---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20009'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The suppression of recombination between young X and Y chromosomes is a crucial
step in their evolution, but why it occurs is not known. The detailed characterization
of the polymorphic sex chromosomes of the fourspine stickleback by Liu et al.
promises to shed new light on this longstanding question.
acknowledgement: I thank the Vicoso group for in-depth discussions of the original
article highlighted here. This work was supported by an Austrian Research Fund (FWF)
grant to B.V. (PAT 8748323).
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Beatriz
full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz
id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Vicoso
orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
citation:
ama: Vicoso B. Sex chromosome evolution in action in fourspine sticklebacks. Trends
in Ecology and Evolution. 2025;40(8):728-730. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2025.06.010
apa: Vicoso, B. (2025). Sex chromosome evolution in action in fourspine sticklebacks.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2025.06.010
chicago: Vicoso, Beatriz. “Sex Chromosome Evolution in Action in Fourspine Sticklebacks.”
Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Elsevier, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2025.06.010.
ieee: B. Vicoso, “Sex chromosome evolution in action in fourspine sticklebacks,”
Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 40, no. 8. Elsevier, pp. 728–730,
2025.
ista: Vicoso B. 2025. Sex chromosome evolution in action in fourspine sticklebacks.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 40(8), 728–730.
mla: Vicoso, Beatriz. “Sex Chromosome Evolution in Action in Fourspine Sticklebacks.”
Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 40, no. 8, Elsevier, 2025, pp. 728–30,
doi:10.1016/j.tree.2025.06.010.
short: B. Vicoso, Trends in Ecology and Evolution 40 (2025) 728–730.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-07-13T22:01:23Z
date_published: 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:22:29Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: BeVi
doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2025.06.010
external_id:
isi:
- '001550437400006'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 0a7c6e8600c878dac7082681e4409b50
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-12-30T09:21:14Z
date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:21:14Z
file_id: '20905'
file_name: 2025_TrendsEcoloEvolution_Vicoso.pdf
file_size: 699156
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:21:14Z
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intvolume: ' 40'
isi: 1
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 728-730
project:
- _id: 8ed82125-16d5-11f0-9cad-fbcae312235b
grant_number: PAT 8748323
name: Sex chromosomes in evolution and development
publication: Trends in Ecology and Evolution
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0169-5347
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Sex chromosome evolution in action in fourspine sticklebacks
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 40
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20010'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS), which refers to the ability of
chiral molecules to preferentially select spins during electron transfer, has
attracted great attention during the past two decades. However, the theoretical
and experimental understanding of the CISS effect remains preliminary. In this
study, we demonstrate that there is no distinguishable CISS effect in the case
of coherent electron transport through single chiral molecular junctions for a
set of four molecule studied here. Our conclusion is based on statistical evaluations
of thousands of single-molecule junctions across four different molecules with
different origins of chirality measured by the scanning tunneling microscope-based
break-junction technique. The experimental results for all molecules show no dependence
on external magnetic field or chirality in both conductance and current–voltage
measurements. In addition, ab initio Hartree-Fork calculations combined with the
nonequilibrium Green’s function method reveal that the spin–orbit coupling within
chiral junctions bound to a few gold atoms is generally too weak to induce detectable
spin polarizations from spin flipping or spin filtering during the ultrafast electron-transport
time scale. The absence of an observable CISS effect in the coherent electron-transport
regime suggests that the effect may only be found in other electron-transfer regimes
and requires further experimental and theoretical efforts to achieve a comprehensive
understanding.
acknowledgement: 'We thank the National Science Foundation (NSF-DMR 2241180) for supporting
this research. This work was supported in part by the Institute of Science and Technology
Austria. The synthesis of 1R and 1S was supported by the US Air Force Office of
Scientific Research through grant no. FA9550-23-1-0648. The synthesis of 3 was supported
by the Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 grant, the European Union Next Generation
EU/PRTR (TED2021-131255B–C43), MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE (PID) (PID2023-151167NB-I00),
the Comunidad de Madrid and the Spanish State through the Recovery, Transformation
and Resilience Plan [“Materiales Disruptivos Bidimensionales (2D)” (MAD2D-CM) (UAM1)-MRR
Materiales Avanzados]. IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledges support from the “Severo Ochoa”
Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, CEX2020-001039 S). M.G.G. acknowledges
MICIU, Spain, for a F.P.U. The work of DRR and AM was supported by the Spin-COntrolled
Chemical Process Engineering (SCOPE) program of the Defense Advanced Research Project
Agency grant HR0011-23-9-0109. Numerical calculations were performed on the Delta
system at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications through allocation
CHE230028 from the Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services
and Support (ACCESS) program, which is supported by National Science Foundation
grants #2138259, #2138286, #2138307, #2137603, and #2138296.'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Liang
full_name: Li, Liang
last_name: Li
- first_name: Wanzhuo
full_name: Shi, Wanzhuo
last_name: Shi
- first_name: Ankit
full_name: Mahajan, Ankit
last_name: Mahajan
- first_name: Junxiang
full_name: Zhang, Junxiang
last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Marta
full_name: Gómez-Gómez, Marta
last_name: Gómez-Gómez
- first_name: Jorge
full_name: Labella, Jorge
last_name: Labella
- first_name: Shayan
full_name: Louie, Shayan
last_name: Louie
- first_name: Tomás
full_name: Torres, Tomás
last_name: Torres
- first_name: Stephen
full_name: Barlow, Stephen
last_name: Barlow
- first_name: Seth R.
full_name: Marder, Seth R.
last_name: Marder
- first_name: David R.
full_name: Reichman, David R.
last_name: Reichman
- first_name: Latha
full_name: Venkataraman, Latha
id: 9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf
last_name: Venkataraman
orcid: 0000-0002-6957-6089
citation:
ama: 'Li L, Shi W, Mahajan A, et al. Too fast for spin flipping: Absence of chirality-induced
spin selectivity in coherent electron transport through single-molecule junctions.
Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2025;147(28):25043-25051. doi:10.1021/jacs.5c08517'
apa: 'Li, L., Shi, W., Mahajan, A., Zhang, J., Gómez-Gómez, M., Labella, J., … Venkataraman,
L. (2025). Too fast for spin flipping: Absence of chirality-induced spin selectivity
in coherent electron transport through single-molecule junctions. Journal of
the American Chemical Society. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c08517'
chicago: 'Li, Liang, Wanzhuo Shi, Ankit Mahajan, Junxiang Zhang, Marta Gómez-Gómez,
Jorge Labella, Shayan Louie, et al. “Too Fast for Spin Flipping: Absence of Chirality-Induced
Spin Selectivity in Coherent Electron Transport through Single-Molecule Junctions.”
Journal of the American Chemical Society. American Chemical Society, 2025.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c08517.'
ieee: 'L. Li et al., “Too fast for spin flipping: Absence of chirality-induced
spin selectivity in coherent electron transport through single-molecule junctions,”
Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 147, no. 28. American Chemical
Society, pp. 25043–25051, 2025.'
ista: 'Li L, Shi W, Mahajan A, Zhang J, Gómez-Gómez M, Labella J, Louie S, Torres
T, Barlow S, Marder SR, Reichman DR, Venkataraman L. 2025. Too fast for spin flipping:
Absence of chirality-induced spin selectivity in coherent electron transport through
single-molecule junctions. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 147(28),
25043–25051.'
mla: 'Li, Liang, et al. “Too Fast for Spin Flipping: Absence of Chirality-Induced
Spin Selectivity in Coherent Electron Transport through Single-Molecule Junctions.”
Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 147, no. 28, American Chemical
Society, 2025, pp. 25043–51, doi:10.1021/jacs.5c08517.'
short: L. Li, W. Shi, A. Mahajan, J. Zhang, M. Gómez-Gómez, J. Labella, S. Louie,
T. Torres, S. Barlow, S.R. Marder, D.R. Reichman, L. Venkataraman, Journal of
the American Chemical Society 147 (2025) 25043–25051.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-07-13T22:01:23Z
date_published: 2025-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:11:26Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: LaVe
doi: 10.1021/jacs.5c08517
external_id:
isi:
- '001522009200001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: f2bbe7d64de2d0d78aa2be933d12b096
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-12-30T09:09:53Z
date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:09:53Z
file_id: '20902'
file_name: 2025_JACS_Li.pdf
file_size: 5524744
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:09:53Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 147'
isi: 1
issue: '28'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 25043-25051
publication: Journal of the American Chemical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1520-5126
issn:
- 0002-7863
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Too fast for spin flipping: Absence of chirality-induced spin selectivity
in coherent electron transport through single-molecule junctions'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 147
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '20011'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Heat transport in glasses over a wide temperature range is critical for applications
in gate dielectrics and thermal insulators but remains poorly understood due to
the challenges in modeling vibrational anharmonicity and configurational dynamics
across the glass transition. Recent predictions show an unusual decrease in thermal
conductivity (κ) with temperature in amorphous hafnia (a-HfO2), contrasting with
the typical trend in glasses. Using molecular dynamics with a machine-learning-based
neuroevolution potential, we compute κ of a-HfO2 from 50 K to 2000 K. At low temperatures,
the Wigner transport equation captures both anharmonicity and quantum statistics.
Above 1200 K, atomic diffusion invalidates the quasiparticle picture, and we resort
to the Green–Kubo method to capture convective transport. We further extend the
Wigner transport equation to supercooled a-HfO2, revealing the crucial role of
low-frequency modes in facilitating heat transport. The computed κ, based on both
Green–Kubo and Wigner transport theories, increases continuously with temperature
up to 2000 K.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
acknowledgement: We thank Ludovic Berthier for fruitful discussions and Ting Liang
for providing the initial structures of a-SiO2. Z.Z. acknowledges funding from the
European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Marie Skłodowska-Curie
grant agreement No. 101034413. The authors also acknowledge the research computing
facilities provided by HPC ISTA and ITS HKU.
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Zezhu
full_name: Zeng, Zezhu
id: 54a2c730-803f-11ed-ab7e-95b29d2680e7
last_name: Zeng
orcid: 0000-0001-5126-4928
- first_name: Xia
full_name: Liang, Xia
last_name: Liang
- first_name: Zheyong
full_name: Fan, Zheyong
last_name: Fan
- first_name: Yue
full_name: Chen, Yue
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Michele
full_name: Simoncelli, Michele
last_name: Simoncelli
- first_name: Bingqing
full_name: Cheng, Bingqing
id: cbe3cda4-d82c-11eb-8dc7-8ff94289fcc9
last_name: Cheng
orcid: 0000-0002-3584-9632
citation:
ama: Zeng Z, Liang X, Fan Z, Chen Y, Simoncelli M, Cheng B. Thermal transport of
amorphous hafnia across the glass transition. ACS Materials Letters. 2025:2695-2701.
doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.5c00263
apa: Zeng, Z., Liang, X., Fan, Z., Chen, Y., Simoncelli, M., & Cheng, B. (2025).
Thermal transport of amorphous hafnia across the glass transition. ACS Materials
Letters. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.5c00263
chicago: Zeng, Zezhu, Xia Liang, Zheyong Fan, Yue Chen, Michele Simoncelli, and
Bingqing Cheng. “Thermal Transport of Amorphous Hafnia across the Glass Transition.”
ACS Materials Letters. American Chemical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.5c00263.
ieee: Z. Zeng, X. Liang, Z. Fan, Y. Chen, M. Simoncelli, and B. Cheng, “Thermal
transport of amorphous hafnia across the glass transition,” ACS Materials Letters.
American Chemical Society, pp. 2695–2701, 2025.
ista: Zeng Z, Liang X, Fan Z, Chen Y, Simoncelli M, Cheng B. 2025. Thermal transport
of amorphous hafnia across the glass transition. ACS Materials Letters., 2695–2701.
mla: Zeng, Zezhu, et al. “Thermal Transport of Amorphous Hafnia across the Glass
Transition.” ACS Materials Letters, American Chemical Society, 2025, pp.
2695–701, doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.5c00263.
short: Z. Zeng, X. Liang, Z. Fan, Y. Chen, M. Simoncelli, B. Cheng, ACS Materials
Letters (2025) 2695–2701.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-07-13T22:01:24Z
date_published: 2025-06-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:15:30Z
day: '30'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: BiCh
doi: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.5c00263
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '001520226300001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: d61e63439ddeaef29e9a2ee0f65c4ec1
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-12-30T09:13:06Z
date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:13:06Z
file_id: '20903'
file_name: 2025_ACSMaterialsLetters_Zeng.pdf
file_size: 2402059
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:13:06Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2695-2701
project:
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101034413'
name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
publication: ACS Materials Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2639-4979
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: software
url: https://github.com/ZengZezhu/heat-conductivity-a-HfO2
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Thermal transport of amorphous hafnia across the glass transition
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '20024'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Cooperative software verification divides the task of software verification
among several verification tools in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness.
The basic approach is to let verifiers work on different parts of a program and
at the end join verification results. While this idea is intuitively appealing,
cooperative verification is usually hindered by the fact that program decomposition
(1) is often static, disregarding strengths and weaknesses of employed verifiers,
and (2) often represents the decomposed program parts in a specific proprietary
format, thereby making the use of off-the-shelf verifiers in cooperative verification
difficult. In this paper, we propose a novel cooperative verification scheme that
we call dynamic program splitting (DPS). Splitting decomposes programs into (smaller)
programs, and thus directly enables the use of off-the-shelf tools. In DPS, splitting
is dynamically applied on demand: Verification starts by giving a verification
task (a program plus a correctness specification) to a verifier V1. Whenever V1
finds the current task to be hard to verify, it splits the task (i.e., the program)
and restarts verification on subtasks. DPS continues until (1) a violation is
found, (2) all subtasks are completed or (3) some user-defined stopping criterion
is met. In the latter case, the remaining uncompleted subtasks are merged into
a single one and are given to a next verifier V2, repeating the same procedure
on the still unverified program parts. This way, the decomposition is steered
by what is hard to verify for particular verifiers, leveraging their complementary
strengths. We have implemented dynamic program splitting and evaluated it on benchmarks
of the annual software verification competition SV-COMP. The evaluation shows
that cooperative verification with DPS is able to solve verification tasks that
none of the constituent verifiers can solve, without any significant overhead.'
acknowledgement: This work is partially supported by the German Research Foundation
(DFG) – WE2290/13-2 (Coop2), and in part by the ERC-2020-AdG 101020093.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Cedric
full_name: Richter, Cedric
last_name: Richter
- first_name: Marek
full_name: Chalupa, Marek
id: 87e34708-d6c6-11ec-9f5b-9391e7be2463
last_name: Chalupa
- first_name: Marie-Christine
full_name: Jakobs, Marie-Christine
last_name: Jakobs
- first_name: Heike
full_name: Wehrheim, Heike
last_name: Wehrheim
citation:
ama: 'Richter C, Chalupa M, Jakobs M-C, Wehrheim H. Cooperative software verification
via dynamic program splitting. In: 47th International Conference on Software
Engineering. IEEE; 2025:2087-2099. doi:10.1109/ICSE55347.2025.00092'
apa: 'Richter, C., Chalupa, M., Jakobs, M.-C., & Wehrheim, H. (2025). Cooperative
software verification via dynamic program splitting. In 47th International
Conference on Software Engineering (pp. 2087–2099). Ottawa, ON, Canada: IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE55347.2025.00092'
chicago: Richter, Cedric, Marek Chalupa, Marie-Christine Jakobs, and Heike Wehrheim.
