@article{15165, abstract = {Current knowledge suggests a drought Indian monsoon (perhaps a severe one) when the El Nino Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation each exhibit positive phases (a joint positive phase). For the monsoons, which are exceptions in this regard, we found northeast India often gets excess pre-monsoon rainfall. Further investigation reveals that this excess pre-monsoon rainfall is produced by the interaction of the large-scale circulation associated with the joint phase with the mountains in northeast India. We posit that a warmer troposphere, a consequence of excess rainfall over northeast India, drives a stronger monsoon circulation and enhances monsoon rainfall over central India. Hence, we argue that pre-monsoon rainfall over northeast India can be used for seasonal monsoon rainfall prediction over central India. Most importantly, its predictive value is at its peak when the Pacific Ocean exhibits a joint positive phase and the threat of extreme drought monsoon looms over India.}, author = {Goswami, Bidyut B}, issn = {1944-8007}, journal = {Geophysical Research Letters}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{A pre-monsoon signal of false alarms of Indian monsoon droughts}}, doi = {10.1029/2023GL106569}, volume = {51}, year = {2024}, } @article{15166, abstract = {Reducing defects boosts room-temperature performance of a thermoelectric device}, author = {Navita, Navita and Ibáñez, Maria}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6688}, pages = {1184}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{Electron highways are cooler}}, doi = {10.1126/science.ado4077}, volume = {383}, year = {2024}, } @article{15167, abstract = {We perform a diagrammatic analysis of the energy of a mobile impurity immersed in a strongly interacting two-component Fermi gas to second order in the impurity-bath interaction. These corrections demonstrate divergent behavior in the limit of large impurity momentum. We show the fundamental processes responsible for these logarithmically divergent terms. We study the problem in the general case without any assumptions regarding the fermion-fermion interactions in the bath. We show that the divergent term can be summed up to all orders in the Fermi-Fermi interaction and that the resulting expression is equivalent to the one obtained in the few-body calculation. Finally, we provide a perturbative calculation to the second order in the Fermi-Fermi interaction, and we show the diagrams responsible for these terms.}, author = {Al Hyder, Ragheed and Chevy, F. and Leyronas, X.}, issn = {2469-9934}, journal = {Physical Review A}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Exploring beyond-mean-field logarithmic divergences in Fermi-polaron energy}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.109.033315}, volume = {109}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{15168, abstract = {A linearly ordered (LO) k-colouring of a hypergraph is a colouring of its vertices with colours 1, … , k such that each edge contains a unique maximal colour. Deciding whether an input hypergraph admits LO k-colouring with a fixed number of colours is NP-complete (and in the special case of graphs, LO colouring coincides with the usual graph colouring). Here, we investigate the complexity of approximating the "linearly ordered chromatic number" of a hypergraph. We prove that the following promise problem is NP-complete: Given a 3-uniform hypergraph, distinguish between the case that it is LO 3-colourable, and the case that it is not even LO 4-colourable. We prove this result by a combination of algebraic, topological, and combinatorial methods, building on and extending a topological approach for studying approximate graph colouring introduced by Krokhin, Opršal, Wrochna, and Živný (2023).}, author = {Filakovský, Marek and Nakajima, Tamio Vesa and Opršal, Jakub and Tasinato, Gianluca and Wagner, Uli}, booktitle = {41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science}, isbn = {9783959773119}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Clermont-Ferrand, France}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Hardness of linearly ordered 4-colouring of 3-colourable 3-uniform hypergraphs}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2024.34}, volume = {289}, year = {2024}, } @article{15169, abstract = {Interpretation of extracellular recordings can be challenging due to the long range of electric field. This challenge can be mitigated by estimating the current source density (CSD). Here we introduce kCSD-python, an open Python package implementing Kernel Current Source Density (kCSD) method and related tools to facilitate CSD analysis of experimental data and the interpretation of results. We show how to counter the limitations imposed by noise and assumptions in the method itself. kCSD-python allows CSD estimation for an arbitrary distribution of electrodes in 1D, 2D, and 3D, assuming distributions of sources in tissue, a slice, or in a single cell, and includes a range of diagnostic aids. We demonstrate its features in a Jupyter Notebook tutorial which illustrates a typical analytical workflow and main functionalities useful in validating analysis results.