@inproceedings{15006, abstract = {Graphical games are a useful framework for modeling the interactions of (selfish) agents who are connected via an underlying topology and whose behaviors influence each other. They have wide applications ranging from computer science to economics and biology. Yet, even though an agent’s payoff only depends on the actions of their direct neighbors in graphical games, computing the Nash equilibria and making statements about the convergence time of "natural" local dynamics in particular can be highly challenging. In this work, we present a novel approach for classifying complexity of Nash equilibria in graphical games by establishing a connection to local graph algorithms, a subfield of distributed computing. In particular, we make the observation that the equilibria of graphical games are equivalent to locally verifiable labelings (LVL) in graphs; vertex labelings which are verifiable with constant-round local algorithms. This connection allows us to derive novel lower bounds on the convergence time to equilibrium of best-response dynamics in graphical games. Since we establish that distributed convergence can sometimes be provably slow, we also introduce and give bounds on an intuitive notion of "time-constrained" inefficiency of best responses. We exemplify how our results can be used in the implementation of mechanisms that ensure convergence of best responses to a Nash equilibrium. Our results thus also give insight into the convergence of strategy-proof algorithms for graphical games, which is still not well understood.}, author = {Hirvonen, Juho and Schmid, Laura and Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Schmid, Stefan}, booktitle = {27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems}, isbn = {9783959773089}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Tokyo, Japan}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{On the convergence time in graphical games: A locality-sensitive approach}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.11}, volume = {286}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{15007, abstract = {Traditional blockchains grant the miner of a block full control not only over which transactions but also their order. This constitutes a major flaw discovered with the introduction of decentralized finance and allows miners to perform MEV attacks. In this paper, we address the issue of sandwich attacks by providing a construction that takes as input a blockchain protocol and outputs a new blockchain protocol with the same security but in which sandwich attacks are not profitable. Furthermore, our protocol is fully decentralized with no trusted third parties or heavy cryptography primitives and carries a linear increase in latency and minimum computation overhead.}, author = {Alpos, Orestis and Amores-Sesar, Ignacio and Cachin, Christian and Yeo, Michelle X}, booktitle = {27th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems}, isbn = {9783959773089}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Tokyo, Japan}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Eating sandwiches: Modular and lightweight elimination of transaction reordering attacks}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2023.12}, volume = {286}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{15008, abstract = {Oblivious routing is a well-studied paradigm that uses static precomputed routing tables for selecting routing paths within a network. Existing oblivious routing schemes with polylogarithmic competitive ratio for general networks are tree-based, in the sense that routing is performed according to a convex combination of trees. However, this restriction to trees leads to a construction that has time quadratic in the size of the network and does not parallelize well. In this paper we study oblivious routing schemes based on electrical routing. In particular, we show that general networks with n vertices and m edges admit a routing scheme that has competitive ratio O(log² n) and consists of a convex combination of only O(√m) electrical routings. This immediately leads to an improved construction algorithm with time Õ(m^{3/2}) that can also be implemented in parallel with Õ(√m) depth.}, author = {Goranci, Gramoz and Henzinger, Monika H and Räcke, Harald and Sachdeva, Sushant and Sricharan, A. R.}, booktitle = {15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference}, isbn = {9783959773096}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Berkeley, CA, United States}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Electrical flows for polylogarithmic competitive oblivious routing}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.55}, volume = {287}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{15011, abstract = {Pruning large language models (LLMs) from the BERT family has emerged as a standard compression benchmark, and several pruning methods have been proposed for this task. The recent “Sparsity May Cry” (SMC) benchmark put into question the validity of all existing methods, exhibiting a more complex setup where many known pruning methods