---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22520'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Increasing urbanization is likely to intensify the urban heat island effect,
decrease outdoor thermal comfort, and enhance runoff generation in cities. Urban
green spaces are often proposed as a mitigation strategy to counteract these adverse
effects, and many recent developments of urban climate models focus on the inclusion
of green and blue infrastructure to inform urban planning. However, many models
still lack the ability to account for different plant types and oversimplify the
interactions between the built environment, vegetation, and hydrology. In this
study, we present an urban ecohydrological model, Urban Tethys-Chloris (UT&C),
that combines principles of ecosystem modelling with an urban canopy scheme accounting
for the biophysical and ecophysiological characteristics of roof vegetation, ground
vegetation, and urban trees. UT&C is a fully coupled energy and water balance
model that calculates 2 m air temperature, 2 m humidity, and surface temperatures
based on the infinite urban canyon approach. It further calculates the urban hydrological
fluxes in the absence of snow, including transpiration as a function of plant
photosynthesis. Hence, UT&C accounts for the effects of different plant types
on the urban climate and hydrology, as well as the effects of the urban environment
on plant well-being and performance. UT&C performs well when compared against
energy flux measurements of eddy-covariance towers located in three cities in
different climates (Singapore, Melbourne, and Phoenix). A sensitivity analysis,
performed as a proof of concept for the city of Singapore, shows a mean decrease
in 2 m air temperature of 1.1 ∘C for fully grass-covered ground, 0.2 ∘C for high
values of leaf area index (LAI), and 0.3 ∘C for high values of Vc,max (an expression
of photosynthetic capacity). These reductions in temperature were combined with
a simultaneous increase in relative humidity by 6.5 %, 2.1 %, and 1.6 %, for fully
grass-covered ground, high values of LAI, and high values of Vc,max, respectively.
Furthermore, the increase of pervious vegetated ground is able to significantly
reduce surface runoff.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Naika
full_name: Meili, Naika
last_name: Meili
- first_name: Gabriele
full_name: Manoli, Gabriele
last_name: Manoli
- first_name: Paolo
full_name: Burlando, Paolo
last_name: Burlando
- first_name: Elie
full_name: Bou-Zeid, Elie
last_name: Bou-Zeid
- first_name: Winston T. L.
full_name: Chow, Winston T. L.
last_name: Chow
- first_name: Andrew M.
full_name: Coutts, Andrew M.
last_name: Coutts
- first_name: Edoardo
full_name: Daly, Edoardo
last_name: Daly
- first_name: Kerry A.
full_name: Nice, Kerry A.
last_name: Nice
- first_name: Matthias
full_name: Roth, Matthias
last_name: Roth
- first_name: Nigel J.
full_name: Tapper, Nigel J.
last_name: Tapper
- first_name: Erik
full_name: Velasco, Erik
last_name: Velasco
- first_name: Enrique R.
full_name: Vivoni, Enrique R.
last_name: Vivoni
- first_name: Simone
full_name: Fatichi, Simone
id: cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6
last_name: Fatichi
citation:
ama: Meili N, Manoli G, Burlando P, et al. An urban ecohydrological model to quantify
the effect of vegetation on urban climate and hydrology (UT&C v1.0). Geoscientific
Model Development. 2020;13(1):335-362. doi:10.5194/gmd-13-335-2020
apa: Meili, N., Manoli, G., Burlando, P., Bou-Zeid, E., Chow, W. T. L., Coutts,
A. M., … Fatichi, S. (2020). An urban ecohydrological model to quantify the effect
of vegetation on urban climate and hydrology (UT&C v1.0). Geoscientific
Model Development. Copernicus Publications. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-335-2020
chicago: Meili, Naika, Gabriele Manoli, Paolo Burlando, Elie Bou-Zeid, Winston T.
L. Chow, Andrew M. Coutts, Edoardo Daly, et al. “An Urban Ecohydrological Model
to Quantify the Effect of Vegetation on Urban Climate and Hydrology (UT&C
v1.0).” Geoscientific Model Development. Copernicus Publications, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-335-2020.
ieee: N. Meili et al., “An urban ecohydrological model to quantify the effect
of vegetation on urban climate and hydrology (UT&C v1.0),” Geoscientific
Model Development, vol. 13, no. 1. Copernicus Publications, pp. 335–362, 2020.
ista: Meili N, Manoli G, Burlando P, Bou-Zeid E, Chow WTL, Coutts AM, Daly E, Nice
KA, Roth M, Tapper NJ, Velasco E, Vivoni ER, Fatichi S. 2020. An urban ecohydrological
model to quantify the effect of vegetation on urban climate and hydrology (UT&C
v1.0). Geoscientific Model Development. 13(1), 335–362.
mla: Meili, Naika, et al. “An Urban Ecohydrological Model to Quantify the Effect
of Vegetation on Urban Climate and Hydrology (UT&C v1.0).” Geoscientific
Model Development, vol. 13, no. 1, Copernicus Publications, 2020, pp. 335–62,
doi:10.5194/gmd-13-335-2020.
short: N. Meili, G. Manoli, P. Burlando, E. Bou-Zeid, W.T.L. Chow, A.M. Coutts,
E. Daly, K.A. Nice, M. Roth, N.J. Tapper, E. Velasco, E.R. Vivoni, S. Fatichi,
Geoscientific Model Development 13 (2020) 335–362.
das_tickbox: '1'
date_created: 2026-07-27T12:30:24Z
date_published: 2020-01-31T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-07T09:11:10Z
day: '31'
doi: 10.5194/gmd-13-335-2020
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 13'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-335-2020
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 335-362
publication: Geoscientific Model Development
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1991-9603
issn:
- 1991-959X
publication_status: published
publisher: Copernicus Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: An urban ecohydrological model to quantify the effect of vegetation on urban
climate and hydrology (UT&C v1.0)
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 13
year: '2020'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '22526'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Climate change can reduce surface-water supply by enhancing evapotranspiration
in forested mountains, especially during heatwaves. We investigate this ‘drought
paradox’ for the European Alps using a 1,212-station database and hyper-resolution
ecohydrological simulations to quantify blue (runoff) and green (evapotranspiration)
water fluxes. During the 2003 heatwave, evapotranspiration in large areas over
the Alps was above average despite low precipitation, amplifying the runoff deficit
by 32% in the most runoff-productive areas (1,300–3,000 m above sea level). A
3 °C air temperature increase could enhance annual evapotranspiration by up to
100 mm (45 mm on average), which would reduce annual runoff at a rate similar
to a 3% precipitation decrease. This suggests that green-water feedbacks—which
are often poorly represented in large-scale model simulations—pose an additional
threat to water resources, especially in dry summers. Despite uncertainty in the
validation of the hyper-resolution ecohydrological modelling with observations,
this approach permits more realistic predictions of mountain region water availability.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Theodoros
full_name: Mastrotheodoros, Theodoros
last_name: Mastrotheodoros
- first_name: Christoforos
full_name: Pappas, Christoforos
last_name: Pappas
- first_name: Peter
full_name: Molnar, Peter
last_name: Molnar
- first_name: Paolo
full_name: Burlando, Paolo
last_name: Burlando
- first_name: Gabriele
full_name: Manoli, Gabriele
last_name: Manoli
- first_name: Juraj
full_name: Parajka, Juraj
last_name: Parajka
- first_name: Riccardo
full_name: Rigon, Riccardo
last_name: Rigon
- first_name: Borbala
full_name: Szeles, Borbala
last_name: Szeles
- first_name: Michele
full_name: Bottazzi, Michele
last_name: Bottazzi
- first_name: Panagiotis
full_name: Hadjidoukas, Panagiotis
last_name: Hadjidoukas
- first_name: Simone
full_name: Fatichi, Simone
id: cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6
last_name: Fatichi
citation:
ama: Mastrotheodoros T, Pappas C, Molnar P, et al. More green and less blue water
in the Alps during warmer summers. Nature Climate Change. 2020;10:155-161.
doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0676-5
apa: Mastrotheodoros, T., Pappas, C., Molnar, P., Burlando, P., Manoli, G., Parajka,
J., … Fatichi, S. (2020). More green and less blue water in the Alps during warmer
summers. Nature Climate Change. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0676-5
chicago: Mastrotheodoros, Theodoros, Christoforos Pappas, Peter Molnar, Paolo Burlando,
Gabriele Manoli, Juraj Parajka, Riccardo Rigon, et al. “More Green and Less Blue
Water in the Alps during Warmer Summers.” Nature Climate Change. Springer
Nature, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0676-5.
ieee: T. Mastrotheodoros et al., “More green and less blue water in the Alps
during warmer summers,” Nature Climate Change, vol. 10. Springer Nature,
pp. 155–161, 2020.
ista: Mastrotheodoros T, Pappas C, Molnar P, Burlando P, Manoli G, Parajka J, Rigon
R, Szeles B, Bottazzi M, Hadjidoukas P, Fatichi S. 2020. More green and less blue
water in the Alps during warmer summers. Nature Climate Change. 10, 155–161.
mla: Mastrotheodoros, Theodoros, et al. “More Green and Less Blue Water in the Alps
during Warmer Summers.” Nature Climate Change, vol. 10, Springer Nature,
2020, pp. 155–61, doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0676-5.
short: T. Mastrotheodoros, C. Pappas, P. Molnar, P. Burlando, G. Manoli, J. Parajka,
R. Rigon, B. Szeles, M. Bottazzi, P. Hadjidoukas, S. Fatichi, Nature Climate Change
10 (2020) 155–161.
das_tickbox: '1'
date_created: 2026-07-27T12:30:24Z
date_published: 2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-07T09:15:51Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1038/s41558-019-0676-5
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 10'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 155-161
publication: Nature Climate Change
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1758-6798
issn:
- 1758-678X
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: More green and less blue water in the Alps during warmer summers
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 10
year: '2020'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: free access
_id: '22542'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Temporal dynamics of urban warming have been extensivelystudied at the diurnal
scale, but the impact of background cli-mate on the observed seasonality of surface
urban heat islands(SUHIs) remains largely unexplored. On seasonal time scales,
theintensity of urban–rural surface temperature differences (∆Ts)exhibits distinctive
hysteretic cycles whose shape and loopingdirection vary across climatic zones.