}, author = {Chintaluri, Chaitanya and Bejtka, Marta and Sredniawa, Wladyslaw and Czerwinski, Michal and Dzik, Jakub M. and Jedrzejewska-Szmek, Joanna and Wojciki, Daniel K.}, issn = {1553-7358}, journal = {PLoS Computational Biology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {{kCSD-python, reliable current source density estimation with quality control}}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011941}, volume = {20}, year = {2024}, } @article{15170, abstract = {The James Webb Space Telescope is revealing a new population of dust-reddened broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGN) at redshifts z ≳ 5. Here we present deep NIRSpec/Prism spectroscopy from the Cycle 1 Treasury program Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam ObserVations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) of 15 AGN candidates selected to be compact, with red continua in the rest-frame optical but with blue slopes in the UV. From NIRCam photometry alone, they could have been dominated by dusty star formation or an AGN. Here we show that the majority of the compact red sources in UNCOVER are dust-reddened AGN: 60% show definitive evidence for broad-line Hα with a FWHM > 2000 km s −1, 20% of the current data are inconclusive, and 20% are brown dwarf stars. We propose an updated photometric criterion to select red z > 5 AGN that excludes brown dwarfs and is expected to yield >80% AGN. Remarkably, among all zphot > 5 galaxies with F277W – F444W > 1 in UNCOVER at least 33% are AGN regardless of compactness, climbing to at least 80% AGN for sources with F277W – F444W > 1.6. The confirmed AGN have black hole masses of 107–109M⊙. While their UV luminosities (−16 > MUV > −20 AB mag) are low compared to UV-selected AGN at these epochs, consistent with percent-level scattered AGN light or low levels of unobscured star formation, the inferred bolometric luminosities are typical of 107–109M⊙ black holes radiating at ∼10%–40% the Eddington limit. The number densities are surprisingly high at ∼10−5 Mpc−3 mag−1, 100 times more common than the faintest UV-selected quasars, while accounting for ∼1% of the UV-selected galaxies. While their UV faintness suggests they may not contribute strongly to reionization, their ubiquity poses challenges to models of black hole growth.}, author = {Greene, Jenny E. and Labbe, Ivo and Goulding, Andy D. and Furtak, Lukas J. and Chemerynska, Iryna and Kokorev, Vasily and Dayal, Pratika and Volonteri, Marta and Williams, Christina C. and Wang, Bingjie and Setton, David J. and Burgasser, Adam J. and Bezanson, Rachel and Atek, Hakim and Brammer, Gabriel and Cutler, Sam E. and Feldmann, Robert and Fujimoto, Seiji and Glazebrook, Karl and De Graaff, Anna and Khullar, Gourav and Leja, Joel and Marchesini, Danilo and Maseda, Michael V. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Miller, Tim B. and Naidu, Rohan P. and Nanayakkara, Themiya and Oesch, Pascal A. and Pan, Richard and Papovich, Casey and Price, Sedona H. and Van Dokkum, Pieter and Weaver, John R. and Whitaker, Katherine E. and Zitrin, Adi}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {Astrophysical Journal}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z > 5}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f}, volume = {964}, year = {2024}, } @article{15171, abstract = {The brain’s functionality is developed and maintained through synaptic plasticity. As synapses undergo plasticity, they also affect each other. The nature of such ‘co-dependency’ is difficult to disentangle experimentally, because multiple synapses must be monitored simultaneously. To help understand the experimentally observed phenomena, we introduce a framework that formalizes synaptic co-dependency between different connection types. The resulting model explains how inhibition can gate excitatory plasticity while neighboring excitatory–excitatory interactions determine the strength of long-term potentiation. Furthermore, we show how the interplay between excitatory and inhibitory synapses can account for the quick rise and long-term stability of a variety of synaptic weight profiles, such as orientation tuning and dendritic clustering of co-active synapses. In recurrent neuronal networks, co-dependent plasticity produces rich and stable motor cortex-like dynamics with high input sensitivity. Our results suggest an essential role for the neighborly synaptic interaction during learning, connecting micro-level physiology with network-wide phenomena.