[{"abstract":[{"text":"The brain vasculature supplies neurons with glucose and oxygen, but little is known about how vascular plasticity contributes to brain function. Using longitudinal in vivo imaging, we report that a substantial proportion of blood vessels in the adult mouse brain sporadically occlude and regress. Their regression proceeds through sequential stages of blood-flow occlusion, endothelial cell collapse, relocation or loss of pericytes, and retraction of glial endfeet. Regressing vessels are found to be widespread in mouse, monkey and human brains. We further reveal that blood vessel regression cause a reduction of neuronal activity due to a dysfunction in mitochondrial metabolism and glutamate production. Our results elucidate the mechanism of vessel regression and its role in neuronal function in the adult brain.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Nature Communications","external_id":{"isi":["001523450500035"]},"date_published":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","file":[{"date_updated":"2025-07-07T09:52:46Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":17018106,"date_created":"2025-07-07T09:52:46Z","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"checksum":"f59748cb67232cfb210035d9aef60836","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"19971","file_name":"2025_NatureComm_Gao.pdf"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Gao, Xiaofei","last_name":"Gao","first_name":"Xiaofei"},{"first_name":"Jun-Liszt","full_name":"Li, Jun-Liszt","last_name":"Li"},{"first_name":"Xingjun","full_name":"Chen, Xingjun","last_name":"Chen"},{"last_name":"Ci","full_name":"Ci, Bo","first_name":"Bo"},{"last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Fei","first_name":"Fei"},{"first_name":"Nannan","last_name":"Lu","full_name":"Lu, Nannan"},{"full_name":"Shen, Bo","last_name":"Shen","first_name":"Bo"},{"full_name":"Zheng, Lijun","last_name":"Zheng","first_name":"Lijun"},{"first_name":"Jie-Min","last_name":"Jia","full_name":"Jia, Jie-Min"},{"last_name":"Yi","full_name":"Yi, Yating","first_name":"Yating"},{"first_name":"Shiwen","full_name":"Zhang, Shiwen","last_name":"Zhang"},{"last_name":"Shi","full_name":"Shi, Ying-Chao","first_name":"Ying-Chao"},{"last_name":"Shi","full_name":"Shi, Kaibin","first_name":"Kaibin"},{"full_name":"Propson, Nicholas E","last_name":"Propson","first_name":"Nicholas E"},{"full_name":"Huang, Yubin","last_name":"Huang","first_name":"Yubin"},{"first_name":"Katherine","full_name":"Poinsatte, Katherine","last_name":"Poinsatte"},{"first_name":"Zhaohuan","full_name":"Zhang, Zhaohuan","last_name":"Zhang"},{"full_name":"Yue, Yuanlei","last_name":"Yue","first_name":"Yuanlei"},{"full_name":"Bosco, Dale B","last_name":"Bosco","first_name":"Dale B"},{"first_name":"Ying-mei","full_name":"Lu, Ying-mei","last_name":"Lu"},{"full_name":"Yang, Shi-bing","last_name":"Yang","first_name":"Shi-bing"},{"last_name":"Adams","full_name":"Adams, Ralf H.","first_name":"Ralf H."},{"last_name":"Lindner","full_name":"Lindner, Volkhard","first_name":"Volkhard"},{"first_name":"Fen","full_name":"Huang, Fen","last_name":"Huang"},{"first_name":"Long-Jun","full_name":"Wu, Long-Jun","last_name":"Wu"},{"first_name":"Hui","last_name":"Zheng","full_name":"Zheng, Hui"},{"full_name":"Han, Feng","last_name":"Han","first_name":"Feng"},{"first_name":"Simon","id":"37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hippenmeyer, Simon","last_name":"Hippenmeyer","orcid":"0000-0003-2279-1061"},{"last_name":"Stowe","full_name":"Stowe, Ann M.","first_name":"Ann M."},{"first_name":"Bo","last_name":"Peng","full_name":"Peng, Bo"},{"first_name":"Marta","full_name":"Margeta, Marta","last_name":"Margeta"},{"first_name":"Xiaoqun","full_name":"Wang, Xiaoqun","last_name":"Wang"},{"first_name":"Qiang","full_name":"Liu, Qiang","last_name":"Liu"},{"full_name":"Körbelin, Jakob","last_name":"Körbelin","first_name":"Jakob"},{"full_name":"Trepel, Martin","last_name":"Trepel","first_name":"Martin"},{"first_name":"Hui","last_name":"Lu","full_name":"Lu, Hui"},{"first_name":"Bo O.","last_name":"Zhou","full_name":"Zhou, Bo O."},{"full_name":"Zhao, Hu","last_name":"Zhao","first_name":"Hu"},{"first_name":"Wenzhi","full_name":"Su, Wenzhi","last_name":"Su"},{"first_name":"Robert M.","full_name":"Bachoo, Robert M.","last_name":"Bachoo"},{"first_name":"Woo-ping","last_name":"Ge","full_name":"Ge, Woo-ping"}],"day":"01","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Reduction of neuronal activity mediated by blood-vessel regression in the brain","type":"journal_article","project":[{"_id":"260018B0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"725780","name":"Principles of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression in Cerebral Cortex Development","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"isi":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","DOAJ_listed":"1","article_type":"original","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-60308-0","acknowledgement":"The project was initiated in the Jan lab at UCSF. We thank Lily Jan and Yuh-Nung Jan’s generous support. We thank Liqun Luo’s lab for providing MADM-7 mice and Rolf A Brekken for VEGF-antibodies. Drs. Yuanquan Song (UPenn), Zhaozhu Hu (JHU), Ji Hu (ShanghaiTech), Yang Xiang (U. Mass), Hao Wang (Zhejiang U.) and Ruikang Wang (U. Washington) for critical input, colleagues at Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Pediatrics from UT Southwestern, and colleagues from the Jan lab for discussion. Dr. Bridget Samuels, Sean Morrison (UT Southwestern), and Nannan Lu (Zhejiang U.) for critical reading. We acknowledge the assistance of the CIBR Imaging core. We also thank UT Southwestern Live Cell Imaging Facility, a Shared Resource of the Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, supported in part by an NCI Cancer Center Support Grant, P30 CA142543K. This work is supported by CIBR funds and the American Heart Association AWRP Summer 2016 Innovative Research Grant (17IRG33410377) to W-P.G.; National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81370031) to Z.Z.;National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFE0125400)to F.H.;National Natural Science Foundations of China (No. 81473202) to Y.L.; National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31600839) and Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Program (JCYJ20170818163320865) to B.P.; National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31800864) and Westlake University start-up funds to J-M. J. NIH R01NS088627 to W.L.J.; NIH: R01 AG020670 and RF1AG054111 to H.Z.; R01 NS088555 to A.M.S., and European Research Council No.725780 to S.H.;W-P.G. was a recipient of Bugher-American Heart Association Dan Adams Thinking Outside the Box Award.","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"year":"2025","article_number":"5840","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2020-10-06T08:58:59Z","intvolume":" 16","publisher":"Springer Nature","month":"07","OA_place":"publisher","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","ec_funded":1,"quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"gold","volume":16,"citation":{"short":"X. Gao, J.-L. Li, X. Chen, B. Ci, F. Chen, N. Lu, B. Shen, L. Zheng, J.-M. Jia, Y. Yi, S. Zhang, Y.-C. Shi, K. Shi, N.E. Propson, Y. Huang, K. Poinsatte, Z. Zhang, Y. Yue, D.B. Bosco, Y. Lu, S. Yang, R.H. Adams, V. Lindner, F. Huang, L.-J. Wu, H. Zheng, F. Han, S. Hippenmeyer, A.M. Stowe, B. Peng, M. Margeta, X. Wang, Q. Liu, J. Körbelin, M. Trepel, H. Lu, B.O. Zhou, H. Zhao, W. Su, R.M. Bachoo, W. Ge, Nature Communications 16 (2025).","ista":"Gao X, Li J-L, Chen X, Ci B, Chen F, Lu N, Shen B, Zheng L, Jia J-M, Yi Y, Zhang S, Shi Y-C, Shi K, Propson NE, Huang Y, Poinsatte K, Zhang Z, Yue Y, Bosco DB, Lu Y, Yang S, Adams RH, Lindner V, Huang F, Wu L-J, Zheng H, Han F, Hippenmeyer S, Stowe AM, Peng B, Margeta M, Wang X, Liu Q, Körbelin J, Trepel M, Lu H, Zhou BO, Zhao H, Su W, Bachoo RM, Ge W. 2025. Reduction of neuronal activity mediated by blood-vessel regression in the brain. Nature Communications. 16, 5840.","mla":"Gao, Xiaofei, et al. “Reduction of Neuronal Activity Mediated by Blood-Vessel Regression in the Brain.” Nature Communications, vol. 16, 5840, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60308-0.","apa":"Gao, X., Li, J.-L., Chen, X., Ci, B., Chen, F., Lu, N., … Ge, W. (2025). Reduction of neuronal activity mediated by blood-vessel regression in the brain. Nature Communications. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60308-0","ieee":"X. Gao et al., “Reduction of neuronal activity mediated by blood-vessel regression in the brain,” Nature Communications, vol. 16. Springer Nature, 2025.","chicago":"Gao, Xiaofei, Jun-Liszt Li, Xingjun Chen, Bo Ci, Fei Chen, Nannan Lu, Bo Shen, et al. “Reduction of Neuronal Activity Mediated by Blood-Vessel Regression in the Brain.” Nature Communications. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60308-0.","ama":"Gao X, Li J-L, Chen X, et al. Reduction of neuronal activity mediated by blood-vessel regression in the brain. Nature Communications. 2025;16. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60308-0"},"has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","department":[{"_id":"SiHi"}],"file_date_updated":"2025-07-07T09:52:46Z","ddc":["570"],"status":"public","_id":"8616","date_updated":"2025-09-04T07:08:37Z","oa":1},{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2020-07-16T12:24:28Z","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevX.15.011057","acknowledgement":"We thank Helen Barron, Vezha Boboeva, Adam Packer, João Sacramento, Andrew Saxe, Misha Tsodyks, and Friedemann Zenke for helpful comments at various stages of this work, and Rubem Erichsen, Jr. for carefully reading the manuscript and valuable comments. This work was\r\nsupported by a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society [No. WT100000 (W. F. P., E. J. A., and T. P. V.)], a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship [No. 214316/Z/18/Z (E. J. A. and T. P. V.)], and a Research Project Grant by the Leverhulme Trust\r\n[No. RPG-2016-446 (E. J. A.)]. ","year":"2025","article_number":"011057","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2160-3308"]},"locked":"1","publication_status":"published","article_type":"original","project":[{"_id":"B67AFEDC-15C9-11EA-A837-991A96BB2854","name":"IST Austria Open Access Fund"},{"_id":"c084a126-5a5b-11eb-8a69-d75314a70a87","grant_number":"214316/Z/18/Z","name":"What’s in a memory? Spatiotemporal dynamics in strongly coupled recurrent neuronal networks."}],"title":"High capacity and dynamic accessibility in associative memory networks with context-dependent neuronal and synaptic gating","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"isi":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"first_name":"William F.","full_name":"Podlaski, William F.","last_name":"Podlaski","orcid":"0000-0001-6619-7502"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-7184-7311","first_name":"Everton J.","last_name":"Agnes","full_name":"Agnes, Everton J."},{"id":"CB6FF8D2-008F-11EA-8E08-2637E6697425","first_name":"Tim P","last_name":"Vogels","full_name":"Vogels, Tim P","orcid":"0000-0003-3295-6181"}],"day":"13","APC_amount":"4910,08 EUR","publication":"Physical Review X","date_published":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["001451378900002"]},"file":[{"file_name":"2025_PhysReviewX_Podlaski.pdf","file_id":"19432","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"1f27ee469ab51a3e1ce1e2df0022e81d","success":1,"date_created":"2025-03-20T12:47:17Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1373704,"creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2025-03-20T12:47:17Z"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Biological memory is known to be flexible—memory formation and recall depend on factors such as the behavioral context of the organism. However, this property is often ignored in associative memory models, leaving it unclear how memories can be organized and recalled when subject to contextual control. Because of the lack of a rigorous analytical framework, it is also unknown how contextual control affects memory stability, storage capacity, and information content. Here, we bring the dynamic nature of memory to the fore by introducing a novel model of associative memory, which we refer to as the context-modular memory network. In our model, stored memory patterns are associated to one of several background network states, or contexts. Memories are accessible when their corresponding context is active, and are otherwise inaccessible. Context modulates the effective network connectivity by imposing a specific\r\nconfiguration of neuronal and synaptic gating—gated neurons (synapses) have their activity (weights) momentarily silenced, thereby reducing interference from memories belonging to other contexts. Memory patterns are randomly and independently chosen, while neuronal and synaptic gates may be selected randomly or optimized through a process of contextual synaptic refinement. Through analytic and numerical results, we show that context-modular memory networks can exhibit both improved memory capacity and differential control of memory stability with random gating (especially for neuronal gating). For contextual synaptic refinement, we devise a method in which synapses are gated off for a given context if they destabilize the memory patterns in that context, drastically improving memory capacity and enabling even more precise control over memory stability. Notably, synaptic refinement allows for patterns to be\r\naccessible in multiple contexts, stabilizing memory patterns even for weight matrices that alone do not contain any information about the memory patterns, such as Gaussian random matrices. Overall, our model integrates recent ideas about context-dependent memory organization with classic associative memory models and proposes a rigorous theory which can act as a framework for future work. Furthermore, our work carries important implications for the understanding of biological memory storage and recall in the brain, such as highlighting an intriguing trade-off between memory capacity and accessibility."