appear to fail. We revisit the question of accurate BERT-pruning during fine-tuning on downstream datasets, and propose a set of general guidelines for successful pruning, even on the challenging SMC benchmark. First, we perform a cost-vs-benefits analysis of pruning model components, such as the embeddings and the classification head; second, we provide a simple-yet-general way of scaling training, sparsification and learning rate schedules relative to the desired target sparsity; finally, we investigate the importance of proper parametrization for Knowledge Distillation in the context of LLMs. Our simple insights lead to state-of-the-art results, both on classic BERT-pruning benchmarks, as well as on the SMC benchmark, showing that even classic gradual magnitude pruning (GMP) can yield competitive results, with the right approach.}, author = {Kurtic, Eldar and Hoefler, Torsten and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Machine Learning Research}, issn = {2640-3498}, location = {Hongkong, China}, pages = {542--553}, publisher = {ML Research Press}, title = {{How to prune your language model: Recovering accuracy on the "Sparsity May Cry" benchmark}}, volume = {234}, year = {2024}, } @article{15018, abstract = {The epitaxial growth of a strained Ge layer, which is a promising candidate for the channel material of a hole spin qubit, has been demonstrated on 300 mm Si wafers using commercially available Si0.3Ge0.7 strain relaxed buffer (SRB) layers. The assessment of the layer and the interface qualities for a buried strained Ge layer embedded in Si0.3Ge0.7 layers is reported. The XRD reciprocal space mapping confirmed that the reduction of the growth temperature enables the 2-dimensional growth of the Ge layer fully strained with respect to the Si0.3Ge0.7. Nevertheless, dislocations at the top and/or bottom interface of the Ge layer were observed by means of electron channeling contrast imaging, suggesting the importance of the careful dislocation assessment. The interface abruptness does not depend on the selection of the precursor gases, but it is strongly influenced by the growth temperature which affects the coverage of the surface H-passivation. The mobility of 2.7 × 105 cm2/Vs is promising, while the low percolation density of 3 × 1010 /cm2 measured with a Hall-bar device at 7 K illustrates the high quality of the heterostructure thanks to the high Si0.3Ge0.7 SRB quality.}, author = {Shimura, Yosuke and Godfrin, Clement and Hikavyy, Andriy and Li, Roy and Aguilera Servin, Juan L and Katsaros, Georgios and Favia, Paola and Han, Han and Wan, Danny and de Greve, Kristiaan and Loo, Roger}, issn = {1369-8001}, journal = {Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing}, keywords = {Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}, number = {5}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Compressively strained epitaxial Ge layers for quantum computing applications}}, doi = {10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108231}, volume = {174}, year = {2024}, } @article{15024, abstract = {Electrostatic correlations between ions dissolved in water are known to impact their transport properties in numerous ways, from conductivity to ion selectivity. The effects of these correlations on the solvent itself remain, however, much less clear. In particular, the addition of salt has been consistently reported to affect the solution’s viscosity, but most modeling attempts fail to reproduce experimental data even at moderate salt concentrations. Here, we use an approach based on stochastic density functional theory, which accurately captures charge fluctuations and correlations. We derive a simple analytical expression for the viscosity correction in concentrated electrolytes, by directly linking it to the liquid’s structure factor. Our prediction compares quantitatively to experimental data at all temperatures and all salt concentrations up to the saturation limit. This universal link between the microscopic structure and viscosity allows us to shed light on the nanoscale dynamics of water and ions under highly concentrated and correlated conditions.}, author = {Robin, Paul}, issn = {1089-7690}, journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics}, number = {6}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, title = {{Correlation-induced viscous dissipation in concentrated electrolytes}}, doi = {10.1063/5.0188215}, volume = {160}, year = {2024}, } @article{15025, abstract = {We consider quadratic forms of deterministic matrices A evaluated at the random eigenvectors of a large N×N GOE or GUE matrix, or equivalently evaluated at the columns of a Haar-orthogonal or Haar-unitary random matrix. We prove that, as long as the deterministic matrix has rank much smaller than √N, the distributions of the extrema of these quadratic forms are asymptotically the same as if the eigenvectors were independent Gaussians. This reduces the problem to Gaussian computations, which we carry out in several cases to illustrate our result, finding Gumbel or Weibull limiting distributions depending on the signature of A. Our result also naturally applies to the eigenvectors of any invariant ensemble.