}, author = {Agnes, Everton J. and Vogels, Tim P}, issn = {1546-1726}, journal = {Nature Neuroscience}, pages = {964--974}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Co-dependent excitatory and inhibitory plasticity accounts for quick, stable and long-lasting memories in biological networks}}, doi = {10.1038/s41593-024-01597-4}, volume = {27}, year = {2024}, } @article{15172, abstract = {We propose a novel approach to concentration for non-independent random variables. The main idea is to “pretend” that the random variables are independent and pay a multiplicative price measuring how far they are from actually being independent. This price is encapsulated in the Hellinger integral between the joint and the product of the marginals, which is then upper bounded leveraging tensorisation properties. Our bounds represent a natural generalisation of concentration inequalities in the presence of dependence: we recover exactly the classical bounds (McDiarmid’s inequality) when the random variables are independent. Furthermore, in a “large deviations” regime, we obtain the same decay in the probability as for the independent case, even when the random variables display non-trivial dependencies. To show this, we consider a number of applications of interest. First, we provide a bound for Markov chains with finite state space. Then, we consider the Simple Symmetric Random Walk, which is a non-contracting Markov chain, and a non-Markovian setting in which the stochastic process depends on its entire past. To conclude, we propose an application to Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, where our approach leads to an improved lower bound on the minimum burn-in period required to reach a certain accuracy. In all of these settings, we provide a regime of parameters in which our bound fares better than what the state of the art can provide.}, author = {Esposito, Amedeo Roberto and Mondelli, Marco}, issn = {1557-9654}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Information Theory}, number = {6}, pages = {3823--3839}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Concentration without independence via information measures}}, doi = {10.1109/TIT.2024.3367767}, volume = {70}, year = {2024}, } @article{15179, abstract = {The fungal bioluminescence pathway can be reconstituted in other organisms allowing luminescence imaging without exogenously supplied substrate. The pathway starts from hispidin biosynthesis—a step catalyzed by a large fungal polyketide synthase that requires a posttranslational modification for activity. Here, we report identification of alternative compact hispidin synthases encoded by a phylogenetically diverse group of plants. A hybrid bioluminescence pathway that combines plant and fungal genes is more compact, not dependent on availability of machinery for posttranslational modifications, and confers autonomous bioluminescence in yeast, mammalian, and plant hosts. The compact size of plant hispidin synthases enables additional modes of delivery of autoluminescence, such as delivery with viral vectors.}, author = {Palkina, Kseniia A. and Karataeva, Tatiana A. and Perfilov, Maxim M. and Fakhranurova, Liliia I. and Markina, Nadezhda M. and Gonzalez Somermeyer, Louisa and Garcia-Perez, Elena and Vazquez-Vilar, Marta and Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Marta and Vazquez-Vilriales, Victor and Shakhova, Ekaterina S. and Mitiouchkina, Tatiana and Belozerova, Olga A. and Kovalchuk, Sergey I. and Alekberova, Anna and Malyshevskaia, Alena K. and Bugaeva, Evgenia N. and Guglya, Elena B. and Balakireva, Anastasia and Sytov, Nikita and Bezlikhotnova, Anastasia and Boldyreva, Daria I. and Babenko, Vladislav V. and Kondrashov, Fyodor and Choob, Vladimir V. and Orzaez, Diego and Yampolsky, Ilia V. and Mishin, Alexander S. and Sarkisyan, Karen S.