}],"oa":1,"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"software","url":"https://github.com/wpodlaski/contextual-memory-nets"}]},"date_updated":"2026-05-06T12:44:27Z","status":"public","corr_author":"1","_id":"8125","scopus_import":"1","ddc":["530"],"file_date_updated":"2025-03-20T12:47:17Z","department":[{"_id":"TiVo"}],"OA_type":"gold","volume":15,"quality_controlled":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"mla":"Podlaski, William F., et al. “High Capacity and Dynamic Accessibility in Associative Memory Networks with Context-Dependent Neuronal and Synaptic Gating.” Physical Review X, vol. 15, 011057, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.15.011057.","apa":"Podlaski, W. F., Agnes, E. J., & Vogels, T. P. (2025). High capacity and dynamic accessibility in associative memory networks with context-dependent neuronal and synaptic gating. Physical Review X. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.15.011057","short":"W.F. Podlaski, E.J. Agnes, T.P. Vogels, Physical Review X 15 (2025).","ista":"Podlaski WF, Agnes EJ, Vogels TP. 2025. High capacity and dynamic accessibility in associative memory networks with context-dependent neuronal and synaptic gating. Physical Review X. 15, 011057.","ama":"Podlaski WF, Agnes EJ, Vogels TP. High capacity and dynamic accessibility in associative memory networks with context-dependent neuronal and synaptic gating. Physical Review X. 2025;15. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.15.011057","chicago":"Podlaski, William F., Everton J. Agnes, and Tim P Vogels. “High Capacity and Dynamic Accessibility in Associative Memory Networks with Context-Dependent Neuronal and Synaptic Gating.” Physical Review X. American Physical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.15.011057.","ieee":"W. F. Podlaski, E. J. Agnes, and T. P. Vogels, “High capacity and dynamic accessibility in associative memory networks with context-dependent neuronal and synaptic gating,” Physical Review X, vol. 15. American Physical Society, 2025."},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"OA_place":"publisher","month":"03","intvolume":" 15","publisher":"American Physical Society"},{"OA_place":"repository","month":"05","intvolume":" 130","publisher":"International Press","volume":130,"OA_type":"green","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"mla":"Hensel, Sebastian, and Tim Laux. “A New Varifold Solution Concept for Mean Curvature Flow: Convergence of the Allen-Cahn Equation and Weak-Strong Uniqueness.” Journal of Differential Geometry, vol. 130, International Press, 2025, pp. 209–68, doi:10.4310/jdg/1747065796.","apa":"Hensel, S., & Laux, T. (2025). A new varifold solution concept for mean curvature flow: Convergence of the Allen-Cahn equation and weak-strong uniqueness. Journal of Differential Geometry. International Press. https://doi.org/10.4310/jdg/1747065796","ista":"Hensel S, Laux T. 2025. A new varifold solution concept for mean curvature flow: Convergence of the Allen-Cahn equation and weak-strong uniqueness. Journal of Differential Geometry. 130, 209–268.","short":"S. Hensel, T. Laux, Journal of Differential Geometry 130 (2025) 209–268.","chicago":"Hensel, Sebastian, and Tim Laux. “A New Varifold Solution Concept for Mean Curvature Flow: Convergence of the Allen-Cahn Equation and Weak-Strong Uniqueness.” Journal of Differential Geometry. International Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4310/jdg/1747065796.","ama":"Hensel S, Laux T. A new varifold solution concept for mean curvature flow: Convergence of the Allen-Cahn equation and weak-strong uniqueness. Journal of Differential Geometry. 2025;130:209-268. doi:10.4310/jdg/1747065796","ieee":"S. Hensel and T. Laux, “A new varifold solution concept for mean curvature flow: Convergence of the Allen-Cahn equation and weak-strong uniqueness,” Journal of Differential Geometry, vol. 130. International Press, pp. 209–268, 2025."},"page":"209-268","ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","_id":"10011","corr_author":"1","arxiv":1,"scopus_import":"1","department":[{"_id":"JuFi"}],"oa":1,"date_updated":"2025-05-28T09:27:05Z","publication":"Journal of Differential Geometry","date_published":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2109.04233"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We propose a new weak solution concept for (two-phase) mean curvature flow which enjoys both (unconditional) existence and (weak-strong) uniqueness properties. These solutions are evolving varifolds, just as in Brakke's formulation, but are coupled to the phase volumes by a simple transport equation. First, we show that, in the exact same setup as in Ilmanen's proof [J. Differential Geom. 38, 417-461, (1993)], any limit point of solutions to the Allen-Cahn equation is a varifold solution in our sense. Second, we prove that any calibrated flow in the sense of Fischer et al. [arXiv:2003.05478] - and hence any classical solution to mean curvature flow-is unique in the class of our new varifold solutions. This is in sharp contrast to the case of Brakke flows, which a priori may disappear at any given time and are therefore fatally non-unique. Finally, we propose an extension of the solution concept to the multi-phase case which is at least guaranteed to satisfy a weak-strong uniqueness principle."}],"oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.04233","open_access":"1"}],"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-7252-8072","id":"4D23B7DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"Hensel","full_name":"Hensel, Sebastian"},{"full_name":"Laux, Tim","last_name":"Laux","first_name":"Tim"}],"day":"01","publication_status":"published","article_type":"original","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Bridging Scales in Random Materials","grant_number":"948819","_id":"0aa76401-070f-11eb-9043-b5bb049fa26d"}],"type":"journal_article","title":"A new varifold solution concept for mean curvature flow: Convergence of the Allen-Cahn equation and weak-strong uniqueness","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2021-09-13T12:17:10Z","keyword":["Mean curvature flow","gradient flows","varifolds","weak solutions","weak-strong uniqueness","calibrated geometry","gradient-flow calibrations"],"doi":"10.4310/jdg/1747065796","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 948819), and from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC-2047/1 – 390685813. The content of this paper was developed and parts of it were written during a visit of the first author to the Hausdorff Center of Mathematics (HCM), University of Bonn. The hospitality and the support of HCM are gratefully acknowledged.","year":"2025","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1945-743X"],"issn":["0022-040X"]}},{"author":[{"last_name":"Dvorak","full_name":"Dvorak, Martin","id":"40ED02A8-C8B4-11E9-A9C0-453BE6697425","first_name":"Martin","orcid":"0000-0001-5293-214X"},{"id":"3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Kolmogorov","full_name":"Kolmogorov, Vladimir"}],"day":"01","oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"text":"Given a fixed finite metric space (V,μ), the {\\em minimum 0-extension problem}, denoted as 0-Ext[μ], is equivalent to the following optimization problem: minimize function of the form minx∈Vn∑ifi(xi)+∑ijcijμ(xi,xj) where cij,cvi are given nonnegative costs and fi:V→R are functions given by fi(xi)=∑v∈Vcviμ(xi,v). The computational complexity of 0-Ext[μ] has been recently established by Karzanov and by Hirai: if metric μ is {\\em orientable modular} then 0-Ext[μ] can be solved in polynomial time, otherwise 0-Ext[μ] is NP-hard. To prove the tractability part, Hirai developed a theory of discrete convex functions on orientable modular graphs generalizing several known classes of functions in discrete convex analysis, such as L♮-convex functions. We consider a more general version of the problem in which unary functions fi(xi) can additionally have terms of the form cuv;iμ(xi,{u,v}) for {u,v}∈F, where set F⊆(V2) is fixed. We extend the complexity classification above by providing an explicit condition on (μ,F) for the problem to be tractable. In order to prove the tractability part, we generalize Hirai's theory and define a larger class of discrete convex functions. It covers, in particular, another well-known class of functions, namely submodular functions on an integer lattice. Finally, we improve the complexity of Hirai's algorithm for solving 0-Ext on orientable modular graphs.\r\n","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Mathematical Programming","date_published":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2109.10203"],"isi":["001176563300001"]},"file":[{"date_updated":"2025-04-16T09:36:08Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":839510,"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2025-04-16T09:36:08Z","checksum":"25d9bd490719b45eca84f4d93a06c69f","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_name":"2025_MathProgramming_Dvorak.pdf","file_id":"19578"}],"keyword":["minimum 0-extension problem","metric labeling problem","discrete metric spaces","metric extensions","computational complexity","valued constraint satisfaction problems","discrete convex analysis","L-convex functions"],"acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of our manuscript and their many insightful comments and suggestions. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","doi":"10.1007/s10107-024-02064-5","year":"2025","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1436-4646"],"issn":["0025-5610"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2021-09-27T10:48:23Z","type":"journal_article","title":"Generalized minimum 0-extension problem and discrete convexity","isi":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","article_type":"original","page":"279-322","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"quality_controlled":"1","volume":209,"OA_type":"hybrid","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"ieee":"M. Dvorak and V. Kolmogorov, “Generalized minimum 0-extension problem and discrete convexity,” Mathematical Programming, vol. 209. Springer Nature, pp. 279–322, 2025.","chicago":"Dvorak, Martin, and Vladimir Kolmogorov. “Generalized Minimum 0-Extension Problem and Discrete Convexity.” Mathematical Programming. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-024-02064-5.","ama":"Dvorak M, Kolmogorov V. Generalized minimum 0-extension problem and discrete convexity. Mathematical Programming. 2025;209:279-322. doi:10.1007/s10107-024-02064-5","ista":"Dvorak M, Kolmogorov V. 2025. Generalized minimum 0-extension problem and discrete convexity. Mathematical Programming. 209, 279–322.","short":"M. Dvorak, V. Kolmogorov, Mathematical Programming 209 (2025) 279–322.","apa":"Dvorak, M., & Kolmogorov, V. (2025). Generalized minimum 0-extension problem and discrete convexity. Mathematical Programming. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-024-02064-5","mla":"Dvorak, Martin, and Vladimir Kolmogorov. “Generalized Minimum 0-Extension Problem and Discrete Convexity.” Mathematical Programming, vol. 209, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 279–322, doi:10.1007/s10107-024-02064-5."