@article{7350, abstract = {The ability to sense environmental temperature and to coordinate growth and development accordingly, is critical to the reproductive success of plants. Flowering time is regulated at the level of gene expression by a complex network of factors that integrate environmental and developmental cues. One of the main players, involved in modulating flowering time in response to changes in ambient temperature is FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM). FLM transcripts can undergo extensive alternative splicing producing multiple variants, of which FLM-β and FLM-δ are the most representative. While FLM-β codes for the flowering repressor FLM protein, translation of FLM-δ has the opposite effect on flowering. Here we show that the cyclin-dependent kinase G2 (CDKG2), together with its cognate cyclin, CYCLYN L1 (CYCL1) affects the alternative splicing of FLM, balancing the levels of FLM-β and FLM-δ across the ambient temperature range. In the absence of the CDKG2/CYCL1 complex, FLM-β expression is reduced while FLM-δ is increased in a temperature dependent manner and these changes are associated with an early flowering phenotype in the cdkg2 mutant lines. In addition, we found that transcript variants retaining the full FLM intron 1 are sequestered in the cell nucleus. Strikingly, FLM intron 1 splicing is also regulated by CDKG2/CYCL1. Our results provide evidence that temperature and CDKs regulate the alternative splicing of FLM, contributing to flowering time definition.}, author = {Nibau, Candida and Gallemi, Marçal and Dadarou, Despoina and Doonan, John H. and Cavallari, Nicola}, issn = {1664-462X}, journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, title = {{Thermo-sensitive alternative splicing of FLOWERING LOCUS M is modulated by cyclin-dependent kinase G2}}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.01680}, volume = {10}, year = {2020}, } @article{7364, abstract = {We present nsCouette, a highly scalable software tool to solve the Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible fluid flow between differentially heated and independently rotating, concentric cylinders. It is based on a pseudospectral spatial discretization and dynamic time-stepping. It is implemented in modern Fortran with a hybrid MPI-OpenMP parallelization scheme and thus designed to compute turbulent flows at high Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers. An additional GPU implementation (C-CUDA) for intermediate problem sizes and a version for pipe flow (nsPipe) are also provided.}, author = {Lopez Alonso, Jose M and Feldmann, Daniel and Rampp, Markus and Vela-Martín, Alberto and Shi, Liang and Avila, Marc}, issn = {2352-7110}, journal = {SoftwareX}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{nsCouette – A high-performance code for direct numerical simulations of turbulent Taylor–Couette flow}}, doi = {10.1016/j.softx.2019.100395}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{7369, abstract = {Neuronal responses to complex stimuli and tasks can encompass a wide range of time scales. Understanding these responses requires measures that characterize how the information on these response patterns are represented across multiple temporal resolutions. In this paper we propose a metric – which we call multiscale relevance (MSR) – to capture the dynamical variability of the activity of single neurons across different time scales. The MSR is a non-parametric, fully featureless indicator in that it uses only the time stamps of the firing activity without resorting to any a priori covariate or invoking any specific structure in the tuning curve for neural activity. When applied to neural data from the mEC and from the ADn and PoS regions of freely-behaving rodents, we found that neurons having low MSR tend to have low mutual information and low firing sparsity across the correlates that are believed to be encoded by the region of the brain where the recordings were made. In addition, neurons with high MSR contain significant information on spatial navigation and allow to decode spatial position or head direction as efficiently as those neurons whose firing activity has high mutual information with the covariate to be decoded and significantly better than the set of neurons with high local variations in their interspike intervals. Given these results, we propose that the MSR can be used as a measure to rank and select neurons for their information content without the need to appeal to any a priori covariate.