}, author = {Erdös, László and McKenna, Benjamin}, issn = {1050-5164}, journal = {Annals of Applied Probability}, number = {1B}, pages = {1623--1662}, publisher = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics}, title = {{Extremal statistics of quadratic forms of GOE/GUE eigenvectors}}, doi = {10.1214/23-AAP2000}, volume = {34}, year = {2024}, } @article{15045, abstract = {Coupling of orbital motion to a spin degree of freedom gives rise to various transport phenomena in quantum systems that are beyond the standard paradigms of classical physics. Here, we discuss features of spin-orbit dynamics that can be visualized using a classical model with two coupled angular degrees of freedom. Specifically, we demonstrate classical ‘spin’ filtering through our model and show that the interplay between angular degrees of freedom and dissipation can lead to asymmetric ‘spin’ transport.}, author = {Varshney, Atul and Ghazaryan, Areg and Volosniev, Artem}, issn = {1432-5411}, journal = {Few-Body Systems}, keywords = {Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Classical ‘spin’ filtering with two degrees of freedom and dissipation}}, doi = {10.1007/s00601-024-01880-x}, volume = {65}, year = {2024}, } @article{15047, abstract = {Tropical precipitation extremes and their changes with surface warming are investigated using global storm resolving simulations and high-resolution observations. The simulations demonstrate that the mesoscale organization of convection, a process that cannot be physically represented by conventional global climate models, is important for the variations of tropical daily accumulated precipitation extremes. In both the simulations and observations, daily precipitation extremes increase in a more organized state, in association with larger, but less frequent, storms. Repeating the simulations for a warmer climate results in a robust increase in monthly-mean daily precipitation extremes. Higher precipitation percentiles have a greater sensitivity to convective organization, which is predicted to increase with warming. Without changes in organization, the strongest daily precipitation extremes over the tropical oceans increase at a rate close to Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) scaling. Thus, in a future warmer state with increased organization, the strongest daily precipitation extremes over oceans increase at a faster rate than CC scaling.}, author = {Bao, Jiawei and Stevens, Bjorn and Kluft, Lukas and Muller, Caroline J}, issn = {2375-2548}, journal = {Science Advances}, number = {8}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{Intensification of daily tropical precipitation extremes from more organized convection}}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adj6801}, volume = {10}, year = {2024}, } @article{15048, abstract = {Embryogenesis results from the coordinated activities of different signaling pathways controlling cell fate specification and morphogenesis. In vertebrate gastrulation, both Nodal and BMP signaling play key roles in germ layer specification and morphogenesis, yet their interplay to coordinate embryo patterning with morphogenesis is still insufficiently understood. Here, we took a reductionist approach using zebrafish embryonic explants to study the coordination of Nodal and BMP signaling for embryo patterning and morphogenesis. We show that Nodal signaling triggers explant elongation by inducing mesendodermal progenitors but also suppressing BMP signaling activity at the site of mesendoderm induction. Consistent with this, ectopic BMP signaling in the mesendoderm blocks cell alignment and oriented mesendoderm intercalations, key processes during explant elongation. Translating these ex vivo observations to the intact embryo showed that, similar to explants, Nodal signaling suppresses the effect of BMP signaling on cell intercalations in the dorsal domain, thus allowing robust embryonic axis elongation. These findings suggest a dual function of Nodal signaling in embryonic axis elongation by both inducing mesendoderm and suppressing BMP effects in the dorsal portion of the mesendoderm.}, author = {Schauer, Alexandra and Pranjic-Ferscha, Kornelija and Hauschild, Robert and Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J}, issn = {1477-9129}, journal = {Development}, number = {4}, pages = {1--18}, publisher = {The Company of Biologists}, title = {{Robust axis elongation by Nodal-dependent restriction of BMP signaling}}, doi = {10.1242/dev.202316}, volume = {151}, year = {2024}, } @article{15052, abstract = {Substrate induces mechanical strain on perovskite devices, which can result in alterations to its lattice dynamics and thermal transport. Herein, we have performed a theoretical investigation on the anharmonic lattice dynamics and thermal property of perovskite Rb2SnBr6 and Cs2SnBr6 under strains using perturbation theory up to the fourth-order terms and the unified thermal transport theory. We demonstrate a pronounced hardening of low-frequency optical phonons as temperature increases, indicating strong lattice anharmonicity and the necessity of adopting temperature-dependent interatomic force constants in the lattice thermal conductivity ( κL) calculations. It is found that the low-lying optical phonon modes of Rb2SnBr6 are extremely soft and their phonon energies are almost strain independent, which ultimately lead to a lower κL and a weaker strain dependence than Cs2SnBr6. We further reveal that the strain dependence of these phonon modes in the A2XB6-type perovskites weakens as their ibrational frequency decreases. This study deepens the understanding of lattice thermal transport in perovskites A2XB6 and provides a perspective on the selection of materials that meet the expected thermal behaviors in practical applications.