},"intvolume":" 209","publisher":"Springer Nature","OA_place":"publisher","month":"01","date_updated":"2025-05-19T13:52:10Z","oa":1,"arxiv":1,"scopus_import":"1","ddc":["004"],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"VlKo"}],"file_date_updated":"2025-04-16T09:36:08Z","status":"public","_id":"10045","corr_author":"1"},{"month":"08","OA_place":"publisher","extern":"1","intvolume":" 12","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","OA_type":"gold","quality_controlled":"1","volume":12,"citation":{"ieee":"D. A. B. Miller et al., “Universal programmable and self-configuring optical filter,” Optica, vol. 12, no. 9. Optica Publishing Group, pp. 1417–1426, 2025.","chicago":"Miller, David A. B., Charles Roques-Carmes, Carson G. Valdez, Anne R. Kroo, Marek Vlk, Shanhui Fan, and Olav Solgaard. “Universal Programmable and Self-Configuring Optical Filter.” Optica. Optica Publishing Group, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.557630.","ama":"Miller DAB, Roques-Carmes C, Valdez CG, et al. Universal programmable and self-configuring optical filter. Optica. 2025;12(9):1417-1426. doi:10.1364/optica.557630","ista":"Miller DAB, Roques-Carmes C, Valdez CG, Kroo AR, Vlk M, Fan S, Solgaard O. 2025. Universal programmable and self-configuring optical filter. Optica. 12(9), 1417–1426.","short":"D.A.B. Miller, C. Roques-Carmes, C.G. Valdez, A.R. Kroo, M. Vlk, S. Fan, O. Solgaard, Optica 12 (2025) 1417–1426.","apa":"Miller, D. A. B., Roques-Carmes, C., Valdez, C. G., Kroo, A. R., Vlk, M., Fan, S., & Solgaard, O. (2025). Universal programmable and self-configuring optical filter. Optica. Optica Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.557630","mla":"Miller, David A. B., et al. “Universal Programmable and Self-Configuring Optical Filter.” Optica, vol. 12, no. 9, Optica Publishing Group, 2025, pp. 1417–26, doi:10.1364/optica.557630."},"page":"1417-1426","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","_id":"21641","scopus_import":"1","ddc":["530"],"oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-04-27T07:04:51Z","publication":"Optica","date_published":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"pmid":["11385580"]},"abstract":[{"text":"Spectral filters are widely used in sensing and communicating with light, such as for separating wavelength channels in communications or sensing the specific spectra of some object or material of interest. The filter function is, however, often fixed, and precise filtering can require precise manufacturing. We propose an approach to integrated optical spectral filtering that allows arbitrary programmability, can compensate automatically for imperfections in filter fabrication, allows multiple simultaneous and separately programmable filter functions on the same input, and can configure itself automatically to the problem of interest, for example, to filter or reject multiple arbitrarily chosen frequencies. The approach exploits splitting the input light into an array of multiple waveguides of different lengths that then feed a programmable interferometer array that can also self-configure. It can give a spectral response similar to arrayed waveguide gratings but offers many other filtering functions, as well as supporting other structures based on non-redundant arrays for precise spectral filtering. Simultaneous filtering also allows an automatic measurement of the temporal coherency matrix and physical separation into the Karhunen–Loève expansion of temporally partially coherent light fields. With this approach, a wide range of spectral operations can be controllably, automatically, and precisely performed by an integrated photonic device with simple programmability.","lang":"eng"}],"pmid":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.557630","open_access":"1"}],"issue":"9","author":[{"first_name":"David A. B.","full_name":"Miller, David A. B.","last_name":"Miller"},{"first_name":"Charles","id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82","full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles","last_name":"Roques-Carmes"},{"first_name":"Carson G.","last_name":"Valdez","full_name":"Valdez, Carson G."},{"full_name":"Kroo, Anne R.","last_name":"Kroo","first_name":"Anne R."},{"full_name":"Vlk, Marek","last_name":"Vlk","first_name":"Marek"},{"first_name":"Shanhui","full_name":"Fan, Shanhui","last_name":"Fan"},{"first_name":"Olav","last_name":"Solgaard","full_name":"Solgaard, Olav"}],"day":"27","publication_status":"published","DOAJ_listed":"1","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","title":"Universal programmable and self-configuring optical filter","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2026-03-30T12:22:48Z","doi":"10.1364/optica.557630","year":"2025","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2334-2536"]}},{"author":[{"last_name":"Choi","full_name":"Choi, Seou","first_name":"Seou"},{"first_name":"Yannick","full_name":"Salamin, Yannick","last_name":"Salamin"},{"id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82","first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Roques-Carmes","full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles"},{"first_name":"Jamison","full_name":"Sloan, Jamison","last_name":"Sloan"},{"first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Horodynski, Michael","last_name":"Horodynski"},{"full_name":"Soljačić, Marin","last_name":"Soljačić","first_name":"Marin"}],"day":"27","article_processing_charge":"No","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"OA_type":"green","oa_version":"Preprint","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"mla":"Choi, Seou, et al. “Observing the Dynamics of Quantum States Generated inside Nonlinear Optical Cavities.” Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5619593/v1.","apa":"Choi, S., Salamin, Y., Roques-Carmes, C., Sloan, J., Horodynski, M., & Soljačić, M. (n.d.). Observing the dynamics of quantum states generated inside nonlinear optical cavities. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5619593/v1","short":"S. Choi, Y. Salamin, C. Roques-Carmes, J. Sloan, M. Horodynski, M. Soljačić, Research Square (n.d.).","ista":"Choi S, Salamin Y, Roques-Carmes C, Sloan J, Horodynski M, Soljačić M. Observing the dynamics of quantum states generated inside nonlinear optical cavities. Research Square, 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5619593/v1.","ama":"Choi S, Salamin Y, Roques-Carmes C, Sloan J, Horodynski M, Soljačić M. Observing the dynamics of quantum states generated inside nonlinear optical cavities. Research Square. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5619593/v1","chicago":"Choi, Seou, Yannick Salamin, Charles Roques-Carmes, Jamison Sloan, Michael Horodynski, and Marin Soljačić. “Observing the Dynamics of Quantum States Generated inside Nonlinear Optical Cavities.” Research Square, n.d. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5619593/v1.","ieee":"S. Choi, Y. Salamin, C. Roques-Carmes, J. Sloan, M. Horodynski, and M. Soljačić, “Observing the dynamics of quantum states generated inside nonlinear optical cavities,” Research Square. ."},"abstract":[{"text":"Observing non-classical properties of light is a long-standing interest to advance a wide range of quantum application from computing to metrology. Optical cavities are essential to generate and manipulate non-classical light. However, detecting changes in cavity properties induced by the quantum state remains a critical challenge in the optical domain due to the weak material nonlinearity, limiting our ability to observe quantum states generated in optical cavities. Here, we propose a framework for observing the dynamics of quantum states generated inside nonlinear optical cavities. We utilize symmetry-breaking to obtain high sensitivity to small perturbations introduced to the quantum state, resulting in an asymmetric equilibrium of a macroscopic observable. With a nonlinear response at the single photon level, our approach directly imprints the field distribution of the cavity quantum state onto the statistics of bistable cavity steady-states. We experimentally demonstrate our approach in a degenerate optical parametric oscillator, generating and reconstructing the quasi-probability distribution of different quantum states. As a validation, we reconstruct the Husimi Q function of the cavity squeezed vacuum state. In addition, we observe the evolution of the quantum vacuum state inside the cavity as it undergoes phase-sensitive amplification. By enabling generation and measurement of quantum states in a single nonlinear optical cavity, our method paves a way for studying exotic dynamics of quantum optical states in nonlinear driven-dissipative systems such as soliton generation and Kerr frequency combs.","lang":"eng"}],"OA_place":"repository","publication":"Research Square","month":"02","date_published":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","extern":"1","date_updated":"2026-05-05T10:59:47Z","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5619593/v1","year":"2025","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2026-03-30T12:22:48Z","title":"Observing the dynamics of quantum states generated inside nonlinear optical cavities","type":"preprint","ddc":["530"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication_status":"submitted","_id":"21644"},{"OA_type":"gold","oa_version":"Published Version","citation":{"ama":"Hartmanns A, Junges S, Quatmann T, Weininger M. Benchmark data for the revised practitioner’s guide to MDP model checking algorithms. 2025. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.14500423","chicago":"Hartmanns, Arnd, Sebastian Junges, Tim Quatmann, and Maximilian Weininger. “Benchmark Data for the Revised Practitioner’s Guide to MDP Model Checking Algorithms.” Zenodo, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14500423.","ieee":"A. Hartmanns, S. Junges, T. Quatmann, and M. Weininger, “Benchmark data for the revised practitioner’s guide to MDP model checking algorithms.” Zenodo, 2025.","mla":"Hartmanns, Arnd, et al. Benchmark Data for the Revised Practitioner’s Guide to MDP Model Checking Algorithms. Zenodo, 2025, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.14500423.","apa":"Hartmanns, A., Junges, S., Quatmann, T., & Weininger, M. (2025). Benchmark data for the revised practitioner’s guide to MDP model checking algorithms. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14500423","short":"A. Hartmanns, S. Junges, T. Quatmann, M. Weininger, (2025).","ista":"Hartmanns A, Junges S, Quatmann T, Weininger M. 2025. Benchmark data for the revised practitioner’s guide to MDP model checking algorithms, Zenodo, 10.5281/ZENODO.14500423."},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14500423","open_access":"1"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Arnd","last_name":"Hartmanns","full_name":"Hartmanns, Arnd"},{"last_name":"Junges","full_name":"Junges, Sebastian","first_name":"Sebastian"},{"full_name":"Quatmann, Tim","last_name":"Quatmann","first_name":"Tim"},{"first_name":"Maximilian","id":"02ab0197-cc70-11ed-ab61-918e71f56881","full_name":"Weininger, Maximilian","last_name":"Weininger","orcid":"0000-0002-0163-2152"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","day":"07","month":"03","OA_place":"repository","date_published":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","publisher":"Zenodo","abstract":[{"text":"This artifact allows to review and reproduce the experiments from the paper *A Revised Practitioner's Guide to MDP Model Checking Algorithms*.\r\nThe package contains all original logfiles and derived data used to generate the plots as in the paper. Furthermore, the artifact contains the model checking tools `Storm` and `mcsta` in the version exercised in the paper, the used Docker container, as well as benchmark instances and execution scripts to reproduce the experiments.\r\n\r\nSee also the artifact of the conference paper: https://zenodo.org/records/7509474","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"21661","relation":"used_for_analysis_in","status":"public"}]},"date_created":"2026-04-07T09:47:22Z","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.14500423","date_updated":"2026-04-07T09:52:55Z","year":"2025","status":"public","_id":"21668","title":"Benchmark data for the revised practitioner's guide to MDP model checking algorithms","type":"research_data_reference","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"ddc":["000"]},{"date_published":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2501.11811"]},"extern":"1","OA_place":"repository","month":"01","publication":"arXiv","abstract":[{"text":"We propose an approach to integrated optical spectral filtering that allows arbitrary programmability, can compensate automatically for imperfections in filter fabrication, allows multiple simultaneous and separately programmable filter functions on the same input, and can configure itself automatically to the problem of interest, for example to filter or reject multiple arbitrarily chosen frequencies. The approach exploits splitting the input light into an array of multiple waveguides of different lengths that then feed a programmable interferometer array that can also self-configure. It can give spectral response similar to arrayed waveguide gratings but offers many other filtering functions, as well as supporting other structures based on non-redundant arrays for precise spectral filtering. Simultaneous filtering also allows, for the first time to our knowledge, an automatic measurement of the temporal coherency matrix and physical separation into the Karhunen-Loève expansion of temporally partially coherent light fields.","lang":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.11811","open_access":"1"}],"citation":{"ista":"Miller DAB, Roques-Carmes C, Valdez CG, Kroo AR, Vlk M, Fan S, Solgaard O. Universal programmable and self-configuring optical filter. arXiv, 2501.11811.","short":"D.A.B. Miller, C. Roques-Carmes, C.G. Valdez, A.R. Kroo, M. Vlk, S. Fan, O. Solgaard, ArXiv (n.d.).","apa":"Miller, D. A. B., Roques-Carmes, C., Valdez, C. G., Kroo, A. R., Vlk, M., Fan, S., & Solgaard, O. (n.d.). Universal programmable and self-configuring optical filter. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.11811","mla":"Miller, David A. B., et al. “Universal Programmable and Self-Configuring Optical Filter.” ArXiv, 2501.11811, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2501.11811.","ieee":"D. A. B. Miller et al., “Universal programmable and self-configuring optical filter,” arXiv. .","chicago":"Miller, David A. B., Charles Roques-Carmes, Carson G. Valdez, Anne R. Kroo, Marek Vlk, Shanhui Fan, and Olav Solgaard. “Universal Programmable and Self-Configuring Optical Filter.” ArXiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.11811.","ama":"Miller DAB, Roques-Carmes C, Valdez CG, et al. Universal programmable and self-configuring optical filter. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2501.11811"},"OA_type":"green","oa_version":"Preprint","day":"21","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"full_name":"Miller, David A. B.","last_name":"Miller","first_name":"David A. B."},{"first_name":"Charles","id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82","full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles","last_name":"Roques-Carmes"},{"last_name":"Valdez","full_name":"Valdez, Carson G.","first_name":"Carson G."},{"first_name":"Anne R.","full_name":"Kroo, Anne R.","last_name":"Kroo"},{"full_name":"Vlk, Marek","last_name":"Vlk","first_name":"Marek"},{"first_name":"Shanhui","last_name":"Fan","full_name":"Fan, Shanhui"},{"first_name":"Olav","full_name":"Solgaard, Olav","last_name":"Solgaard"}],"_id":"21693","status":"public","publication_status":"submitted","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"scopus_import":"1","type":"preprint","title":"Universal programmable and self-configuring optical filter","date_created":"2026-04-09T09:10:41Z","oa":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2025","article_number":"2501.11811","date_updated":"2026-04-13T11:04:49Z","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2501.11811"},{"article_processing_charge":"No","day":"26","author":[{"first_name":"Simo","last_name":"Pajovic","full_name":"Pajovic, Simo"},{"first_name":"Charles","id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82","full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles","last_name":"Roques-Carmes"},{"full_name":"Choi, Seou","last_name":"Choi","first_name":"Seou"},{"first_name":"Steven E.","last_name":"Kooi","full_name":"Kooi, Steven E."},{"first_name":"Rajiv","full_name":"Gupta, Rajiv","last_name":"Gupta"},{"last_name":"Zalis","full_name":"Zalis, Michael E.","first_name":"Michael E."},{"first_name":"Ivan","full_name":"Čelanović, Ivan","last_name":"Čelanović"},{"last_name":"Soljačić","full_name":"Soljačić, Marin","first_name":"Marin"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.20946","open_access":"1"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Pajovic, Simo, Charles Roques-Carmes, Seou Choi, Steven E. Kooi, Rajiv Gupta, Michael E. Zalis, Ivan Čelanović, and Marin Soljačić. “Nanophotonic Thermal Management in X-Ray Tubes.” ArXiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.20946.","ama":"Pajovic S, Roques-Carmes C, Choi S, et al. Nanophotonic thermal management in X-ray tubes. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2503.20946","ieee":"S. Pajovic et al., “Nanophotonic thermal management in X-ray tubes,” arXiv. .","mla":"Pajovic, Simo, et al. “Nanophotonic Thermal Management in X-Ray Tubes.” ArXiv, 2503.20946, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2503.20946.","apa":"Pajovic, S., Roques-Carmes, C., Choi, S., Kooi, S. E., Gupta, R., Zalis, M. E., … Soljačić, M. (n.d.). Nanophotonic thermal management in X-ray tubes. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.20946","ista":"Pajovic S, Roques-Carmes C, Choi S, Kooi SE, Gupta R, Zalis ME, Čelanović I, Soljačić M. Nanophotonic thermal management in X-ray tubes. arXiv, 2503.20946.","short":"S. Pajovic, C. Roques-Carmes, S. Choi, S.E. Kooi, R. Gupta, M.E. Zalis, I. Čelanović, M. Soljačić, ArXiv (n.d.)."},"OA_type":"green","oa_version":"Preprint","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In X-ray tubes, more than 99% of the kilowatts of power supplied to generate X-rays via bremsstrahlung are lost in the form of heat generation in the anode. Therefore, thermal management is a critical barrier to the development of more powerful X-ray tubes with higher brightness and spatial coherence, which are needed to translate imaging modalities such as phase-contrast imaging to the clinic. In rotating anode X-ray tubes, the most common design, thermal radiation is a bottleneck that prevents efficient cooling of the anode$\\unicode{x2014}$the hottest part of the device by far. We predict that nanophotonically patterning the anode of an X-ray tube enhances heat dissipation via thermal radiation, enabling it to operate at higher powers without increasing in temperature. The focal spot size, which is related to the spatial coherence of generated X-rays, can also be made smaller at a constant temperature. A major advantage of our \"nanophotonic thermal management\" approach is that in principle, it allows for complete control over the spectrum and direction of thermal radiation, which can lead to optimal thermal routing and improved performance."}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2503.20946"]},"date_published":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","extern":"1","OA_place":"repository","month":"03","publication":"arXiv","year":"2025","article_number":"2503.20946","date_updated":"2026-04-13T11:02:19Z","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2503.20946","oa":1,"date_created":"2026-04-09T09:10:41Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Nanophotonic thermal management in X-ray tubes","type":"preprint","arxiv":1,"scopus_import":"1","_id":"21694","status":"public","publication_status":"submitted"},{"citation":{"mla":"Grzesik, Jakob M., et al. “Quantum Sensing of Electron Beams Using Solid-State Spins.” ArXiv, 2508.13112, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2508.13112.","apa":"Grzesik, J. M., Catanzaro, D., Roques-Carmes, C., Rosenthal, E. I., Stolpe, G. L. van de, Karnieli, A., … Vučković, J. (n.d.). Quantum sensing of electron beams using solid-state spins. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.13112","short":"J.M. Grzesik, D. Catanzaro, C. Roques-Carmes, E.I. Rosenthal, G.L. van de Stolpe, A. Karnieli, G. Scuri, S. Biswas, K.J. Leedle, D.S. Black, R.L. Byer, I. Kaminer, R.J. England, S. Fan, O. Solgaard, J. Vučković, ArXiv (n.d.).","ista":"Grzesik JM, Catanzaro D, Roques-Carmes C, Rosenthal EI, Stolpe GL van de, Karnieli A, Scuri G, Biswas S, Leedle KJ, Black DS, Byer RL, Kaminer I, England RJ, Fan S, Solgaard O, Vučković J. Quantum sensing of electron beams using solid-state spins. arXiv, 2508.13112.","ama":"Grzesik JM, Catanzaro D, Roques-Carmes C, et al. Quantum sensing of electron beams using solid-state spins. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2508.13112","chicago":"Grzesik, Jakob M., Dominic Catanzaro, Charles Roques-Carmes, Eric I. Rosenthal, Guido L. van de Stolpe, Aviv Karnieli, Giovanni Scuri, et al. “Quantum Sensing of Electron Beams Using Solid-State Spins.” ArXiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.13112.","ieee":"J. M. Grzesik et al., “Quantum sensing of electron beams using solid-state spins,” arXiv. ."},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.13112","open_access":"1"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","OA_type":"green","day":"18","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"last_name":"Grzesik","full_name":"Grzesik, Jakob M.","first_name":"Jakob M."},{"last_name":"Catanzaro","full_name":"Catanzaro, Dominic","first_name":"Dominic"},{"full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles","last_name":"Roques-Carmes","first_name":"Charles","id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82"},{"last_name":"Rosenthal","full_name":"Rosenthal, Eric I.","first_name":"Eric I."},{"first_name":"Guido L. van de","last_name":"Stolpe","full_name":"Stolpe, Guido L. van de"},{"first_name":"Aviv","last_name":"Karnieli","full_name":"Karnieli, Aviv"},{"first_name":"Giovanni","full_name":"Scuri, Giovanni","last_name":"Scuri"},{"last_name":"Biswas","full_name":"Biswas, Souvik","first_name":"Souvik"},{"full_name":"Leedle, Kenneth J.","last_name":"Leedle","first_name":"Kenneth J."},{"first_name":"Dylan S.","full_name":"Black, Dylan S.","last_name":"Black"},{"first_name":"Robert L.","last_name":"Byer","full_name":"Byer, Robert L."},{"first_name":"Ido","last_name":"Kaminer","full_name":"Kaminer, Ido"},{"last_name":"England","full_name":"England, R. Joel","first_name":"R. Joel"},{"full_name":"Fan, Shanhui","last_name":"Fan","first_name":"Shanhui"},{"first_name":"Olav","last_name":"Solgaard","full_name":"Solgaard, Olav"},{"first_name":"Jelena","full_name":"Vučković, Jelena","last_name":"Vučković"}],"extern":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2508.13112"]},"date_published":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","publication":"arXiv","month":"08","OA_place":"repository","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Scattering experiments with energetic particles, such as free electrons, have been historically used to reveal the quantum structure of matter. However, realizing coherent interactions between free-electron beams and solid-state quantum systems has remained out of reach, owing to their intrinsically weak coupling. Realizing such coherent control would open up opportunities for hybrid quantum platforms combining free electrons and solid-state qubits for coincident quantum information processing and nanoscale sensing. Here, we present a framework that employs negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV-) in diamond as quantum sensors of a bunched electron beam. We develop a Lindblad master equation description of the magnetic free-electron--qubit interactions and identify spin relaxometry as a sensitive probe of the interaction. Experimentally, we integrate a confocal fluorescence microscopy setup into a microwave-bunched electron beam line. We monitor charge-state dynamics and assess their impact on key sensing performance metrics (such as spin readout contrast), defining safe operating parameters for quantum sensing experiments. By performing $T_1$ relaxometry under controlled electron beam exposure, we establish an upper bound on the free-electron--spin coupling strength. Our results establish NV- centers as quantitative probes of free electrons, providing a metrological benchmark for free-electron--qubit coupling under realistic conditions, and chart a route toward solid-state quantum control with electron beams."}],"date_created":"2026-04-09T09:10:41Z","oa":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2025","article_number":"2508.13112","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2508.13112","date_updated":"2026-04-13T09:49:00Z","_id":"21695","publication_status":"submitted","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Quantum sensing of electron beams using solid-state spins","arxiv":1,"scopus_import":"1","type":"preprint"},{"date_created":"2026-04-09T09:10:41Z","oa":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_number":"2509.12059","year":"2025","date_updated":"2026-04-13T11:01:05Z","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2509.12059","_id":"21696","status":"public","publication_status":"submitted","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","title":"Programmable optical filters based on feed-forward photonic meshes","arxiv":1,"type":"preprint","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.12059"}],"citation":{"ieee":"C. G. Valdez et al., “Programmable optical filters based on feed-forward photonic meshes,” arXiv. .","chicago":"Valdez, Carson G., Anne R. Kroo, Marek Vlk, Charles Roques-Carmes, Shanhui Fan, David A. B. Miller, and Olav Solgaard. “Programmable Optical Filters Based on Feed-Forward Photonic Meshes.” ArXiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.12059.","ama":"Valdez CG, Kroo AR, Vlk M, et al. Programmable optical filters based on feed-forward photonic meshes. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2509.12059","ista":"Valdez CG, Kroo AR, Vlk M, Roques-Carmes C, Fan S, Miller DAB, Solgaard O. Programmable optical filters based on feed-forward photonic meshes. arXiv, 2509.12059.","short":"C.G. Valdez, A.R. Kroo, M. Vlk, C. Roques-Carmes, S. Fan, D.A.B. Miller, O. Solgaard, ArXiv (n.d.).","mla":"Valdez, Carson G., et al. “Programmable Optical Filters Based on Feed-Forward Photonic Meshes.” ArXiv, 2509.12059, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2509.12059.","apa":"Valdez, C. G., Kroo, A. R., Vlk, M., Roques-Carmes, C., Fan, S., Miller, D. A. B., & Solgaard, O. (n.d.). Programmable optical filters based on feed-forward photonic meshes. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.12059"},"OA_type":"green","oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"15","author":[{"first_name":"Carson G.","full_name":"Valdez, Carson G.","last_name":"Valdez"},{"first_name":"Anne R.","full_name":"Kroo, Anne R.","last_name":"Kroo"},{"first_name":"Marek","last_name":"Vlk","full_name":"Vlk, Marek"},{"full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles","last_name":"Roques-Carmes","first_name":"Charles","id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82"},{"last_name":"Fan","full_name":"Fan, Shanhui","first_name":"Shanhui"},{"first_name":"David A. B.","full_name":"Miller, David A. B.","last_name":"Miller"},{"last_name":"Solgaard","full_name":"Solgaard, Olav","first_name":"Olav"}],"date_published":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2509.12059"]},"extern":"1","OA_place":"repository","publication":"arXiv","month":"09","abstract":[{"text":"We demonstrate an integrated photonic circuit based on feed forward photonic meshes that can be programmed and reconfigured to perform arbitrary spectral filter functions. We investigate a subset of the available filter functions, demonstrating that a N = 4 input triangular mesh with M = 3 layers may be operated via self-configuration algorithms to filter M arbitrary wavelengths from a given input spectrum. The tunable nature of the architecture enables preconfigured filter functions to be swept in the spectral domain continuously over the free spectral range of the device. This removes any strict requirements between the design parameters of the architecture and the center wavelength of a desired filter function. With this architecture, we experimentally demonstrate arbitrary wavelength rejection filters with contrasts as deep as 40 dB. Further, by intentionally selecting the center wavelengths of each filter function to lie along a wavelength grid we demonstrate deep wavelength division demultiplexing (DWDM) with inter-channel crosstalk between -25 dB and -40 dB. Unlike typical DWDM systems, in this architecture the center wavelength of each channel is not fixed at fabrication and instead may be swept or reordered arbitrarily. This device demonstrates advantages over typical methods for DWDM, Raman spectroscopy, and correlation spectroscopy as well as other applications.","lang":"eng"}]},{"_id":"21697","publication_status":"submitted","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"preprint","arxiv":1,"title":"Variational processing of multimode squeezed light","scopus_import":"1","oa":1,"date_created":"2026-04-09T09:10:41Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2025","article_number":"2509.16753","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2509.16753","date_updated":"2026-04-13T11:00:05Z","extern":"1","date_published":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2509.16753"]},"month":"09","publication":"arXiv","OA_place":"repository","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Integrated multimode quantum optics is a promising platform for scalable continuous-variable quantum technologies leveraging multimode squeezing in both the spatial and spectral domains. However, on-chip measurement, routing and processing the relevant ``supermodes'' over which the squeezing resource is distributed still scales quadratically with the number of modes $N$, causing rapid increase in photonic circuit size and number of required measurements. Here, we introduce a variational scheme, relying on self-configuring photonic networks (SCN) that learns and extracts the most-squeezed supermodes sequentially, reducing both the circuit size and the experimental overhead. Using homodyne measurement as a cost function, a sparse SCN discovers the $l\\ll N$ most significant supermodes using $O(lN)$ physical elements and optimization steps. We analyze and numerically simulate these architectures for both real-space and frequency-domain implementations, showing a fidelity close to unity between the learned circuit and the supermode decomposition, even in the presence of optical losses and detection noise. In the frequency domain, we show that circuit size can be further reduced by using inverse-designed surrogate networks, which emulate the layers learned thus far. Using two different frequency encoding schemes -- uniformly- and non-uniformly-spaced frequency bins -- we reduce an entire network (learning all $N$ supermodes) to $O(N)$ and even $O(1)$ modulated cavities. Our results point toward chip-scale, resource-efficient quantum processing units and demultiplexers for continuous variable processing in multimode quantum optics, with applications ranging from quantum communication, metrology, and computation."}],"citation":{"ama":"Karnieli A, Mor P-A, Roques-Carmes C, et al. Variational processing of multimode squeezed light. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2509.16753","chicago":"Karnieli, Aviv, Paul-Alexis Mor, Charles Roques-Carmes, Eran Lustig, Jamison Sloan, Jelena Vučković, David A. B. Miller, and Shanhui Fan. “Variational Processing of Multimode Squeezed Light.” ArXiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.16753.","ieee":"A. Karnieli et al., “Variational processing of multimode squeezed light,” arXiv. .","mla":"Karnieli, Aviv, et al. “Variational Processing of Multimode Squeezed Light.” ArXiv, 2509.16753, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2509.16753.","apa":"Karnieli, A., Mor, P.-A., Roques-Carmes, C., Lustig, E., Sloan, J., Vučković, J., … Fan, S. (n.d.). Variational processing of multimode squeezed light. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.16753","ista":"Karnieli A, Mor P-A, Roques-Carmes C, Lustig E, Sloan J, Vučković J, Miller DAB, Fan S. Variational processing of multimode squeezed light. arXiv, 2509.16753.","short":"A. Karnieli, P.-A. Mor, C. Roques-Carmes, E. Lustig, J. Sloan, J. Vučković, D.A.B. Miller, S. Fan, ArXiv (n.d.)."},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.16753","open_access":"1"}],"OA_type":"green","oa_version":"Preprint","day":"20","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"first_name":"Aviv","last_name":"Karnieli","full_name":"Karnieli, Aviv"},{"full_name":"Mor, Paul-Alexis","last_name":"Mor","first_name":"Paul-Alexis"},{"id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82","first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Roques-Carmes","full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles"},{"first_name":"Eran","full_name":"Lustig, Eran","last_name":"Lustig"},{"first_name":"Jamison","last_name":"Sloan","full_name":"Sloan, Jamison"},{"first_name":"Jelena","full_name":"Vučković, Jelena","last_name":"Vučković"},{"full_name":"Miller, David A. B.","last_name":"Miller","first_name":"David A. B."},{"first_name":"Shanhui","last_name":"Fan","full_name":"Fan, Shanhui"}]},{"month":"12","OA_place":"publisher","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","intvolume":" 161","citation":{"ieee":"M. A. Kwan and L. Sauermann, “Resolution of the quadratic Littlewood–Offord problem,” Compositio Mathematica, vol. 161, no. 12. Cambridge University Press, pp. 3089–3139, 2025.","ama":"Kwan MA, Sauermann L. Resolution of the quadratic Littlewood–Offord problem. Compositio Mathematica. 2025;161(12):3089-3139. doi:10.1112/S0010437X25102789","chicago":"Kwan, Matthew Alan, and Lisa Sauermann. “Resolution of the Quadratic Littlewood–Offord Problem.” Compositio Mathematica. Cambridge University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1112/S0010437X25102789.","short":"M.A. Kwan, L. Sauermann, Compositio Mathematica 161 (2025) 3089–3139.","ista":"Kwan MA, Sauermann L. 2025. Resolution of the quadratic Littlewood–Offord problem. Compositio Mathematica. 161(12), 3089–3139.","apa":"Kwan, M. A., & Sauermann, L. (2025). Resolution of the quadratic Littlewood–Offord problem. Compositio Mathematica. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1112/S0010437X25102789","mla":"Kwan, Matthew Alan, and Lisa Sauermann. “Resolution of the Quadratic Littlewood–Offord Problem.” Compositio Mathematica, vol. 161, no. 12, Cambridge University Press, 2025, pp. 3089–139, doi:10.1112/S0010437X25102789."},"has_accepted_license":"1","quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"hybrid","volume":161,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","page":"3089-3139","corr_author":"1","_id":"21706","status":"public","file_date_updated":"2026-05-04T09:41:25Z","department":[{"_id":"MaKw"}],"ddc":["510"],"scopus_import":"1","arxiv":1,"oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-05-04T09:42:57Z","date_published":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","file":[{"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"21787","file_name":"2025_CompositioMath_Kwan.pdf","checksum":"bd3415bb435da9d0b39f6f9a18c61abb","file_size":858727,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-05-04T09:41:25Z","success":1,"date_updated":"2026-05-04T09:41:25Z","creator":"dernst"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2312.13826"]},"publication":"Compositio Mathematica","abstract":[{"text":"Consider a quadratic polynomial Q(ξ1, . . . , ξn) of independent Rademacher random variables ξ1, . . . , ξn. To what extent can Q(ξ1, . . . , ξn) concentrate on a single value? This quadratic version of the classical Littlewood–Offord problem was popularised by Costello, Tao and Vu in their study of symmetric random matrices. In this paper, we obtain an essentially optimal bound for this problem, as conjectured by Nguyen and Vu. Specifically, if Q(ξ1, . . . , ξn) ‘robustly depends on at least m of the ξi’ in the sense that there is no way to pin down the value of Q(ξ1, . . . , ξn) by fixing values for fewer than m of the variables ξi, then we have Pr[Q(ξ1, . . . , ξn) = 0] ≤ O(1/√m). This also implies a similar result in the case where ξ1, . . . , ξn have arbitrary distributions. Our proof combines a number of ideas that may be of independent interest, including an inductive decoupling scheme that reduces quadratic anticoncentration problems\r\nto high-dimensional linear anticoncentration problems. Also, one application of our main result is the resolution of a conjecture of Alon, Hefetz, Krivelevich and Tyomkyn related to graph inducibility. ","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"12","oa_version":"Published Version","PlanS_conform":"1","day":"01","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-4003-7567","first_name":"Matthew Alan","id":"5fca0887-a1db-11eb-95d1-ca9d5e0453b3","full_name":"Kwan, Matthew Alan","last_name":"Kwan"},{"first_name":"Lisa","full_name":"Sauermann, Lisa","last_name":"Sauermann"}],"article_type":"original","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","title":"Resolution of the quadratic Littlewood–Offord problem","project":[{"name":"Randomness and structure in combinatorics","grant_number":"101076777","_id":"bd95085b-d553-11ed-ba76-e55d3349be45"}],"date_created":"2026-04-12T22:01:48Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0010-437X"],"eissn":["1570-5846"]},"year":"2025","acknowledgement":"We would like to thank the anonymous referee for a number of helpful comments and suggestions. Matthew Kwan was supported by ERC Starting Grant “RANDSTRUCT” No. 101076777. Lisa Sauermann was supported in part by NSF Award DMS-2100157 and a Sloan Research Fellowship, and in part by the DFG Heisenberg Program.","doi":"10.1112/S0010437X25102789"},{"quality_controlled":"1","volume":996,"OA_type":"gold","citation":{"short":"M.E. Lee, Z. Haiman, S. Pandey, S. Genel, The Astrophysical Journal 996 (2025).","ista":"Lee ME, Haiman Z, Pandey S, Genel S. 2025. The effect of intrinsic alignments on weak-lensing statistics in hydrodynamical simulations. The Astrophysical Journal. 996(1), 36.","apa":"Lee, M. E., Haiman, Z., Pandey, S., & Genel, S. (2025). The effect of intrinsic alignments on weak-lensing statistics in hydrodynamical simulations. The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae1ca7","mla":"Lee, Max E., et al. “The Effect of Intrinsic Alignments on Weak-Lensing Statistics in Hydrodynamical Simulations.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 996, no. 1, 36, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae1ca7.","ieee":"M. E. Lee, Z. Haiman, S. Pandey, and S. Genel, “The effect of intrinsic alignments on weak-lensing statistics in hydrodynamical simulations,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 996, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2025.","chicago":"Lee, Max E., Zoltán Haiman, Shivam Pandey, and Shy Genel. “The Effect of Intrinsic Alignments on Weak-Lensing Statistics in Hydrodynamical Simulations.