}, issn = {2375-2548}, journal = {Science Advances}, number = {10}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{A hybrid pathway for self-sustained luminescence}}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adk1992}, volume = {10}, year = {2024}, } @article{15180, abstract = {Characterizing the prevalence and properties of faint active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the early Universe is key for understanding the formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and determining their role in cosmic reionization. We perform a spectroscopic search for broad Hα emitters at z ≈ 4–6 using deep JWST/NIRCam imaging and wide field slitless spectroscopy from the EIGER and FRESCO surveys. We identify 20 Hα lines at z = 4.2–5.5 that have broad components with line widths from ∼1200–3700 km s−1, contributing ∼30%–90% of the total line flux. We interpret these broad components as being powered by accretion onto SMBHs with implied masses ∼107–8M⊙. In the UV luminosity range MUV,AGN+host = −21 to −18, we measure number densities of ≈10−5 cMpc−3. This is an order of magnitude higher than expected from extrapolating quasar UV luminosity functions (LFs). Yet, such AGN are found in only <1% of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 5. The number density discrepancy is much lower when compared to the broad Hα LF. The SMBH mass function agrees with large cosmological simulations. In two objects, we detect complex Hα profiles that we tentatively interpret as caused by absorption signatures from dense gas fueling SMBH growth and outflows. We may be witnessing early AGN feedback that will clear dust-free pathways through which more massive blue quasars are seen. We uncover a strong correlation between reddening and the fraction of total galaxy luminosity arising from faint AGN. This implies that early SMBH growth is highly obscured and that faint AGN are only minor contributors to cosmic reionization.}, author = {Matthee, Jorryt J and Naidu, Rohan P. and Brammer, Gabriel and Chisholm, John and Eilers, Anna-Christina and Goulding, Andy and Greene, Jenny and Kashino, Daichi and Labbe, Ivo and Lilly, Simon J. and Mackenzie, Ruari and Oesch, Pascal A. and Weibel, Andrea and Wuyts, Stijn and Xiao, Mengyuan and Bordoloi, Rongmon and Bouwens, Rychard and van Dokkum, Pieter and Illingworth, Garth and Kramarenko, Ivan and Maseda, Michael V. and Mason, Charlotte and Meyer, Romain A. and Nelson, Erica J. and Reddy, Naveen A. and Shivaei, Irene and Simcoe, Robert A. and Yue, Minghao}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Astronomical Society}, title = {{Little Red Dots: An abundant population of faint active galactic nuclei at z ∼ 5 revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST surveys}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345}, volume = {963}, year = {2024}, } @article{15181, abstract = {We demonstrate the failure of the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer approximation to describe the ground state of a quantum impurity within an ultracold Fermi gas despite substantial mass differences between the bath and impurity species. Increasing repulsion leads to the appearance of nonadiabatic couplings between the fast bath and slow impurity degrees of freedom, which reduce the parity symmetry of the latter according to the pseudo Jahn-Teller effect. The presence of this mechanism is associated to a conical intersection involving the impurity position and the inverse of the interaction strength, which acts as a synthetic dimension. We elucidate the presence of these effects via a detailed ground-state analysis involving the comparison of ab initio fully correlated simulations with effective models. Our study suggests ultracold atomic ensembles as potent emulators of complex molecular phenomena.}, author = {Becker, A. and Koutentakis, Georgios and Schmelcher, P.}, issn = {2643-1564}, journal = {Physical Review Research}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Synthetic dimension-induced pseudo Jahn-Teller effect in one-dimensional confined fermions}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013257}, volume = {6}, year = {2024}, } @article{15186, abstract = {The elimination of rain evaporation in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) has been found to lead to convective self‐aggregation (CSA) even without radiative feedback, but the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. We conducted cloud‐resolving simulations with two domain sizes and progressively reduced rain evaporation in the PBL. Surprisingly, CSA only occurred when rain evaporation was almost completely removed. The additional convective heating resulting from the reduction of evaporative cooling in the moist patch was found to be the trigger, thereafter a dry subsidence intrusion into the PBL in the dry patch takes over and sets CSA in motion. Temperature and moisture anomalies oppose each other in their buoyancy effects, hence explaining the need for almost total rain evaporation removal. We also found radiative cooling and not cold pools to be the leading cause for the comparative ease of CSA to take place in the larger domain.