These observations high-light possible delays underlying the dynamics of the coupledurban–biosphere
system. However, a general argument explain-ing the observed hysteretic patterns
remains elusive. A coarse-grained model of SUHI coupled with a stochastic soil
waterbalance is developed to demonstrate that the time lags betweenradiation forcing,
air temperature, and rainfall generate a rate-dependent hysteresis, explaining
the observed seasonal varia-tions of ∆Ts. If solar radiation is in phase with
water availability,summer conditions cause strong SUHI intensities due to highrural
evaporative cooling. Conversely, cities in seasonally dryregions where evapotranspiration
is out of phase with radia-tion show a summertime oasis effect controlled by backgroundclimate
and vegetation properties. These seasonal patterns ofwarming and cooling have
significant implications for heat mit-igation strategies as urban green spaces
can reduce ∆Ts duringsummertime, while potentially negative effects of albedo
man-agement during winter are mitigated by the seasonality of solarradiation.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Gabriele
full_name: Manoli, Gabriele
last_name: Manoli
- first_name: Simone
full_name: Fatichi, Simone
id: cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6
last_name: Fatichi
- first_name: Elie
full_name: Bou-Zeid, Elie
last_name: Bou-Zeid
- first_name: Gabriel G.
full_name: Katul, Gabriel G.
last_name: Katul
citation:
ama: Manoli G, Fatichi S, Bou-Zeid E, Katul GG. Seasonal hysteresis of surface urban
heat islands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020;117(13):7082-7089.
doi:10.1073/pnas.1917554117
apa: Manoli, G., Fatichi, S., Bou-Zeid, E., & Katul, G. G. (2020). Seasonal
hysteresis of surface urban heat islands. Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917554117
chicago: Manoli, Gabriele, Simone Fatichi, Elie Bou-Zeid, and Gabriel G. Katul.
“Seasonal Hysteresis of Surface Urban Heat Islands.” Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917554117.
ieee: G. Manoli, S. Fatichi, E. Bou-Zeid, and G. G. Katul, “Seasonal hysteresis
of surface urban heat islands,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
vol. 117, no. 13. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 7082–7089, 2020.
ista: Manoli G, Fatichi S, Bou-Zeid E, Katul GG. 2020. Seasonal hysteresis of surface
urban heat islands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117(13),
7082–7089.
mla: Manoli, Gabriele, et al. “Seasonal Hysteresis of Surface Urban Heat Islands.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117, no. 13, National
Academy of Sciences, 2020, pp. 7082–89, doi:10.1073/pnas.1917554117.
short: G. Manoli, S. Fatichi, E. Bou-Zeid, G.G. Katul, Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences 117 (2020) 7082–7089.
das_tickbox: '1'
date_created: 2026-07-27T12:30:24Z
date_published: 2020-03-31T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-07T09:21:58Z
day: '31'
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1917554117
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '32184330 '
intvolume: ' 117'
issue: '13'
keyword:
- Cities
- Hysteresis
- Seasonality
- Surface temperature
- Urban heat island
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917554117
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 7082-7089
pmid: 1
publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1091-6490
issn:
- 0027-8424
publication_status: published
publisher: National Academy of Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Seasonal hysteresis of surface urban heat islands
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 117
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '14891'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We give the first mathematically rigorous justification of the local density
approximation in density functional theory. We provide a quantitative estimate
on the difference between the grand-canonical Levy–Lieb energy of a given density
(the lowest possible energy of all quantum states having this density) and the
integral over the uniform electron gas energy of this density. The error involves
gradient terms and justifies the use of the local density approximation in the
situation where the density is very flat on sufficiently large regions in space.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Mathieu
full_name: Lewin, Mathieu
last_name: Lewin
- first_name: Elliott H.
full_name: Lieb, Elliott H.
last_name: Lieb
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Seiringer, Robert
id: 4AFD0470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Seiringer
orcid: 0000-0002-6781-0521
citation:
ama: Lewin M, Lieb EH, Seiringer R. The local density approximation in density functional
theory. Pure and Applied Analysis. 2020;2(1):35-73. doi:10.2140/paa.2020.2.35
apa: Lewin, M., Lieb, E. H., & Seiringer, R. (2020). The local density approximation
in density functional theory. Pure and Applied Analysis. Mathematical Sciences
Publishers. https://doi.org/10.2140/paa.2020.2.35
chicago: Lewin, Mathieu, Elliott H. Lieb, and Robert Seiringer. “The Local Density
Approximation in Density Functional Theory.” Pure and Applied Analysis.
Mathematical Sciences Publishers, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2140/paa.2020.2.35.
ieee: M. Lewin, E. H. Lieb, and R. Seiringer, “The local density approximation in
density functional theory,” Pure and Applied Analysis, vol. 2, no. 1. Mathematical
Sciences Publishers, pp. 35–73, 2020.
ista: Lewin M, Lieb EH, Seiringer R. 2020. The local density approximation in density
functional theory. Pure and Applied Analysis. 2(1), 35–73.
mla: Lewin, Mathieu, et al. “The Local Density Approximation in Density Functional
Theory.” Pure and Applied Analysis, vol. 2, no. 1, Mathematical Sciences
Publishers, 2020, pp. 35–73, doi:10.2140/paa.2020.2.35.
short: M. Lewin, E.H. Lieb, R. Seiringer, Pure and Applied Analysis 2 (2020) 35–73.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-01-28T23:01:44Z
date_published: 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-12T08:47:14Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: RoSe
doi: 10.2140/paa.2020.2.35
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1903.04046'
intvolume: ' 2'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1903.04046
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 35-73
publication: Pure and Applied Analysis
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2578-5885
issn:
- 2578-5893
publication_status: published
publisher: Mathematical Sciences Publishers
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The local density approximation in density functional theory
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 2
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7388'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We give a Wong-Zakai type characterisation of the solutions of quasilinear
heat equations driven by space-time white noise in 1 + 1 dimensions. In order
to show that the renormalisation counterterms are local in the solution, a careful
arrangement of a few hundred terms is required. The main tool in this computation
is a general ‘integration by parts’ formula that provides a number of linear identities
for the renormalisation constants.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Mate
full_name: Gerencser, Mate
id: 44ECEDF2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Gerencser
citation:
ama: Gerencser M. Nondivergence form quasilinear heat equations driven by space-time
white noise. Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C. 2020;37(3):663-682.
doi:10.1016/j.anihpc.2020.01.003
apa: Gerencser, M. (2020). Nondivergence form quasilinear heat equations driven
by space-time white noise. Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C. Elsevier.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anihpc.2020.01.003
chicago: Gerencser, Mate. “Nondivergence Form Quasilinear Heat Equations Driven
by Space-Time White Noise.” Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C. Elsevier,
2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anihpc.2020.01.003.
ieee: M. Gerencser, “Nondivergence form quasilinear heat equations driven by space-time
white noise,” Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C, vol. 37, no. 3. Elsevier,
pp. 663–682, 2020.
ista: Gerencser M. 2020. Nondivergence form quasilinear heat equations driven by
space-time white noise. Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C. 37(3), 663–682.
mla: Gerencser, Mate. “Nondivergence Form Quasilinear Heat Equations Driven by Space-Time
White Noise.” Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C, vol. 37, no. 3, Elsevier,
2020, pp. 663–82, doi:10.1016/j.anihpc.2020.01.003.
short: M. Gerencser, Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C 37 (2020) 663–682.
date_created: 2020-01-29T09:39:41Z
date_published: 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-12T09:16:09Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: JaMa
doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2020.01.003
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1902.07635'
isi:
- '000531049800007'
intvolume: ' 37'
isi: 1
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.07635
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 663-682
publication: Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré C
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0294-1449
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Nondivergence form quasilinear heat equations driven by space-time white noise
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 37
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8536'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: This work analyzes the latency of the simplified successive cancellation (SSC)
decoding scheme for polar codes proposed by Alamdar-Yazdi and Kschischang. It
is shown that, unlike conventional successive cancellation decoding, where latency
is linear in the block length, the latency of SSC decoding is sublinear. More
specifically, the latency of SSC decoding is O(N 1−1/µ ), where N is the block
length and µ is the scaling exponent of the channel, which captures the speed
of convergence of the rate to capacity. Numerical results demonstrate the tightness
of the bound and show that most of the latency reduction arises from the parallel
decoding of subcodes of rate 0 and 1.
acknowledgement: M. Mondelli was partially supported by grants NSF DMS-1613091, CCF-1714305,
IIS-1741162 and ONR N00014-18-1-2729. S. A. Hashemi is supported by a Postdoctoral
Fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
(NSERC) and by Huawei.
article_number: 401-406
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Mondelli, Marco
id: 27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425
last_name: Mondelli
orcid: 0000-0002-3242-7020
- first_name: Seyyed Ali
full_name: Hashemi, Seyyed Ali
last_name: Hashemi
- first_name: John
full_name: Cioffi, John
last_name: Cioffi
- first_name: Andrea
full_name: Goldsmith, Andrea
last_name: Goldsmith
citation:
ama: 'Mondelli M, Hashemi SA, Cioffi J, Goldsmith A. Simplified successive cancellation
decoding of polar codes has sublinear latency. In: IEEE International Symposium
on Information Theory. Vol 2020-June. IEEE; 2020. doi:10.1109/ISIT44484.2020.9174141'
apa: 'Mondelli, M., Hashemi, S. A., Cioffi, J., & Goldsmith, A. (2020). Simplified
successive cancellation decoding of polar codes has sublinear latency. In IEEE
International Symposium on Information Theory (Vol. 2020–June). Los Angeles,
CA, United States: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIT44484.2020.9174141'
chicago: Mondelli, Marco, Seyyed Ali Hashemi, John Cioffi, and Andrea Goldsmith.