“Cooperative Software Verification via Dynamic Program Splitting.” In 47th
International Conference on Software Engineering, 2087–99. IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE55347.2025.00092.
ieee: C. Richter, M. Chalupa, M.-C. Jakobs, and H. Wehrheim, “Cooperative software
verification via dynamic program splitting,” in 47th International Conference
on Software Engineering, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 2025, pp. 2087–2099.
ista: 'Richter C, Chalupa M, Jakobs M-C, Wehrheim H. 2025. Cooperative software
verification via dynamic program splitting. 47th International Conference on Software
Engineering. ICSE: International Conference on Software Engineering, 2087–2099.'
mla: Richter, Cedric, et al. “Cooperative Software Verification via Dynamic Program
Splitting.” 47th International Conference on Software Engineering, IEEE,
2025, pp. 2087–99, doi:10.1109/ICSE55347.2025.00092.
short: C. Richter, M. Chalupa, M.-C. Jakobs, H. Wehrheim, in:, 47th International
Conference on Software Engineering, IEEE, 2025, pp. 2087–2099.
conference:
end_date: 2025-05-06
location: Ottawa, ON, Canada
name: 'ICSE: International Conference on Software Engineering'
start_date: 2025-04-26
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-07-16T11:32:29Z
date_published: 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:01:55Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.1109/ICSE55347.2025.00092
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '001538318100163'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 2087-2099
project:
- _id: 62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101020093'
name: Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software
publication: 47th International Conference on Software Engineering
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1558-1225
isbn:
- '9798331505691'
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Cooperative software verification via dynamic program splitting
type: conference
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '20026'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Deep Convective Systems (DCSs) reaching scales of 100–1000 km play a pivotal
role as the primary precipitation source in the tropics. Those systems can have
large cloud shields, and thus not only affect severe precipitation patterns but
also play a crucial part in modulating the tropical radiation budget. Understanding
the complex factors that control how these systems grow and how they will behave
in a warming climate remain fundamental challenges. Research efforts have been
directed, on one hand, towards understanding the environmental control on these
systems, and on the other hand, towards exploring the internal potential of systems
to develop and self-aggregate in idealized simulations. However, we still lack
understanding on the relative role of the environment and internal feedbacks on
DCS mature size and why. The novel high-resolution global SAM simulation from
the DYAMOND project, combined with the TOOCAN Lagrangian tracking of DCSs and
machine learning tools, offers an unprecedented opportunity to explore this question.
We find that a system’s growth rate during the first 2 h of development predicts
its final size with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.65. Beyond this period,
growth rate emerges as the strongest predictor. However, in the early stages,
additional factors–such as ice water path heterogeneity, migration distance, interactions
with neighboring systems, and deep shear–play a more significant role. Our study
quantitatively assesses the relative influence of internal versus external factors
on the mature cloud shield size. Our results show that system-intrinsic properties
exert a stronger influence than environmental conditions, suggesting that the
initial environment does not strictly constrain final system size, particularly
for larger systems where internal dynamics dominate.
acknowledgement: C.M. and S.A. gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research
Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
(Project CLUSTER, grant agreement 805041), and from the PhD fellowship of Ecole
Normale Supérieure de Paris-Saclay. DYAMOND data management was provided by the
German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) and supported through the projects ESiWACE
and ESiWACE2. The projects ESiWACE and ESiWACE2 have received funding from the European
Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreements No 675191
and 823988. This work used resources of the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ)
granted by its Scientific Steering Committee (WLA) under project IDs bk1040 and
bb1153. The authors express their gratitude to Sophie Cloché and Eileen Hertwig
for their assistance in data archival at IPSL and DKRZ, respectively. We also thank
Christophe Lampert and Benjamin Fildier for valuable scientific discussions, and
acknowledge the thoughtful comments of two anonymous reviewers.
article_number: '258'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Sophie
full_name: Abramian, Sophie
last_name: Abramian
- first_name: Caroline J
full_name: Muller, Caroline J
id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b
last_name: Muller
orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350
- first_name: Camille
full_name: Risi, Camille
last_name: Risi
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Fiolleau, Thomas
last_name: Fiolleau
- first_name: Rémy
full_name: Roca, Rémy
last_name: Roca
citation:
ama: Abramian S, Muller CJ, Risi C, Fiolleau T, Roca R. How key features of early
development shape deep convective systems. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science.
2025;8. doi:10.1038/s41612-025-01154-1
apa: Abramian, S., Muller, C. J., Risi, C., Fiolleau, T., & Roca, R. (2025).
How key features of early development shape deep convective systems. Npj Climate
and Atmospheric Science. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01154-1
chicago: Abramian, Sophie, Caroline J Muller, Camille Risi, Thomas Fiolleau, and
Rémy Roca. “How Key Features of Early Development Shape Deep Convective Systems.”
Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01154-1.
ieee: S. Abramian, C. J. Muller, C. Risi, T. Fiolleau, and R. Roca, “How key features
of early development shape deep convective systems,” npj Climate and Atmospheric
Science, vol. 8. Springer Nature, 2025.
ista: Abramian S, Muller CJ, Risi C, Fiolleau T, Roca R. 2025. How key features
of early development shape deep convective systems. npj Climate and Atmospheric
Science. 8, 258.
mla: Abramian, Sophie, et al. “How Key Features of Early Development Shape Deep
Convective Systems.” Npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, vol. 8, 258,
Springer Nature, 2025, doi:10.1038/s41612-025-01154-1.
short: S. Abramian, C.J. Muller, C. Risi, T. Fiolleau, R. Roca, Npj Climate and
Atmospheric Science 8 (2025).
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:01:59Z
date_published: 2025-07-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:02:27Z
day: '08'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: CaMu
doi: 10.1038/s41612-025-01154-1
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '001524244500001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 8113405b3e52024b24621ea21d89b3ab
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-07-22T06:02:14Z
date_updated: 2025-07-22T06:02:14Z
file_id: '20061'
file_name: 2025_njpClimate_Abramian.pdf
file_size: 3919446
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-07-22T06:02:14Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 8'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '805041'
name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the
Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate
publication: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2397-3722
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: How key features of early development shape deep convective systems
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 8
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20027'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "We present the first results of the JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS). Utilizing
the first NIRCam narrow-band imaging at 4.7 μm, over 63 arcmin2 in the PRIMER/COSMOS
field, we have identified 609 emission line galaxy candidates. From these, we
robustly selected 35 H α star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 6.1, with H α star-formation
rates (SFRH α) of ∼ 0.9 − 15 M yr−1.\r\nCombining our unique H α sample with the
exquisite panchromatic data in the field, we explored their physical properties
and star-formation histories, and compared these to a broad-band selected sample
at z ∼ 6 which has offered vital new insights into the nature of high-redshift
galaxies. UV-continuum slopes (β) were considerably redder for our H α sample
(\x04β\x05 ∼ −1.92)\r\ncompared to the broad-band sample (\x04β\x05 ∼ −2.35).
This was not due to dust attenuation as our H α sample was relatively dustpoor
(median AV = 0.23); instead, we argue that the reddened slopes could be due to
nebular continuum. We compared SFRH α and the UV-continuum-derived SFRUV to SED-fitted
measurements averaged over canonical time-scales of 10 and 100 Myr (SFR10 and
SFR100). We found an increase in recent SFR for our sample of H α emitters, particularly
at lower stellar masses (< 109 M). We also found that SFRH α strongly traces SFR
averaged over 10 Myr time-scales, whereas the UV-continuum overpredicts SFR on
100 Myr time-scales at low stellar masses. These results point to our H α sample
undergoing ‘bursty’ star\r\nformation. Our F356W z ∼ 6 sample showed a larger
scatter in SFR10/SFR100 across all stellar masses, which has highlighted how narrow-band
photometric selections of H α emitters are key to quantifying the burstiness of
star-formation activity. "
acknowledgement: "The authors would like to thank Adam Carnall and Joel Leja for their
helpful advice with the SED fitting of our sample, Callum Donnan for his advice
on the selection techniques of high-redshift\r\ngalaxies, Alice Shapley for discussion
around H α SFR calibrations at high-redshift, Fred Jennings for providing insight
into the interpretation of SFR ratios, and the anonymous referee for their helpful
comments – all of which have greatly improved this paper. Several other authors
acknowledge the support of the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
via grants ST/W507441/1 (CAP), ST/V000594/1 (DJM, PNB, RK, and RJM), ST/Y000951/1
(PNB and RK) and ST/X001075/1 (AMS and IRS), and through an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship
(KJD; grant number ST/W003120/1). RKC was funded by support for programme #02321,
provided by\r\nNASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute,
which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy,
Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-03127. RKC and CLH are both grateful for support
from the Leverhulme Trust via a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship, and CLH also
acknowledges support from the Oxford Hintze Centre for Astrophysical Surveys which
is funded through generous support from the Hintze Family\r\nCharitable Foundation.