}, author = {Hwong, Yi-Ling and Muller, Caroline J}, issn = {1944-8007}, journal = {Geophysical Research Letters}, keywords = {General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Geophysics}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{The unreasonable efficiency of total rain evaporation removal in triggering convective self‐aggregation}}, doi = {10.1029/2023gl106523}, volume = {51}, year = {2024}, } @article{15189, abstract = {Cataclysmic variables (CVs) that have evolved past the period minimum during their lifetimes are predicted to be systems with a brown dwarf donor. While population synthesis models predict that around 40–70 per cent of the Galactic CVs are post-period minimum systems referred to as ‘period bouncers’, only a few dozen confirmed systems are known. We report the study and characterization of a new eclipsing CV, SRGeJ041130.3+685350 (SRGeJ0411), discovered from a joint SRG/eROSITA and ZTF programme. The optical spectrum of SRGeJ0411 shows prominent hydrogen and helium emission lines, typical for CVs. We obtained optical high-speed photometry to confirm the eclipse of SRGeJ0411 and determine the orbital period to be Porb ≈ 97.530 min. The spectral energy distribution suggests that the donor has an effective temperature of ≲ 1800 K. We constrain the donor mass with the period–density relationship for Roche lobe-filling stars and find that Mdonor ≲ 0.04 M⊙. The binary parameters are consistent with evolutionary models for post-period minimum CVs, suggesting that SRGeJ0411 is a new period bouncer. The optical emission lines of SRGeJ0411 are single-peaked despite the system being eclipsing, which is typically only seen due to stream-fed accretion in polars. X-ray spectroscopy hints that the white dwarf in SRGeJ0411 could be magnetic, but verifying the magnetic nature of SRGeJ0411 requires further investigation. The lack of optical outbursts has made SRGeJ0411 elusive in previous surveys, and joint X-ray and optical surveys highlight the potential for discovering similar systems in the near future.}, author = {Galiullin, Ilkham and Rodriguez, Antonio C and Kulkarni, Shrinivas R and Sunyaev, Rashid and Gilfanov, Marat and Bikmaev, Ilfan and Yungelson, Lev and van Roestel, Jan and Gänsicke, Boris T and Khamitov, Irek and Szkody, Paula and El-Badry, Kareem and Suslikov, Mikhail and Prince, Thomas A and Buntov, Mikhail and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Gorbachev, Mark and Graham, Matthew J and Gumerov, Rustam and Irtuganov, Eldar and Laher, Russ R and Medvedev, Pavel and Riddle, Reed and Rusholme, Ben and Sakhibullin, Nail and Sklyanov, Alexander and Vanderbosch, Zachary P}, issn = {1365-2966}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics}, number = {1}, pages = {676--692}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{A joint SRG/eROSITA + ZTF search: Discovery of a 97-min period eclipsing cataclysmic variable with evidence of a brown dwarf secondary}}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stae012}, volume = {528}, year = {2024}, } @article{15191, abstract = {Despite their shared origin, members of globular clusters display star-to-star variations in composition. The observed pattern of element abundances is unique to these stellar environments and cannot be fully explained by any proposed mechanism. It remains unclear whether stars form with chemical heterogeneity or inherit it from interactions with other members. These scenarios may be differentiated by the dependence of chemical spread on stellar mass; however, obtaining a sufficiently large mass baseline requires abundance measurements on the lower main sequence, which is too faint for spectroscopy even in the nearest globular clusters. We developed a stellar modeling method to obtain precise chemical abundances for stars near the end of the main sequence from multiband photometry, and we applied it to the globular cluster 47 Tucanae. The computational efficiency is attained by matching chemical elements to the model components