“Simplified Successive Cancellation Decoding of Polar Codes Has Sublinear Latency.”
In IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, Vol. 2020–June.
IEEE, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIT44484.2020.9174141.
ieee: M. Mondelli, S. A. Hashemi, J. Cioffi, and A. Goldsmith, “Simplified successive
cancellation decoding of polar codes has sublinear latency,” in IEEE International
Symposium on Information Theory, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2020, vol.
2020–June.
ista: 'Mondelli M, Hashemi SA, Cioffi J, Goldsmith A. 2020. Simplified successive
cancellation decoding of polar codes has sublinear latency. IEEE International
Symposium on Information Theory. ISIT: International Symposium on Information
Theory vol. 2020–June, 401–406.'
mla: Mondelli, Marco, et al. “Simplified Successive Cancellation Decoding of Polar
Codes Has Sublinear Latency.” IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory,
vol. 2020–June, 401–406, IEEE, 2020, doi:10.1109/ISIT44484.2020.9174141.
short: M. Mondelli, S.A. Hashemi, J. Cioffi, A. Goldsmith, in:, IEEE International
Symposium on Information Theory, IEEE, 2020.
conference:
end_date: 2020-06-26
location: Los Angeles, CA, United States
name: 'ISIT: International Symposium on Information Theory'
start_date: 2020-06-21
date_created: 2020-09-20T22:01:37Z
date_published: 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-12T11:12:23Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: MaMo
doi: 10.1109/ISIT44484.2020.9174141
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1909.04892'
isi:
- '000714963400069'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.04892
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9781728164328'
issn:
- 2157-8095
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '9047'
relation: later_version
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Simplified successive cancellation decoding of polar codes has sublinear latency
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 2020-June
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7651'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The growth of snail shells can be described by simple mathematical rules.
Variation in a few parameters can explain much of the diversity of shell shapes
seen in nature. However, empirical studies of gastropod shell shape variation
typically use geometric morphometric approaches, which do not capture this growth
pattern. We have developed a way to infer a set of developmentally descriptive
shape parameters based on three-dimensional logarithmic helicospiral growth and
using landmarks from two-dimensional shell images as input. We demonstrate the
utility of this approach, and compare it to the geometric morphometric approach,
using a large set of Littorina saxatilis shells in which locally adapted populations
differ in shape. Our method can be modified easily to make it applicable to a
wide range of shell forms, which would allow for investigations of the similarities
and differences between and within many different species of gastropods.
article_number: '20190721'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: J.
full_name: Larsson, J.
last_name: Larsson
- first_name: Anja M
full_name: Westram, Anja M
id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Westram
orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969
- first_name: S.
full_name: Bengmark, S.
last_name: Bengmark
- first_name: T.
full_name: Lundh, T.
last_name: Lundh
- first_name: R. K.
full_name: Butlin, R. K.
last_name: Butlin
citation:
ama: Larsson J, Westram AM, Bengmark S, Lundh T, Butlin RK. A developmentally descriptive
method for quantifying shape in gastropod shells. Journal of the Royal Society
Interface. 2020;17(163). doi:10.1098/rsif.2019.0721
apa: Larsson, J., Westram, A. M., Bengmark, S., Lundh, T., & Butlin, R. K. (2020).
A developmentally descriptive method for quantifying shape in gastropod shells.
Journal of the Royal Society Interface. Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0721
chicago: Larsson, J., Anja M Westram, S. Bengmark, T. Lundh, and R. K. Butlin. “A
Developmentally Descriptive Method for Quantifying Shape in Gastropod Shells.”
Journal of the Royal Society Interface. Royal Society, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0721.
ieee: J. Larsson, A. M. Westram, S. Bengmark, T. Lundh, and R. K. Butlin, “A developmentally
descriptive method for quantifying shape in gastropod shells,” Journal of the
Royal Society Interface, vol. 17, no. 163. Royal Society, 2020.
ista: Larsson J, Westram AM, Bengmark S, Lundh T, Butlin RK. 2020. A developmentally
descriptive method for quantifying shape in gastropod shells. Journal of the Royal
Society Interface. 17(163), 20190721.
mla: Larsson, J., et al. “A Developmentally Descriptive Method for Quantifying Shape
in Gastropod Shells.” Journal of the Royal Society Interface, vol. 17,
no. 163, 20190721, Royal Society, 2020, doi:10.1098/rsif.2019.0721.
short: J. Larsson, A.M. Westram, S. Bengmark, T. Lundh, R.K. Butlin, Journal of
the Royal Society Interface 17 (2020).
date_created: 2020-04-08T15:19:17Z
date_published: 2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-12T14:06:19Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0721
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 4eb102304402f5c56432516b84df86d6
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-04-14T12:31:16Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:01Z
file_id: '7660'
file_name: 2020_JournRoyalSociety_Larsson.pdf
file_size: 1556190
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:01Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 17'
issue: '163'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Journal of the Royal Society Interface
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1742-5662
issn:
- 1742-5689
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A developmentally descriptive method for quantifying shape in gastropod shells
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 17
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7431'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'In many real-world systems, information can be transmitted in two qualitatively
different ways: by copying or by transformation. Copying occurs when messages
are transmitted without modification, e.g. when an offspring receives an unaltered
copy of a gene from its parent. Transformation occurs when messages are modified
systematically during transmission, e.g. when mutational biases occur during genetic
replication. Standard information-theoretic measures do not distinguish these
two modes of information transfer, although they may reflect different mechanisms
and have different functional consequences. Starting from a few simple axioms,
we derive a decomposition of mutual information into the information transmitted
by copying versus the information transmitted by transformation. We begin with
a decomposition that applies when the source and destination of the channel have
the same set of messages and a notion of message identity exists. We then generalize
our decomposition to other kinds of channels, which can involve different source
and destination sets and broader notions of similarity. In addition, we show that
copy information can be interpreted as the minimal work needed by a physical copying
process, which is relevant for understanding the physics of replication. We use
the proposed decomposition to explore a model of amino acid substitution rates.
Our results apply to any system in which the fidelity of copying, rather than
simple predictability, is of critical relevance.'
acknowledgement: "AK was supported by Grant No. FQXi-RFP-1622 from the FQXi foundation,
and Grant No. CHE-1648973 from the U.S.\r\nNational Science Foundation. AK would
like to thank the Santa Fe Institute for supporting this research. The authors\r\nthank
Jordi Fortuny, Rudolf Hanel, Joshua Garland, and Blai Vidiella for helpful discussions,
as well as the anonymous\r\nreviewers for their insightful suggestions. "
article_number: '0623'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Artemy
full_name: Kolchinsky, Artemy
last_name: Kolchinsky
- first_name: Bernat
full_name: Corominas-Murtra, Bernat
id: 43BE2298-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Corominas-Murtra
orcid: 0000-0001-9806-5643
citation:
ama: Kolchinsky A, Corominas-Murtra B. Decomposing information into copying versus
transformation. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 2020;17(162). doi:10.1098/rsif.2019.0623
apa: Kolchinsky, A., & Corominas-Murtra, B. (2020). Decomposing information
into copying versus transformation. Journal of the Royal Society Interface.
Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0623
chicago: Kolchinsky, Artemy, and Bernat Corominas-Murtra. “Decomposing Information
into Copying versus Transformation.” Journal of the Royal Society Interface.
Royal Society, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0623.
ieee: A. Kolchinsky and B. Corominas-Murtra, “Decomposing information into copying
versus transformation,” Journal of the Royal Society Interface, vol. 17,
no. 162. Royal Society, 2020.
ista: Kolchinsky A, Corominas-Murtra B. 2020. Decomposing information into copying
versus transformation. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 17(162), 0623.
mla: Kolchinsky, Artemy, and Bernat Corominas-Murtra. “Decomposing Information into
Copying versus Transformation.” Journal of the Royal Society Interface,
vol. 17, no. 162, 0623, Royal Society, 2020, doi:10.1098/rsif.2019.0623.
short: A. Kolchinsky, B. Corominas-Murtra, Journal of the Royal Society Interface
17 (2020).
date_created: 2020-02-02T23:01:03Z
date_published: 2020-01-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-12T14:08:47Z
day: '29'
department:
- _id: EdHa
doi: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0623
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1903.10693'
isi:
- '000538369800002'
pmid:
- '31964273'
intvolume: ' 17'
isi: 1
issue: '162'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.10693
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of the Royal Society Interface
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1742-5662
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Decomposing information into copying versus transformation
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 17
year: '2020'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '9814'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Data and mathematica notebooks for plotting figures from Language learning
with communication between learners
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Rasmus
full_name: Ibsen-Jensen, Rasmus
id: 3B699956-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Ibsen-Jensen
orcid: 0000-0003-4783-0389
- first_name: Josef
full_name: Tkadlec, Josef
id: 3F24CCC8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Tkadlec
orcid: 0000-0002-1097-9684
- first_name: Krishnendu
full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Chatterjee
orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Nowak, Martin
last_name: Nowak
citation:
ama: Ibsen-Jensen R, Tkadlec J, Chatterjee K, Nowak M. Data and mathematica notebooks
for plotting figures from language learning with communication between learners
from language acquisition with communication between learners. 2020. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5973013.v1
apa: Ibsen-Jensen, R., Tkadlec, J., Chatterjee, K., & Nowak, M. (2020). Data
and mathematica notebooks for plotting figures from language learning with communication
between learners from language acquisition with communication between learners.
Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5973013.v1
chicago: Ibsen-Jensen, Rasmus, Josef Tkadlec, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Martin
Nowak. “Data and Mathematica Notebooks for Plotting Figures from Language Learning
with Communication between Learners from Language Acquisition with Communication
between Learners.” Royal Society, 2020. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5973013.v1.
ieee: R. Ibsen-Jensen, J. Tkadlec, K. Chatterjee, and M. Nowak, “Data and mathematica
notebooks for plotting figures from language learning with communication between
learners from language acquisition with communication between learners.” Royal
Society, 2020.
ista: Ibsen-Jensen R, Tkadlec J, Chatterjee K, Nowak M. 2020. Data and mathematica
notebooks for plotting figures from language learning with communication between
learners from language acquisition with communication between learners, Royal
Society, 10.6084/m9.figshare.5973013.v1.
mla: Ibsen-Jensen, Rasmus, et al. Data and Mathematica Notebooks for Plotting
Figures from Language Learning with Communication between Learners from Language
Acquisition with Communication between Learners. Royal Society, 2020, doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5973013.v1.
short: R. Ibsen-Jensen, J. Tkadlec, K. Chatterjee, M. Nowak, (2020).
date_created: 2021-08-06T13:09:57Z
date_published: 2020-10-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-12T14:08:28Z
day: '15'
department:
- _id: KrCh
doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5973013.v1
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5973013.v1
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Royal Society
related_material:
record:
- id: '198'
relation: used_in_publication
status: public
status: public
title: Data and mathematica notebooks for plotting figures from language learning
with communication between learners from language acquisition with communication
between learners
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 0043cee0-e5fc-11ee-9736-f83bc23afbf0
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7563'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "We introduce “state space persistence analysis” for deducing the symbolic
dynamics of time series data obtained from high-dimensional chaotic attractors.
To this end, we adapt a topological data analysis technique known as persistent
homology for the characterization of state space projections of chaotic trajectories
and periodic orbits. By comparing the shapes along a chaotic trajectory to those
of the periodic orbits, state space persistence analysis quantifies the shape
similarity of chaotic trajectory segments and periodic orbits. We demonstrate
the method by applying it to the three-dimensional Rössler system and a 30-dimensional
discretization of the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky partial differential equation in (1+1)
dimensions.\r\nOne way of studying chaotic attractors systematically is through
their symbolic dynamics, in which one partitions the state space into qualitatively
different regions and assigns a symbol to each such region.1–3 This yields a “coarse-grained”
state space of the system, which can then be reduced to a Markov chain encoding
all possible transitions between the states of the system. While it is possible
to obtain the symbolic dynamics of low-dimensional chaotic systems with standard
tools such as Poincaré maps, when applied to high-dimensional systems such as
turbulent flows, these tools alone are not sufficient to determine symbolic dynamics.4,5
In this paper, we develop “state space persistence analysis” and demonstrate that
it can be utilized to infer the symbolic dynamics in very high-dimensional settings."
article_number: '033109'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Gökhan
full_name: Yalniz, Gökhan
id: 66E74FA2-D8BF-11E9-8249-8DE2E5697425
last_name: Yalniz
orcid: 0000-0002-8490-9312
- first_name: Nazmi B
full_name: Budanur, Nazmi B
id: 3EA1010E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Budanur
orcid: 0000-0003-0423-5010
citation:
ama: Yalniz G, Budanur NB. Inferring symbolic dynamics of chaotic flows from persistence.
Chaos. 2020;30(3). doi:10.1063/1.5122969
apa: Yalniz, G., & Budanur, N. B. (2020). Inferring symbolic dynamics of chaotic
flows from persistence. Chaos. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5122969
chicago: Yalniz, Gökhan, and Nazmi B Budanur. “Inferring Symbolic Dynamics of Chaotic
Flows from Persistence.” Chaos. AIP Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5122969.
ieee: G. Yalniz and N. B. Budanur, “Inferring symbolic dynamics of chaotic flows
from persistence,” Chaos, vol. 30, no. 3. AIP Publishing, 2020.
ista: Yalniz G, Budanur NB. 2020. Inferring symbolic dynamics of chaotic flows from
persistence. Chaos. 30(3), 033109.
mla: Yalniz, Gökhan, and Nazmi B. Budanur. “Inferring Symbolic Dynamics of Chaotic
Flows from Persistence.” Chaos, vol. 30, no. 3, 033109, AIP Publishing,
2020, doi:10.1063/1.5122969.
short: G. Yalniz, N.B. Budanur, Chaos 30 (2020).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-03-04T08:06:25Z
date_published: 2020-03-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T08:16:31Z
day: '03'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: BjHo
doi: 10.1063/1.5122969
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1910.04584'
isi:
- '000519254800002'
intvolume: ' 30'
isi: 1
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5122969
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Chaos
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1089-7682
issn:
- 1054-1500
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '19684'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Inferring symbolic dynamics of chaotic flows from persistence
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 30
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8586'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of cellular specimens provides insights
into biological processes and structures within a native context. However, a major
challenge still lies in the efficient and reproducible preparation of adherent
cells for subsequent cryo-EM analysis. This is due to the sensitivity of many
cellular specimens to the varying seeding and culturing conditions required for
EM experiments, the often limited amount of cellular material and also the fragility
of EM grids and their substrate. Here, we present low-cost and reusable 3D printed
grid holders, designed to improve specimen preparation when culturing challenging
cellular samples directly on grids. The described grid holders increase cell culture
reproducibility and throughput, and reduce the resources required for cell culturing.
We show that grid holders can be integrated into various cryo-EM workflows, including
micro-patterning approaches to control cell seeding on grids, and for generating
samples for cryo-focused ion beam milling and cryo-electron tomography experiments.
Their adaptable design allows for the generation of specialized grid holders customized
to a large variety of applications.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: Bio
- _id: EM-Fac
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, P33367)
to FKMS. BZ acknowledges support by the Niederösterreich Fond. This research was
also supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources
provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp), the Life Science Facility (LSF), the
BioImaging Facility (BIF) and the Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF). We thank Georgi
Dimchev (IST Austria) and Sonja Jacob (Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities) for testing
our grid holders in different experimental setups and Daniel Gütl and the Kondrashov
group (IST Austria) for granting us repeated access to their 3D printers. We also
thank Jonna Alanko and the Sixt lab (IST Austria) for providing us HeLa cells, primary
BL6 mouse tail fibroblasts, NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and human telomerase immortalised
foreskin fibroblasts for our experiments. We are thankful to Ori Avinoam and William
Wan for helpful comments on the manuscript and also thank Dorotea Fracchiolla (Art&Science)
for illustrating the graphical abstract.
article_number: '107633'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Florian
full_name: Fäßler, Florian
id: 404F5528-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fäßler
orcid: 0000-0001-7149-769X
- first_name: Bettina
full_name: Zens, Bettina
id: 45FD126C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Zens
orcid: 0000-0002-9561-1239
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Hauschild, Robert
id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hauschild
orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Florian KM
full_name: Schur, Florian KM
id: 48AD8942-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Schur
orcid: 0000-0003-4790-8078
citation:
ama: Fäßler F, Zens B, Hauschild R, Schur FK. 3D printed cell culture grid holders
for improved cellular specimen preparation in cryo-electron microscopy. Journal
of Structural Biology. 2020;212(3). doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107633
apa: Fäßler, F., Zens, B., Hauschild, R., & Schur, F. K. (2020). 3D printed
cell culture grid holders for improved cellular specimen preparation in cryo-electron
microscopy. Journal of Structural Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107633
chicago: Fäßler, Florian, Bettina Zens, Robert Hauschild, and Florian KM Schur.
“3D Printed Cell Culture Grid Holders for Improved Cellular Specimen Preparation
in Cryo-Electron Microscopy.” Journal of Structural Biology. Elsevier,
2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107633.
ieee: F. Fäßler, B. Zens, R. Hauschild, and F. K. Schur, “3D printed cell culture
grid holders for improved cellular specimen preparation in cryo-electron microscopy,”
Journal of Structural Biology, vol. 212, no. 3. Elsevier, 2020.
ista: Fäßler F, Zens B, Hauschild R, Schur FK. 2020. 3D printed cell culture grid
holders for improved cellular specimen preparation in cryo-electron microscopy.
Journal of Structural Biology. 212(3), 107633.
mla: Fäßler, Florian, et al. “3D Printed Cell Culture Grid Holders for Improved
Cellular Specimen Preparation in Cryo-Electron Microscopy.” Journal of Structural
Biology, vol. 212, no. 3, 107633, Elsevier, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107633.
short: F. Fäßler, B. Zens, R. Hauschild, F.K. Schur, Journal of Structural Biology
212 (2020).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-09-29T13:24:06Z
date_published: 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-04T22:30:02Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: FlSc
doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107633
external_id:
isi:
- '000600997800008'
pmid:
- '32987119'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: c48cbf594e84fc2f91966ffaafc0918c
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-12-10T14:01:10Z
date_updated: 2020-12-10T14:01:10Z
file_id: '8937'
file_name: 2020_JourStrucBiology_Faessler.pdf
file_size: 7076870
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-12-10T14:01:10Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 212'
isi: 1
issue: '3'
keyword:
- electron microscopy
- cryo-EM
- EM sample preparation
- 3D printing
- cell culture
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 9B954C5C-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
grant_number: P33367
name: Structure and isoform diversity of the Arp2/3 complex
- _id: 059B463C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
name: NÖ-Fonds Preis für die Jungforscherin des Jahres am IST Austria
publication: Journal of Structural Biology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1047-8477
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '14592'
relation: used_in_publication
status: public
- id: '12491'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 3D printed cell culture grid holders for improved cellular specimen preparation
in cryo-electron microscopy
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 212
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7473'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: How structural and functional properties of synapses relate to each other
is a fundamental question in neuroscience. Electrophysiology has elucidated mechanisms
of synaptic transmission, and electron microscopy (EM) has provided insight into
morphological properties of synapses. Here we describe an enhanced method for
functional EM (“flash and freeze”), combining optogenetic stimulation with high-pressure
freezing. We demonstrate that the improved method can be applied to intact networks
in acute brain slices and organotypic slice cultures from mice. As a proof of
concept, we probed vesicle pool changes during synaptic transmission at the hippocampal
mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal neuron synapse. Our findings show overlap of the docked
vesicle pool and the functionally defined readily releasable pool and provide
evidence of fast endocytosis at this synapse. Functional EM with acute slices
and slice cultures has the potential to reveal the structural and functional mechanisms
of transmission in intact, genetically perturbed, and disease-affected synapses.