JSD acknowledges the support of the Royal Society via a Royal Society Research Professorship.
EI gratefully acknowledge financialsupport from ANID–MILENIO–NCN2024 112 and ANID
FONDECYT Regular 1221846. LOF acknowledges by ANID BECAS/DOCTORADO NACIONAL 21220499."
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: C. A.
full_name: Pirie, C. A.
last_name: Pirie
- first_name: P. N.
full_name: Best, P. N.
last_name: Best
- first_name: K. J.
full_name: Duncan, K. J.
last_name: Duncan
- first_name: D. J.
full_name: Mcleod, D. J.
last_name: Mcleod
- first_name: R. K.
full_name: Cochrane, R. K.
last_name: Cochrane
- first_name: M.
full_name: Clausen, M.
last_name: Clausen
- first_name: J. S.
full_name: Dunlop, J. S.
last_name: Dunlop
- first_name: S. R.
full_name: Flury, S. R.
last_name: Flury
- first_name: J. E.
full_name: Geach, J. E.
last_name: Geach
- first_name: C. L.
full_name: Hale, C. L.
last_name: Hale
- first_name: E.
full_name: Ibar, E.
last_name: Ibar
- first_name: R.
full_name: Kondapally, R.
last_name: Kondapally
- first_name: Zefeng
full_name: Li, Zefeng
last_name: Li
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: R. J.
full_name: Mclure, R. J.
last_name: Mclure
- first_name: L.
full_name: Ossa-Fuentes, L.
last_name: Ossa-Fuentes
- first_name: A. L.
full_name: Patrick, A. L.
last_name: Patrick
- first_name: Ian
full_name: Smail, Ian
last_name: Smail
- first_name: D.
full_name: Sobral, D.
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: H. M.O.
full_name: Stephenson, H. M.O.
last_name: Stephenson
- first_name: J. P.
full_name: Stott, J. P.
last_name: Stott
- first_name: A. M.
full_name: Swinbank, A. M.
last_name: Swinbank
citation:
ama: 'Pirie CA, Best PN, Duncan KJ, et al. The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS):
An untargeted search for H α emission line galaxies at z > 6 and their physical
properties. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2025;541(2):1348-1376.
doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1006'
apa: 'Pirie, C. A., Best, P. N., Duncan, K. J., Mcleod, D. J., Cochrane, R. K.,
Clausen, M., … Swinbank, A. M. (2025). The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): An
untargeted search for H α emission line galaxies at z > 6 and their physical
properties. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University
Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1006'
chicago: 'Pirie, C. A., P. N. Best, K. J. Duncan, D. J. Mcleod, R. K. Cochrane,
M. Clausen, J. S. Dunlop, et al. “The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): An Untargeted
Search for H α Emission Line Galaxies at z > 6 and Their Physical Properties.”
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press,
2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1006.'
ieee: 'C. A. Pirie et al., “The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): An untargeted
search for H α emission line galaxies at z > 6 and their physical properties,”
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 541, no. 2. Oxford
University Press, pp. 1348–1376, 2025.'
ista: 'Pirie CA, Best PN, Duncan KJ, Mcleod DJ, Cochrane RK, Clausen M, Dunlop JS,
Flury SR, Geach JE, Hale CL, Ibar E, Kondapally R, Li Z, Matthee JJ, Mclure RJ,
Ossa-Fuentes L, Patrick AL, Smail I, Sobral D, Stephenson HMO, Stott JP, Swinbank
AM. 2025. The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): An untargeted search for H α emission
line galaxies at z > 6 and their physical properties. Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society. 541(2), 1348–1376.'
mla: 'Pirie, C. A., et al. “The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): An Untargeted
Search for H α Emission Line Galaxies at z > 6 and Their Physical Properties.”
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 541, no. 2, Oxford
University Press, 2025, pp. 1348–76, doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1006.'
short: C.A. Pirie, P.N. Best, K.J. Duncan, D.J. Mcleod, R.K. Cochrane, M. Clausen,
J.S. Dunlop, S.R. Flury, J.E. Geach, C.L. Hale, E. Ibar, R. Kondapally, Z. Li,
J.J. Matthee, R.J. Mclure, L. Ossa-Fuentes, A.L. Patrick, I. Smail, D. Sobral,
H.M.O. Stephenson, J.P. Stott, A.M. Swinbank, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society 541 (2025) 1348–1376.
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:00Z
date_published: 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:03:40Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.1093/mnras/staf1006
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2410.11808'
isi:
- '001527095600001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: f8708c78016f8917765026502c6b50b6
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-07-22T07:19:20Z
date_updated: 2025-07-22T07:19:20Z
file_id: '20064'
file_name: 2025_MonthlyNoticesRAS_Pirie.pdf
file_size: 38102038
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-07-22T07:19:20Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 541'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1348-1376
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): An untargeted search for H α emission
line galaxies at z > 6 and their physical properties'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 541
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20028'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We present the JWST Emission-Line Survey (JELS), a JWST imaging programme
exploiting the wavelength coverage and sensitivity of the Near-Infrared Camera
(NIRCam) to extend narrow-band rest-optical emission-line selection into the Epoch
of Reionization (EoR) for the first time, and to enable unique studies of the
resolved ionized gas morphology in individual galaxies across cosmic history.
The primary JELS observations comprise ∼ 4.7 μm narrow-band imaging over ∼ 63
arcmin2 designed to enable selection of H α emitters at z ∼ 6.1 and a host of
novel emission-line samples, including [O III] (z ∼ 8.3) and Paschen α/β (z ∼
1.5/2.8). For the F466N/F470N narrow-band observations, the emission-line sensitivities
achieved are up to ∼ 2× more sensitive than current slitless spectroscopy surveys
(5σ limits of 0.8–1.2×10−18 erg s−1cm−2), corresponding to unobscured H α star
formation rates (SFRs) of 0.9–1.3 M yr−1 at z ∼ 6.1, extending emission-line selections
in the EoR to fainter populations. Simultaneously, JELS also adds F200W broad-band
and F212N narrow-band imaging (H α at z ∼ 2.23) that probes SFRs 5× fainter than
previous ground-based narrow-band studies (∼ 0.2 M yr−1), offering an unprecedented
resolved view of star formation at cosmic noon. We present the detailed JELS design,
key data processing steps specific to the survey observations, and demonstrate
the exceptional data quality and imaging sensitivity achieved. We then summarize
the key scientific goals of JELS, demonstrate the precision and accuracy of the
expected redshift and measured emission-line recovery through detailed simulations,
and present examples of spectroscopically confirmed H α and [O III] emitters discovered
by JELS that illustrate the novel parameter space probed.
acknowledgement: "We thank the anonymous referee for their helpful and constructive
feedback that hassignificantly improved this manuscript. The authors also thank
DavidCoulter and ArminRestfor allowing the inclusion of JELS targets in their director’s
discretionary observing programme. KJD acknowledges support from the Science and
Technology Facilities Council (STFC) through an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (grant
number ST/W003120/1). DJM, PNB, RK, and RJM acknowledge the support of the UK STFC
via grant ST/V000594/1. PNB and RK are grateful for support from the UK STFC via
grant ST/Y000951/1. RKC was funded by support for programme #02321, provided by
NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute,\r\nwhich is operated
by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract
NAS5-03127. RKC is grateful for support from the Leverhulme Trust via the Leverhulme
Early Career Fellowship.JSD acknowledgesthe support of the Royal Society via a Royal
Society Research Professorship. CLH acknowledges support from the Leverhulme Trust
through an Early Career Research Fellowship and also acknowledge support from the
Oxford\r\nHintze Centre for Astrophysical Surveys which is funded through generous
support from the Hintze Family Charitable Foundation. EI gratefully acknowledge
financial support from ANID –MILENIO – NCN2024 112 and ANID FONDECYT Regular 1221846.
AMS and IRS acknowledge support from the STFC via grant ST/X001075/1.This work was
initiated in part at Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by National Science
Foundation grant PHY-2210452."