that are most sensitive to their abundance. We determined [O/Fe] for ∼5000 members below the main-sequence knee at the level of accuracy, comparable to the spectroscopic measurements of evolved members in the literature. The inferred distribution disfavors stellar interactions as the origin of chemical spread; however, an accurate theory of accretion is required to draw a more definitive conclusion. We anticipate that future observations of 47 Tucanae with the James Webb Space Telescope will extend the mass baseline of our analysis into the substellar regime. Therefore, we present predicted color–magnitude diagrams and mass–magnitude relations for the brown dwarf members of 47 Tucanae.}, author = {Gerasimov, Roman and Burgasser, Adam J. and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Homeier, Derek and Richer, Harvey B. and Correnti, Matteo and Heyl, Jeremy}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Astronomical Society}, title = {{Exploring the chemistry and mass function of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae with new theoretical color–magnitude diagrams}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ad08bf}, volume = {961}, year = {2024}, } @article{15247, abstract = {Extending the notion of sunflowers, we call a family of at least two sets an odd-sunflower if every element of the underlying set is contained in an odd number of sets or in none of them. It follows from the Erdős–Szemerédi conjecture, recently proved by Naslund and Sawin, that there is a constant <2 such that every family of subsets of an n-element set that contains no odd-sunflower consists of at most n sets. We construct such families of size at least 1.5021n. We also characterize minimal odd-sunflowers of triples.}, author = {Frankl, Peter and Pach, János and Pálvölgyi, Dömötör}, issn = {1096-0899}, journal = {Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A}, number = {8}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Odd-sunflowers}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcta.2024.105889}, volume = {206}, year = {2024}, } @article{15248, abstract = {Applying the technique of p-adic integration, we prove the topological mirror symmetry conjecture of Hausel-Thaddeus for the moduli spaces of (strongly) parabolic Higgs bundles for the structure groups SLn and PGLn, building on previous work of Groechenig-Wyss-Ziegler on the non-parabolic case. We also prove the E-polynomial of the smooth moduli space of parabolic GLn-Higgs bundles is independent of the degree of the underlying vector bundles.}, author = {Shen, Shiyu}, issn = {1090-2082}, journal = {Advances in Mathematics}, number = {5}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Mirror symmetry for parabolic Higgs bundles via p-adic integration}}, doi = {10.1016/j.aim.2024.109616}, volume = {443}, year = {2024}, } @article{15249, abstract = {Observationally mapping the relation between galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM) is of key interest for studies of cosmic reionization. Diffuse hydrogen gas has typically been observed in H I Lyman-α (Lyα) absorption in the spectra of bright background quasars. However, it is important to extend these measurements to background galaxies as quasars become increasingly rare at high redshift and rarely probe closely separated sight lines. Here, we use deep integral field spectroscopy in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field to demonstrate the measurement of the Lyα transmission at z ≈ 4 in absorption to a background galaxy at z = 4.77. The H I transmission is consistent with independent quasar sight lines at similar redshifts. Exploiting the high number of spectroscopic redshifts of faint galaxies (500 between z = 4.0–4.7 within a radius of 8 arcmin) that are tracers of the density field, we show that Lyα transmission is inversely correlated with galaxy density, i.e. transparent regions in the Lyα forest mark underdense regions at z ≈ 4. Due to large-scale clustering, galaxies are surrounded by excess H I absorption over the cosmic mean out to 4 cMpc/h70. We also find that redshifts from the peak of the Lyα line are typically offset from the systemic redshift by +170 km s−1. This work extends results from z ≈ 2–3 to higher redshifts and demonstrates the power of deep integral field spectroscopy to simultaneously measure the ionization structure of the IGM and the large-scale density field in the early Universe.