":"W."},{"first_name":"L.","full_name":"Ortmann, L.","last_name":"Ortmann"},{"full_name":"Zimmermann, T.","first_name":"T.","last_name":"Zimmermann"},{"first_name":"L.-W.","full_name":"Pi, L.-W.","last_name":"Pi"},{"id":"71b4d059-2a03-11ee-914d-dfa3beed6530","last_name":"Baykusheva","first_name":"Denitsa Rangelova","full_name":"Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova"},{"last_name":"Masood","full_name":"Masood, H. A.","first_name":"H. A."}],"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8871819","oa_version":"None","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","type":"conference","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781728104706"],"eisbn":["9781728104690"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8871819","year":"2019","date_created":"2023-08-09T13:10:49Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The advancement of attosecond chronoscopy has made it possible to reveal ultrashort time dynamics of photoionization [1]. Ionization delay measurements in atomic targets provide a wealth of information about the timing of the photoelectric effect [2], resonances, electron correlations and transport. The extension of this approach to molecules, however, presents great challenges. In addition to the difficulty of identifying correct ionization channels, it is hard to disentangle the role of the anisotropic molecular landscape from the delays inherent to the excitation process itself. Here, we present the measurements of ionization delays from ethyl iodide around the 4d giant dipole resonance of iodine. We employ attosecond streaking spectroscopy, which enables to disentangle the contribution to the delay from the functional ethyl group, being responsible for the characteristic chemical reactivity of the molecule. An attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse ionizes the molecule around the energy of the giant resonance and the released electron is exposed to the ponderomotive force of a synchronized near-infrared (NIR) field, which yields a streaking spectrogram (see figure). Comparative phase analysis of the spectrograms corresponding to iodine 4d and neon 2p emission permits extracting overall photoemission delays for ethyl iodide. The data is recorded for multiple photon energies around the iodine 4d resonance and compared to classical Wigner propagation [3] and quantum scattering [4] calculations. Here the outgoing electron, produced via inner shell ionization of the iodine atom in ethyl iodide, and thereby hardly influenced by the molecular potential during the birth process, acquires the necessary information about the influence of the functional ethyl group during its propagation. We find significant delay contributions that can distinguish between different functional groups, providing a sensitive probe of the local molecular environment [5]. This would stimulate to perform further angle resolved measurements in molecules to probe the potential landscape in three dimension."}],"date_published":"2019-10-17T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","title":"Probing molecular influence on photoemission delays","publication":"2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference","month":"10","citation":{"short":"S. Biswas, I. Liontos, A.M. Kamal, N.G. Kling, A.F. Alharbi, M. Alharbi, A.M. Azzeer, H.J. Worner, A.S. Landsman, M.F. Kling, B. Forg, J. Schotz, W. Schweinberger, L. Ortmann, T. Zimmermann, L.-W. Pi, D.R. Baykusheva, H.A. Masood, in:, 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2019.","ieee":"S. Biswas et al., “Probing molecular influence on photoemission delays,” in 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference, Munich, Germany, 2019.","apa":"Biswas, S., Liontos, I., Kamal, A. M., Kling, N. G., Alharbi, A. F., Alharbi, M., … Masood, H. A. (2019). Probing molecular influence on photoemission delays. In 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference. Munich, Germany: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8871819","chicago":"Biswas, Shubhadeep, I. Liontos, A. M. Kamal, N. G. Kling, A. F. Alharbi, M. Alharbi, A. M. Azzeer, et al. “Probing Molecular Influence on Photoemission Delays.” In 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8871819.","ama":"Biswas S, Liontos I, Kamal AM, et al. Probing molecular influence on photoemission delays. In: 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 2019. doi:10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8871819","ista":"Biswas S, Liontos I, Kamal AM, Kling NG, Alharbi AF, Alharbi M, Azzeer AM, Worner HJ, Landsman AS, Kling MF, Forg B, Schotz J, Schweinberger W, Ortmann L, Zimmermann T, Pi L-W, Baykusheva DR, Masood HA. 2019. Probing molecular influence on photoemission delays. 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference. CLEO: European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 8871819.","mla":"Biswas, Shubhadeep, et al. “Probing Molecular Influence on Photoemission Delays.” 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference, 8871819, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2019, doi:10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8871819."},"extern":"1","day":"17","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published"},{"external_id":{"arxiv":["1905.01258"]},"conference":{"end_date":"2020-05-01","location":"Virtual","name":"ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations","start_date":"2020-04-26"},"date_updated":"2023-09-12T07:01:34Z","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"type":"conference","oa_version":"Preprint","_id":"14184","quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","author":[{"id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","last_name":"Locatello","first_name":"Francesco","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco"},{"first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Tschannen, Michael","last_name":"Tschannen"},{"last_name":"Bauer","first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Bauer, Stefan"},{"last_name":"Rätsch","full_name":"Rätsch, Gunnar","first_name":"Gunnar"},{"last_name":"Schölkopf","first_name":"Bernhard","full_name":"Schölkopf, Bernhard"},{"last_name":"Bachem","first_name":"Olivier","full_name":"Bachem, Olivier"}],"date_created":"2023-08-22T14:06:37Z","year":"2019","citation":{"ama":"Locatello F, Tschannen M, Bauer S, Rätsch G, Schölkopf B, Bachem O. Disentangling factors of variation using few labels. In: 8th International Conference on Learning Representations. ; 2019.","chicago":"Locatello, Francesco, Michael Tschannen, Stefan Bauer, Gunnar Rätsch, Bernhard Schölkopf, and Olivier Bachem. “Disentangling Factors of Variation Using Few Labels.” In 8th International Conference on Learning Representations, 2019.","ieee":"F. Locatello, M. Tschannen, S. Bauer, G. Rätsch, B. Schölkopf, and O. Bachem, “Disentangling factors of variation using few labels,” in 8th International Conference on Learning Representations, Virtual, 2019.","apa":"Locatello, F., Tschannen, M., Bauer, S., Rätsch, G., Schölkopf, B., & Bachem, O. (2019). Disentangling factors of variation using few labels. In 8th International Conference on Learning Representations. Virtual.","short":"F. Locatello, M. Tschannen, S. Bauer, G. Rätsch, B. Schölkopf, O. Bachem, in:, 8th International Conference on Learning Representations, 2019.","mla":"Locatello, Francesco, et al. “Disentangling Factors of Variation Using Few Labels.” 8th International Conference on Learning Representations, 2019.","ista":"Locatello F, Tschannen M, Bauer S, Rätsch G, Schölkopf B, Bachem O. 2019. Disentangling factors of variation using few labels. 8th International Conference on Learning Representations. ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations."},"title":"Disentangling factors of variation using few labels","publication":"8th International Conference on Learning Representations","month":"12","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"text":"Learning disentangled representations is considered a cornerstone problem in\r\nrepresentation learning. Recently, Locatello et al. (2019) demonstrated that\r\nunsupervised disentanglement learning without inductive biases is theoretically\r\nimpossible and that existing inductive biases and unsupervised methods do not\r\nallow to consistently learn disentangled representations. However, in many\r\npractical settings, one might have access to a limited amount of supervision,\r\nfor example through manual labeling of (some) factors of variation in a few\r\ntraining examples. In this paper, we investigate the impact of such supervision\r\non state-of-the-art disentanglement methods and perform a large scale study,\r\ntraining over 52000 models under well-defined and reproducible experimental\r\nconditions. We observe that a small number of labeled examples (0.01--0.5\\% of\r\nthe data set), with potentially imprecise and incomplete labels, is sufficient\r\nto perform model selection on state-of-the-art unsupervised models. Further, we\r\ninvestigate the benefit of incorporating supervision into the training process.