}, author = {Cubero, Ryan J and Marsili, Matteo and Roudi, Yasser}, issn = {1573-6873}, journal = {Journal of Computational Neuroscience}, keywords = {Time series analysis, Multiple time scale analysis, Spike train data, Information theory, Bayesian decoding}, pages = {85--102}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Multiscale relevance and informative encoding in neuronal spike trains}}, doi = {10.1007/s10827-020-00740-x}, volume = {48}, year = {2020}, } @misc{7383, abstract = {Organisms cope with change by employing transcriptional regulators. However, when faced with rare environments, the evolution of transcriptional regulators and their promoters may be too slow. We ask whether the intrinsic instability of gene duplication and amplification provides a generic alternative to canonical gene regulation. By real-time monitoring of gene copy number mutations in E. coli, we show that gene duplications and amplifications enable adaptation to fluctuating environments by rapidly generating copy number, and hence expression level, polymorphism. This ‘amplification-mediated gene expression tuning’ occurs on timescales similar to canonical gene regulation and can deal with rapid environmental changes. Mathematical modeling shows that amplifications also tune gene expression in stochastic environments where transcription factor-based schemes are hard to evolve or maintain. The fleeting nature of gene amplifications gives rise to a generic population-level mechanism that relies on genetic heterogeneity to rapidly tune expression of any gene, without leaving any genomic signature.}, author = {Grah, Rok}, keywords = {Matlab scripts, analysis of microfluidics, mathematical model}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Matlab scripts for the Paper: Gene Amplification as a Form of Population-Level Gene Expression regulation}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:7383}, year = {2020}, } @article{7389, abstract = {Recently Kloeckner described the structure of the isometry group of the quadratic Wasserstein space W_2(R^n). It turned out that the case of the real line is exceptional in the sense that there exists an exotic isometry flow. Following this line of investigation, we compute Isom(W_p(R)), the isometry group of the Wasserstein space W_p(R) for all p \in [1,\infty) \setminus {2}. We show that W_2(R) is also exceptional regarding the parameter p: W_p(R) is isometrically rigid if and only if p is not equal to 2. Regarding the underlying space, we prove that the exceptionality of p = 2 disappears if we replace R by the compact interval [0,1]. Surprisingly, in that case, W_p([0,1]) is isometrically rigid if and only if p is not equal to 1. Moreover, W_1([0,1]) admits isometries that split mass, and Isom(W_1([0,1])) cannot be embedded into Isom(W_1(R)).}, author = {Geher, Gyorgy Pal and Titkos, Tamas and Virosztek, Daniel}, issn = {1088-6850}, journal = {Transactions of the American Mathematical Society}, keywords = {Wasserstein space, isometric embeddings, isometric rigidity, exotic isometry flow}, number = {8}, pages = {5855--5883}, publisher = {American Mathematical Society}, title = {{Isometric study of Wasserstein spaces - the real line}}, doi = {10.1090/tran/8113}, volume = {373}, year = {2020}, } @inbook{74, abstract = {We study the Gromov waist in the sense of t-neighborhoods for measures in the Euclidean space, motivated by the famous theorem of Gromov about the waist of radially symmetric Gaussian measures. In particular, it turns our possible to extend Gromov’s original result to the case of not necessarily radially symmetric Gaussian measure. We also provide examples of measures having no t-neighborhood waist property, including a rather wide class of compactly supported radially symmetric measures and their maps into the Euclidean space of dimension at least 2. We use a simpler form of Gromov’s pancake argument to produce some estimates of t-neighborhoods of (weighted) volume-critical submanifolds in the spirit of the waist theorems, including neighborhoods of algebraic manifolds in the complex projective space. In the appendix of this paper we provide for reader’s convenience a more detailed explanation of the Caffarelli theorem that we use to handle not necessarily radially symmetric Gaussian measures.