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: K. J.
full_name: Duncan, K. J.
last_name: Duncan
- first_name: D. J.
full_name: Mcleod, D. J.
last_name: Mcleod
- first_name: P. N.
full_name: Best, P. N.
last_name: Best
- first_name: C. A.
full_name: Pirie, C. A.
last_name: Pirie
- first_name: M.
full_name: Clausen, M.
last_name: Clausen
- first_name: R. K.
full_name: Cochrane, R. K.
last_name: Cochrane
- first_name: J. S.
full_name: Dunlop, J. S.
last_name: Dunlop
- first_name: S. R.
full_name: Flury, S. R.
last_name: Flury
- first_name: J. E.
full_name: Geach, J. E.
last_name: Geach
- first_name: N. A.
full_name: Grogin, N. A.
last_name: Grogin
- first_name: C. L.
full_name: Hale, C. L.
last_name: Hale
- first_name: E.
full_name: Ibar, E.
last_name: Ibar
- first_name: R.
full_name: Kondapally, R.
last_name: Kondapally
- first_name: Zefeng
full_name: Li, Zefeng
last_name: Li
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: R. J.
full_name: Mclure, R. J.
last_name: Mclure
- first_name: Luis
full_name: Ossa-Fuentes, Luis
last_name: Ossa-Fuentes
- first_name: A. L.
full_name: Patrick, A. L.
last_name: Patrick
- first_name: Ian
full_name: Smail, Ian
last_name: Smail
- first_name: D.
full_name: Sobral, D.
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: H. M.O.
full_name: Stephenson, H. M.O.
last_name: Stephenson
- first_name: J. P.
full_name: Stott, J. P.
last_name: Stott
- first_name: A. M.
full_name: Swinbank, A. M.
last_name: Swinbank
citation:
ama: 'Duncan KJ, Mcleod DJ, Best PN, et al. The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending
rest-optical narrow-band emission-line selection into the Epoch of Reionization.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2025;541(2):1329-1347.
doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1061'
apa: 'Duncan, K. J., Mcleod, D. J., Best, P. N., Pirie, C. A., Clausen, M., Cochrane,
R. K., … Swinbank, A. M. (2025). The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending rest-optical
narrow-band emission-line selection into the Epoch of Reionization. Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1061'
chicago: 'Duncan, K. J., D. J. Mcleod, P. N. Best, C. A. Pirie, M. Clausen, R. K.
Cochrane, J. S. Dunlop, et al. “The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending Rest-Optical
Narrow-Band Emission-Line Selection into the Epoch of Reionization.” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2025.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1061.'
ieee: 'K. J. Duncan et al., “The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending rest-optical
narrow-band emission-line selection into the Epoch of Reionization,” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 541, no. 2. Oxford University
Press, pp. 1329–1347, 2025.'
ista: 'Duncan KJ, Mcleod DJ, Best PN, Pirie CA, Clausen M, Cochrane RK, Dunlop JS,
Flury SR, Geach JE, Grogin NA, Hale CL, Ibar E, Kondapally R, Li Z, Matthee JJ,
Mclure RJ, Ossa-Fuentes L, Patrick AL, Smail I, Sobral D, Stephenson HMO, Stott
JP, Swinbank AM. 2025. The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending rest-optical narrow-band
emission-line selection into the Epoch of Reionization. Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society. 541(2), 1329–1347.'
mla: 'Duncan, K. J., et al. “The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending Rest-Optical
Narrow-Band Emission-Line Selection into the Epoch of Reionization.” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 541, no. 2, Oxford University
Press, 2025, pp. 1329–47, doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1061.'
short: K.J. Duncan, D.J. Mcleod, P.N. Best, C.A. Pirie, M. Clausen, R.K. Cochrane,
J.S. Dunlop, S.R. Flury, J.E. Geach, N.A. Grogin, C.L. Hale, E. Ibar, R. Kondapally,
Z. Li, J.J. Matthee, R.J. Mclure, L. Ossa-Fuentes, A.L. Patrick, I. Smail, D.
Sobral, H.M.O. Stephenson, J.P. Stott, A.M. Swinbank, Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society 541 (2025) 1329–1347.
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:00Z
date_published: 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:03:01Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.1093/mnras/staf1061
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2410.09000'
isi:
- '001527085900001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: abedbbce98d448f374dc922dad9133fc
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-07-22T07:02:02Z
date_updated: 2025-07-22T07:02:02Z
file_id: '20063'
file_name: 2025_MonthlyNoticesRAS_Duncan.pdf
file_size: 4451937
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-07-22T07:02:02Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 541'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1329-1347
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending rest-optical narrow-band emission-line
selection into the Epoch of Reionization'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 541
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '20029'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Vacuolar acidification is crucial for the homeostasis of intracellular pH
and the recycling of proteins and nutrients in cells, thereby playing important
roles in various physiological processes related to vacuolar function. The key
factors regulating vacuolar acidification and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Here, we report that Arabidopsis phospholipase Dζ2 (PLDζ2) promotes the acidification
of the vacuolar lumen to stimulate autophagic degradation under phosphorus deficiency.
The pldζ2 mutant massively accumulates autophagic structures while exhibiting
premature leaf senescence under nutrient starvation. Impaired autophagic flux,
lytic vacuole morphology, and lytic degradation in pldζ2 indicate that PLDζ2 regulates
autophagy by affecting the vacuolar function. PLDζ2 locates in both tonoplast
and cytoplasm. Genetic, structural, and biochemical studies demonstrate that PLDζ2
directly interacts with vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) subunit D (VATD) to promote
vacuolar acidification and autophagy under phosphorus starvation. These findings
reveal the importance of V-ATPase and vacuolar pH in autophagic activity and provide
clues in elucidating the regulatory mechanism of vacuolar acidification.
acknowledgement: The study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of
China (NSFC, 92354301, 32230011, 32200274, and 91954206). The computations were
run on the Siyuan-1 cluster supported by the Center for High-Performance Computing
at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
article_number: '116024'
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Bin
full_name: Guan, Bin
id: 56aad729-cca2-11ed-a45a-9b4138991a48
last_name: Guan
- first_name: Ke Xuan
full_name: Xie, Ke Xuan
last_name: Xie
- first_name: Xin Qiao
full_name: Du, Xin Qiao
last_name: Du
- first_name: Yu Xuan
full_name: Bai, Yu Xuan
last_name: Bai
- first_name: Peng Chao
full_name: Hao, Peng Chao
last_name: Hao
- first_name: Wen Hui
full_name: Lin, Wen Hui
last_name: Lin
- first_name: Jiří
full_name: Friml, Jiří
id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Friml
orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
- first_name: Hong Wei
full_name: Xue, Hong Wei
last_name: Xue
citation:
ama: Guan B, Xie KX, Du XQ, et al. Arabidopsis phospholipase Dζ2 facilitates vacuolar
acidification and autophagy under phosphorus starvation by interacting with VATD.
Cell Reports. 2025;44(7). doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116024
apa: Guan, B., Xie, K. X., Du, X. Q., Bai, Y. X., Hao, P. C., Lin, W. H., … Xue,
H. W. (2025). Arabidopsis phospholipase Dζ2 facilitates vacuolar acidification
and autophagy under phosphorus starvation by interacting with VATD. Cell Reports.
Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116024
chicago: Guan, Bin, Ke Xuan Xie, Xin Qiao Du, Yu Xuan Bai, Peng Chao Hao, Wen Hui
Lin, Jiří Friml, and Hong Wei Xue. “Arabidopsis Phospholipase Dζ2 Facilitates
Vacuolar Acidification and Autophagy under Phosphorus Starvation by Interacting
with VATD.” Cell Reports. Elsevier, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116024.
ieee: B. Guan et al., “Arabidopsis phospholipase Dζ2 facilitates vacuolar
acidification and autophagy under phosphorus starvation by interacting with VATD,”
Cell Reports, vol. 44, no. 7. Elsevier, 2025.
ista: Guan B, Xie KX, Du XQ, Bai YX, Hao PC, Lin WH, Friml J, Xue HW. 2025. Arabidopsis
phospholipase Dζ2 facilitates vacuolar acidification and autophagy under phosphorus
starvation by interacting with VATD. Cell Reports. 44(7), 116024.
mla: Guan, Bin, et al. “Arabidopsis Phospholipase Dζ2 Facilitates Vacuolar Acidification
and Autophagy under Phosphorus Starvation by Interacting with VATD.” Cell Reports,
vol. 44, no. 7, 116024, Elsevier, 2025, doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116024.
short: B. Guan, K.X. Xie, X.Q. Du, Y.X. Bai, P.C. Hao, W.H. Lin, J. Friml, H.W.