}, author = {Cheng, Ruihuan and Zeng, Zezhu and Wang, Chen and Ouyang, Niuchang and Chen, Yue}, issn = {2469-9969}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Impact of strain-insensitive low-frequency phonon modes on lattice thermal transport in AxXB6-type perovskites}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevb.109.054305}, volume = {109}, year = {2024}, } @article{15053, abstract = {Atom-based quantum simulators have had many successes in tackling challenging quantum many-body problems, owing to the precise and dynamical control that they provide over the systems' parameters. They are, however, often optimized to address a specific type of problem. Here, we present the design and implementation of a 6Li-based quantum gas platform that provides wide-ranging capabilities and is able to address a variety of quantum many-body problems. Our two-chamber architecture relies on a robust combination of gray molasses and optical transport from a laser-cooling chamber to a glass cell with excellent optical access. There, we first create unitary Fermi superfluids in a three-dimensional axially symmetric harmonic trap and characterize them using in situ thermometry, reaching temperatures below 20 nK. This allows us to enter the deep superfluid regime with samples of extreme diluteness, where the interparticle spacing is sufficiently large for direct single-atom imaging. Second, we generate optical lattice potentials with triangular and honeycomb geometry in which we study diffraction of molecular Bose-Einstein condensates, and show how going beyond the Kapitza-Dirac regime allows us to unambiguously distinguish between the two geometries. With the ability to probe quantum many-body physics in both discrete and continuous space, and its suitability for bulk and single-atom imaging, our setup represents an important step towards achieving a wide-scope quantum simulator.}, author = {Jin, Shuwei and Dai, Kunlun and Verstraten, Joris and Dixmerias, Maxime and Al Hyder, Ragheed and Salomon, Christophe and Peaudecerf, Bruno and de Jongh, Tim and Yefsah, Tarik}, issn = {2643-1564}, journal = {Physical Review Research}, keywords = {General Physics and Astronomy}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Multipurpose platform for analog quantum simulation}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013158}, volume = {6}, year = {2024}, } @article{15097, abstract = {Global storm-resolving models (GSRMs) use strongly refined horizontal grids compared with the climate models typically used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) but employ comparable vertical grid spacings. Here, we study how changes in the vertical grid spacing and adjustments to the integration time step affect the basic climate quantities simulated by the ICON-Sapphire atmospheric GSRM. Simulations are performed over a 45 d period for five different vertical grids with between 55 and 540 vertical layers and maximum tropospheric vertical grid spacings of between 800 and 50 m, respectively. The effects of changes in the vertical grid spacing are compared with the effects of reducing the horizontal grid spacing from 5 to 2.5 km. For most of the quantities considered, halving the vertical grid spacing has a smaller effect than halving the horizontal grid spacing, but it is not negligible. Each halving of the vertical grid spacing, along with the necessary reductions in time step length, increases cloud liquid water by about 7 %, compared with an approximate 16 % decrease for halving the horizontal grid spacing. The effect is due to both the vertical grid refinement and the time step reduction. There is no tendency toward convergence in the range of grid spacings tested here. The cloud ice amount also increases with a refinement in the vertical grid, but it is hardly affected by the time step length and does show a tendency to converge. While the effect on shortwave radiation is globally dominated by the altered reflection due to the change in the cloud liquid water content, the effect on longwave radiation is more difficult to interpret because changes in the cloud ice concentration and cloud fraction are anticorrelated in some regions. The simulations show that using a maximum tropospheric vertical grid spacing larger than 400 m would increase the truncation error strongly. Computing time investments in a further vertical grid refinement can affect the truncation errors of GSRMs similarly to comparable investments in horizontal refinement, because halving the vertical grid spacing is generally cheaper than halving the horizontal grid spacing. However, convergence of boundary layer cloud properties cannot be expected, even for the smallest maximum tropospheric grid spacing of 50 m used in this study.