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Karasev, Roman}, booktitle = {Geometric Aspects of Functional Analysis}, editor = {Klartag, Bo'az and Milman, Emanuel}, isbn = {9783030360191}, issn = {1617-9692}, pages = {1--27}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Gromov's waist of non-radial Gaussian measures and radial non-Gaussian measures}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-36020-7_1}, volume = {2256}, year = {2020}, } @inbook{7410, abstract = {Epiboly is a conserved gastrulation movement describing the thinning and spreading of a sheet or multi-layer of cells. The zebrafish embryo has emerged as a vital model system to address the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive epiboly. In the zebrafish embryo, the blastoderm, consisting of a simple squamous epithelium (the enveloping layer) and an underlying mass of deep cells, as well as a yolk nuclear syncytium (the yolk syncytial layer) undergo epiboly to internalize the yolk cell during gastrulation. The major events during zebrafish epiboly are: expansion of the enveloping layer and the internal yolk syncytial layer, reduction and removal of the yolk membrane ahead of the advancing blastoderm margin and deep cell rearrangements between the enveloping layer and yolk syncytial layer to thin the blastoderm. Here, work addressing the cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as the sources of the mechanical forces that underlie these events is reviewed. The contribution of recent findings to the current model of epiboly as well as open questions and future prospects are also discussed.}, author = {Bruce, Ashley E.E. and Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J}, booktitle = {Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form}, editor = {Solnica-Krezel, Lilianna }, isbn = {9780128127988}, issn = {0070-2153}, pages = {319--341}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Mechanisms of zebrafish epiboly: A current view}}, doi = {10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.07.001}, volume = {136}, year = {2020}, } @article{7416, abstract = {Earlier, we demonstrated that transcript levels of METAL TOLERANCE PROTEIN2 (MTP2) and of HEAVY METAL ATPase2 (HMA2) increase strongly in roots of Arabidopsis upon prolonged zinc (Zn) deficiency and respond to shoot physiological Zn status, and not to the local Zn status in roots. This provided evidence for shoot-to-root communication in the acclimation of plants to Zn deficiency. Zn-deficient soils limit both the yield and quality of agricultural crops and can result in clinically relevant nutritional Zn deficiency in human populations. Implementing Zn deficiency during cultivation of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana on agar-solidified media is difficult because trace element contaminations are present in almost all commercially available agars. Here, we demonstrate root morphological acclimations to Zn deficiency on agar-solidified medium following the effective removal of contaminants. These advancements allow reproducible phenotyping toward understanding fundamental plant responses to deficiencies of Zn and other essential trace elements.}, author = {Sinclair, Scott A and Krämer, U.}, issn = {1559-2324}, journal = {Plant Signaling & Behavior}, number = {1}, publisher = {Taylor & Francis}, title = {{Generation of effective zinc-deficient agar-solidified media allows identification of root morphology changes in response to zinc limitation}}, doi = {10.1080/15592324.2019.1687175}, volume = {15}, year = {2020}, } @article{7417, abstract = {Previously, we reported that the allelic de-etiolated by zinc (dez) and trichome birefringence (tbr) mutants exhibit photomorphogenic development in the dark, which is enhanced by high Zn. TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE proteins had been implicated in transferring acetyl groups to various hemicelluloses. Pectin O-acetylation levels were lower in dark-grown dez seedlings than in the wild type. We observed Zn-enhanced photomorphogenesis in the dark also in the reduced wall acetylation 2 (rwa2-3) mutant, which exhibits lowered O-acetylation levels of cell wall macromolecules including pectins and xyloglucans, supporting a role for cell wall macromolecule O-acetylation in the photomorphogenic phenotypes of rwa2-3 and dez. Application of very short oligogalacturonides (vsOGs) restored skotomorphogenesis in dark-grown dez and rwa2-3. Here we demonstrate that in dez, O-acetylation of non-pectin cell wall components, notably of xyloglucan, is enhanced. Our results highlight the complexity of cell wall homeostasis and indicate against an influence of xyloglucan O-acetylation on light-dependent seedling development.}, author = {Sinclair, Scott A and Gille, S. and Pauly, M. and Krämer, U.