\r\nOverall, we empirically validate that with little and imprecise supervision it\r\nis possible to reliably learn disentangled representations.","lang":"eng"}],"date_published":"2019-12-20T00:00:00Z","day":"20","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.01258","open_access":"1"}],"department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"publication_status":"published"},{"day":"16","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"year":"2019","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2019-05-16T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We consider the problem of recovering a common latent source with independent\r\ncomponents from multiple views. This applies to settings in which a variable is\r\nmeasured with multiple experimental modalities, and where the goal is to\r\nsynthesize the disparate measurements into a single unified representation. We\r\nconsider the case that the observed views are a nonlinear mixing of\r\ncomponent-wise corruptions of the sources. When the views are considered\r\nseparately, this reduces to nonlinear Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for\r\nwhich it is provably impossible to undo the mixing. We present novel\r\nidentifiability proofs that this is possible when the multiple views are\r\nconsidered jointly, showing that the mixing can theoretically be undone using\r\nfunction approximators such as deep neural networks. In contrast to known\r\nidentifiability results for nonlinear ICA, we prove that independent latent\r\nsources with arbitrary mixing can be recovered as long as multiple,\r\nsufficiently different noisy views are available."}],"month":"05","citation":{"mla":"Gresele, Luigi, et al. “The Incomplete Rosetta Stone Problem: Identifiability Results for Multi-View Nonlinear ICA.” Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 115, ML Research Press, 2019, pp. 217–27.","ista":"Gresele L, Rubenstein PK, Mehrjou A, Locatello F, Schölkopf B. 2019. The incomplete Rosetta Stone problem: Identifiability results for multi-view nonlinear ICA. Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. UAI: Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, PMLR, vol. 115, 217–227.","ieee":"L. Gresele, P. K. Rubenstein, A. Mehrjou, F. Locatello, and B. Schölkopf, “The incomplete Rosetta Stone problem: Identifiability results for multi-view nonlinear ICA,” in Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2019, vol. 115, pp. 217–227.","short":"L. Gresele, P.K. Rubenstein, A. Mehrjou, F. Locatello, B. Schölkopf, in:, Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, ML Research Press, 2019, pp. 217–227.","apa":"Gresele, L., Rubenstein, P. K., Mehrjou, A., Locatello, F., & Schölkopf, B. (2019). The incomplete Rosetta Stone problem: Identifiability results for multi-view nonlinear ICA. In Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (Vol. 115, pp. 217–227). Tel Aviv, Israel: ML Research Press.","ama":"Gresele L, Rubenstein PK, Mehrjou A, Locatello F, Schölkopf B. The incomplete Rosetta Stone problem: Identifiability results for multi-view nonlinear ICA. In: Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. Vol 115. ML Research Press; 2019:217-227.","chicago":"Gresele, Luigi, Paul K. Rubenstein, Arash Mehrjou, Francesco Locatello, and Bernhard Schölkopf. “The Incomplete Rosetta Stone Problem: Identifiability Results for Multi-View Nonlinear ICA.” In Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 115:217–27. ML Research Press, 2019."},"title":"The incomplete Rosetta Stone problem: Identifiability results for multi-view nonlinear ICA","intvolume":" 115","_id":"14189","author":[{"last_name":"Gresele","first_name":"Luigi","full_name":"Gresele, Luigi"},{"full_name":"Rubenstein, Paul K.","first_name":"Paul K.","last_name":"Rubenstein"},{"first_name":"Arash","full_name":"Mehrjou, Arash","last_name":"Mehrjou"},{"full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Locatello","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683"},{"first_name":"Bernhard","full_name":"Schölkopf, Bernhard","last_name":"Schölkopf"}],"status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Preprint","conference":{"location":"Tel Aviv, Israel","end_date":"2019-07-25","start_date":"2019-07-22","name":"UAI: Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["1905.06642"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"scopus_import":"1","extern":"1","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.06642"}],"date_created":"2023-08-22T14:08:35Z","alternative_title":["PMLR"],"volume":115,"publication":"Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence","page":"217-227","type":"conference","publisher":"ML Research Press","date_updated":"2023-09-12T08:07:38Z"},{"date_updated":"2023-09-13T09:46:38Z","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"arxiv":["1906.03292"]},"conference":{"end_date":"2019-12-14","location":"Vancouver, Canada","name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems","start_date":"2019-12-08"},"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781713807933"]},"oa_version":"Preprint","type":"conference","status":"public","_id":"14190","author":[{"full_name":"Gondal, Muhammad Waleed","first_name":"Muhammad Waleed","last_name":"Gondal"},{"last_name":"Wüthrich","full_name":"Wüthrich, Manuel","first_name":"Manuel"},{"last_name":"Miladinović","full_name":"Miladinović, Đorđe","first_name":"Đorđe"},{"full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Locatello","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683"},{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Breidt, Martin","last_name":"Breidt"},{"first_name":"Valentin","full_name":"Volchkov, Valentin","last_name":"Volchkov"},{"last_name":"Akpo","first_name":"Joel","full_name":"Akpo, Joel"},{"last_name":"Bachem","first_name":"Olivier","full_name":"Bachem, Olivier"},{"first_name":"Bernhard","full_name":"Schölkopf, Bernhard","last_name":"Schölkopf"},{"last_name":"Bauer","first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Bauer, Stefan"}],"quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":" 32","citation":{"ieee":"M. W. Gondal et al., “On the transfer of inductive bias from simulation to the real world: a new disentanglement dataset,” in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Vancouver, Canada, 2019, vol. 32.","apa":"Gondal, M. W., Wüthrich, M., Miladinović, Đ., Locatello, F., Breidt, M., Volchkov, V., … Bauer, S. (2019). On the transfer of inductive bias from simulation to the real world: a new disentanglement dataset. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (Vol. 32). Vancouver, Canada.","short":"M.W. Gondal, M. Wüthrich, Đ. Miladinović, F. Locatello, M. Breidt, V. Volchkov, J. Akpo, O. Bachem, B. Schölkopf, S. Bauer, in:, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2019.","ama":"Gondal MW, Wüthrich M, Miladinović Đ, et al. On the transfer of inductive bias from simulation to the real world: a new disentanglement dataset. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. Vol 32. ; 2019.","chicago":"Gondal, Muhammad Waleed, Manuel Wüthrich, Đorđe Miladinović, Francesco Locatello, Martin Breidt, Valentin Volchkov, Joel Akpo, Olivier Bachem, Bernhard Schölkopf, and Stefan Bauer. “On the Transfer of Inductive Bias from Simulation to the Real World: A New Disentanglement Dataset.” In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Vol. 32, 2019.","mla":"Gondal, Muhammad Waleed, et al. “On the Transfer of Inductive Bias from Simulation to the Real World: A New Disentanglement Dataset.” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 32, 2019.","ista":"Gondal MW, Wüthrich M, Miladinović Đ, Locatello F, Breidt M, Volchkov V, Akpo J, Bachem O, Schölkopf B, Bauer S. 2019. On the transfer of inductive bias from simulation to the real world: a new disentanglement dataset. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems vol. 32."},"title":"On the transfer of inductive bias from simulation to the real world: a new disentanglement dataset","publication":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","month":"06","abstract":[{"text":"Learning meaningful and compact representations with disentangled semantic\r\naspects is considered to be of key importance in representation learning. Since\r\nreal-world data is notoriously costly to collect, many recent state-of-the-art\r\ndisentanglement models have heavily relied on synthetic toy data-sets. In this\r\npaper, we propose a novel data-set which consists of over one million images of\r\nphysical 3D objects with seven factors of variation, such as object color,\r\nshape, size and position. In order to be able to control all the factors of\r\nvariation precisely, we built an experimental platform where the objects are\r\nbeing moved by a robotic arm. In addition, we provide two more datasets which\r\nconsist of simulations of the experimental setup. These datasets provide for\r\nthe first time the possibility to systematically investigate how well different\r\ndisentanglement methods perform on real data in comparison to simulation, and\r\nhow simulated data can be leveraged to build better representations of the real\r\nworld. We provide a first experimental study of these questions and our results\r\nindicate that learned models transfer poorly, but that model and hyperparameter\r\nselection is an effective means of transferring information to the real world.","lang":"eng"}],"date_published":"2019-06-07T00:00:00Z","volume":32,"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","date_created":"2023-08-22T14:09:13Z","year":"2019","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.03292","open_access":"1"}],"publication_status":"published","oa":1,"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"07"},{"page":"14291–14301","type":"conference","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781713807933"]},"date_updated":"2023-09-12T08:48:45Z","oa":1,"extern":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.10348"}],"date_created":"2023-08-22T14:09:35Z","volume":32,"publication":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","intvolume":" 