}, author = {Schmidt, Hauke and Rast, Sebastian and Bao, Jiawei and Cassim, Amrit and Fang, Shih Wei and Jimenez-De La Cuesta, Diego and Keil, Paul and Kluft, Lukas and Kroll, Clarissa and Lang, Theresa and Niemeier, Ulrike and Schneidereit, Andrea and Williams, Andrew I.L. and Stevens, Bjorn}, issn = {1991-9603}, journal = {Geoscientific Model Development}, number = {4}, pages = {1563--1584}, publisher = {European Geosciences Union}, title = {{Effects of vertical grid spacing on the climate simulated in the ICON-Sapphire global storm-resolving model}}, doi = {10.5194/gmd-17-1563-2024}, volume = {17}, year = {2024}, } @article{15098, abstract = {The paper is devoted to the analysis of the global well-posedness and the interior regularity of the 2D Navier–Stokes equations with inhomogeneous stochastic boundary conditions. The noise, white in time and coloured in space, can be interpreted as the physical law describing the driving mechanism on the atmosphere–ocean interface, i.e. as a balance of the shear stress of the ocean and the horizontal wind force.}, author = {Agresti, Antonio and Luongo, Eliseo}, issn = {1432-1807}, journal = {Mathematische Annalen}, pages = {2727--2766}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Global well-posedness and interior regularity of 2D Navier-Stokes equations with stochastic boundary conditions}}, doi = {10.1007/s00208-024-02812-0}, volume = {390}, year = {2024}, } @article{15099, abstract = {Speciation is a key evolutionary process that is not yet fully understood. Combining population genomic and ecological data from multiple diverging pairs of marine snails (Littorina) supports the search for speciation mechanisms. Placing pairs on a one-dimensional speciation continuum, from undifferentiated populations to species, obscured the complexity of speciation. Adding multiple axes helped to describe either speciation routes or reproductive isolation in the snails. Divergent ecological selection repeatedly generated barriers between ecotypes, but appeared less important in completing speciation while genetic incompatibilities played a key role. Chromosomal inversions contributed to genomic barriers, but with variable impact. A multidimensional (hypercube) approach supported framing of questions and identification of knowledge gaps and can be useful to understand speciation in many other systems.}, author = {Johannesson, Kerstin and Faria, Rui and Le Moan, Alan and Rafajlović, Marina and Westram, Anja M and Butlin, Roger K. and Stankowski, Sean}, issn = {1362-4555}, journal = {Trends in Genetics}, number = {4}, pages = {337--351}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Diverse pathways to speciation revealed by marine snails}}, doi = {10.1016/j.tig.2024.01.002}, volume = {40}, year = {2024}, } @misc{15108, abstract = {in the research article "Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas" (by Valentin Hübner, Manuel Staab, Christian Hilbe, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Maria Kleshnina). We used different implementations for the case of two and three players, both described below.}, author = {Hübner, Valentin and Kleshnina, Maria}, publisher = {Zenodo}, title = {{Computer code for "Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas"}}, doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.10639167}, year = {2024}, } @article{15114, abstract = {As a key liquid organic hydrogen carrier, investigating the decomposition of formic acid (HCOOH) on the Pd (1 1 1) transition metal surface is imperative for harnessing hydrogen energy. Despite a multitude of studies, the major mechanisms and key intermediates involved in the dehydrogenation process of formic acid remain a great topic of debate due to ambiguous adsorbate interactions. In this research, we develop an advanced microkinetic model based on first-principles calculations, accounting for adsorbate–adsorbate interactions. Our study unveils a comprehensive mechanism for the Pd (1 1 1) surface, highlighting the significance of coverage effects in formic acid dehydrogenation. Our findings unequivocally demonstrate that H coverage on the Pd (1 1 1) surface renders formic acid more susceptible to decompose into H2 and CO2 through COOH intermediates. Consistent with experimental results, the selectivity of H2 in the decomposition of formic acid on the Pd (1 1 1) surface approaches 100 %. Considering the influence of H coverage, our kinetic analysis aligns perfectly with experimental values at a temperature of 373 K.