acknowledgement: This project has received funding from the European Research Council
(ERC) and European Commission (EC), under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme (ERC grant agreement No. 692692 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie
708497) and from Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Z 312-B27
Wittgenstein award and DK W1205-B09). We thank Johann Danzl and Ryuichi Shigemoto
for critically reading the manuscript; Walter Kaufmann, Daniel Gutl, and Vanessa
Zheden for extensive EM training, advice, and experimental assistance; Benjamin
Suter for substantial help with light stimulation, ImageJ plugins for analysis,
and manuscript editing; Florian Marr and Christina Altmutter for technical support;
Eleftheria Kralli-Beller for manuscript editing; Julia König and Paul Wurzinger
(Leica Microsystems) for helpful technical discussions; and Taija Makinen for providing
the Prox1-CreERT2 mouse line.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Carolina
full_name: Borges Merjane, Carolina
id: 4305C450-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Borges Merjane
orcid: 0000-0003-0005-401X
- first_name: Olena
full_name: Kim, Olena
id: 3F8ABDDA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kim
orcid: 0000-0003-2344-1039
- first_name: Peter M
full_name: Jonas, Peter M
id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jonas
orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
citation:
ama: Borges Merjane C, Kim O, Jonas PM. Functional electron microscopy (“Flash and
Freeze”) of identified cortical synapses in acute brain slices. Neuron.
2020;105:992-1006. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.022
apa: Borges Merjane, C., Kim, O., & Jonas, P. M. (2020). Functional electron
microscopy (“Flash and Freeze”) of identified cortical synapses in acute brain
slices. Neuron. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.022
chicago: Borges Merjane, Carolina, Olena Kim, and Peter M Jonas. “Functional Electron
Microscopy (‘Flash and Freeze’) of Identified Cortical Synapses in Acute Brain
Slices.” Neuron. Elsevier, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.022.
ieee: C. Borges Merjane, O. Kim, and P. M. Jonas, “Functional electron microscopy
(‘Flash and Freeze’) of identified cortical synapses in acute brain slices,” Neuron,
vol. 105. Elsevier, pp. 992–1006, 2020.
ista: Borges Merjane C, Kim O, Jonas PM. 2020. Functional electron microscopy (“Flash
and Freeze”) of identified cortical synapses in acute brain slices. Neuron. 105,
992–1006.
mla: Borges Merjane, Carolina, et al. “Functional Electron Microscopy (‘Flash and
Freeze’) of Identified Cortical Synapses in Acute Brain Slices.” Neuron,
vol. 105, Elsevier, 2020, pp. 992–1006, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.022.
short: C. Borges Merjane, O. Kim, P.M. Jonas, Neuron 105 (2020) 992–1006.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-02-10T15:59:45Z
date_published: 2020-03-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-04T22:30:05Z
day: '18'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: PeJo
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.022
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000520854700008'
pmid:
- '31928842'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 3582664addf26859e86ac5bec3e01416
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-11-20T08:58:53Z
date_updated: 2020-11-20T08:58:53Z
file_id: '8778'
file_name: 2020_Neuron_BorgesMerjane.pdf
file_size: 9712957
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-11-20T08:58:53Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 105'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 992-1006
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25B7EB9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '692692'
name: Biophysics and circuit function of a giant cortical glutamatergic synapse
- _id: 25BAF7B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '708497'
name: Presynaptic calcium channels distribution and impact on coupling at the hippocampal
mossy fiber synapse
- _id: 25C5A090-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: Z00312
name: Synaptic communication in neuronal microcircuits
- _id: 25C3DBB6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: W01205
name: Zellkommunikation in Gesundheit und Krankheit
publication: Neuron
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0896-6273
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on IST Homepage
relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/flash-and-freeze-reveals-dynamics-of-nerve-connections/
record:
- id: '11196'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Functional electron microscopy (“Flash and Freeze”) of identified cortical
synapses in acute brain slices
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 105
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7387'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Most bacteria accomplish cell division with the help of a dynamic protein
complex called the divisome, which spans the cell envelope in the plane of division.
Assembly and activation of this machinery are coordinated by the tubulin-related
GTPase FtsZ, which was found to form treadmilling filaments on supported bilayers
in vitro1, as well as in live cells, in which filaments circle around the cell
division site2,3. Treadmilling of FtsZ is thought to actively move proteins around
the division septum, thereby distributing peptidoglycan synthesis and coordinating
the inward growth of the septum to form the new poles of the daughter cells4.
However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this function are largely unknown.
Here, to study how FtsZ polymerization dynamics are coupled to downstream proteins,
we reconstituted part of the bacterial cell division machinery using its purified
components FtsZ, FtsA and truncated transmembrane proteins essential for cell
division. We found that the membrane-bound cytosolic peptides of FtsN and FtsQ
co-migrated with treadmilling FtsZ–FtsA filaments, but despite their directed
collective behaviour, individual peptides showed random motion and transient confinement.
Our work suggests that divisome proteins follow treadmilling FtsZ filaments by
a diffusion-and-capture mechanism, which can give rise to a moving zone of signalling
activity at the division site.
acknowledgement: We acknowledge members of the Loose laboratory at IST Austria for
helpful discussions—in particular, P. Caldas for help with the treadmilling analysis,
M. Jimenez, A. Raso and N. Ropero for providing Alexa Fluor 488- and Alexa Fluor
647-labelled FtsA for the MST and analytical ultracentrifugation experiments. We
thank C. You for providing the DODA-tris-NTA phospholipids, as well as J. Piehler
and C. Richter (Department of Biology, University of Osnabruck, Germany) for the
SLIMfast single-molecule tracking software and help with the confinement analysis.
We thank J. Errington and H. Murray (both at Newcastle University, UK) for critical
reading of the manuscript, and J. Brugués (MPI-CBG and MPI-PKS, Dresden, Germany)
for help with the MATLAB programming and reading of the manuscript. This work was
supported by the European Research Council through grant ERC-2015-StG-679239 to
M.L. and grants HFSP LT 000824/2016-L4 and EMBO ALTF 1163-2015 to N.B., a grant
from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government (BFU2016-75471-C2-1-P)
to C.A. and G.R., and a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator award (101824/Z/13/Z)
and a grant from the BBSRC (BB/R017409/1) to W.V.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Natalia S.
full_name: Baranova, Natalia S.
id: 38661662-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Baranova
orcid: 0000-0002-3086-9124
- first_name: Philipp
full_name: Radler, Philipp
id: 40136C2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Radler
orcid: '0000-0001-9198-2182 '
- first_name: Víctor M.
full_name: Hernández-Rocamora, Víctor M.
last_name: Hernández-Rocamora
- first_name: Carlos
full_name: Alfonso, Carlos
last_name: Alfonso
- first_name: Maria D
full_name: Lopez Pelegrin, Maria D
id: 319AA9CE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Lopez Pelegrin
- first_name: Germán
full_name: Rivas, Germán
last_name: Rivas
- first_name: Waldemar
full_name: Vollmer, Waldemar
last_name: Vollmer
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Loose, Martin
id: 462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Loose
orcid: 0000-0001-7309-9724
citation:
ama: Baranova NS, Radler P, Hernández-Rocamora VM, et al. Diffusion and capture
permits dynamic coupling between treadmilling FtsZ filaments and cell division
proteins. Nature Microbiology. 2020;5:407-417. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5
apa: Baranova, N. S., Radler, P., Hernández-Rocamora, V. M., Alfonso, C., Lopez
Pelegrin, M. D., Rivas, G., … Loose, M. (2020). Diffusion and capture permits
dynamic coupling between treadmilling FtsZ filaments and cell division proteins.
Nature Microbiology. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5
chicago: Baranova, Natalia S., Philipp Radler, Víctor M. Hernández-Rocamora, Carlos
Alfonso, Maria D Lopez Pelegrin, Germán Rivas, Waldemar Vollmer, and Martin Loose.
“Diffusion and Capture Permits Dynamic Coupling between Treadmilling FtsZ Filaments
and Cell Division Proteins.” Nature Microbiology. Springer Nature, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5.
ieee: N. S. Baranova et al., “Diffusion and capture permits dynamic coupling
between treadmilling FtsZ filaments and cell division proteins,” Nature Microbiology,
vol. 5. Springer Nature, pp. 407–417, 2020.
ista: Baranova NS, Radler P, Hernández-Rocamora VM, Alfonso C, Lopez Pelegrin MD,
Rivas G, Vollmer W, Loose M. 2020. Diffusion and capture permits dynamic coupling
between treadmilling FtsZ filaments and cell division proteins. Nature Microbiology.