Xue, Cell Reports 44 (2025).
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:01Z
date_published: 2025-07-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:05:28Z
day: '22'
ddc:
- '580'
department:
- _id: JiFr
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116024
external_id:
isi:
- '001533244800001'
pmid:
- '40668679'
file:
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checksum: ee03deee47a084b0295251dc49470ad4
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-07-22T08:52:17Z
date_updated: 2025-07-22T08:52:17Z
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file_name: 2025_CellReports_Guan.pdf
file_size: 37708120
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-07-22T08:52:17Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 44'
isi: 1
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Cell Reports
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2211-1247
issn:
- 2639-1856
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Arabidopsis phospholipase Dζ2 facilitates vacuolar acidification and autophagy
under phosphorus starvation by interacting with VATD
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 44
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20030'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We report the discovery of a Lyα emitter (LAE) candidate in the immediate
foreground of the quasar PSO J158-14 at zQSO = 6.0685 at a projected distance
∼29 pkpc that is associated with an extremely metal-poor absorption system. This
system was found in archival observations of the quasar field with the Very Large
Telescope (VLT)/Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) and was previously missed
in searches of absorption systems using quasar absorption line spectroscopy, as
it imparts no detectable metal absorption lines on the background quasar spectrum.
The detected Lyα emission line at a redshift of zLAE = 6.0323 is well aligned
with the outer edge of the quasar’s proximity zone and can plausibly cause its
observed damping wing if it is associated with a proximate subdamped Lyα absorption
system with a column density of log Nhi/cm^-2 19.7. A >10 hr medium-resolution
spectrum of the quasar observed with the Magellan/Folded-port InfraRed Echellette
(FIRE) and VLT/X-Shooter spectrographs reveals a metallicity constraint of [Z/H]
< −3. Such low metallicity makes this system an extremely metal-poor galaxy candidate
and provides an exciting site to study possible signatures of Population III stars.
acknowledgement: "We thank the referee for the feedback and suggestions that greatly
improved the quality of this manuscript. We would like to thank Carlos Contreras,
Matías Díaz, Carla Fuentes, Mauricio Martínez, Alberto Pastén, Roger Leiton, Hugo
Rivera, and Gabriel Prieto for their help and support during the Magellan/FIRE observations.
We would also like to thank Rongmon Bordoloi for helpful discussions. R.A.M. acknowledges
support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant
200020_207349. This Letter includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes
located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile.\r\nBased on observations collected at
the European Southern Observatory under ESO programs 106.215A and 096.A-0418.\r\n\r\nThe
HST data presented in this Letter were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space
Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The observations analyzed
in this work can be accessed via doi:10.17909/gxmz-zd87."
article_number: L33
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Dominika
full_name: Ďurovčíková, Dominika
last_name: Ďurovčíková
- first_name: Anna Christina
full_name: Eilers, Anna Christina
last_name: Eilers
- first_name: Robert A.
full_name: Simcoe, Robert A.
last_name: Simcoe
- first_name: Louise
full_name: Welsh, Louise
last_name: Welsh
- first_name: Romain A.
full_name: Meyer, Romain A.
last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Emma V.
full_name: Ryan-Weber, Emma V.
last_name: Ryan-Weber
- first_name: Minghao
full_name: Yue, Minghao
last_name: Yue
- first_name: Harley
full_name: Katz, Harley
last_name: Katz
- first_name: Sindhu
full_name: Satyavolu, Sindhu
last_name: Satyavolu
- first_name: George
full_name: Becker, George
last_name: Becker
- first_name: Frederick B.
full_name: Davies, Frederick B.
last_name: Davies
- first_name: Emanuele Paolo
full_name: Farina, Emanuele Paolo
last_name: Farina
citation:
ama: Ďurovčíková D, Eilers AC, Simcoe RA, et al. An extremely metal-poor Lyα emitter
candidate at z = 6 revealed through absorption spectroscopy. The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. 2025;987(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c
apa: Ďurovčíková, D., Eilers, A. C., Simcoe, R. A., Welsh, L., Meyer, R. A., Matthee,
J. J., … Farina, E. P. (2025). An extremely metal-poor Lyα emitter candidate at
z = 6 revealed through absorption spectroscopy. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c
chicago: Ďurovčíková, Dominika, Anna Christina Eilers, Robert A. Simcoe, Louise
Welsh, Romain A. Meyer, Jorryt J Matthee, Emma V. Ryan-Weber, et al. “An Extremely
Metal-Poor Lyα Emitter Candidate at z = 6 Revealed through Absorption Spectroscopy.”
The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c.
ieee: D. Ďurovčíková et al., “An extremely metal-poor Lyα emitter candidate
at z = 6 revealed through absorption spectroscopy,” The Astrophysical Journal
Letters, vol. 987, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: Ďurovčíková D, Eilers AC, Simcoe RA, Welsh L, Meyer RA, Matthee JJ, Ryan-Weber
EV, Yue M, Katz H, Satyavolu S, Becker G, Davies FB, Farina EP. 2025. An extremely
metal-poor Lyα emitter candidate at z = 6 revealed through absorption spectroscopy.
The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 987(2), L33.
mla: Ďurovčíková, Dominika, et al. “An Extremely Metal-Poor Lyα Emitter Candidate
at z = 6 Revealed through Absorption Spectroscopy.” The Astrophysical Journal
Letters, vol. 987, no. 2, L33, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c.
short: D. Ďurovčíková, A.C. Eilers, R.A. Simcoe, L. Welsh, R.A. Meyer, J.J. Matthee,
E.V. Ryan-Weber, M. Yue, H. Katz, S. Satyavolu, G. Becker, F.B. Davies, E.P. Farina,
The Astrophysical Journal Letters 987 (2025).
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:01Z
date_published: 2025-07-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:44:23Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2505.01499'
isi:
- '001524847100001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 75d0c08514209fc6e3078fdec8e815a2
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-07-22T08:38:14Z
date_updated: 2025-07-22T08:38:14Z
file_id: '20066'
file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJourLetters_Durovcikova.pdf
file_size: 6453728
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-07-22T08:38:14Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 987'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: An extremely metal-poor Lyα emitter candidate at z = 6 revealed through absorption
spectroscopy
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 987
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '20031'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The central vacuole is a multifunctional organelle with the most significant
occupancy in a differentiated plant cell. Plants depend on the function of the
vacuole for critical development, growth, and environmental responses. As the
cell expands, the vacuole changes shape and size, increasing its membrane and
luminal content. The set of these events is called the vacuolar configuration
process, which has not been well described. Our research highlights the impact
of plasma membrane internalization on vacuole morphology during the vacuolar configuration
process. We observed a direct correlation between differential endocytosis rates
and the enrichment of vacuolar membranous structures. Chemical and genetic interference
with clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) revealed that it is required for the
vacuolar configuration of growing root cells. The contribution of CME to the vacuole
configuration process co-occurs with the induction of post-trans-Golgi network
(TGN)/early endosome (EE) trafficking with the participation of the Rab GTPases
ARA6 and ARA7. Our results show that the CME plays an active role during vacuole
configuration, most probably carrying the material that allows the establishment
of the vacuole in elongating cells. Since membrane trafficking through the EE/TGN
is required to reach the vacuole, additional players must be defined.
acknowledgement: "This research was supported by FONDECYT grants 1170950 and 1211311
and by ANID PhD fellowship 2020-21201663 to PhD student CO-N. The microscopes used
in this work were funded by grants FONDEQUIP #EQM 140019 and #EQM12-0003 at the
Advanced Microscopy Unit of the Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University
of Chile.\r\nWe thank Jiri Friml for donating the XVE»AUXILIN-LIKE2 (AX2) line to
support our research. We wish to acknowledge the active and helpful discussion of
all the members of the LNM team and the Plant Molecular Biology Centre at Universidad
de Chile."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Claudio
full_name: Osorio-Navarro, Claudio
last_name: Osorio-Navarro
- first_name: Gabriel
full_name: Neira-Valenzuela, Gabriel
last_name: Neira-Valenzuela
- first_name: Paula
full_name: Sierra, Paula
last_name: Sierra
- first_name: Maciek
full_name: Adamowski, Maciek
id: 45F536D2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Adamowski
orcid: 0000-0001-6463-5257
- first_name: Jorge
full_name: Toledo, Jorge
last_name: Toledo
- first_name: Lorena
full_name: Norambuena, Lorena
last_name: Norambuena
citation:
ama: Osorio-Navarro C, Neira-Valenzuela G, Sierra P, Adamowski M, Toledo J, Norambuena
L. The configuration of the vacuole is driven by clathrin-mediated trafficking
in root cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany.