}, issn = {1559-2324}, journal = {Plant Signaling & Behavior}, number = {1}, publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, title = {{Regulation of acetylation of plant cell wall components is complex and responds to external stimuli}}, doi = {10.1080/15592324.2019.1687185}, volume = {15}, year = {2020}, } @article{7428, abstract = {In the superconducting regime of FeTe(1−x)Sex, there exist two types of vortices which are distinguished by the presence or absence of zero-energy states in their core. To understand their origin, we examine the interplay of Zeeman coupling and superconducting pairings in three-dimensional metals with band inversion. Weak Zeeman fields are found to suppress intraorbital spin-singlet pairing, known to localize the states at the ends of the vortices on the surface. On the other hand, an orbital-triplet pairing is shown to be stable against Zeeman interactions, but leads to delocalized zero-energy Majorana modes which extend through the vortex. In contrast, the finite-energy vortex modes remain localized at the vortex ends even when the pairing is of orbital-triplet form. Phenomenologically, this manifests as an observed disappearance of zero-bias peaks within the cores of topological vortices upon an increase of the applied magnetic field. The presence of magnetic impurities in FeTe(1−x)Sex, which are attracted to the vortices, would lead to such Zeeman-induced delocalization of Majorana modes in a fraction of vortices that capture a large enough number of magnetic impurities. Our results provide an explanation for the dichotomy between topological and nontopological vortices recently observed in FeTe(1−x)Sex.}, author = {Ghazaryan, Areg and Lopes, P. L.S. and Hosur, Pavan and Gilbert, Matthew J. and Ghaemi, Pouyan}, issn = {2469-9969}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Effect of Zeeman coupling on the Majorana vortex modes in iron-based topological superconductors}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.101.020504}, volume = {101}, year = {2020}, } @phdthesis{7460, abstract = {Many methods for the reconstruction of shapes from sets of points produce ordered simplicial complexes, which are collections of vertices, edges, triangles, and their higher-dimensional analogues, called simplices, in which every simplex gets assigned a real value measuring its size. This thesis studies ordered simplicial complexes, with a focus on their topology, which reflects the connectedness of the represented shapes and the presence of holes. We are interested both in understanding better the structure of these complexes, as well as in developing algorithms for applications. For the Delaunay triangulation, the most popular measure for a simplex is the radius of the smallest empty circumsphere. Based on it, we revisit Alpha and Wrap complexes and experimentally determine their probabilistic properties for random data. Also, we prove the existence of tri-partitions, propose algorithms to open and close holes, and extend the concepts from Euclidean to Bregman geometries.}, author = {Ölsböck, Katharina}, issn = {2663-337X}, keywords = {shape reconstruction, hole manipulation, ordered complexes, Alpha complex, Wrap complex, computational topology, Bregman geometry}, pages = {155}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{The hole system of triangulated shapes}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:7460}, year = {2020}, } @article{7464, abstract = {Retrovirus assembly is driven by the multidomain structural protein Gag. Interactions between the capsid domains (CA) of Gag result in Gag multimerization, leading to an immature virus particle that is formed by a protein lattice based on dimeric, trimeric, and hexameric protein contacts. Among retroviruses the inter- and intra-hexamer contacts differ, especially in the N-terminal sub-domain of CA (CANTD). For HIV-1 the cellular molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) interacts with and stabilizes the immature hexamer, and is required for production of infectious virus particles. We have used in vitro assembly, cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and mutational analyses to study the HIV-related lentivirus equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). In particular, we sought to understand the structural conservation of the immature lentivirus lattice and the role of IP6 in EIAV assembly. Similar to HIV-1, IP6 strongly promoted in vitro assembly of EIAV Gag proteins into virus-like particles (VLPs), which took three morphologically highly distinct forms: narrow tubes, wide tubes, and spheres. Structural characterization of these VLPs to sub-4Å resolution unexpectedly showed that all three morphologies are based on an immature lattice with preserved key structural components, highlighting the structural versatility of CA to form immature assemblies. A direct comparison between EIAV and HIV revealed that both lentiviruses maintain similar immature interfaces, which are established by both conserved and non-conserved residues. In both EIAV and HIV-1, IP6 regulates immature assembly via conserved lysine residues within the CACTD and SP. Lastly, we demonstrate that IP6 stimulates in vitro assembly of immature particles of several other retroviruses in the lentivirus genus, suggesting a conserved role for IP6 in lentiviral assembly.