32","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"14191","author":[{"last_name":"Locatello","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","first_name":"Francesco"},{"last_name":"Yurtsever","full_name":"Yurtsever, Alp","first_name":"Alp"},{"last_name":"Fercoq","first_name":"Olivier","full_name":"Fercoq, Olivier"},{"full_name":"Cevher, Volkan","first_name":"Volkan","last_name":"Cevher"}],"status":"public","oa_version":"Preprint","conference":{"end_date":"2019-12-14","location":"Vancouver, Canada","name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems","start_date":"2019-12-08"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["1901.10348"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"scopus_import":"1","day":"29","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"year":"2019","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A broad class of convex optimization problems can be formulated as a semidefinite program (SDP), minimization of a convex function over the positive-semidefinite cone subject to some affine constraints. The majority of classical SDP solvers are designed for the deterministic setting where problem data is readily available. In this setting, generalized conditional gradient methods (aka Frank-Wolfe-type methods) provide scalable solutions by leveraging the so-called linear minimization oracle instead of the projection onto the semidefinite cone. Most problems in machine learning and modern engineering applications, however, contain some degree of stochasticity. In this work, we propose the first conditional-gradient-type method for solving stochastic optimization problems under affine constraints. Our method guarantees O(k−1/3) convergence rate in expectation on the objective residual and O(k−5/12) on the feasibility gap."}],"date_published":"2019-12-29T00:00:00Z","citation":{"mla":"Locatello, Francesco, et al. “Stochastic Frank-Wolfe for Composite Convex Minimization.” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 32, 2019, pp. 14291–14301.","ista":"Locatello F, Yurtsever A, Fercoq O, Cevher V. 2019. Stochastic Frank-Wolfe for composite convex minimization. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems vol. 32, 14291–14301.","short":"F. Locatello, A. Yurtsever, O. Fercoq, V. Cevher, in:, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2019, pp. 14291–14301.","apa":"Locatello, F., Yurtsever, A., Fercoq, O., & Cevher, V. (2019). Stochastic Frank-Wolfe for composite convex minimization. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (Vol. 32, pp. 14291–14301). Vancouver, Canada.","ieee":"F. Locatello, A. Yurtsever, O. Fercoq, and V. Cevher, “Stochastic Frank-Wolfe for composite convex minimization,” in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Vancouver, Canada, 2019, vol. 32, pp. 14291–14301.","ama":"Locatello F, Yurtsever A, Fercoq O, Cevher V. Stochastic Frank-Wolfe for composite convex minimization. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. Vol 32. ; 2019:14291–14301.","chicago":"Locatello, Francesco, Alp Yurtsever, Olivier Fercoq, and Volkan Cevher. “Stochastic Frank-Wolfe for Composite Convex Minimization.” In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 32:14291–14301, 2019."},"month":"12","title":"Stochastic Frank-Wolfe for composite convex minimization"},{"external_id":{"arxiv":["1905.12506"]},"conference":{"location":"Vancouver, Canada","end_date":"2019-12-14","name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems","start_date":"2019-12-08"},"date_updated":"2024-10-14T12:28:15Z","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","type":"conference","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"14193","author":[{"last_name":"Steenkiste","full_name":"Steenkiste, Sjoerd van","first_name":"Sjoerd van"},{"full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Locatello","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4"},{"last_name":"Schmidhuber","full_name":"Schmidhuber, Jürgen","first_name":"Jürgen"},{"first_name":"Olivier","full_name":"Bachem, Olivier","last_name":"Bachem"}],"status":"public","intvolume":" 32","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781713807933"]},"date_created":"2023-08-22T14:09:53Z","year":"2019","citation":{"apa":"Steenkiste, S. van, Locatello, F., Schmidhuber, J., & Bachem, O. (2019). Are disentangled representations helpful for abstract visual reasoning? In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (Vol. 32). Vancouver, Canada.","short":"S. van Steenkiste, F. Locatello, J. Schmidhuber, O. Bachem, in:, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2019.","ieee":"S. van Steenkiste, F. Locatello, J. Schmidhuber, and O. Bachem, “Are disentangled representations helpful for abstract visual reasoning?,” in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Vancouver, Canada, 2019, vol. 32.","ama":"Steenkiste S van, Locatello F, Schmidhuber J, Bachem O. Are disentangled representations helpful for abstract visual reasoning? In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. Vol 32. ; 2019.","chicago":"Steenkiste, Sjoerd van, Francesco Locatello, Jürgen Schmidhuber, and Olivier Bachem. “Are Disentangled Representations Helpful for Abstract Visual Reasoning?” In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Vol. 32, 2019.","mla":"Steenkiste, Sjoerd van, et al. “Are Disentangled Representations Helpful for Abstract Visual Reasoning?” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 32, 2019.","ista":"Steenkiste S van, Locatello F, Schmidhuber J, Bachem O. 2019. Are disentangled representations helpful for abstract visual reasoning? Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems vol. 32."},"publication":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","title":"Are disentangled representations helpful for abstract visual reasoning?","month":"05","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A disentangled representation encodes information about the salient factors\r\nof variation in the data independently. Although it is often argued that this\r\nrepresentational format is useful in learning to solve many real-world\r\ndown-stream tasks, there is little empirical evidence that supports this claim.\r\nIn this paper, we conduct a large-scale study that investigates whether\r\ndisentangled representations are more suitable for abstract reasoning tasks.\r\nUsing two new tasks similar to Raven's Progressive Matrices, we evaluate the\r\nusefulness of the representations learned by 360 state-of-the-art unsupervised\r\ndisentanglement models. Based on these representations, we train 3600 abstract\r\nreasoning models and observe that disentangled representations do in fact lead\r\nto better down-stream performance. In particular, they enable quicker learning\r\nusing fewer samples."}],"date_published":"2019-05-29T00:00:00Z","volume":32,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa":1,"extern":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"29","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1905.12506","open_access":"1"}],"publication_status":"published"},{"day":"08","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"publication_status":"published","year":"2019","month":"12","citation":{"ama":"Locatello F, Abbati G, Rainforth T, Bauer S, Schölkopf B, Bachem O. On the fairness of disentangled representations. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. Vol 32. ; 2019:14611–14624.","chicago":"Locatello, Francesco, Gabriele Abbati, Tom Rainforth, Stefan Bauer, Bernhard Schölkopf, and Olivier Bachem. “On the Fairness of Disentangled Representations.” In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 32:14611–14624, 2019.","apa":"Locatello, F., Abbati, G., Rainforth, T., Bauer, S., Schölkopf, B., & Bachem, O. (2019). On the fairness of disentangled representations. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (Vol. 32, pp. 14611–14624). Vancouver, Canada.","short":"F. Locatello, G. Abbati, T. Rainforth, S. Bauer, B. Schölkopf, O. Bachem, in:, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2019, pp. 14611–14624.","ieee":"F. Locatello, G. Abbati, T. Rainforth, S. Bauer, B. Schölkopf, and O. Bachem, “On the fairness of disentangled representations,” in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Vancouver, Canada, 2019, vol. 32, pp. 14611–14624.","mla":"Locatello, Francesco, et al. “On the Fairness of Disentangled Representations.” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 32, 2019, pp. 14611–14624.","ista":"Locatello F, Abbati G, Rainforth T, Bauer S, Schölkopf B, Bachem O. 2019. On the fairness of disentangled representations. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems vol. 32, 14611–14624."},"title":"On the fairness of disentangled representations","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Recently there has been a significant interest in learning disentangled\r\nrepresentations, as they promise increased interpretability, generalization to\r\nunseen scenarios and faster learning on downstream tasks. In this paper, we\r\ninvestigate the usefulness of different notions of disentanglement for\r\nimproving the fairness of downstream prediction tasks based on representations.