}, author = {Matthee, Jorryt J and Golling, Christopher and Mackenzie, Ruari and Pezzulli, Gabriele and Lilly, Simon and Schaye, Joop and Bacon, Roland and Kusakabe, Haruka and Urrutia, Tanya and Boogaard, Leindert and Brinchmann, Jarle and Maseda, Michael V. and Garel, Thibault and Bouché, Nicolas F. and Wisotzki, Lutz}, issn = {1365-2966}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {3}, pages = {2794--2806}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field}}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stae673}, volume = {529}, year = {2024}, } @article{15250, abstract = {Orphan solute carrier (SLC) represents a group of membrane transporters whose exact functions and substrate specificities are not known. Elucidating the function and regulation of orphan SLC transporters is not only crucial for advancing our knowledge of cellular and molecular biology but can potentially lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we provide evidence for the biological function of a ubiquitous orphan lysosomal SLC, the Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain-containing Protein 1 (MFSD1), which has remained phylogenetically unassigned. Targeted metabolomics revealed that dipeptides containing either lysine or arginine residues accumulate in lysosomes of cells lacking MFSD1. Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings of HEK293-cells expressing MFSD1 on the cell surface displayed transport affinities for positively charged dipeptides in the lower mM range, while dipeptides that carry a negative net charge were not transported. This was also true for single amino acids and tripeptides, which MFSD1 failed to transport. Our results identify MFSD1 as a highly selective lysosomal lysine/arginine/histidine-containing dipeptide exporter, which functions as a uniporter.}, author = {Boytsov, Danila and Madej, Gregor M. and Horn, Georg and Blaha, Nadine and Köcher, Thomas and Sitte, Harald H. and Siekhaus, Daria E and Ziegler, Christine and Sandtner, Walter and Roblek, Marko}, issn = {1091-6490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {13}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Orphan lysosomal solute carrier MFSD1 facilitates highly selective dipeptide transport}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2319686121}, volume = {121}, year = {2024}, } @article{15251, abstract = {Brassinosteroids are steroidal phytohormones that regulate plant development and physiology, including adaptation to environmental stresses. Brassinosteroids are synthesized in the cell interior but bind receptors at the cell surface, necessitating a yet to be identified export mechanism. Here, we show that a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily, ABCB19, functions as a brassinosteroid exporter. We present its structure in both the substrate-unbound and the brassinosteroid-bound states. Bioactive brassinosteroids are potent activators of ABCB19 ATP hydrolysis activity, and transport assays showed that ABCB19 transports brassinosteroids. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ABCB19 and its close homolog, ABCB1, positively regulate brassinosteroid responses. Our results uncover an elusive export mechanism for bioactive brassinosteroids that is tightly coordinated with brassinosteroid signaling.}, author = {Ying, Wei and Wang, Yaowei and Wei, Hong and Luo, Yongming and Ma, Qian and Zhu, Heyuan and Janssens, Hilde and Vukašinović, Nemanja and Kvasnica, Miroslav and Winne, Johan M. and Gao, Yongxiang and Tan, Shutang and Friml, Jiří and Liu, Xin and Russinova, Eugenia and Sun, Linfeng}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6689}, pages = {eadj4591}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{Structure and function of the Arabidopsis ABC transporter ABCB19 in brassinosteroid export}}, doi = {10.1126/science.adj4591}, volume = {383}, year = {2024}, } @article{15252, abstract = {A measurable map between measure spaces is shown to have bounded compression if and only if its image via the measure-algebra functor is Lipschitz-continuous w.r.t. the measure-algebra distances. This provides a natural interpretation of maps of bounded compression/deformation by means of the measure-algebra functor and corrobo-rates the assertion that maps of bounded deformation are a natural class of morphisms for the category of complete and separable metric measure spaces.}, author = {Dello Schiavo, Lorenzo}, issn = {1848-8013}, journal = {Mathematical Communications}, number = {1}, pages = {137--142}, publisher = {Udruga Matematicara Osijek}, title = {{A characterization of maps of bounded compression}}, volume = {29}, year = {2024}, }