}, author = {Dick, Robert A. and Xu, Chaoyi and Morado, Dustin R. and Kravchuk, Vladyslav and Ricana, Clifton L. and Lyddon, Terri D. and Broad, Arianna M. and Feathers, J. Ryan and Johnson, Marc C. and Vogt, Volker M. and Perilla, Juan R. and Briggs, John A. G. and Schur, Florian KM}, issn = {1553-7374}, journal = {PLOS Pathogens}, number = {1}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {{Structures of immature EIAV Gag lattices reveal a conserved role for IP6 in lentivirus assembly}}, doi = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1008277}, volume = {16}, year = {2020}, } @article{7465, abstract = {The flexible development of plants is characterized by a high capacity for post-embryonic organ formation and tissue regeneration, processes, which require tightly regulated intercellular communication and coordinated tissue (re-)polarization. The phytohormone auxin, the main driver for these processes, is able to establish polarized auxin transport channels, which are characterized by the expression and polar, subcellular localization of the PIN1 auxin transport proteins. These channels are demarcating the position of future vascular strands necessary for organ formation and tissue regeneration. Major progress has been made in the last years to understand how PINs can change their polarity in different contexts and thus guide auxin flow through the plant. However, it still remains elusive how auxin mediates the establishment of auxin conducting channels and the formation of vascular tissue and which cellular processes are involved. By the means of sophisticated regeneration experiments combined with local auxin applications in Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence stems we show that (i) PIN subcellular dynamics, (ii) PIN internalization by clathrin-mediated trafficking and (iii) an intact actin cytoskeleton required for post-endocytic trafficking are indispensable for auxin channel formation, de novo vascular formation and vascular regeneration after wounding. These observations provide novel insights into cellular mechanism of coordinated tissue polarization during auxin canalization.}, author = {Mazur, Ewa and Gallei, Michelle C and Adamowski, Maciek and Han, Huibin and Robert, Hélène S. and Friml, Jiří}, issn = {1873-2259}, journal = {Plant Science}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Clathrin-mediated trafficking and PIN trafficking are required for auxin canalization and vascular tissue formation in Arabidopsis}}, doi = {10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110414}, volume = {293}, year = {2020}, } @article{7466, abstract = {Unpaired ligands are secreted signals that act via a GP130-like receptor, domeless, to activate JAK/STAT signalling in Drosophila. Like many mammalian cytokines, unpaireds can be activated by infection and other stresses and can promote insulin resistance in target tissues. However, the importance of this effect in non-inflammatory physiology is unknown. Here, we identify a requirement for unpaired-JAK signalling as a metabolic regulator in healthy adult Drosophila muscle. Adult muscles show basal JAK-STAT signalling activity in the absence of any immune challenge. Plasmatocytes (Drosophila macrophages) are an important source of this tonic signal. Loss of the dome receptor on adult muscles significantly reduces lifespan and causes local and systemic metabolic pathology. These pathologies result from hyperactivation of AKT and consequent deregulation of metabolism. Thus, we identify a cytokine signal that must be received in muscle to control AKT activity and metabolic homeostasis.}, author = {Kierdorf, Katrin and Hersperger, Fabian and Sharrock, Jessica and Vincent, Crystal M. and Ustaoglu, Pinar and Dou, Jiawen and György, Attila and Groß, Olaf and Siekhaus, Daria E and Dionne, Marc S.}, issn = {2050-084X}, journal = {eLife}, publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications}, title = {{Muscle function and homeostasis require cytokine inhibition of AKT activity in Drosophila}}, doi = {10.7554/eLife.51595}, volume = {9}, year = {2020}, } @book{7474, abstract = {This booklet is a collection of abstracts presented at the AHPC conference.