\r\nWe consider the setting where the goal is to predict a target variable based on\r\nthe learned representation of high-dimensional observations (such as images)\r\nthat depend on both the target variable and an \\emph{unobserved} sensitive\r\nvariable. We show that in this setting both the optimal and empirical\r\npredictions can be unfair, even if the target variable and the sensitive\r\nvariable are independent. Analyzing the representations of more than\r\n\\num{12600} trained state-of-the-art disentangled models, we observe that\r\nseveral disentanglement scores are consistently correlated with increased\r\nfairness, suggesting that disentanglement may be a useful property to encourage\r\nfairness when sensitive variables are not observed."}],"date_published":"2019-12-08T00:00:00Z","oa_version":"Preprint","intvolume":" 32","author":[{"first_name":"Francesco","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","last_name":"Locatello"},{"last_name":"Abbati","first_name":"Gabriele","full_name":"Abbati, Gabriele"},{"first_name":"Tom","full_name":"Rainforth, Tom","last_name":"Rainforth"},{"full_name":"Bauer, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Bauer"},{"last_name":"Schölkopf","first_name":"Bernhard","full_name":"Schölkopf, Bernhard"},{"full_name":"Bachem, Olivier","first_name":"Olivier","last_name":"Bachem"}],"_id":"14197","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["1905.13662"]},"conference":{"start_date":"2019-12-08","name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems","end_date":"2019-12-14","location":"Vancouver, Canada"},"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"oa":1,"extern":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.13662","open_access":"1"}],"date_created":"2023-08-22T14:12:28Z","publication":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","volume":32,"type":"conference","page":"14611–14624","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781713807933"]},"date_updated":"2024-10-14T12:29:05Z"},{"year":"2019","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2019-06-09T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"The key idea behind the unsupervised learning of disentangled representations\r\nis that real-world data is generated by a few explanatory factors of variation\r\nwhich can be recovered by unsupervised learning algorithms. In this paper, we\r\nprovide a sober look at recent progress in the field and challenge some common\r\nassumptions. We first theoretically show that the unsupervised learning of\r\ndisentangled representations is fundamentally impossible without inductive\r\nbiases on both the models and the data. Then, we train more than 12000 models\r\ncovering most prominent methods and evaluation metrics in a reproducible\r\nlarge-scale experimental study on seven different data sets. We observe that\r\nwhile the different methods successfully enforce properties ``encouraged'' by\r\nthe corresponding losses, well-disentangled models seemingly cannot be\r\nidentified without supervision. Furthermore, increased disentanglement does not\r\nseem to lead to a decreased sample complexity of learning for downstream tasks.\r\nOur results suggest that future work on disentanglement learning should be\r\nexplicit about the role of inductive biases and (implicit) supervision,\r\ninvestigate concrete benefits of enforcing disentanglement of the learned\r\nrepresentations, and consider a reproducible experimental setup covering\r\nseveral data sets.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"06","title":"Challenging common assumptions in the unsupervised learning of disentangled representations","citation":{"apa":"Locatello, F., Bauer, S., Lucic, M., Rätsch, G., Gelly, S., Schölkopf, B., & Bachem, O. (2019). Challenging common assumptions in the unsupervised learning of disentangled representations. In Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning (Vol. 97, pp. 4114–4124). Long Beach, CA, United States: ML Research Press.","ieee":"F. Locatello et al., “Challenging common assumptions in the unsupervised learning of disentangled representations,” in Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning, Long Beach, CA, United States, 2019, vol. 97, pp. 4114–4124.","short":"F. Locatello, S. Bauer, M. Lucic, G. Rätsch, S. Gelly, B. Schölkopf, O. Bachem, in:, Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning, ML Research Press, 2019, pp. 4114–4124.","ama":"Locatello F, Bauer S, Lucic M, et al. Challenging common assumptions in the unsupervised learning of disentangled representations. In: Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning. Vol 97. ML Research Press; 2019:4114-4124.","chicago":"Locatello, Francesco, Stefan Bauer, Mario Lucic, Gunnar Rätsch, Sylvain Gelly, Bernhard Schölkopf, and Olivier Bachem. “Challenging Common Assumptions in the Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representations.” In Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning, 97:4114–24. ML Research Press, 2019.","ista":"Locatello F, Bauer S, Lucic M, Rätsch G, Gelly S, Schölkopf B, Bachem O. 2019. Challenging common assumptions in the unsupervised learning of disentangled representations. Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning. International Conference on Machine Learning vol. 97, 4114–4124.","mla":"Locatello, Francesco, et al. “Challenging Common Assumptions in the Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representations.” Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning, vol. 97, ML Research Press, 2019, pp. 4114–24."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"09","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"conference":{"end_date":"2019-06-15","location":"Long Beach, CA, United States","start_date":"2019-06-10","name":"International Conference on Machine Learning"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["1811.12359"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"scopus_import":"1","intvolume":" 97","status":"public","_id":"14200","author":[{"first_name":"Francesco","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","last_name":"Locatello"},{"last_name":"Bauer","first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Bauer, Stefan"},{"last_name":"Lucic","full_name":"Lucic, Mario","first_name":"Mario"},{"full_name":"Rätsch, Gunnar","first_name":"Gunnar","last_name":"Rätsch"},{"first_name":"Sylvain","full_name":"Gelly, Sylvain","last_name":"Gelly"},{"last_name":"Schölkopf","first_name":"Bernhard","full_name":"Schölkopf, Bernhard"},{"full_name":"Bachem, Olivier","first_name":"Olivier","last_name":"Bachem"}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Preprint","date_created":"2023-08-22T14:13:08Z","volume":97,"publication":"Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning","oa":1,"extern":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.12359"}],"date_updated":"2024-10-14T12:29:16Z","page":"4114-4124","type":"conference","publisher":"ML Research Press"},{"oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"full_name":"FAS, Engelhardt","first_name":"Engelhardt","last_name":"FAS"},{"first_name":"Florian M","full_name":"Praetorius, Florian M","id":"dfec9381-4341-11ee-8fd8-faa02bba7d62","last_name":"Praetorius"},{"last_name":"Wachauf","first_name":"CH","full_name":"Wachauf, CH"},{"last_name":"Brüggenthies","first_name":"G","full_name":"Brüggenthies, G"},{"full_name":"Kohler, F","first_name":"F","last_name":"Kohler"},{"last_name":"Kick","first_name":"B","full_name":"Kick, B"},{"full_name":"Kadletz, KL","first_name":"KL","last_name":"Kadletz"},{"full_name":"Pham, PN","first_name":"PN","last_name":"Pham"},{"full_name":"Behler, KL","first_name":"KL","last_name":"Behler"},{"full_name":"Gerling, T","first_name":"T","last_name":"Gerling"},{"last_name":"Dietz","full_name":"Dietz, H","first_name":"H"}],"_id":"14299","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":" 13","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.9b01025","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b01025","external_id":{"pmid":["30990672"]},"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"16","publication_status":"published","year":"2019","citation":{"mla":"FAS, Engelhardt, et al. “Custom-Size, Functional, and Durable DNA Origami with Design-Specific Scaffolds.” ACS Nano, vol. 13, no. 5, ACS Publications, 2019, pp. 5015–27, doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b01025.","ista":"FAS E, Praetorius FM, Wachauf C, Brüggenthies G, Kohler F, Kick B, Kadletz K, Pham P, Behler K, Gerling T, Dietz H. 2019. Custom-size, functional, and durable DNA origami with design-specific scaffolds. ACS Nano. 13(5), 5015–5027.","chicago":"FAS, Engelhardt, Florian M Praetorius, CH Wachauf, G Brüggenthies, F Kohler, B Kick, KL Kadletz, et al. “Custom-Size, Functional, and Durable DNA Origami with Design-Specific Scaffolds.” ACS Nano. ACS Publications, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b01025.","ama":"FAS E, Praetorius FM, Wachauf C, et al. Custom-size, functional, and durable DNA origami with design-specific scaffolds. ACS Nano. 2019;13(5):5015-5027. doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b01025","ieee":"E. FAS et al., “Custom-size, functional, and durable DNA origami with design-specific scaffolds,” ACS Nano, vol. 13, no. 5. ACS Publications, pp. 5015–5027, 2019.","short":"E. FAS, F.M. Praetorius, C. Wachauf, G. Brüggenthies, F. Kohler, B. Kick, K. Kadletz, P. Pham, K. Behler, T. Gerling, H. Dietz, ACS Nano 13 (2019) 5015–5027.","apa":"FAS, E., Praetorius, F. M., Wachauf, C., Brüggenthies, G., Kohler, F., Kick, B., … Dietz, H. (2019). Custom-size, functional, and durable DNA origami with design-specific scaffolds. ACS Nano. ACS Publications. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b01025"},"month":"04","title":"Custom-size, functional, and durable DNA origami with design-specific scaffolds","date_published":"2019-04-16T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"DNA origami nano-objects are usually designed around generic single-stranded “scaffolds”. Many properties of the target object are determined by details of those generic scaffold sequences. Here, we enable designers to fully specify the target structure not only in terms of desired 3D shape but also in terms of the sequences used. To this end, we built design tools to construct scaffold sequences de novo based on strand diagrams, and we developed scalable production methods for creating design-specific scaffold strands with fully user-defined sequences. We used 17 custom scaffolds having different lengths and sequence properties to study the influence of sequence redundancy and sequence composition on multilayer DNA origami assembly and to realize efficient one-pot assembly of multiscaffold DNA origami objects. Furthermore, as examples for functionalized scaffolds, we created a scaffold that enables direct, covalent cross-linking of DNA origami via UV irradiation, and we built DNAzyme-containing scaffolds that allow postfolding DNA origami domain separation.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"ACS Publications","type":"journal_article","page":"5015-5027","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1936-086x"],"issn":["1936-0851"]},"pmid":1,"article_type":"original","date_updated":"2023-11-07T12:17:31Z","extern":"1","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b01025","open_access":"1"}],"issue":"5","date_created":"2023-09-06T12:48:47Z","publication":"ACS Nano","volume":13},{"date_updated":"2023-09-08T13:25:35Z","page":"257 - 311","type":"journal_article","publisher":"Elsevier","isi":1,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:54Z","issue":"1","volume":266,"publication":"Journal of Differential Equations","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1408.1587"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000449108500010"],"arxiv":["1408.1587"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"scopus_import":"1","intvolume":" 266","doi":"10.1016/j.jde.2018.07.045","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"151","status":"public","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-0479-558X","id":"2C12A0B0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fischer","first_name":"Julian L","full_name":"Fischer, Julian L"},{"full_name":"Kneuss, Olivier","first_name":"Olivier","last_name":"Kneuss"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","publist_id":"7770","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2018.07.045","year":"2019","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","abstract":[{"text":"We construct planar bi-Sobolev mappings whose local volume distortion is bounded from below by a given function f∈Lp with p>1. More precisely, for any 1<q<(p+1)/2 we construct W1,q-bi-Sobolev maps with identity boundary conditions; for f∈L∞, we provide bi-Lipschitz maps. The basic building block of our construction are bi-Lipschitz maps which stretch a given compact subset of the unit square by a given factor while preserving the boundary. The construction of these stretching maps relies on a slight strengthening of the celebrated covering result of Alberti, Csörnyei, and Preiss for measurable planar sets in the case of compact sets. We apply our result to a model functional in nonlinear elasticity, the integrand of which features fast blowup as the Jacobian determinant of the deformation becomes small. For such functionals, the derivation of the equilibrium equations for minimizers requires an additional regularization of test functions, which our maps provide.","lang":"eng"}],"date_published":"2019-01-05T00:00:00Z","month":"01","title":"Bi-Sobolev solutions to the prescribed Jacobian inequality in the plane with L p data and applications to nonlinear elasticity","citation":{"chicago":"Fischer, Julian L, and Olivier Kneuss. “Bi-Sobolev Solutions to the Prescribed Jacobian Inequality in the Plane with L p Data and Applications to Nonlinear Elasticity.” Journal of Differential Equations. Elsevier, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2018.07.045.","ama":"Fischer JL, Kneuss O. Bi-Sobolev solutions to the prescribed Jacobian inequality in the plane with L p data and applications to nonlinear elasticity. Journal of Differential Equations. 2019;266(1):257-311. doi:10.1016/j.jde.2018.07.045","ieee":"J. L. Fischer and O. Kneuss, “Bi-Sobolev solutions to the prescribed Jacobian inequality in the plane with L p data and applications to nonlinear elasticity,” Journal of Differential Equations, vol. 266, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 257–311, 2019.","short":"J.L. Fischer, O. Kneuss, Journal of Differential Equations 266 (2019) 257–311.","apa":"Fischer, J. L., & Kneuss, O. (2019). Bi-Sobolev solutions to the prescribed Jacobian inequality in the plane with L p data and applications to nonlinear elasticity. Journal of Differential Equations. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2018.07.045","mla":"Fischer, Julian L., and Olivier Kneuss. “Bi-Sobolev Solutions to the Prescribed Jacobian Inequality in the Plane with L p Data and Applications to Nonlinear Elasticity.” Journal of Differential Equations, vol. 266, no. 1, Elsevier, 2019, pp. 257–311, doi:10.1016/j.jde.2018.07.045.","ista":"Fischer JL, Kneuss O. 2019. Bi-Sobolev solutions to the prescribed Jacobian inequality in the plane with L p data and applications to nonlinear elasticity. Journal of Differential Equations. 266(1), 257–311."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"05","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"JuFi"}]},{"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/740464","oa_version":"Preprint","type":"preprint","_id":"15147","status":"public","author":[{"last_name":"Fribourgh","full_name":"Fribourgh, Jennifer L.","first_name":"Jennifer L."},{"last_name":"Srivastava","full_name":"Srivastava, Ashutosh","first_name":"Ashutosh"},{"last_name":"Sandate","first_name":"Colby R.","full_name":"Sandate, Colby R."},{"first_name":"Alicia","full_name":"Michael, Alicia","orcid":"0000-0002-6080-839X","id":"6437c950-2a03-11ee-914d-d6476dd7b75c","last_name":"Michael"},{"last_name":"Hsu","full_name":"Hsu, Peter L.","first_name":"Peter L."},{"first_name":"Christin","full_name":"Rakers, Christin","last_name":"Rakers"},{"last_name":"Nguyen","first_name":"Leslee T.","full_name":"Nguyen, Leslee T."},{"first_name":"Megan R.","full_name":"Torgrimson, Megan R.","last_name":"Torgrimson"},{"first_name":"Gian Carlo G.","full_name":"Parico, Gian Carlo G.","last_name":"Parico"},{"last_name":"Tripathi","first_name":"Sarvind","full_name":"Tripathi, Sarvind"},{"last_name":"Zheng","first_name":"Ning","full_name":"Zheng, Ning"},{"full_name":"Lander, Gabriel C.","first_name":"Gabriel C.","last_name":"Lander"},{"full_name":"Hirota, Tsuyoshi","first_name":"Tsuyoshi","last_name":"Hirota"},{"last_name":"Tama","full_name":"Tama, Florence","first_name":"Florence"},{"first_name":"Carrie L.","full_name":"Partch, Carrie L.","last_name":"Partch"}],"doi":"10.1101/740464","date_updated":"2025-09-24T09:00:03Z","article_processing_charge":"No","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/740464","open_access":"1"}],"publication_status":"published","extern":"1","oa":1,"day":"20","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"08","citation":{"apa":"Fribourgh, J. L., Srivastava, A., Sandate, C. R., Michael, A. K., Hsu, P. L., Rakers, C., … Partch, C. L. (2019). Protein dynamics regulate distinct biochemical properties of cryptochromes in mammalian circadian rhythms. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/740464","short":"J.L. Fribourgh, A. Srivastava, C.R. Sandate, A.K. Michael, P.L. Hsu, C. Rakers, L.T. Nguyen, M.R. Torgrimson, G.C.G. Parico, S. Tripathi, N. Zheng, G.C. Lander, T. Hirota, F. Tama, C.L. Partch, BioRxiv (2019).","ieee":"J. L. Fribourgh et al., “Protein dynamics regulate distinct biochemical properties of cryptochromes in mammalian circadian rhythms,” bioRxiv. 2019.","ama":"Fribourgh JL, Srivastava A, Sandate CR, et al. Protein dynamics regulate distinct biochemical properties of cryptochromes in mammalian circadian rhythms. bioRxiv. 2019. doi:10.1101/740464","chicago":"Fribourgh, Jennifer L., Ashutosh Srivastava, Colby R. Sandate, Alicia K. Michael, Peter L. Hsu, Christin Rakers, Leslee T. Nguyen, et al. “Protein Dynamics Regulate Distinct Biochemical Properties of Cryptochromes in Mammalian Circadian Rhythms.” BioRxiv, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1101/740464.","ista":"Fribourgh JL, Srivastava A, Sandate CR, Michael AK, Hsu PL, Rakers C, Nguyen LT, Torgrimson MR, Parico GCG, Tripathi S, Zheng N, Lander GC, Hirota T, Tama F, Partch CL. 2019. Protein dynamics regulate distinct biochemical properties of cryptochromes in mammalian circadian rhythms. bioRxiv, 10.1101/740464.","mla":"Fribourgh, Jennifer L., et al. “Protein Dynamics Regulate Distinct Biochemical Properties of Cryptochromes in Mammalian Circadian Rhythms.” BioRxiv, 2019, doi:10.1101/740464."