5, 407–417.
mla: Baranova, Natalia S., et al. “Diffusion and Capture Permits Dynamic Coupling
between Treadmilling FtsZ Filaments and Cell Division Proteins.” Nature Microbiology,
vol. 5, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 407–17, doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5.
short: N.S. Baranova, P. Radler, V.M. Hernández-Rocamora, C. Alfonso, M.D. Lopez
Pelegrin, G. Rivas, W. Vollmer, M. Loose, Nature Microbiology 5 (2020) 407–417.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-01-28T16:14:41Z
date_published: 2020-01-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-04T22:30:13Z
day: '20'
department:
- _id: MaLo
doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000508584700007'
pmid:
- '31959972'
intvolume: ' 5'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://europepmc.org/article/PMC/7048620
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 407-417
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 2595697A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '679239'
name: Self-Organization of the Bacterial Cell
- _id: 259B655A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: LT000824/2016
name: Reconstitution of bacterial cell wall synthesis
- _id: 2596EAB6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: ALTF 2015-1163
name: Synthesis of bacterial cell wall
publication: Nature Microbiology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2058-5276
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on IST Homepage
relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/little-cell-big-cover-story/
record:
- id: '14280'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Diffusion and capture permits dynamic coupling between treadmilling FtsZ filaments
and cell division proteins
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 5
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7888'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Embryonic stem cell cultures are thought to self-organize into embryoid bodies,
able to undergo symmetry-breaking, germ layer specification and even morphogenesis.
Yet, it is unclear how to reconcile this remarkable self-organization capacity
with classical experiments demonstrating key roles for extrinsic biases by maternal
factors and/or extraembryonic tissues in embryogenesis. Here, we show that zebrafish
embryonic tissue explants, prepared prior to germ layer induction and lacking
extraembryonic tissues, can specify all germ layers and form a seemingly complete
mesendoderm anlage. Importantly, explant organization requires polarized inheritance
of maternal factors from dorsal-marginal regions of the blastoderm. Moreover,
induction of endoderm and head-mesoderm, which require peak Nodal-signaling levels,
is highly variable in explants, reminiscent of embryos with reduced Nodal signals
from the extraembryonic tissues. Together, these data suggest that zebrafish explants
do not undergo bona fide self-organization, but rather display features of genetically
encoded self-assembly, where intrinsic genetic programs control the emergence
of order.
article_number: e55190
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexandra
full_name: Schauer, Alexandra
id: 30A536BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Schauer
orcid: 0000-0001-7659-9142
- first_name: Diana C
full_name: Nunes Pinheiro, Diana C
id: 2E839F16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Nunes Pinheiro
orcid: 0000-0003-4333-7503
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Hauschild, Robert
id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hauschild
orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
ama: Schauer A, Nunes Pinheiro DC, Hauschild R, Heisenberg C-PJ. Zebrafish embryonic
explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly. eLife. 2020;9. doi:10.7554/elife.55190
apa: Schauer, A., Nunes Pinheiro, D. C., Hauschild, R., & Heisenberg, C.-P.
J. (2020). Zebrafish embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly.
ELife. eLife Sciences Publications. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.55190
chicago: Schauer, Alexandra, Diana C Nunes Pinheiro, Robert Hauschild, and Carl-Philipp
J Heisenberg. “Zebrafish Embryonic Explants Undergo Genetically Encoded Self-Assembly.”
ELife. eLife Sciences Publications, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.55190.
ieee: A. Schauer, D. C. Nunes Pinheiro, R. Hauschild, and C.-P. J. Heisenberg, “Zebrafish
embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly,” eLife, vol.
9. eLife Sciences Publications, 2020.
ista: Schauer A, Nunes Pinheiro DC, Hauschild R, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2020. Zebrafish
embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly. eLife. 9, e55190.
mla: Schauer, Alexandra, et al. “Zebrafish Embryonic Explants Undergo Genetically
Encoded Self-Assembly.” ELife, vol. 9, e55190, eLife Sciences Publications,
2020, doi:10.7554/elife.55190.
short: A. Schauer, D.C. Nunes Pinheiro, R. Hauschild, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, ELife
9 (2020).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-05-25T15:01:40Z
date_published: 2020-04-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-04T22:30:15Z
day: '06'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: CaHe
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.7554/elife.55190
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000531544400001'
pmid:
- '32250246'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: f6aad884cf706846ae9357fcd728f8b5
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-05-25T15:15:43Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:04Z
file_id: '7890'
file_name: 2020_eLife_Schauer.pdf
file_size: 7744848
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 9'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 260F1432-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '742573'
name: Interaction and feedback between cell mechanics and fate specification in
vertebrate gastrulation
- _id: 26B1E39C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: '25239'
name: 'Mesendoderm specification in zebrafish: The role of extraembryonic tissues'
- _id: 26520D1E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: ALTF 850-2017
name: Coordination of mesendoderm cell fate specification and internalization during
zebrafish gastrulation
- _id: 266BC5CE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: LT000429
name: Coordination of mesendoderm fate specification and internalization during
zebrafish gastrulation
publication: eLife
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2050-084X
publication_status: published
publisher: eLife Sciences Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '12891'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Zebrafish embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 9
year: '2020'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '7885'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Eukaryotic cells migrate by coupling the intracellular force of the actin
cytoskeleton to the environment. While force coupling is usually mediated by transmembrane
adhesion receptors, especially those of the integrin family, amoeboid cells such
as leukocytes can migrate extremely fast despite very low adhesive forces1. Here
we show that leukocytes cannot only migrate under low adhesion but can also transmit
forces in the complete absence of transmembrane force coupling. When confined
within three-dimensional environments, they use the topographical features of
the substrate to propel themselves. Here the retrograde flow of the actin cytoskeleton
follows the texture of the substrate, creating retrograde shear forces that are
sufficient to drive the cell body forwards. Notably, adhesion-dependent and adhesion-independent
migration are not mutually exclusive, but rather are variants of the same principle
of coupling retrograde actin flow to the environment and thus can potentially
operate interchangeably and simultaneously. As adhesion-free migration is independent
of the chemical composition of the environment, it renders cells completely autonomous
in their locomotive behaviour.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: We thank A. Leithner and J. Renkawitz for discussion and critical
reading of the manuscript; J. Schwarz and M. Mehling for establishing the microfluidic
setups; the Bioimaging Facility of IST Austria for excellent support, as well as
the Life Science Facility and the Miba Machine Shop of IST Austria; and F. N. Arslan,
L. E. Burnett and L. Li for their work during their rotation in the IST PhD programme.
This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC StG 281556 and CoG
724373) to M.S. and grants from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF P29911) and the WWTF
to M.S. M.H. was supported by the European Regional Development Fund Project (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000476).
F.G. received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 747687.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Anne
full_name: Reversat, Anne
id: 35B76592-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Reversat
orcid: 0000-0003-0666-8928
- first_name: Florian R
full_name: Gärtner, Florian R
id: 397A88EE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Gärtner
orcid: 0000-0001-6120-3723
- first_name: Jack
full_name: Merrin, Jack
id: 4515C308-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Merrin
orcid: 0000-0001-5145-4609
- first_name: Julian A
full_name: Stopp, Julian A
id: 489E3F00-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Stopp
- first_name: Saren
full_name: Tasciyan, Saren
id: 4323B49C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Tasciyan
orcid: 0000-0003-1671-393X
- first_name: Juan L
full_name: Aguilera Servin, Juan L
id: 2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Aguilera Servin
orcid: 0000-0002-2862-8372
- first_name: Ingrid
full_name: De Vries, Ingrid
id: 4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: De Vries
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Hauschild, Robert
id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hauschild
orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Miroslav
full_name: Hons, Miroslav
id: 4167FE56-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hons
orcid: 0000-0002-6625-3348
- first_name: Matthieu
full_name: Piel, Matthieu
last_name: Piel
- first_name: Andrew
full_name: Callan-Jones, Andrew
last_name: Callan-Jones
- first_name: Raphael
full_name: Voituriez, Raphael
last_name: Voituriez
- first_name: Michael K
full_name: Sixt, Michael K
id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sixt
orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
citation:
ama: Reversat A, Gärtner FR, Merrin J, et al. Cellular locomotion using environmental
topography. Nature. 2020;582:582–585. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z
apa: Reversat, A., Gärtner, F. R., Merrin, J., Stopp, J. A., Tasciyan, S., Aguilera
Servin, J. L., … Sixt, M. K. (2020). Cellular locomotion using environmental topography.
Nature. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z
chicago: Reversat, Anne, Florian R Gärtner, Jack Merrin, Julian A Stopp, Saren Tasciyan,
Juan L Aguilera Servin, Ingrid de Vries, et al. “Cellular Locomotion Using Environmental
Topography.” Nature. Springer Nature, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z.
ieee: A. Reversat et al., “Cellular locomotion using environmental topography,”
Nature, vol. 582. Springer Nature, pp. 582–585, 2020.
ista: Reversat A, Gärtner FR, Merrin J, Stopp JA, Tasciyan S, Aguilera Servin JL,
de Vries I, Hauschild R, Hons M, Piel M, Callan-Jones A, Voituriez R, Sixt MK.
2020. Cellular locomotion using environmental topography. Nature. 582, 582–585.
mla: Reversat, Anne, et al. “Cellular Locomotion Using Environmental Topography.”