2025;76(10):2700-2714. doi:10.1093/jxb/eraf084
apa: Osorio-Navarro, C., Neira-Valenzuela, G., Sierra, P., Adamowski, M., Toledo,
J., & Norambuena, L. (2025). The configuration of the vacuole is driven by
clathrin-mediated trafficking in root cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal
of Experimental Botany. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraf084
chicago: Osorio-Navarro, Claudio, Gabriel Neira-Valenzuela, Paula Sierra, Maciek
Adamowski, Jorge Toledo, and Lorena Norambuena. “The Configuration of the Vacuole
Is Driven by Clathrin-Mediated Trafficking in Root Cells of Arabidopsis Thaliana.”
Journal of Experimental Botany. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraf084.
ieee: C. Osorio-Navarro, G. Neira-Valenzuela, P. Sierra, M. Adamowski, J. Toledo,
and L. Norambuena, “The configuration of the vacuole is driven by clathrin-mediated
trafficking in root cells of Arabidopsis thaliana,” Journal of Experimental
Botany, vol. 76, no. 10. Oxford University Press, pp. 2700–2714, 2025.
ista: Osorio-Navarro C, Neira-Valenzuela G, Sierra P, Adamowski M, Toledo J, Norambuena
L. 2025. The configuration of the vacuole is driven by clathrin-mediated trafficking
in root cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany. 76(10),
2700–2714.
mla: Osorio-Navarro, Claudio, et al. “The Configuration of the Vacuole Is Driven
by Clathrin-Mediated Trafficking in Root Cells of Arabidopsis Thaliana.” Journal
of Experimental Botany, vol. 76, no. 10, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp.
2700–14, doi:10.1093/jxb/eraf084.
short: C. Osorio-Navarro, G. Neira-Valenzuela, P. Sierra, M. Adamowski, J. Toledo,
L. Norambuena, Journal of Experimental Botany 76 (2025) 2700–2714.
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:01Z
date_published: 2025-07-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:04:16Z
day: '02'
department:
- _id: JiFr
doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraf084
external_id:
isi:
- '001482869200001'
pmid:
- '40056424'
intvolume: ' 76'
isi: 1
issue: '10'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: 2700-2714
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Experimental Botany
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1460-2431
issn:
- 0022-0957
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The configuration of the vacuole is driven by clathrin-mediated trafficking
in root cells of Arabidopsis thaliana
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 76
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: diamond
_id: '20032'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We propose Scalable Mechanistic Neural Network (S-MNN), an enhanced neural
network framework designed for scientific machine learning applications involving
long temporal sequences. By reformulating the original Mechanistic Neural Network
(MNN) (Pervez et al., 2024), we reduce the computational time and space complexities
from cubic and quadratic with respect to the sequence length, respectively, to
linear. This significant improvement enables efficient modeling of long-term dynamics
without sacrificing accuracy or interpretability. Extensive experiments demonstrate
that S-MNN matches the original MNN in precision while substantially reducing
computational resources. Consequently, S-MNN can drop-in replace the original
MNN in applications, providing a practical and efficient tool for integrating
mechanistic bottlenecks into neural network models of complex dynamical systems.
Source code is available at https://github.com/IST-DASLab/ScalableMNN.
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jiale
full_name: Chen, Jiale
id: 4d0a9064-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-ec046c604785
last_name: Chen
orcid: 0000-0001-5337-5875
- first_name: Dingling
full_name: Yao, Dingling
id: d3e02e50-48a8-11ee-8f62-c108061797fa
last_name: Yao
- first_name: Adeel A
full_name: Pervez, Adeel A
id: fca6d90c-d47f-11ee-bc87-93ff51604981
last_name: Pervez
- first_name: Dan-Adrian
full_name: Alistarh, Dan-Adrian
id: 4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Alistarh
orcid: 0000-0003-3650-940X
- first_name: Francesco
full_name: Locatello, Francesco
id: 26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4
last_name: Locatello
orcid: 0000-0002-4850-0683
citation:
ama: 'Chen J, Yao D, Pervez AA, Alistarh D-A, Locatello F. Scalable mechanistic
neural networks. In: 13th International Conference on Learning Representations.
ICLR; 2025:63716-63737.'
apa: 'Chen, J., Yao, D., Pervez, A. A., Alistarh, D.-A., & Locatello, F. (2025).
Scalable mechanistic neural networks. In 13th International Conference on Learning
Representations (pp. 63716–63737). Singapore, Singapore: ICLR.'
chicago: Chen, Jiale, Dingling Yao, Adeel A Pervez, Dan-Adrian Alistarh, and Francesco
Locatello. “Scalable Mechanistic Neural Networks.” In 13th International Conference
on Learning Representations, 63716–37. ICLR, 2025.
ieee: J. Chen, D. Yao, A. A. Pervez, D.-A. Alistarh, and F. Locatello, “Scalable
mechanistic neural networks,” in 13th International Conference on Learning
Representations, Singapore, Singapore, 2025, pp. 63716–63737.
ista: 'Chen J, Yao D, Pervez AA, Alistarh D-A, Locatello F. 2025. Scalable mechanistic
neural networks. 13th International Conference on Learning Representations. ICLR:
International Conference on Learning Representations, 63716–63737.'
mla: Chen, Jiale, et al. “Scalable Mechanistic Neural Networks.” 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR, 2025, pp. 63716–37.
short: J. Chen, D. Yao, A.A. Pervez, D.-A. Alistarh, F. Locatello, in:, 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR, 2025, pp. 63716–63737.
conference:
end_date: 2025-04-28
location: Singapore, Singapore
name: 'ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations'
start_date: 2025-04-24
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:01Z
date_published: 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:03:11Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: DaAl
- _id: FrLo
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2410.06074'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 64cfdb12ae3e4e8ba57b1403e1066776
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-07-22T07:58:22Z
date_updated: 2025-07-22T07:58:22Z
file_id: '20065'
file_name: 2025_ICLR_Chen.pdf
file_size: 732745
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-07-22T07:58:22Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 63716-63737
publication: 13th International Conference on Learning Representations
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9798331320850'
publication_status: published
publisher: ICLR
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: software
url: https://github.com/IST-DASLab/ScalableMNN
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Scalable mechanistic neural networks
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: diamond
_id: '20033'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'A growing number of machine learning scenarios rely on knowledge distillation
where one uses the output of a surrogate model as labels to supervise the training
of a target model. In this work, we provide a sharp characterization of this process
for ridgeless, high-dimensional regression, under two settings: (i) model shift,
where the surrogate model is arbitrary, and (ii) distribution shift, where the
surrogate model is the solution of empirical risk minimization with out-of-distribution
data. In both cases, we characterize the precise risk of the target model through
non-asymptotic bounds in terms of sample size and data distribution under mild
conditions. As a consequence, we identify the form of the optimal surrogate model,
which reveals the benefits and limitations of discarding weak features in a data-dependent
fashion. In the context of weak-to-strong (W2S) generalization, this has the interpretation
that (i) W2S training, with the surrogate as the weak model, can provably outperform
training with strong labels under the same data budget, but (ii) it is unable
to improve the data scaling law. We validate our results on numerical experiments
both on ridgeless regression and on neural network architectures.'