},"publication":"bioRxiv","title":"Protein dynamics regulate distinct biochemical properties of cryptochromes in mammalian circadian rhythms","date_published":"2019-08-20T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Circadian rhythms are generated by a transcription-based feedback loop where CLOCK:BMAL1 drive transcription of their repressors (PER1/2, CRY1/2), which bind to CLOCK:BMAL1 to close the feedback loop with ~24-hour periodicity. Here we identify a key biochemical and structural difference between CRY1 and CRY2 that underlies their differential strengths as transcriptional repressors. While both cryptochromes bind the BMAL1 transactivation domain with similar affinity to sequester it from coactivators, CRY1 is recruited with much higher affinity to the PAS domain core of CLOCK:BMAL1, allowing it to serve as a stronger repressor that lengthens circadian period. We identify a dynamic loop in the secondary pocket that regulates differential binding of cryptochromes to the PAS domain core. Notably, PER2 binding remodels this loop in CRY2 to enhance its affinity for CLOCK:BMAL1, explaining why CRY2 forms an obligate heterodimer with PER2, while CRY1 is capable of repressing CLOCK:BMAL1 both with and without PER2."}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2024-03-21T07:51:10Z","year":"2019"},{"volume":880,"publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","date_created":"2024-03-26T10:37:01Z","issue":"2","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1906.04727","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"extern":"1","date_updated":"2024-04-04T14:06:08Z","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],"type":"journal_article","publisher":"American Astronomical Society","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","date_published":"2019-07-26T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We have searched the Gaia DR2 catalog for previously unknown hot white dwarfs in the direction of young open star clusters. The aim of this experiment was to try and extend the initial–final mass relation (IFMR) to somewhat higher masses, potentially challenging the Chandrasekhar limit currently thought to be around 1.38 M⊙. We discovered a particularly interesting white dwarf in the direction of the young ∼150 Myr old cluster Messier 47 (NGC 2422). All Gaia indicators (proper motion, parallax, location in the Gaia color–magnitude diagram) suggest that it is a cluster member. Its spectrum, obtained from Gemini-South, yields a number of anomalies: it is a DB (helium-rich atmosphere) white dwarf, it has a large magnetic field (2.5 MG), is of high mass (∼1.06 M⊙), and its colors are very peculiar—particularly the redder ones (r, i, z and y), which suggests that it may have a late-type companion. This may be the only magnetized, detached binary white dwarf with a non-degenerate companion of any spectral type known in or out of a star cluster. If the white dwarf is a cluster member, as all indicators suggest, its progenitor had a mass just over 6 M⊙. It may, however, be telling an even more interesting story than the one related to the IFMR, one about the origin of stellar magnetic fields, SNe I, and gravitational waves from low-mass stellar systems."}],"month":"07","title":"A massive magnetic helium atmosphere white dwarf binary in a young star cluster","citation":{"short":"H.B. Richer, R. Kerr, J. Heyl, I. Caiazzo, J. Cummings, P. Bergeron, P. Dufour, The Astrophysical Journal 880 (2019).","apa":"Richer, H. B., Kerr, R., Heyl, J., Caiazzo, I., Cummings, J., Bergeron, P., & Dufour, P. (2019). A massive magnetic helium atmosphere white dwarf binary in a young star cluster. The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2874","ieee":"H. B. Richer et al., “A massive magnetic helium atmosphere white dwarf binary in a young star cluster,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 880, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, 2019.","chicago":"Richer, Harvey B., Ronan Kerr, Jeremy Heyl, Ilaria Caiazzo, Jeffrey Cummings, Pierre Bergeron, and Patrick Dufour. “A Massive Magnetic Helium Atmosphere White Dwarf Binary in a Young Star Cluster.” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2874.","ama":"Richer HB, Kerr R, Heyl J, et al. A massive magnetic helium atmosphere white dwarf binary in a young star cluster. The Astrophysical Journal. 2019;880(2). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2874","mla":"Richer, Harvey B., et al. “A Massive Magnetic Helium Atmosphere White Dwarf Binary in a Young Star Cluster.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 880, no. 2, 75, American Astronomical Society, 2019, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2874.","ista":"Richer HB, Kerr R, Heyl J, Caiazzo I, Cummings J, Bergeron P, Dufour P. 2019. A massive magnetic helium atmosphere white dwarf binary in a young star cluster. The Astrophysical Journal. 880(2), 75."},"year":"2019","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"26","article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"scopus_import":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["1906.04727"]},"article_number":"75","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2874","intvolume":" 880","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ab2874","_id":"15230","quality_controlled":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Richer, Harvey B.","first_name":"Harvey B.","last_name":"Richer"},{"first_name":"Ronan","full_name":"Kerr, Ronan","last_name":"Kerr"},{"last_name":"Heyl","full_name":"Heyl, Jeremy","first_name":"Jeremy"},{"first_name":"Ilaria","full_name":"Caiazzo, Ilaria","orcid":"0000-0002-4770-5388","id":"8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d","last_name":"Caiazzo"},{"last_name":"Cummings","first_name":"Jeffrey","full_name":"Cummings, Jeffrey"},{"last_name":"Bergeron","full_name":"Bergeron, Pierre","first_name":"Pierre"},{"full_name":"Dufour, Patrick","first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Dufour"}],"status":"public","oa_version":"Preprint"},{"year":"2019","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2019-04-08T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this paper, we analyze stellar proper motions in the core of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae to explore the possibility of an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) influence on the stellar dynamics. Our use of short-wavelength photometry affords us an exceedingly clear view of stellar motions into the very center of the crowded core, yielding proper motions for >50,000 stars in the central 2′. We model the velocity dispersion profile of the cluster using an isotropic Jeans model. The density distribution is taken as a central IMBH point mass added to a combination of King templates. We individually model the general low-mass cluster objects (main sequence/giant stars), as well as the concentrated populations of heavy binary systems and dark stellar remnants. Using unbinned likelihood model fitting, we find that the inclusion of the concentrated populations in our model plays a crucial role in fitting for an IMBH mass. The concentrated binaries and stellar-mass black holes (BHs) produce a sufficient velocity dispersion signal in the core so as to make an IMBH unnecessary to fit the observations. We additionally determine that a stellar-mass BH retention fraction of 8.5% becomes incompatible with our observed velocities in the core."}],"title":"A multimass velocity dispersion model of 47 Tucanae indicates no evidence for an intermediate-mass black hole","month":"04","citation":{"short":"C.R. Mann, H. Richer, J. Heyl, J. Anderson, J. Kalirai, I. Caiazzo, S.D. Möhle, A. Knee, H. Baumgardt, The Astrophysical Journal 875 (2019).","ieee":"C. R. Mann et al., “A multimass velocity dispersion model of 47 Tucanae indicates no evidence for an intermediate-mass black hole,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 875, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, 2019.","apa":"Mann, C. R., Richer, H., Heyl, J., Anderson, J., Kalirai, J., Caiazzo, I., … Baumgardt, H. (2019). A multimass velocity dispersion model of 47 Tucanae indicates no evidence for an intermediate-mass black hole. The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0e6d","ama":"Mann CR, Richer H, Heyl J, et al. A multimass velocity dispersion model of 47 Tucanae indicates no evidence for an intermediate-mass black hole. The Astrophysical Journal. 2019;875(1). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab0e6d","chicago":"Mann, Christopher R., Harvey Richer, Jeremy Heyl, Jay Anderson, Jason Kalirai, Ilaria Caiazzo, Swantje D. Möhle, Alan Knee, and Holger Baumgardt. “A Multimass Velocity Dispersion Model of 47 Tucanae Indicates No Evidence for an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole.” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0e6d.","ista":"Mann CR, Richer H, Heyl J, Anderson J, Kalirai J, Caiazzo I, Möhle SD, Knee A, Baumgardt H. 2019. A multimass velocity dispersion model of 47 Tucanae indicates no evidence for an intermediate-mass black hole. The Astrophysical Journal. 875(1), 1.","mla":"Mann, Christopher R., et al. “A Multimass Velocity Dispersion Model of 47 Tucanae Indicates No Evidence for an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 875, no. 1, 1, American Astronomical Society, 2019, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab0e6d."