Nature, vol. 582, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 582–585, doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z.
short: A. Reversat, F.R. Gärtner, J. Merrin, J.A. Stopp, S. Tasciyan, J.L. Aguilera
Servin, I. de Vries, R. Hauschild, M. Hons, M. Piel, A. Callan-Jones, R. Voituriez,
M.K. Sixt, Nature 582 (2020) 582–585.
date_created: 2020-05-24T22:01:01Z
date_published: 2020-06-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-04T22:30:17Z
day: '25'
department:
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: Bio
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000532688300008'
pmid:
- '32581372'
intvolume: ' 582'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/793919
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 582–585
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '281556'
name: Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes
- _id: 25FE9508-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '724373'
name: Cellular Navigation Along Spatial Gradients
- _id: 26018E70-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P29911
name: Mechanical adaptation of lamellipodial actin
- _id: 260AA4E2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '747687'
name: Mechanical Adaptation of Lamellipodial Actin Networks in Migrating Cells
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1476-4687
issn:
- 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on IST Homepage
relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/off-road-mode-enables-mobile-cells-to-move-freely/
record:
- id: '12401'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '14697'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Cellular locomotion using environmental topography
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 582
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '9198'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The optimization of multilayer neural networks typically leads to a solution\r\nwith
zero training error, yet the landscape can exhibit spurious local minima\r\nand
the minima can be disconnected. In this paper, we shed light on this\r\nphenomenon:
we show that the combination of stochastic gradient descent (SGD)\r\nand over-parameterization
makes the landscape of multilayer neural networks\r\napproximately connected and
thus more favorable to optimization. More\r\nspecifically, we prove that SGD solutions
are connected via a piecewise linear\r\npath, and the increase in loss along this
path vanishes as the number of\r\nneurons grows large. This result is a consequence
of the fact that the\r\nparameters found by SGD are increasingly dropout stable
as the network becomes\r\nwider. We show that, if we remove part of the neurons
(and suitably rescale the\r\nremaining ones), the change in loss is independent
of the total number of\r\nneurons, and it depends only on how many neurons are
left. Our results exhibit\r\na mild dependence on the input dimension: they are
dimension-free for two-layer\r\nnetworks and depend linearly on the dimension
for multilayer networks. We\r\nvalidate our theoretical findings with numerical
experiments for different\r\narchitectures and classification tasks."
acknowledgement: M. Mondelli was partially supported by the 2019 LopezLoreta Prize.
The authors thank Phan-Minh Nguyen for helpful discussions and the IST Distributed
Algorithms and Systems Lab for providing computational resources.
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Aleksandr
full_name: Shevchenko, Aleksandr
id: F2B06EC2-C99E-11E9-89F0-752EE6697425
last_name: Shevchenko
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Mondelli, Marco
id: 27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425
last_name: Mondelli
orcid: 0000-0002-3242-7020
citation:
ama: 'Shevchenko A, Mondelli M. Landscape connectivity and dropout stability of
SGD solutions for over-parameterized neural networks. In: Proceedings of the
37th International Conference on Machine Learning. Vol 119. ML Research Press;
2020:8773-8784.'
apa: Shevchenko, A., & Mondelli, M. (2020). Landscape connectivity and dropout
stability of SGD solutions for over-parameterized neural networks. In Proceedings
of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning (Vol. 119, pp. 8773–8784).
ML Research Press.
chicago: Shevchenko, Aleksandr, and Marco Mondelli. “Landscape Connectivity and
Dropout Stability of SGD Solutions for Over-Parameterized Neural Networks.” In
Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning, 119:8773–84.
ML Research Press, 2020.
ieee: A. Shevchenko and M. Mondelli, “Landscape connectivity and dropout stability
of SGD solutions for over-parameterized neural networks,” in Proceedings of
the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning, 2020, vol. 119, pp.
8773–8784.
ista: Shevchenko A, Mondelli M. 2020. Landscape connectivity and dropout stability
of SGD solutions for over-parameterized neural networks. Proceedings of the 37th
International Conference on Machine Learning. vol. 119, 8773–8784.
mla: Shevchenko, Aleksandr, and Marco Mondelli. “Landscape Connectivity and Dropout
Stability of SGD Solutions for Over-Parameterized Neural Networks.” Proceedings
of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning, vol. 119, ML Research
Press, 2020, pp. 8773–84.
short: A. Shevchenko, M. Mondelli, in:, Proceedings of the 37th International Conference
on Machine Learning, ML Research Press, 2020, pp. 8773–8784.
date_created: 2021-02-25T09:36:22Z
date_published: 2020-07-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-04T22:30:18Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: MaMo
- _id: DaAl
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1912.10095'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: f042c8d4316bd87c6361aa76f1fbdbbe
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2021-03-02T15:38:14Z
date_updated: 2021-03-02T15:38:14Z
file_id: '9217'
file_name: 2020_PMLR_Shevchenko.pdf
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success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-03-02T15:38:14Z
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intvolume: ' 119'
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month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 8773-8784
project:
- _id: 059876FA-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
name: Prix Lopez-Loretta 2019 - Marco Mondelli
publication: Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning
publication_status: published
publisher: ML Research Press
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '17465'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
title: Landscape connectivity and dropout stability of SGD solutions for over-parameterized
neural networks
type: conference
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 119
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7815'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Beginning from a limited pool of progenitors, the mammalian cerebral cortex
forms highly organized functional neural circuits. However, the underlying cellular
and molecular mechanisms regulating lineage transitions of neural stem cells (NSCs)
and eventual production of neurons and glia in the developing neuroepithelium
remains unclear. Methods to trace NSC division patterns and map the lineage of
clonally related cells have advanced dramatically. However, many contemporary
lineage tracing techniques suffer from the lack of cellular resolution of progeny
cell fate, which is essential for deciphering progenitor cell division patterns.
Presented is a protocol using mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) to perform
in vivo clonal analysis. MADM concomitantly manipulates individual progenitor
cells and visualizes precise division patterns and lineage progression at unprecedented
single cell resolution. MADM-based interchromosomal recombination events during
the G2-X phase of mitosis, together with temporally inducible CreERT2, provide
exact information on the birth dates of clones and their division patterns. Thus,
MADM lineage tracing provides unprecedented qualitative and quantitative optical
readouts of the proliferation mode of stem cell progenitors at the single cell
level. MADM also allows for examination of the mechanisms and functional requirements
of candidate genes in NSC lineage progression. This method is unique in that comparative
analysis of control and mutant subclones can be performed in the same tissue environment
in vivo. Here, the protocol is described in detail, and experimental paradigms
to employ MADM for clonal analysis and lineage tracing in the developing cerebral
cortex are demonstrated. Importantly, this protocol can be adapted to perform
MADM clonal analysis in any murine stem cell niche, as long as the CreERT2 driver
is present.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: PreCl
article_number: e61147
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Robert J
full_name: Beattie, Robert J
id: 2E26DF60-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Beattie
orcid: 0000-0002-8483-8753
- first_name: Carmen
full_name: Streicher, Carmen
id: 36BCB99C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Streicher
- first_name: Nicole
full_name: Amberg, Nicole
id: 4CD6AAC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Amberg
orcid: 0000-0002-3183-8207
- first_name: Giselle T
full_name: Cheung, Giselle T
id: 471195F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cheung
orcid: 0000-0001-8457-2572
- first_name: Ximena
full_name: Contreras, Ximena
id: 475990FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Contreras
- first_name: Andi H
full_name: Hansen, Andi H
id: 38853E16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hansen
- first_name: Simon
full_name: Hippenmeyer, Simon
id: 37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hippenmeyer
orcid: 0000-0003-2279-1061
citation:
ama: Beattie RJ, Streicher C, Amberg N, et al. Lineage tracing and clonal analysis
in developing cerebral cortex using mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM).
Journal of Visual Experiments. 2020;(159). doi:10.3791/61147
apa: Beattie, R. J., Streicher, C., Amberg, N., Cheung, G. T., Contreras, X., Hansen,
A. H., & Hippenmeyer, S. (2020). Lineage tracing and clonal analysis in developing
cerebral cortex using mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM). Journal of
Visual Experiments. MyJove Corporation. https://doi.org/10.3791/61147
chicago: Beattie, Robert J, Carmen Streicher, Nicole Amberg, Giselle T Cheung, Ximena
Contreras, Andi H Hansen, and Simon Hippenmeyer. “Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis
in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM).”
Journal of Visual Experiments. MyJove Corporation, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3791/61147.
ieee: R. J. Beattie et al., “Lineage tracing and clonal analysis in developing
cerebral cortex using mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM),” Journal
of Visual Experiments, no. 159. MyJove Corporation, 2020.
ista: Beattie RJ, Streicher C, Amberg N, Cheung GT, Contreras X, Hansen AH, Hippenmeyer
S. 2020. Lineage tracing and clonal analysis in developing cerebral cortex using
mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM). Journal of Visual Experiments. (159),
e61147.
mla: Beattie, Robert J., et al. “Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing
Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM).” Journal
of Visual Experiments, no. 159, e61147, MyJove Corporation, 2020, doi:10.3791/61147.
short: R.J. Beattie, C. Streicher, N. Amberg, G.T. Cheung, X. Contreras, A.H. Hansen,
S. Hippenmeyer, Journal of Visual Experiments (2020).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-05-11T08:31:20Z
date_published: 2020-05-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-04T22:30:20Z
day: '08'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: SiHi
doi: 10.3791/61147
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000546406600043'
pmid:
- '32449730'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 3154ea7f90b9fb45e084cd1c2770597d
content_type: application/pdf
creator: rbeattie
date_created: 2020-05-11T08:28:38Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:03Z
file_id: '7816'
file_name: jove-protocol-61147-lineage-tracing-clonal-analysis-developing-cerebral-cortex-using.pdf
file_size: 1352186
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:03Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
isi: 1
issue: '159'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 264E56E2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: M02416
name: Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Gliogenesis in the Neocortex
- _id: 268F8446-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: T01031
name: Role of Eed in neural stem cell lineage progression
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '754411'
name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 2625A13E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: '24812'
name: Molecular mechanisms of radial neuronal migration
- _id: 260018B0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '725780'
name: Principles of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression in Cerebral Cortex Development
publication: Journal of Visual Experiments
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1940-087X
publication_status: published
publisher: MyJove Corporation
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '7902'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Lineage tracing and clonal analysis in developing cerebral cortex using mosaic
analysis with double markers (MADM)
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
_id: '7902'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Mosaic genetic analysis has been widely used in different model organisms
such as the fruit fly to study gene-function in a cell-autonomous or tissue-specific
fashion. More recently, and less easily conducted, mosaic genetic analysis in
mice has also been enabled with the ambition to shed light on human gene function
and disease. These genetic tools are of particular interest, but not restricted
to, the study of the brain. Notably, the MADM technology offers a genetic approach
in mice to visualize and concomitantly manipulate small subsets of genetically
defined cells at a clonal level and single cell resolution. MADM-based analysis
has already advanced the study of genetic mechanisms regulating brain development
and is expected that further MADM-based analysis of genetic alterations will continue
to reveal important insights on the fundamental principles of development and
disease to potentially assist in the development of new therapies or treatments.\r\nIn
summary, this work completed and characterized the necessary genome-wide genetic
tools to perform MADM-based analysis at single cell level of the vast majority
of mouse genes in virtually any cell type and provided a protocol to perform lineage
tracing using the novel MADM resource. Importantly, this work also explored and
revealed novel aspects of biologically relevant events in an in vivo context,
such as the chromosome-specific bias of chromatid sister segregation pattern,
the generation of cell-type diversity in the cerebral cortex and in the cerebellum
and finally, the relevance of the interplay between the cell-autonomous gene function
and cell-non-autonomous (community) effects in radial glial progenitor lineage
progression.\r\nThis work provides a foundation and opens the door to further
elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal diversity and astrocyte
generation."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: PreCl
- _id: Bio
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Ximena
full_name: Contreras, Ximena
id: 475990FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Contreras
citation:
ama: Contreras X. Genetic dissection of neural development in health and disease
at single cell resolution. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7902
apa: Contreras, X. (2020). Genetic dissection of neural development in health
and disease at single cell resolution. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7902
chicago: Contreras, Ximena. “Genetic Dissection of Neural Development in Health
and Disease at Single Cell Resolution.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7902.