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae1ca7.","ama":"Lee ME, Haiman Z, Pandey S, Genel S. The effect of intrinsic alignments on weak-lensing statistics in hydrodynamical simulations. The Astrophysical Journal. 2025;996(1). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae1ca7"},"has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","month":"12","OA_place":"publisher","intvolume":" 996","publisher":"IOP Publishing","oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-04-13T08:30:52Z","status":"public","_id":"21724","arxiv":1,"scopus_import":"1","department":[{"_id":"ZoHa"}],"file_date_updated":"2026-04-13T08:20:16Z","ddc":["520"],"oa_version":"Published Version","issue":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Max E.","last_name":"Lee","full_name":"Lee, Max E."},{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","orcid":"0000-0003-3633-5403"},{"first_name":"Shivam","last_name":"Pandey","full_name":"Pandey, Shivam"},{"first_name":"Shy","last_name":"Genel","full_name":"Genel, Shy"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","day":"23","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","external_id":{"arxiv":["2504.12460"]},"file":[{"creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2026-04-13T08:20:16Z","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-04-13T08:20:16Z","success":1,"file_size":4122087,"checksum":"0d8fa05617420230eac39944b36839e9","file_id":"21732","file_name":"2025_AstrophysicalJournal_Lee.pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file"}],"date_published":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"The next generation of weak-gravitational-lensing surveys has the potential to place stringent constraints on cosmological parameters. However, their analysis is limited by systematics such as the intrinsic alignments of galaxies, which alter weak-lensing convergence and can lead to biases in cosmological parameter estimations. For the first time, in this work, we investigate the impact of intrinsic alignments on non-Gaussian statistics of the weak-lensing field using galaxy shapes derived from the IllustrisTNG hydrodynamical simulation. We create two catalogs of ray-traced convergence maps: one that includes the measured intrinsic shape of each galaxy and another where all galaxies are randomly rotated to eliminate intrinsic alignments. We compare a range of weak-lensing statistics between the two catalogs, including the shear–shear correlation function, the map-level angular power spectrum, one-point, peak count, and minimum distribution functions, and Minkowski functionals. For each statistic, we assess the level of statistical distinguishability between catalogs for a set of future survey angular areas. Our results reveal strong small-scale correlation in the alignment of galaxies and statistically significant boosts in weak-lensing convergence in both positive and negative directions for high-significance peaks and minima, respectively. We note that our analysis is at a fixed number density of ˜ 5 arcmin^-2, drawn from a single realization of initial conditions, and does not include observational uncertainties or supersample covariance contributions. Weak-lensing analyses utilizing non-Gaussian statistics must account for intrinsic alignments to avoid significantly compromised cosmological inferences.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2026-04-12T22:01:52Z","acknowledgement":"We thank Fulvio Ferlito, Ana Maria Delgado, and Ken Osato for helpful conversations during this work. M.E.L. is supported by NSF grant DGE-2036197. Z.H. acknowledges financial support from NASA ATP grant 80NSSC24K1093. The Flatiron Institute is supported by the Simons Foundation.","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ae1ca7","article_number":"36","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X"],"eissn":["1538-4357"]},"year":"2025","publication_status":"published","DOAJ_listed":"1","article_type":"original","title":"The effect of intrinsic alignments on weak-lensing statistics in hydrodynamical simulations","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","DOAJ_listed":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"year":"2025","article_number":"86","acknowledgement":"The authors are deeply grateful to Antonello Calabrò for valuable insights on CLOUDY and pyCloudy, and for publicly sharing their SFG and AGN models, which were used as a reference to verify the consistency of our photoionization models. The authors also thank Adam Carnall for insightful input on bagpipes and for assistance with the implementation of the two-population model adopted in this work. Finally, they also thank Camilla Pacifici, Vasily Kokorev, and Cristian Vignali for their insightful discussions.\r\n\r\nThis work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with JWST programs GTO #1180, GO #1210, GTO#1283, GO #1963, GO #1895, GO# 3215, and GO#6511.\r\n\r\nThe authors acknowledge the FRESCO, JEMS, and #3215 teams led by co-PIs P. Oesch, C. C. Williams, M. Maseda, D. Eisenstein, and R. Maiolino for developing their observing program with a zero-exclusive-access period. Processing for the JADES NIRCam data release was performed on the lux cluster at the University of California, Santa Cruz, funded by NSF MRI grant AST 1828315. Also based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 526555. The data presented in this article were obtained from MAST at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via doi: 10.17909/1rq3-8048 P. Oesch & D. Magee (2023), C. Williams et al. (2023), G. Illingworth (2015), and M. Rieke et al. (2023).\r\n\r\nA.J.B. acknowledges funding from the “FirstGalaxies” Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 789056).\r\n\r\nP.G.P.-G. acknowledges support from grant PID2022-139567NB-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, FEDER, UE.\r\n\r\nB.E.R. acknowledges support from the NIRCam Science Team contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015, and JWST Program 3215.\r\n\r\nS.T. acknowledges support by the Royal Society Research Grant G125142.\r\n\r\nThe research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.\r\n\r\nJ.W. gratefully acknowledges support from the Cosmic Dawn Center through the DAWN Fellowship. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140.\r\n\r\nY.Z., Z.J., and P.L. gratefully acknowledge the JWST/NIRCam contract to the University of Arizona NAS5-02015.\r\n\r\nThe work of G.H.R. and P.L. was also supported by grant 80NSSC18K0555, from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to the University of Arizona.\r\n\r\nH.Ü. acknowledges funding by the European Union (ERC APEX, 101164796). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.\r\n\r\nG.C.J. acknowledges support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), ERC Advanced grant 695671 “QUENCH.”\r\n\r\nA.C.G. acknowledges support by JWST contract B0215/JWST-GO-02926.\r\n\r\nG.O. acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA).\r\n\r\nH.I. acknowledges support from JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP21H01129.\r\n\r\nM.A. gratefully acknowledges support from ANID Basal Project FB210003 and ANID MILENIO NCN2024_112.\r\n\r\nT.D.S. acknowledges the research project was supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) under the “2nd Call for HFRI Research Projects to Support Faculty Members and Researchers” (project No.: 03382).\r\n\r\nR.M. acknowledges support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), by the ERC through Advanced grant 695671 “QUENCH,” and by the UKRI Frontier Research grant RISEandFALL. R.M. also acknowledges funding from a research professorship from the Royal Society.\r\n\r\nI.S. acknowledges funding from the Atraccíon de Talento grant No. 2022-T1/TIC-20472 of the Comunidad de Madrid, Spain, and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No. 101117541, DistantDust).\r\n\r\nK.I.C. acknowledges funding from the Dutch Research Council (NWO) through the award of the Vici grant VI.C.212.036.\r\n\r\nFacilities: HST - Hubble Space Telescope satellite, JWST. -\r\n\r\nSoftware: Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2022), Bagpipes (A. C. Carnall et al. 2019), MSAEXP (G. Brammer 2023) NumPy (C. R. Harris et al. 2020), pandas (The pandas development team 2024) Photutils (L. Bradley et al. 2016), TOPCAT (M. Taylor 2022).","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c","date_created":"2026-04-12T22:01:53Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"text":"We present a comprehensive analysis of the MIRI Extremely Red Object Virgil, a Lyα emitter at zspec = 6.6379 ± 0.0035 with the photometric properties of a Little Red Dot. Leveraging new JWST/MIRI imaging from the MIDIS and PAHSPECS programs, we confirm Virgil’s extraordinary nature among galaxies in JADES/GOODS-South, exhibiting a strikingly red NIRCam-to-MIRI color (F444W–F1500W = 2.84 ± 0.04 mag). Deep NIRSpec/PRISM spectroscopy from the OASIS program offers key insights into the host galaxy, revealing properties of an average star-forming galaxy during Cosmic Reionization, such as a subsolar metallicity, low-to-moderate dust content, and a relatively high ionization parameter and electron temperature. By estimating the star formation rate of Virgil from UV and Hα, we find evidence that the galaxy is either entering or fading out of a bursty episode. Although line-ratio diagnostics employed at high z would classify Virgil as an active galactic nucleus (AGN), this classification becomes ambiguous once redshift evolution is considered. Nonetheless, Virgil occupies the same parameter space as recently confirmed AGNs at similar redshifts. The new deep MIRI data at 15 μm reinforce the AGN nature of Virgil, as inferred from multiple spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes. Virgil’s rising infrared SED and UV excess resemble those of Dust-Obscured Galaxies (DOGs) studied with Spitzer at Cosmic Noon, particularly blue-excess HotDOGs. Our results highlight the need for a multiwavelength approach incorporating MIRI to uncover such extreme sources at z ≳ 6 and to shed light on the interplay between galaxy evolution and early black hole growth during Cosmic Reionization.","lang":"eng"}],"file":[{"date_updated":"2026-04-13T07:53:00Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":10298729,"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-04-13T07:53:00Z","checksum":"5d13b0ad3e9f56cbe29c5de0ba5757c8","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2025_AstrophysicalJournal_Rinaldi.pdf","file_id":"21731"}],"date_published":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","day":"20","PlanS_conform":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Rinaldi","full_name":"Rinaldi, Pierluigi","first_name":"Pierluigi"},{"first_name":"Pablo G.","full_name":"Pérez-González, Pablo G.","last_name":"Pérez-González"},{"last_name":"Rieke","full_name":"Rieke, George H.","first_name":"George H."},{"full_name":"Lyu, Jianwei","last_name":"Lyu","first_name":"Jianwei"},{"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"D’Eugenio","full_name":"D’Eugenio, Francesco"},{"last_name":"Wu","full_name":"Wu, Zihao","first_name":"Zihao"},{"last_name":"Carniani","full_name":"Carniani, Stefano","first_name":"Stefano"},{"full_name":"Looser, Tobias J.","last_name":"Looser","first_name":"Tobias J."},{"first_name":"Irene","last_name":"Shivaei","full_name":"Shivaei, Irene"},{"full_name":"Boogaard, Leindert A.","last_name":"Boogaard","first_name":"Leindert A."},{"last_name":"Diaz-Santos","full_name":"Diaz-Santos, Tanio","first_name":"Tanio"},{"last_name":"Colina","full_name":"Colina, Luis","first_name":"Luis"},{"last_name":"Östlin","full_name":"Östlin, Göran","first_name":"Göran"},{"full_name":"Alberts, Stacey","last_name":"Alberts","first_name":"Stacey"},{"last_name":"Álvarez-Márquez","full_name":"Álvarez-Márquez, Javier","first_name":"Javier"},{"last_name":"Annuziatella","full_name":"Annuziatella, Marianna","first_name":"Marianna"},{"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Aravena","full_name":"Aravena, Manuel"},{"first_name":"Rachana","full_name":"Bhatawdekar, Rachana","last_name":"Bhatawdekar"},{"full_name":"Bunker, Andrew J.","last_name":"Bunker","first_name":"Andrew J."},{"first_name":"Karina I.","full_name":"Caputi, Karina I.","last_name":"Caputi"},{"first_name":"Stéphane","last_name":"Charlot","full_name":"Charlot, Stéphane"},{"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"Crespo Gómez","full_name":"Crespo Gómez, Alejandro"},{"last_name":"Curti","full_name":"Curti, Mirko","first_name":"Mirko"},{"last_name":"Eckart","full_name":"Eckart, Andreas","first_name":"Andreas"},{"first_name":"Steven","full_name":"Gillman, Steven","last_name":"Gillman"},{"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Hainline","full_name":"Hainline, Kevin"},{"first_name":"Nimisha","last_name":"Kumari","full_name":"Kumari, Nimisha"},{"full_name":"Hjorth, Jens","last_name":"Hjorth","first_name":"Jens"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8386-3546","full_name":"Iani, Edoardo","last_name":"Iani","first_name":"Edoardo","id":"4053390a-6b68-11ef-9828-a3b8adef8d0a"},{"full_name":"Inami, Hanae","last_name":"Inami","first_name":"Hanae"},{"full_name":"Ji, Zhiyuan","last_name":"Ji","first_name":"Zhiyuan"},{"first_name":"Benjamin D.","last_name":"Johnson","full_name":"Johnson, Benjamin D."