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"08","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["1807.03307"]},"article_number":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"scopus_import":"1","intvolume":" 875","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ab0e6d","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"15231","author":[{"last_name":"Mann","first_name":"Christopher R.","full_name":"Mann, Christopher R."},{"first_name":"Harvey","full_name":"Richer, Harvey","last_name":"Richer"},{"last_name":"Heyl","first_name":"Jeremy","full_name":"Heyl, Jeremy"},{"full_name":"Anderson, Jay","first_name":"Jay","last_name":"Anderson"},{"full_name":"Kalirai, Jason","first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Kalirai"},{"full_name":"Caiazzo, Ilaria","first_name":"Ilaria","last_name":"Caiazzo","id":"8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d","orcid":"0000-0002-4770-5388"},{"last_name":"Möhle","first_name":"Swantje D.","full_name":"Möhle, Swantje D."},{"last_name":"Knee","full_name":"Knee, Alan","first_name":"Alan"},{"full_name":"Baumgardt, Holger","first_name":"Holger","last_name":"Baumgardt"}],"status":"public","oa_version":"Preprint","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0e6d","date_created":"2024-03-26T10:37:20Z","issue":"1","volume":875,"publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","extern":"1","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1807.03307"}],"article_type":"original","date_updated":"2024-04-08T07:07:38Z","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"erratum","url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab84ea"}]},"type":"journal_article","publisher":"American Astronomical Society","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X"],"eissn":["1538-4357"]}},{"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:52:37Z","file":[{"file_id":"6479","file_name":"2019_MathAnnalen_Browning.pdf","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:12Z","date_created":"2019-05-23T07:53:27Z","access_level":"open_access","file_size":712847,"content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"4061dc2fe99bee25d9adf2d2018cf608","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","type":"journal_article","page":"977-1016","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Mathematische Annalen","volume":373,"issue":"3-4","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:59Z","extern":"1","oa":1,"arxiv":1,"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["1609.09057"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-018-1716-6","ddc":["510"],"oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"170","quality_controlled":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Timothy D","full_name":"Browning, Timothy D","id":"35827D50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8314-0177","last_name":"Browning"},{"first_name":"Efthymios","full_name":"Sofos, Efthymios","last_name":"Sofos"}],"status":"public","doi":"10.1007/s00208-018-1716-6","intvolume":" 373","citation":{"ista":"Browning TD, Sofos E. 2019. Counting rational points on quartic del Pezzo surfaces with a rational conic. Mathematische Annalen. 373(3–4), 977–1016.","mla":"Browning, Timothy D., and Efthymios Sofos. “Counting Rational Points on Quartic Del Pezzo Surfaces with a Rational Conic.” Mathematische Annalen, vol. 373, no. 3–4, Springer Nature, 2019, pp. 977–1016, doi:10.1007/s00208-018-1716-6.","ama":"Browning TD, Sofos E. Counting rational points on quartic del Pezzo surfaces with a rational conic. Mathematische Annalen. 2019;373(3-4):977-1016. doi:10.1007/s00208-018-1716-6","chicago":"Browning, Timothy D, and Efthymios Sofos. “Counting Rational Points on Quartic Del Pezzo Surfaces with a Rational Conic.” Mathematische Annalen. Springer Nature, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-018-1716-6.","ieee":"T. D. Browning and E. Sofos, “Counting rational points on quartic del Pezzo surfaces with a rational conic,” Mathematische Annalen, vol. 373, no. 3–4. Springer Nature, pp. 977–1016, 2019.","short":"T.D. Browning, E. Sofos, Mathematische Annalen 373 (2019) 977–1016.","apa":"Browning, T. D., & Sofos, E. (2019). Counting rational points on quartic del Pezzo surfaces with a rational conic. Mathematische Annalen. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-018-1716-6"},"month":"04","title":"Counting rational points on quartic del Pezzo surfaces with a rational conic","date_published":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"Upper and lower bounds, of the expected order of magnitude, are obtained for the number of rational points of bounded height on any quartic del Pezzo surface over ℚ that contains a conic defined over ℚ .","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2019","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:12Z","publication_status":"published","day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"page":"13670-13679","type":"journal_article","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","pmid":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1091-6490"],"issn":["0027-8424"]},"article_type":"original","date_updated":"2025-07-10T11:51:42Z","extern":"1","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901795116"}],"date_created":"2025-04-03T12:30:19Z","issue":"27","volume":116,"publication":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","has_accepted_license":"1","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1901795116","intvolume":" 116","_id":"19473","status":"public","author":[{"last_name":"Perry","full_name":"Perry, Rachel J.","first_name":"Rachel J."},{"first_name":"Jon M.","full_name":"Resch, Jon M.","last_name":"Resch"},{"last_name":"Douglass","orcid":"0000-0001-5398-6473","id":"de5f6fda-80fb-11ef-996f-a8c4ecd8e289","full_name":"Douglass, Amelia May Barnett","first_name":"Amelia May Barnett"},{"last_name":"Madara","full_name":"Madara, Joseph C.","first_name":"Joseph C."},{"last_name":"Rabin-Court","full_name":"Rabin-Court, Aviva","first_name":"Aviva"},{"last_name":"Kucukdereli","first_name":"Hakan","full_name":"Kucukdereli, Hakan"},{"first_name":"Chen","full_name":"Wu, Chen","last_name":"Wu"},{"full_name":"Song, Joongyu D.","first_name":"Joongyu D.","last_name":"Song"},{"last_name":"Lowell","first_name":"Bradford B.","full_name":"Lowell, Bradford B."},{"last_name":"Shulman","first_name":"Gerald I.","full_name":"Shulman, Gerald I."}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","ddc":["570"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901795116","external_id":{"pmid":["31213533"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"OA_place":"publisher","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","scopus_import":"1","day":"02","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"OA_type":"hybrid","publication_status":"published","year":"2019","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Leptin informs the brain about sufficiency of fuel stores. When insufficient, leptin levels fall, triggering compensatory increases in appetite. Falling leptin is first sensed by hypothalamic neurons, which then initiate adaptive responses. With regard to hunger, it is thought that leptin-sensing neurons work entirely via circuits within the central nervous system (CNS). Very unexpectedly, however, we now show this is not the case. Instead, stimulation of hunger requires an intervening endocrine step, namely activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Increased corticosterone then activates AgRP neurons to fully increase hunger. Importantly, this is true for 2 forms of low leptin-induced hunger, fasting and poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. Hypoglycemia, which also stimulates hunger by activating CNS neurons, albeit independently of leptin, similarly recruits and requires this pathway by which HPA axis activity stimulates AgRP neurons. Thus, HPA axis regulation of AgRP neurons is a previously underappreciated step in homeostatic regulation of hunger."}],"date_published":"2019-07-02T00:00:00Z","month":"07","citation":{"ista":"Perry RJ, Resch JM, Douglass AM, Madara JC, Rabin-Court A, Kucukdereli H, Wu C, Song JD, Lowell BB, Shulman GI. 2019. Leptin’s hunger-suppressing effects are mediated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis in rodents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116(27), 13670–13679.","mla":"Perry, Rachel J., et al. “Leptin’s Hunger-Suppressing Effects Are Mediated by the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenocortical Axis in Rodents.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 116, no. 27, National Academy of Sciences, 2019, pp. 13670–79, doi:10.1073/pnas.1901795116.","short":"R.J. Perry, J.M. Resch, A.M. Douglass, J.C. Madara, A. Rabin-Court, H. Kucukdereli, C. Wu, J.D. Song, B.B. Lowell, G.I. Shulman, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 (2019) 13670–13679.","apa":"Perry, R. J., Resch, J. M., Douglass, A. M., Madara, J. C., Rabin-Court, A., Kucukdereli, H., … Shulman, G. I. (2019). Leptin’s hunger-suppressing effects are mediated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis in rodents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901795116","ieee":"R. J. Perry et al., “Leptin’s hunger-suppressing effects are mediated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis in rodents,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 116, no. 27. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 13670–13679, 2019.","ama":"Perry RJ, Resch JM, Douglass AM, et al. Leptin’s hunger-suppressing effects are mediated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis in rodents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2019;116(27):13670-13679. doi:10.1073/pnas.1901795116","chicago":"Perry, Rachel J., Jon M. Resch, Amelia M. Douglass, Joseph C. Madara, Aviva Rabin-Court, Hakan Kucukdereli, Chen Wu, Joongyu D. Song, Bradford B. Lowell, and Gerald I. Shulman. “Leptin’s Hunger-Suppressing Effects Are Mediated by the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenocortical Axis in Rodents.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901795116."},"title":"Leptin’s hunger-suppressing effects are mediated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis in rodents"},{"type":"journal_article","publisher":"Mathematical Sciences Publishers","page":"173-189","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2329-9061"],"eissn":["2329-907X"]},"article_type":"original","date_updated":"2025-07-10T11:51:49Z","extern":"1","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1805.10709"}],"date_created":"2025-04-05T10:51:07Z","publication":"The Open Book Series","volume":2,"oa_version":"Preprint","intvolume":" 2","doi":"10.2140/obs.2019.2.173","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"19493","author":[{"first_name":"Yik Tung","full_name":"Chan, Yik Tung","id":"c4c0afc8-9262-11ed-9231-d8b0bc743af1","orcid":"0000-0001-8467-4106","last_name":"Chan"},{"first_name":"Jeroen","full_name":"Hanselman, Jeroen","last_name":"Hanselman"},{"full_name":"Li, Wanlin","first_name":"Wanlin","last_name":"Li"}],"status":"public","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.2140/obs.2019.2.173","external_id":{"unknown":["1805.10709"]},"scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","OA_place":"repository","OA_type":"green","day":"13","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","year":"2019","month":"02","title":"Ranks, 2-Selmer groups, and Tamagawa numbers of elliptic curves with ℤ∕2ℤ × ℤ∕8ℤ-torsion","citation":{"apa":"Chan, S., Hanselman, J., & Li, W. (2019). Ranks, 2-Selmer groups, and Tamagawa numbers of elliptic curves with ℤ∕2ℤ × ℤ∕8ℤ-torsion. The Open Book Series. Mathematical Sciences Publishers. https://doi.org/10.2140/obs.2019.2.173","short":"S. Chan, J. Hanselman, W. Li, The Open Book Series 2 (2019) 173–189.","ieee":"S. Chan, J. Hanselman, and W. Li, “Ranks, 2-Selmer groups, and Tamagawa numbers of elliptic curves with ℤ∕2ℤ × ℤ∕8ℤ-torsion,” The Open Book Series, vol. 2. Mathematical Sciences Publishers, pp. 173–189, 2019.","chicago":"Chan, Stephanie, Jeroen Hanselman, and Wanlin Li. “Ranks, 2-Selmer Groups, and Tamagawa Numbers of Elliptic Curves with ℤ∕2ℤ × ℤ∕8ℤ-Torsion.” The Open Book Series. Mathematical Sciences Publishers, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2140/obs.2019.2.173.","ama":"Chan S, Hanselman J, Li W. Ranks, 2-Selmer groups, and Tamagawa numbers of elliptic curves with ℤ∕2ℤ × ℤ∕8ℤ-torsion. The Open Book Series. 2019;2:173-189. doi:10.2140/obs.2019.2.173","mla":"Chan, Stephanie, et al. “Ranks, 2-Selmer Groups, and Tamagawa Numbers of Elliptic Curves with ℤ∕2ℤ × ℤ∕8ℤ-Torsion.” The Open Book Series, vol. 2, Mathematical Sciences Publishers, 2019, pp. 173–89, doi:10.2140/obs.2019.2.173.","ista":"Chan S, Hanselman J, Li W. 2019. Ranks, 2-Selmer groups, and Tamagawa numbers of elliptic curves with ℤ∕2ℤ × ℤ∕8ℤ-torsion. The Open Book Series. 2, 173–189."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2019-02-13T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In 2016, Balakrishnan, Ho, Kaplan, Spicer, Stein and Weigandt produced a database of elliptic curves over Q ordered by height in which they computed the rank, the size of the 2-Selmer group, and other arithmetic invariants. They observed that after a certain point, the average rank seemed to decrease as the height increased. Here we consider the family of elliptic curves over \r\nQ whose rational torsion subgroup is isomorphic to Z∕2Z×Z∕8Z. Conditional on GRH and BSD, we compute the rank of 92% of the 202,461 curves with parameter height less than 103. We also compute the size of the 2-Selmer group and the Tamagawa product, and prove that their averages tend to infinity for this family."}]},{"arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","external_id":{"pmid":[" 30728300"],"arxiv":["1806.10823"],"isi":["000459074400013"]},"ddc":["500","570"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812015116","_id":"196","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Lang","id":"29E0800A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Lang, Moritz","first_name":"Moritz"},{"id":"35084A62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4310-178X","last_name":"Shkolnikov","first_name":"Mikhail","full_name":"Shkolnikov, Mikhail"}],"intvolume":" 116","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1812015116","oa_version":"Published Version","corr_author":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The abelian sandpile serves as a model to study self-organized criticality, a phenomenon occurring in biological, physical and social processes. The identity of the abelian group is a fractal composed of self-similar patches, and its limit is subject of extensive collaborative research. Here, we analyze the evolution of the sandpile identity under harmonic fields of different orders. We show that this evolution corresponds to periodic cycles through the abelian group characterized by the smooth transformation and apparent conservation of the patches constituting the identity. The dynamics induced by second and third order harmonics resemble smooth stretchings, respectively translations, of the identity, while the ones induced by fourth order harmonics resemble magnifications and rotations. Starting with order three, the dynamics pass through extended regions of seemingly random configurations which spontaneously reassemble into accentuated patterns. We show that the space of harmonic functions projects to the extended analogue of the sandpile group, thus providing a set of universal coordinates identifying configurations between different domains. Since the original sandpile group is a subgroup of the extended one, this directly implies that it admits a natural renormalization. Furthermore, we show that the harmonic fields can be induced by simple Markov processes, and that the corresponding stochastic dynamics show remarkable robustness over hundreds of periods. Finally, we encode information into seemingly random configurations, and decode this information with an algorithm requiring minimal prior knowledge. Our results suggest that harmonic fields might split the sandpile group into sub-sets showing different critical coefficients, and that it might be possible to extend the fractal structure of the identity beyond the boundaries of its domain. "}],"date_published":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"ista":"Lang M, Shkolnikov M. 2019. Harmonic dynamics of the Abelian sandpile. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116(8), 2821–2830.","mla":"Lang, Moritz, and Mikhail Shkolnikov. “Harmonic Dynamics of the Abelian Sandpile.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 116, no. 8, National Academy of Sciences, 2019, pp. 2821–30, doi:10.1073/pnas.1812015116.","ieee":"M. Lang and M. Shkolnikov, “Harmonic dynamics of the Abelian sandpile,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 116, no. 8. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 2821–2830, 2019.","apa":"Lang, M., & Shkolnikov, M. (2019). Harmonic dynamics of the Abelian sandpile. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812015116","short":"M. Lang, M. Shkolnikov, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116 (2019) 2821–2830.","chicago":"Lang, Moritz, and Mikhail Shkolnikov. “Harmonic Dynamics of the Abelian Sandpile.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812015116.","ama":"Lang M, Shkolnikov M. Harmonic dynamics of the Abelian sandpile. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2019;116(8):2821-2830. doi:10.1073/pnas.1812015116"},"month":"02","title":"Harmonic dynamics of the Abelian sandpile","year":"2019","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"CaGu"},{"_id":"GaTk"},{"_id":"TaHa"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"19","date_updated":"2026-06-18T18:17:35Z","article_type":"original","pmid":1,"isi":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1091-6490"]},"related_material":{"link":[{"description":"News on IST Webpage","relation":"press_release","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/famous-sandpile-model-shown-to-move-like-a-traveling-sand-dune/"}]},"page":"2821-2830","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","type":"journal_article","volume":116,"acknowledgement":"M.L. is grateful to the members of the C Guet and G Tkacik groups for valuable comments and support. M.S. is grateful to Nikita Kalinin for inspiring communications.\r\n","publication":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","issue":"8","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:45:08Z","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812015116","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1}]