ieee: X. Contreras, “Genetic dissection of neural development in health and disease
at single cell resolution,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Contreras X. 2020. Genetic dissection of neural development in health and
disease at single cell resolution. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Contreras, Ximena. Genetic Dissection of Neural Development in Health and
Disease at Single Cell Resolution. Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7902.
short: X. Contreras, Genetic Dissection of Neural Development in Health and Disease
at Single Cell Resolution, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-05-29T08:27:32Z
date_published: 2020-06-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-18T19:12:39Z
day: '05'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: SiHi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7902
ec_funded: 1
file:
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checksum: 43c172bf006c95b65992d473c7240d13
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: xcontreras
date_created: 2020-06-05T08:18:08Z
date_updated: 2021-06-07T22:30:03Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '7927'
file_name: PhDThesis_Contreras.docx
file_size: 53134142
relation: source_file
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checksum: addfed9128271be05cae3608e03a6ec0
content_type: application/pdf
creator: xcontreras
date_created: 2020-06-05T08:18:07Z
date_updated: 2021-06-07T22:30:03Z
embargo: 2021-06-06
file_id: '7928'
file_name: PhDThesis_Contreras.pdf
file_size: 35117191
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2021-06-07T22:30:03Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '214'
project:
- _id: 260018B0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '725780'
name: Principles of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression in Cerebral Cortex Development
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '28'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '7815'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '6830'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Simon
full_name: Hippenmeyer, Simon
id: 37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hippenmeyer
orcid: 0000-0003-2279-1061
title: Genetic dissection of neural development in health and disease at single cell
resolution
type: dissertation
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8190'
article_number: e202007029
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Michael K
full_name: Sixt, Michael K
id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sixt
orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
- first_name: Anna
full_name: Huttenlocher, Anna
last_name: Huttenlocher
citation:
ama: 'Sixt MK, Huttenlocher A. Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell biology in context. The
Journal of Cell Biology. 2020;219(8). doi:10.1083/jcb.202007029'
apa: 'Sixt, M. K., & Huttenlocher, A. (2020). Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell biology
in context. The Journal of Cell Biology. Rockefeller University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202007029'
chicago: 'Sixt, Michael K, and Anna Huttenlocher. “Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell Biology
in Context.” The Journal of Cell Biology. Rockefeller University Press,
2020. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202007029.'
ieee: 'M. K. Sixt and A. Huttenlocher, “Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell biology in context,”
The Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 219, no. 8. Rockefeller University Press,
2020.'
ista: 'Sixt MK, Huttenlocher A. 2020. Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell biology in context.
The Journal of Cell Biology. 219(8), e202007029.'
mla: 'Sixt, Michael K., and Anna Huttenlocher. “Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell Biology
in Context.” The Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 219, no. 8, e202007029,
Rockefeller University Press, 2020, doi:10.1083/jcb.202007029.'
short: M.K. Sixt, A. Huttenlocher, The Journal of Cell Biology 219 (2020).
date_created: 2020-08-02T22:00:57Z
date_published: 2020-07-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-06-12T07:34:40Z
day: '22'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.1083/jcb.202007029
external_id:
isi:
- '000573631000004'
pmid:
- '32699885'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 30016d778d266b8e17d01094917873b8
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-08-04T13:11:52Z
date_updated: 2021-02-02T23:30:03Z
embargo: 2021-02-01
file_id: '8200'
file_name: 2020_JCB_Sixt.pdf
file_size: 830725
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2021-02-02T23:30:03Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 219'
isi: 1
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: The Journal of Cell Biology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1540-8140
publication_status: published
publisher: Rockefeller University Press
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell biology in context'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_sa.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC
BY-NC-SA 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 219
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8350'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Cytoplasm is a gel-like crowded environment composed of tens of thousands
of macromolecules, organelles, cytoskeletal networks and cytosol. The structure
of the cytoplasm is thought to be highly organized and heterogeneous due to the
crowding of its constituents and their effective compartmentalization. In such
an environment, the diffusive dynamics of the molecules is very restricted, an
effect that is further amplified by clustering and anchoring of molecules. Despite
the jammed nature of the cytoplasm at the microscopic scale, large-scale reorganization
of cytoplasm is essential for important cellular functions, such as nuclear positioning
and cell division. How such mesoscale reorganization of the cytoplasm is achieved,
especially for very large cells such as oocytes or syncytial tissues that can
span hundreds of micrometers in size, has only begun to be understood.\r\nIn this
thesis, I focus on the recent advances in elucidating the molecular, cellular
and biophysical principles underlying cytoplasmic organization across different
scales, structures and species. First, I outline which of these principles have
been identified by reductionist approaches, such as in vitro reconstitution assays,
where boundary conditions and components can be modulated at ease. I then describe
how the theoretical and experimental framework established in these reduced systems
have been applied to their more complex in vivo counterparts, in particular oocytes
and embryonic syncytial structures, and discuss how such complex biological systems
can initiate symmetry breaking and establish patterning.\r\nSpecifically, I examine
an example of large-scale reorganizations taking place in zebrafish embryos, where
extensive cytoplasmic streaming leads to the segregation of cytoplasm from yolk
granules along the animal-vegetal axis of the embryo. Using biophysical experimentation
and theory, I investigate the forces underlying this process, to show that this
process does not rely on cortical actin reorganization, as previously thought,
but instead on a cell-cycle-dependent bulk actin polymerization wave traveling
from the animal to the vegetal pole of the embryo. This wave functions in segregation
by both pulling cytoplasm animally and pushing yolk granules vegetally. Cytoplasm
pulling is mediated by bulk actin network flows exerting friction forces on the
cytoplasm, while yolk granule pushing is achieved by a mechanism closely resembling
actin comet formation on yolk granules. This study defines a novel role of bulk
actin polymerization waves in embryo polarization via cytoplasmic segregation.
Lastly, I describe the cytoplasmic reorganizations taking place during zebrafish
oocyte maturation, where the initial segregation of the cytoplasm and yolk granules
occurs. Here, I demonstrate a previously uncharacterized wave of microtubule aster
formation, traveling the oocyte along the animal-vegetal axis. Further research
is required to determine the role of such microtubule structures in cytoplasmic
reorganizations therein.\r\nCollectively, these studies provide further evidence
for the coupling between cell cytoskeleton and cell cycle machinery, which can
underlie a core self-organizing mechanism for orchestrating large-scale reorganizations
in a cell-cycle-tunable manner, where the modulations of the force-generating
machinery and cytoplasmic mechanics can be harbored to fulfill cellular functions."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: PreCl
- _id: Bio
- _id: EM-Fac
acknowledgement: "I would have had no fish and hence no results without our wonderful
fish facility crew, Verena Mayer, Eva Schlegl, Andreas Mlak and Matthias Nowak.
Special thanks to Verena for being always happy to help and dealing with our chaotic
schedules in the lab. Danke auch, Verena, für deine Geduld, mit mir auf Deutsch
zu sprechen. Das hat mir sehr geholfen.\r\nSpecial thanks to the Bioimaging and
EM facilities at IST Austria for supporting us every day. Very special thanks would
go to Robert Hauschild for his continuous support on data analysis and also to Jack
Merrin for designing and building microfabricated chambers for the project and for
the various discussions on making zebrafish extracts."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Shayan
full_name: Shamipour, Shayan
id: 40B34FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shamipour
citation:
ama: Shamipour S. Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish oocytes
. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350
apa: Shamipour, S. (2020). Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish
oocytes . Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350
chicago: Shamipour, Shayan. “Bulk Actin Dynamics Drive Phase Segregation in Zebrafish
Oocytes .” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350.
ieee: S. Shamipour, “Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish oocytes
,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Shamipour S. 2020. Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish
oocytes . Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Shamipour, Shayan. Bulk Actin Dynamics Drive Phase Segregation in Zebrafish
Oocytes . Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350.
short: S. Shamipour, Bulk Actin Dynamics Drive Phase Segregation in Zebrafish Oocytes
, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-09-09T11:12:10Z
date_published: 2020-09-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-11T07:08:52Z
day: '09'
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degree_awarded: PhD
department:
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- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350
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publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '7001'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6508'
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supervisor:
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Björn
full_name: Hof, Björn
id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hof
orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754
title: 'Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish oocytes '
type: dissertation
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...