},{"first_name":"Gareth C.","full_name":"Jones, Gareth C.","last_name":"Jones"},{"first_name":"Álvaro","full_name":"Labiano, Álvaro","last_name":"Labiano"},{"last_name":"Maiolino","full_name":"Maiolino, Roberto","first_name":"Roberto"},{"full_name":"Melinder, Jens","last_name":"Melinder","first_name":"Jens"},{"last_name":"Moutard","full_name":"Moutard, Thibaud","first_name":"Thibaud"},{"last_name":"Peissker","full_name":"Peissker, Florian","first_name":"Florian"},{"full_name":"Rieke, Marcia","last_name":"Rieke","first_name":"Marcia"},{"first_name":"Brant","last_name":"Robertson","full_name":"Robertson, Brant"},{"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Scholtz","full_name":"Scholtz, Jan"},{"first_name":"Sandro","full_name":"Tacchella, Sandro","last_name":"Tacchella"},{"full_name":"Van Der Werf, Paul P.","last_name":"Van Der Werf","first_name":"Paul P."},{"full_name":"Walter, Fabian","last_name":"Walter","first_name":"Fabian"},{"full_name":"Williams, Christina C.","last_name":"Williams","first_name":"Christina C."},{"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Willott","full_name":"Willott, Chris"},{"first_name":"Joris","last_name":"Witstok","full_name":"Witstok, Joris"},{"full_name":"Übler, Hannah","last_name":"Übler","first_name":"Hannah"},{"first_name":"Yongda","full_name":"Zhu, Yongda","last_name":"Zhu"}],"issue":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","ddc":["520"],"file_date_updated":"2026-04-13T07:53:00Z","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"scopus_import":"1","_id":"21727","status":"public","date_updated":"2026-04-13T07:54:11Z","oa":1,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","intvolume":" 994","OA_place":"publisher","month":"11","article_processing_charge":"Yes","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"mla":"Rinaldi, Pierluigi, et al. “Deciphering the Nature of Virgil: An Obscured Active Galactic Nucleus Lurking within an Apparently Normal Lyα Emitter during Cosmic Reionization.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 994, no. 1, 86, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c.","apa":"Rinaldi, P., Pérez-González, P. G., Rieke, G. H., Lyu, J., D’Eugenio, F., Wu, Z., … Zhu, Y. (2025). Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization. The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c","short":"P. Rinaldi, P.G. Pérez-González, G.H. Rieke, J. Lyu, F. D’Eugenio, Z. Wu, S. Carniani, T.J. Looser, I. Shivaei, L.A. Boogaard, T. Diaz-Santos, L. Colina, G. Östlin, S. Alberts, J. Álvarez-Márquez, M. Annuziatella, M. Aravena, R. Bhatawdekar, A.J. Bunker, K.I. Caputi, S. Charlot, A. Crespo Gómez, M. Curti, A. Eckart, S. Gillman, K. Hainline, N. Kumari, J. Hjorth, E. Iani, H. Inami, Z. Ji, B.D. Johnson, G.C. Jones, Á. Labiano, R. Maiolino, J. Melinder, T. Moutard, F. Peissker, M. Rieke, B. Robertson, J. Scholtz, S. Tacchella, P.P. Van Der Werf, F. Walter, C.C. Williams, C. Willott, J. Witstok, H. Übler, Y. Zhu, The Astrophysical Journal 994 (2025).","ista":"Rinaldi P, Pérez-González PG, Rieke GH, Lyu J, D’Eugenio F, Wu Z, Carniani S, Looser TJ, Shivaei I, Boogaard LA, Diaz-Santos T, Colina L, Östlin G, Alberts S, Álvarez-Márquez J, Annuziatella M, Aravena M, Bhatawdekar R, Bunker AJ, Caputi KI, Charlot S, Crespo Gómez A, Curti M, Eckart A, Gillman S, Hainline K, Kumari N, Hjorth J, Iani E, Inami H, Ji Z, Johnson BD, Jones GC, Labiano Á, Maiolino R, Melinder J, Moutard T, Peissker F, Rieke M, Robertson B, Scholtz J, Tacchella S, Van Der Werf PP, Walter F, Williams CC, Willott C, Witstok J, Übler H, Zhu Y. 2025. Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization. The Astrophysical Journal. 994(1), 86.","ama":"Rinaldi P, Pérez-González PG, Rieke GH, et al. Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization. The Astrophysical Journal. 2025;994(1). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c","chicago":"Rinaldi, Pierluigi, Pablo G. Pérez-González, George H. Rieke, Jianwei Lyu, Francesco D’Eugenio, Zihao Wu, Stefano Carniani, et al. “Deciphering the Nature of Virgil: An Obscured Active Galactic Nucleus Lurking within an Apparently Normal Lyα Emitter during Cosmic Reionization.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c.","ieee":"P. Rinaldi et al., “Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 994, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2025."},"volume":994,"quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"gold"},{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2026-04-26T22:01:48Z","doi":"10.4064/aa241029-19-8","acknowledgement":"The author would like to thank Tim Browning, Jakob Glas and Simon Rydin Myerson for useful suggestions and conversations. Finally, he would like to thank the anonymous referees for their helpful comments. The author was supported by the NWO Veni Grant 016.Veni.192.047 during his time at Utrecht University and by the FWF grant P 36278 at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria while working on this article.","keyword":["Diophantine equations","homogeneous forms"],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1730-6264"],"issn":["0065-1036"]},"year":"2025","publication_status":"published","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","title":"Birch’s theorem on forms in many variables with a Hessian condition","project":[{"_id":"bd8a4fdc-d553-11ed-ba76-80a0167441a3","grant_number":"P36278","name":"Rational curves via function field analytic number theory"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2304.02620","open_access":"1"}],"issue":"2","author":[{"last_name":"Yamagishi","full_name":"Yamagishi, Shuntaro","id":"0c3fbc5c-f7a6-11ec-8d70-9485e75b416b","first_name":"Shuntaro"}],"day":"28","publication":"Acta Arithmetica","external_id":{"arxiv":["2304.02620"]},"date_published":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Let F∈Z[x1,…,xn] be a homogeneous form of degree d≥2, and V∗F the singular locus of the hypersurface {x∈AnC:F(x)=0}. A longstanding result of Birch states that there is a non-trivial integral solution to the equation F(x1,…,xn)=0 provided n>dimV∗F+(d−1)2d, and there is a non-singular solution in R and Qp for all primes p. We give a different formulation of this result. More precisely, we replace dimV∗F with a quantity HF defined in terms of the Hessian matrix of F. This quantity satisfies 0≤HF≤dimV∗F; therefore, we improve on the aforementioned result of Birch if HFActa Arithmetica. 2025;221(2):141-151. doi:10.4064/aa241029-19-8","chicago":"Yamagishi, Shuntaro. “Birch’s Theorem on Forms in Many Variables with a Hessian Condition.” Acta Arithmetica. Instytut Matematyczny, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4064/aa241029-19-8.","ieee":"S. Yamagishi, “Birch’s theorem on forms in many variables with a Hessian condition,” Acta Arithmetica, vol. 221, no. 2. Instytut Matematyczny, pp. 141–151, 2025.","mla":"Yamagishi, Shuntaro. “Birch’s Theorem on Forms in Many Variables with a Hessian Condition.” Acta Arithmetica, vol. 221, no. 2, Instytut Matematyczny, 2025, pp. 141–51, doi:10.4064/aa241029-19-8.","apa":"Yamagishi, S. (2025). Birch’s theorem on forms in many variables with a Hessian condition. Acta Arithmetica. Instytut Matematyczny. https://doi.org/10.4064/aa241029-19-8","ista":"Yamagishi S. 2025. Birch’s theorem on forms in many variables with a Hessian condition. Acta Arithmetica. 221(2), 141–151.","short":"S. Yamagishi, Acta Arithmetica 221 (2025) 141–151."},"page":"141-151","article_processing_charge":"No","month":"10","OA_place":"repository","intvolume":" 221","publisher":"Instytut Matematyczny"},{"publication":"arXiv","date_published":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2502.06560"]},"abstract":[{"text":"The recent surge in high-quality open-source Generative AI text models (colloquially: LLMs), as well as efficient finetuning techniques, have opened the possibility of creating high-quality personalized models that generate text attuned to a specific individual’s needs and are capable of credibly imitating their writing style by refining an open-source model with that person’s own data. The technology to create such models is accessible to private individuals, and training and running such models can be done cheaply on consumer-grade hardware. While these advancements are a huge gain for usability and privacy, this position paper argues that the practical feasibility of impersonating specific individuals also introduces novel safety risks. For instance, this technology enables the creation of phishing emails\r\nor fraudulent social media accounts, based on small amounts of publicly available text, or by the individuals themselves to escape AI text detection. We further argue that these risks are complementary to—and distinct from—the much-discussed risks of other impersonation attacks such as image, voice, or video deepfakes, and are not adequately addressed by the larger research community, or the current generation of open- and closed-source models.","lang":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2502.06560"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Eugenia B","id":"f9a17499-f6e0-11ea-865d-fdf9a3f77117","full_name":"Iofinova, Eugenia B","last_name":"Iofinova","orcid":"0000-0002-7778-3221"},{"first_name":"Andrej","last_name":"Jovanovic","full_name":"Jovanovic, Andrej"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-3650-940X","id":"4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Dan-Adrian","last_name":"Alistarh","full_name":"Alistarh, Dan-Adrian"}],"day":"02","publication_status":"draft","project":[{"_id":"8e35c14b-16d5-11f0-9cad-a3fc35339161","grant_number":"101158077","name":"FastML: Efficient and Cost-Effective Distributed Machine Learning"},{"name":"Vienna Graduate School on Computational Optimization","grant_number":"W1260-N35","_id":"9B9290DE-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"}],"type":"preprint","title":"Position: It's time to act on the risk of efficient personalized text generation","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","date_created":"2026-05-11T08:55:23Z","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources\r\nprovided by Scientific Computing (SciComp). EI was supported in part by the FWF DK VGSCO,\r\ngrant agreement number W1260-N35. AJ was supported in part by ERC Proof-of-Concept Grant\r\nFastML, grant agreement 101158077.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2502.06560","year":"2025","OA_place":"repository","month":"06","OA_type":"green","citation":{"chicago":"Iofinova, Eugenia B, Andrej Jovanovic, and Dan-Adrian Alistarh. “Position: It’s Time to Act on the Risk of Efficient Personalized Text Generation.” ArXiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2502.06560.","ama":"Iofinova EB, Jovanovic A, Alistarh D-A. Position: It’s time to act on the risk of efficient personalized text generation. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2502.06560","ieee":"E. B. Iofinova, A. Jovanovic, and D.-A. Alistarh, “Position: It’s time to act on the risk of efficient personalized text generation,” arXiv. .","mla":"Iofinova, Eugenia B., et al. “Position: It’s Time to Act on the Risk of Efficient Personalized Text Generation.” ArXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2502.06560.","apa":"Iofinova, E. B., Jovanovic, A., & Alistarh, D.-A. (n.d.). Position: It’s time to act on the risk of efficient personalized text generation. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2502.06560","short":"E.B. Iofinova, A. Jovanovic, D.-A. Alistarh, ArXiv (n.d.).","ista":"Iofinova EB, Jovanovic A, Alistarh D-A. Position: It’s time to act on the risk of efficient personalized text generation. arXiv, 10.48550/arXiv.2502.06560."