}, author = {Yao, Zihao and Liu, Xu and Bunting, Rhys and Wang, Jianguo}, issn = {0009-2509}, journal = {Chemical Engineering Science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Unravelling the reaction mechanism for H2 production via formic acid decomposition over Pd: Coverage-dependent microkinetic modeling}}, doi = {10.1016/j.ces.2024.119959}, volume = {291}, year = {2024}, } @article{15116, abstract = {Water is known to play an important role in collagen self-assembly, but it is still largely unclear how water–collagen interactions influence the assembly process and determine the fibril network properties. Here, we use the H2O/D2O isotope effect on the hydrogen-bond strength in water to investigate the role of hydration in collagen self-assembly. We dissolve collagen in H2O and D2O and compare the growth kinetics and the structure of the collagen assemblies formed in these water isotopomers. Surprisingly, collagen assembly occurs ten times faster in D2O than in H2O, and collagen in D2O self-assembles into much thinner fibrils, that form a more inhomogeneous and softer network, with a fourfold reduction in elastic modulus when compared to H2O. Combining spectroscopic measurements with atomistic simulations, we show that collagen in D2O is less hydrated than in H2O. This partial dehydration lowers the enthalpic penalty for water removal and reorganization at the collagen–water interface, increasing the self-assembly rate and the number of nucleation centers, leading to thinner fibrils and a softer network. Coarse-grained simulations show that the acceleration in the initial nucleation rate can be reproduced by the enhancement of electrostatic interactions. These results show that water acts as a mediator between collagen monomers, by modulating their interactions so as to optimize the assembly process and, thus, the final network properties. We believe that isotopically modulating the hydration of proteins can be a valuable method to investigate the role of water in protein structural dynamics and protein self-assembly.}, author = {Giubertoni, Giulia and Feng, Liru and Klein, Kevin and Giannetti, Guido and Rutten, Luco and Choi, Yeji and Van Der Net, Anouk and Castro-Linares, Gerard and Caporaletti, Federico and Micha, Dimitra and Hunger, Johannes and Deblais, Antoine and Bonn, Daniel and Sommerdijk, Nico and Šarić, Anđela and Ilie, Ioana M. and Koenderink, Gijsje H. and Woutersen, Sander}, issn = {1091-6490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {11}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Elucidating the role of water in collagen self-assembly by isotopically modulating collagen hydration}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2313162121}, volume = {121}, year = {2024}, } @article{15117, abstract = {The hippocampal mossy fiber synapse, formed between axons of dentate gyrus granule cells and dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons, is a key synapse in the trisynaptic circuitry of the hippocampus. Because of its comparatively large size, this synapse is accessible to direct presynaptic recording, allowing a rigorous investigation of the biophysical mechanisms of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Furthermore, because of its placement in the very center of the hippocampal memory circuit, this synapse seems to be critically involved in several higher network functions, such as learning, memory, pattern separation, and pattern completion. Recent work based on new technologies in both nanoanatomy and nanophysiology, including presynaptic patch-clamp recording, paired recording, super-resolution light microscopy, and freeze-fracture and “flash-and-freeze” electron microscopy, has provided new insights into the structure, biophysics, and network function of this intriguing synapse. This brings us one step closer to answering a fundamental question in neuroscience: how basic synaptic properties shape higher network computations.}, author = {Vandael, David H and Jonas, Peter M}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6687}, pages = {eadg6757}, publisher = {AAAS}, title = {{Structure, biophysics, and circuit function of a "giant" cortical presynaptic terminal}}, doi = {10.1126/science.adg6757}, volume = {383}, year = {2024}, } @article{15119, abstract = {In this paper we consider an SPDE where the leading term is a second order operator with periodic boundary conditions, coefficients which are measurable in (t,ω) , and Hölder continuous in space. Assuming stochastic parabolicity conditions, we prove Lp((0,T)×Ω,tκdt;Hσ,q(Td)) -estimates. The main novelty is that we do not require p=q . Moreover, we allow arbitrary σ∈R and weights in time. Such mixed regularity estimates play a crucial role in applications to nonlinear SPDEs which is clear from our previous work. To prove our main results we develop a general perturbation theory for SPDEs. Moreover, we prove a new result on pointwise multiplication in spaces with fractional smoothness.}, author = {Agresti, Antonio and Veraar, Mark}, issn = {0246-0203}, journal = {Annales de l'institut Henri Poincare Probability and Statistics}, number = {1}, pages = {413--430}, publisher = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics}, title = {{Stochastic maximal Lp(Lq)-regularity for second order systems with periodic boundary conditions}}, doi = {10.1214/22-AIHP1333}, volume = {60}, year = {2024}, }