}, editor = {Schlögl, Alois and Kiss, Janos and Elefante, Stefano}, isbn = {978-3-99078-004-6}, location = {Klosterneuburg, Austria}, pages = {72}, publisher = {IST Austria}, title = {{Austrian High-Performance-Computing meeting (AHPC2020)}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:7474}, year = {2020}, } @article{7477, abstract = {We present conductance-matrix measurements of a three-terminal superconductor-semiconductor hybrid device consisting of two normal leads and one superconducting lead. Using a symmetry decomposition of the conductance, we find that antisymmetric components of pairs of local and nonlocal conductances qualitatively match at energies below the superconducting gap, and we compare this finding with symmetry relations based on a noninteracting scattering matrix approach. Further, the local charge character of Andreev bound states is extracted from the symmetry-decomposed conductance data and is found to be similar at both ends of the device and tunable with gate voltage. Finally, we measure the conductance matrix as a function of magnetic field and identify correlated splittings in low-energy features, demonstrating how conductance-matrix measurements can complement traditional single-probe measurements in the search for Majorana zero modes.}, author = {Ménard, G. C. and Anselmetti, G. L. R. and Martinez, E. A. and Puglia, D. and Malinowski, F. K. and Lee, J. S. and Choi, S. and Pendharkar, M. and Palmstrøm, C. J. and Flensberg, K. and Marcus, C. M. and Casparis, L. and Higginbotham, Andrew P}, issn = {0031-9007}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, number = {3}, publisher = {APS}, title = {{Conductance-matrix symmetries of a three-terminal hybrid device}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.124.036802}, volume = {124}, year = {2020}, } @article{7478, abstract = {Two-terminal conductance spectroscopy of superconducting devices is a common tool for probing Andreev and Majorana bound states. Here, we study theoretically a three-terminal setup, with two normal leads coupled to a grounded superconducting terminal. Using a single-electron scattering matrix, we derive the subgap conductance matrix for the normal leads and discuss its symmetries. In particular, we show that the local and the nonlocal elements of the conductance matrix have pairwise identical antisymmetric components. Moreover, we find that the nonlocal elements are directly related to the local BCS charges of the bound states close to the normal probes and we show how the BCS charge of overlapping Majorana bound states can be extracted from experiments.}, author = {Danon, Jeroen and Hellenes, Anna Birk and Hansen, Esben Bork and Casparis, Lucas and Higginbotham, Andrew P and Flensberg, Karsten}, issn = {0031-9007}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, number = {3}, publisher = {APS}, title = {{Nonlocal conductance spectroscopy of Andreev bound states: Symmetry relations and BCS charges}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.124.036801}, volume = {124}, year = {2020}, } @article{7487, abstract = {Glutaminase (GA) catalyzes the first step in mitochondrial glutaminolysis playing a key role in cancer metabolic reprogramming. Humans express two types of GA isoforms: GLS and GLS2. GLS isozymes have been consistently related to cell proliferation, but the role of GLS2 in cancer remains poorly understood. GLS2 is repressed in many tumor cells and a better understanding of its function in tumorigenesis may further the development of new therapeutic approaches. We analyzed GLS2 expression in HCC, GBM and neuroblastoma cells, as well as in monkey COS-7 cells. We studied GLS2 expression after induction of differentiation with phorbol ester (PMA) and transduction with the full-length cDNA of GLS2. In parallel, we investigated cell cycle progression and levels of p53, p21 and c-Myc proteins. Using the baculovirus system, human GLS2 protein was overexpressed, purified and analyzed for posttranslational modifications employing a proteomics LC-MS/MS platform. We have demonstrated a dual targeting of GLS2 in human cancer cells. Immunocytochemistry and subcellular fractionation gave consistent results demonstrating nuclear and mitochondrial locations, with the latter being predominant. Nuclear targeting was confirmed in cancer cells overexpressing c-Myc- and GFP-tagged GLS2 proteins. We assessed the subnuclear location finding a widespread distribution of GLS2 in the nucleoplasm without clear overlapping with specific nuclear substructures. GLS2 expression and nuclear accrual notably increased by treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with PMA and it correlated with cell cycle arrest at G2/M, upregulation of tumor suppressor p53 and p21 protein. A similar response was obtained by overexpression of GLS2 in T98G glioma cells, including downregulation of oncogene c-Myc. Furthermore, human GLS2 was identified as being hypusinated by MS analysis, a posttranslational modification which may be relevant for its nuclear targeting and/or function. Our studies provide evidence for a tumor suppressor role of GLS2 in certain types of cancer. The data imply that GLS2 can be regarded as a highly mobile and multilocalizing protein translocated to both mitochondria and nuclei. Upregulation of GLS2 in cancer cells induced an antiproliferative response with cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.