},"article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","corr_author":"1","_id":"21858","arxiv":1,"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"DaAl"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"21854","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-05-19T11:20:27Z"},{"_id":"21885","corr_author":"1","publication_status":"published","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","type":"conference","title":"Neural Certificates","date_created":"2026-05-17T22:02:11Z","conference":{"end_date":"2025-09-25","name":"SYNASC: Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing","start_date":"2025-09-22","location":"Timisoara, Romania"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2470-881X"],"eisbn":["9798331590116"]},"year":"2025","doi":"10.1109/SYNASC69064.2025.00008","date_updated":"2026-05-18T08:34:15Z","date_published":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing","month":"10","publisher":"IEEE","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Symbolic datatypes have proved to be central for automated reasoning about dynamical systems. In its basic form, a symbolic datatype for a class of dynamical systems supports the representation of state and transition sets, boolean operations and emptiness checks on such sets, and the transformation of a state set by a transition set. Successful examples of symbolic datatypes include BDDs and SAT for reasoning about finitestate systems, as well as polyhedra and SMT for reasoning about discrete dynamical systems over multidimensional realvalued state spaces. Most automated verification engines are based on such symbolic datatypes."}],"citation":{"mla":"Henzinger, Thomas A. “Neural Certificates.” Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, IEEE, 2025, doi:10.1109/SYNASC69064.2025.00008.","apa":"Henzinger, T. A. (2025). Neural Certificates. In Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing. Timisoara, Romania: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SYNASC69064.2025.00008","short":"T.A. Henzinger, in:, Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, IEEE, 2025.","ista":"Henzinger TA. 2025. Neural Certificates. Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing. SYNASC: Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing.","chicago":"Henzinger, Thomas A. “Neural Certificates.” In Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing. IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/SYNASC69064.2025.00008.","ama":"Henzinger TA. Neural Certificates. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing. IEEE; 2025. doi:10.1109/SYNASC69064.2025.00008","ieee":"T. A. Henzinger, “Neural Certificates,” in Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing, Timisoara, Romania, 2025."},"oa_version":"None","OA_type":"closed access","quality_controlled":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","author":[{"id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Thomas A","last_name":"Henzinger","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724"}]},{"page":"520-528","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"hybrid","volume":641,"citation":{"ieee":"K. Schultz et al., “Snapshots of acyl carrier protein shuttling in human fatty acid synthase,” Nature, vol. 641, no. 8062. Springer Nature, pp. 520–528, 2025.","ama":"Schultz K, Costa-Pinheiro P, Gardner L, et al. Snapshots of acyl carrier protein shuttling in human fatty acid synthase. Nature. 2025;641(8062):520-528. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x","chicago":"Schultz, Kollin, Pedro Costa-Pinheiro, Lauren Gardner, Laura V. Pinheiro, Julio Ramirez-Solis, Sarah M. Gardner, Kathryn E. Wellen, and Ronen Marmorstein. “Snapshots of Acyl Carrier Protein Shuttling in Human Fatty Acid Synthase.” Nature. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x.","ista":"Schultz K, Costa-Pinheiro P, Gardner L, Pinheiro LV, Ramirez-Solis J, Gardner SM, Wellen KE, Marmorstein R. 2025. Snapshots of acyl carrier protein shuttling in human fatty acid synthase. Nature. 641(8062), 520–528.","short":"K. Schultz, P. Costa-Pinheiro, L. Gardner, L.V. Pinheiro, J. Ramirez-Solis, S.M. Gardner, K.E. Wellen, R. Marmorstein, Nature 641 (2025) 520–528.","apa":"Schultz, K., Costa-Pinheiro, P., Gardner, L., Pinheiro, L. V., Ramirez-Solis, J., Gardner, S. M., … Marmorstein, R. (2025). Snapshots of acyl carrier protein shuttling in human fatty acid synthase. Nature. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x","mla":"Schultz, Kollin, et al. “Snapshots of Acyl Carrier Protein Shuttling in Human Fatty Acid Synthase.” Nature, vol. 641, no. 8062, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 520–28, doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x."},"has_accepted_license":"1","intvolume":" 641","publisher":"Springer Nature","month":"05","OA_place":"publisher","extern":"1","date_updated":"2026-06-02T14:57:52Z","oa":1,"ddc":["572"],"status":"public","_id":"21912","author":[{"last_name":"Schultz","full_name":"Schultz, Kollin","first_name":"Kollin"},{"first_name":"Pedro","last_name":"Costa-Pinheiro","full_name":"Costa-Pinheiro, Pedro"},{"last_name":"Gardner","full_name":"Gardner, Lauren","id":"f9dedd98-6d15-11f0-88a5-a7b4143fdec5","first_name":"Lauren","orcid":"0009-0000-5733-1546"},{"last_name":"Pinheiro","full_name":"Pinheiro, Laura V.","first_name":"Laura V."},{"first_name":"Julio","last_name":"Ramirez-Solis","full_name":"Ramirez-Solis, Julio"},{"last_name":"Gardner","full_name":"Gardner, Sarah M.","first_name":"Sarah M."},{"last_name":"Wellen","full_name":"Wellen, Kathryn E.","first_name":"Kathryn E."},{"last_name":"Marmorstein","full_name":"Marmorstein, Ronen","first_name":"Ronen"}],"day":"08","pmid":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x"}],"issue":"8062","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The mammalian fatty acid synthase (FASN) enzyme is a dynamic multienzyme that belongs to the megasynthase family. In mammals, a single gene encodes six catalytically active domains and a flexibly tethered acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain that shuttles intermediates between active sites for fatty acid biosynthesis1. FASN is an essential enzyme in mammalian development through the role that fatty acids have in membrane formation, energy storage, cell signalling and protein modifications. Thus, FASN is a promising target for treatment of a large variety of diseases including cancer, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and viral and parasite infections2,3. The multi-faceted mechanism of FASN and the dynamic nature of the protein, in particular of the ACP, have made it challenging to understand at the molecular level. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of human FASN in a multitude of conformational states with NADPH and NADP+ plus acetoacetyl-CoA present, including structures with the ACP stalled at the dehydratase (DH) and enoyl-reductase (ER) domains. We show that FASN activity in vitro and de novo lipogenesis in cells is inhibited by mutations at the ACP–DH and ACP–ER interfaces. Together, these studies provide new molecular insights into the dynamic nature of FASN and the ACP shuttling mechanism, with implications for developing improved FASN-targeted therapeutics."}],"publication":"Nature","date_published":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"pmid":["39979457 "]},"doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x","year":"2025","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2026-05-24T08:25:19Z","type":"journal_article","title":"Snapshots of acyl carrier protein shuttling in human fatty acid synthase","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","article_type":"original"},{"status":"public","publication_status":"submitted","corr_author":"1","_id":"21920","project":[{"grant_number":"101041551","name":"Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits","_id":"ebb66355-77a9-11ec-83b8-b8ac210a4dae"},{"_id":"907b765e-16d5-11f0-9cad-fef108a945b1","name":"A Tale of Two Circuits: Rostrocaudal spinal cord patterning during the swim-to-limb transition of Xenopus metamorphosis","grant_number":"27229"}],"type":"preprint","title":"Innovations in spinal cord cell type heterogeneity across vertebrate evolution","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"LoSw"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","date_created":"2026-05-27T06:54:04Z","oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-05-27T07:25:41Z","doi":"10.1101/2025.10.09.680955","acknowledgement":"We would like to thank the members of the Sweeney Lab for discussion and support; Andrey\r\nBydanov for technical assistance with single-cell sequencing processing; and Jay Bikoff,\r\nNikos Konstantinides, Maria Tosches, and Graziana Gatto for comments on the manuscript. \r\nThis research was supported by: Horizon Europe ERC Starting Grant 101041551 (L.B.S,\r\nY.I., S.P.); Special Research Program (SFB) of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) F7814-B\r\n(L.B.S., S.P., E.M.T); Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE16 (L.B.S., Y.I., E.M.T.);\r\nAustrian Academy of Sciences DOC Fellowship 27229 (S.P.); ERC Advanced Grant 742046\r\n(E.M.T.); NIH award R24 OD031956 (L.P.); and in part by the Intramural Research\r\nProgram of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through 1ZIA NS003153 to A.J.L.\r\nThe contributions of the NIH author are considered Works of the United States\r\nGovernment. The findings and conclusions presented in this paper are those of\r\nthe authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NIH or the U.S. Department\r\nof Health and Human Services. ","year":"2025","OA_place":"repository","publication":"bioRxiv","month":"10","date_published":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Vertebrates display remarkable diversity of sensorimotor behaviors, each adapted to distinct ecological and survival demands. This diversity raises fundamental questions about the evolutionary origin of motor control: do conserved spinal circuits underlie these behaviors, and how have they diverged across species. Recent studies detail spinal cell-type architecture in mammals but comparable, high-resolution atlases of the non-mammalian spinal cord are lacking. Here, we compare spinal cord cell types between fish, frogs, mice and humans, spanning ∼450 million years of evolution. Across species, we define highly conserved programs of cell type specification that segregate spinal neurons into nearly identical cardinal classes during development. This contrasts with adult stages, when spinal cell-type composition selectively diverges for excitatory neuron subpopulations. Using spatial transcriptomics, we localize this species divergence to the superficial, dorsal spinal cord, where variant neuropeptide expression defines mammalian-specific cell types. The most dorsal spinal cord thus emerges as a recently evolved hub for sensory integration in mammals, a neospinal cord analogous to the neocortex."}],"oa_version":"Preprint","OA_type":"green","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.09.680955","open_access":"1"}],"citation":{"ieee":"Y. Ignatyev et al., “Innovations in spinal cord cell type heterogeneity across vertebrate evolution,” bioRxiv. .","ama":"Ignatyev Y, Papadopoulos S, Soretić M, et al. Innovations in spinal cord cell type heterogeneity across vertebrate evolution. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2025.10.09.680955","chicago":"Ignatyev, Yuri, Stavros Papadopoulos, Mateja Soretić, Jake Yeung, Tzi-Yang Lin, Elly M Tanaka, Leonid Peshkin, Ariel J Levine, Mariano I Gabitto, and Lora B. Sweeney. “Innovations in Spinal Cord Cell Type Heterogeneity across Vertebrate Evolution.” BioRxiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.09.680955.","short":"Y. Ignatyev, S. Papadopoulos, M. Soretić, J. Yeung, T.-Y. Lin, E.M. Tanaka, L. Peshkin, A.J. Levine, M.I. Gabitto, L.B. Sweeney, BioRxiv (n.d.).","ista":"Ignatyev Y, Papadopoulos S, Soretić M, Yeung J, Lin T-Y, Tanaka EM, Peshkin L, Levine AJ, Gabitto MI, Sweeney LB. Innovations in spinal cord cell type heterogeneity across vertebrate evolution. bioRxiv, 10.1101/2025.10.09.680955.","mla":"Ignatyev, Yuri, et al. “Innovations in Spinal Cord Cell Type Heterogeneity across Vertebrate Evolution.” BioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2025.10.09.680955.","apa":"Ignatyev, Y., Papadopoulos, S., Soretić, M., Yeung, J., Lin, T.-Y., Tanaka, E. M., … Sweeney, L. B. (n.d.). Innovations in spinal cord cell type heterogeneity across vertebrate evolution. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.09.680955"},"author":[{"first_name":"Yuri","last_name":"Ignatyev","full_name":"Ignatyev, Yuri"},{"last_name":"Papadopoulos","full_name":"Papadopoulos, Stavros","id":"40606b92-f128-11eb-9611-bf66a98cfa5c","first_name":"Stavros"},{"first_name":"Mateja","full_name":"Soretić, Mateja","last_name":"Soretić"},{"full_name":"Yeung, Jake","last_name":"Yeung","first_name":"Jake","id":"123012b2-db30-11eb-b4d8-a35840c0551b","orcid":"0000-0003-1732-1559"},{"last_name":"Lin","full_name":"Lin, Tzi-Yang","first_name":"Tzi-Yang"},{"last_name":"Tanaka","full_name":"Tanaka, Elly M","first_name":"Elly M"},{"first_name":"Leonid","full_name":"Peshkin, Leonid","last_name":"Peshkin"},{"first_name":"Ariel J","full_name":"Levine, Ariel J","last_name":"Levine"},{"first_name":"Mariano I","last_name":"Gabitto","full_name":"Gabitto, Mariano I"},{"id":"56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425","first_name":"Lora Beatrice Jaeger","last_name":"Sweeney","full_name":"Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger","orcid":"0000-0001-9242-5601"}],"day":"11","article_processing_charge":"No","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)"}}]