}, author = {López De La Oliva, Amada R. and Campos-Sandoval, José A. and Gómez-García, María C. and Cardona, Carolina and Martín-Rufián, Mercedes and Sialana, Fernando J. and Castilla, Laura and Bae, Narkhyun and Lobo, Carolina and Peñalver, Ana and García-Frutos, Marina and Carro, David and Enrique, Victoria and Paz, José C. and Mirmira, Raghavendra G. and Gutiérrez, Antonia and Alonso, Francisco J. and Segura, Juan A. and Matés, José M. and Lubec, Gert and Márquez, Javier}, issn = {2045-2322}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Nuclear translocation of glutaminase GLS2 in human cancer cells associates with proliferation arrest and differentiation}}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-58264-4}, volume = {10}, year = {2020}, } @article{7488, abstract = {Characteristic or classic phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is associated with a recognisable facial pattern. However, the heterogeneity in causal genes and the presence of overlapping syndromes have made it increasingly difficult to diagnose only by clinical features. DeepGestalt technology, and its app Face2Gene, is having a growing impact on the diagnosis and management of genetic diseases by analysing the features of affected individuals. Here, we performed a phenotypic study on a cohort of 49 individuals harbouring causative variants in known CdLS genes in order to evaluate Face2Gene utility and sensitivity in the clinical diagnosis of CdLS. Based on the profile images of patients, a diagnosis of CdLS was within the top five predicted syndromes for 97.9% of our cases and even listed as first prediction for 83.7%. The age of patients did not seem to affect the prediction accuracy, whereas our results indicate a correlation between the clinical score and affected genes. Furthermore, each gene presents a different pattern recognition that may be used to develop new neural networks with the goal of separating different genetic subtypes in CdLS. Overall, we conclude that computer-assisted image analysis based on deep learning could support the clinical diagnosis of CdLS.}, author = {Latorre-Pellicer, Ana and Ascaso, Ángela and Trujillano, Laura and Gil-Salvador, Marta and Arnedo, Maria and Lucia-Campos, Cristina and Antoñanzas-Pérez, Rebeca and Marcos-Alcalde, Iñigo and Parenti, Ilaria and Bueno-Lozano, Gloria and Musio, Antonio and Puisac, Beatriz and Kaiser, Frank J. and Ramos, Feliciano J. and Gómez-Puertas, Paulino and Pié, Juan}, issn = {1422-0067}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {{Evaluating Face2Gene as a tool to identify Cornelia de Lange syndrome by facial phenotypes}}, doi = {10.3390/ijms21031042}, volume = {21}, year = {2020}, } @article{7489, abstract = {In the present work, we consider the evolution of two fluids separated by a sharp interface in the presence of surface tension—like, for example, the evolution of oil bubbles in water. Our main result is a weak–strong uniqueness principle for the corresponding free boundary problem for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation: as long as a strong solution exists, any varifold solution must coincide with it. In particular, in the absence of physical singularities, the concept of varifold solutions—whose global in time existence has been shown by Abels (Interfaces Free Bound 9(1):31–65, 2007) for general initial data—does not introduce a mechanism for non-uniqueness. The key ingredient of our approach is the construction of a relative entropy functional capable of controlling the interface error. If the viscosities of the two fluids do not coincide, even for classical (strong) solutions the gradient of the velocity field becomes discontinuous at the interface, introducing the need for a careful additional adaption of the relative entropy.}, author = {Fischer, Julian L and Hensel, Sebastian}, issn = {1432-0673}, journal = {Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis}, pages = {967--1087}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Weak–strong uniqueness for the Navier–Stokes equation for two fluids with surface tension}}, doi = {10.1007/s00205-019-01486-2}, volume = {236}, year = {2020}, }