acknowledgement: M.E.I., H.A.G., E.O.T., S.O. are supported by the NSF grants CCF-2046816,
CCF-2403075, the Office of Naval Research grant N000142412289, an OpenAI Agentic
AI Systems grant, and gifts by Open Philanthropy and Google Research. M. M. is funded
by the European Union (ERC, INF2, project number 101161364). Views and opinions
expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect
those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither
the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: M.
full_name: Emrullah Ildiz, M.
last_name: Emrullah Ildiz
- first_name: Halil Alperen
full_name: Gozeten, Halil Alperen
last_name: Gozeten
- first_name: Ege Onur
full_name: Taga, Ege Onur
last_name: Taga
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Mondelli, Marco
id: 27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425
last_name: Mondelli
orcid: 0000-0002-3242-7020
- first_name: Samet
full_name: Oymak, Samet
last_name: Oymak
citation:
ama: 'Emrullah Ildiz M, Gozeten HA, Taga EO, Mondelli M, Oymak S. High-dimensional
analysis of knowledge distillation: Weak-to-Strong generalization and scaling
laws. In: 13th International Conference on Learning Representations. ICLR;
2025:2967-3006.'
apa: 'Emrullah Ildiz, M., Gozeten, H. A., Taga, E. O., Mondelli, M., & Oymak,
S. (2025). High-dimensional analysis of knowledge distillation: Weak-to-Strong
generalization and scaling laws. In 13th International Conference on Learning
Representations (pp. 2967–3006). Singapore, Singapore: ICLR.'
chicago: 'Emrullah Ildiz, M., Halil Alperen Gozeten, Ege Onur Taga, Marco Mondelli,
and Samet Oymak. “High-Dimensional Analysis of Knowledge Distillation: Weak-to-Strong
Generalization and Scaling Laws.” In 13th International Conference on Learning
Representations, 2967–3006. ICLR, 2025.'
ieee: 'M. Emrullah Ildiz, H. A. Gozeten, E. O. Taga, M. Mondelli, and S. Oymak,
“High-dimensional analysis of knowledge distillation: Weak-to-Strong generalization
and scaling laws,” in 13th International Conference on Learning Representations,
Singapore, Singapore, 2025, pp. 2967–3006.'
ista: 'Emrullah Ildiz M, Gozeten HA, Taga EO, Mondelli M, Oymak S. 2025. High-dimensional
analysis of knowledge distillation: Weak-to-Strong generalization and scaling
laws. 13th International Conference on Learning Representations. ICLR: International
Conference on Learning Representations, 2967–3006.'
mla: 'Emrullah Ildiz, M., et al. “High-Dimensional Analysis of Knowledge Distillation:
Weak-to-Strong Generalization and Scaling Laws.” 13th International Conference
on Learning Representations, ICLR, 2025, pp. 2967–3006.'
short: M. Emrullah Ildiz, H.A. Gozeten, E.O. Taga, M. Mondelli, S. Oymak, in:, 13th
International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR, 2025, pp. 2967–3006.
conference:
end_date: 2025-04-28
location: Singapore, Singapore
name: 'ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations'
start_date: 2025-04-24
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:02Z
date_published: 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:33:58Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: MaMo
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2410.18837'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 5a38b093ebb4ee4eb662ea142621a5ca
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-08-04T08:32:38Z
date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:32:38Z
file_id: '20112'
file_name: 2025_ICLR_Ildiz.pdf
file_size: 528171
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:32:38Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2967-3006
project:
- _id: 911e6d1f-16d5-11f0-9cad-c5c68c6a1cdf
grant_number: '101161364'
name: 'Inference in High Dimensions: Light-speed Algorithms and Information Limits'
publication: 13th International Conference on Learning Representations
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9798331320850'
publication_status: published
publisher: ICLR
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'High-dimensional analysis of knowledge distillation: Weak-to-Strong generalization
and scaling laws'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: diamond
_id: '20034'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We introduce LDAdam, a memory-efficient optimizer for training large models,
that performs adaptive optimization steps within lower dimensional subspaces,
while consistently exploring the full parameter space during training. This strategy
keeps the optimizer's memory footprint to a fraction of the model size. LDAdam
relies on a new projection-aware update rule for the optimizer states that allows
for transitioning between subspaces, i.e., estimation of the statistics of the
projected gradients. To mitigate the errors due to low-rank projection, LDAdam
integrates a new generalized error feedback mechanism, which explicitly accounts
for both gradient and optimizer state compression. We prove the convergence of
LDAdam under standard assumptions, and provide empirical evidence that LDAdam
allows for efficient fine-tuning and pre-training of language models.
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Robert, Thomas
last_name: Robert
- first_name: Mher
full_name: Safaryan, Mher
id: dd546b39-0804-11ed-9c55-ef075c39778d
last_name: Safaryan
- first_name: Ionut-Vlad
full_name: Modoranu, Ionut-Vlad
id: 449f7a18-f128-11eb-9611-9b430c0c6333
last_name: Modoranu
- first_name: Dan-Adrian
full_name: Alistarh, Dan-Adrian
id: 4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Alistarh
orcid: 0000-0003-3650-940X
citation:
ama: 'Robert T, Safaryan M, Modoranu I-V, Alistarh D-A. LDAdam: Adaptive optimization
from low-dimensional gradient statistics. In: 13th International Conference
on Learning Representations. ICLR; 2025:101877-101913.'
apa: 'Robert, T., Safaryan, M., Modoranu, I.-V., & Alistarh, D.-A. (2025). LDAdam:
Adaptive optimization from low-dimensional gradient statistics. In 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations (pp. 101877–101913). Singapore, Singapore:
ICLR.'
chicago: 'Robert, Thomas, Mher Safaryan, Ionut-Vlad Modoranu, and Dan-Adrian Alistarh.
“LDAdam: Adaptive Optimization from Low-Dimensional Gradient Statistics.” In 13th
International Conference on Learning Representations, 101877–913. ICLR, 2025.'
ieee: 'T. Robert, M. Safaryan, I.-V. Modoranu, and D.-A. Alistarh, “LDAdam: Adaptive
optimization from low-dimensional gradient statistics,” in 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations, Singapore, Singapore, 2025, pp. 101877–101913.'
ista: 'Robert T, Safaryan M, Modoranu I-V, Alistarh D-A. 2025. LDAdam: Adaptive
optimization from low-dimensional gradient statistics. 13th International Conference
on Learning Representations. ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations,
101877–101913.'
mla: 'Robert, Thomas, et al. “LDAdam: Adaptive Optimization from Low-Dimensional
Gradient Statistics.” 13th International Conference on Learning Representations,
ICLR, 2025, pp. 101877–913.'
short: T. Robert, M. Safaryan, I.-V. Modoranu, D.-A. Alistarh, in:, 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR, 2025, pp. 101877–101913.
conference:
end_date: 2025-04-28
location: Singapore, Singapore
name: 'ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations'
start_date: 2025-04-24
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:02Z
date_published: 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:41:10Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: DaAl
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2410.16103'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 9327d82569358d7bf1c3ec1a9952e721
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-08-04T08:39:51Z
date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:39:51Z
file_id: '20113'
file_name: 2025_ICLR_Robert.pdf
file_size: 1346111
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:39:51Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 101877-101913
publication: 13th International Conference on Learning Representations
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9798331320850'
publication_status: published
publisher: ICLR
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: software
url: https://github.com/IST-DASLab/LDAdam
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'LDAdam: Adaptive optimization from low-dimensional gradient statistics'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: diamond
_id: '20035'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Deep neural networks (DNNs) at convergence consistently represent the training
data in the last layer via a geometric structure referred to as neural collapse.
This empirical evidence has spurred a line of theoretical research aimed at proving
the emergence of neural collapse, mostly focusing on the unconstrained features
model. Here, the features of the penultimate layer are free variables, which makes
the model data-agnostic and puts into question its ability to capture DNN training.
Our work addresses the issue, moving away from unconstrained features and\r\nstudying
DNNs that end with at least two linear layers. We first prove generic guarantees
on neural collapse that assume (i) low training error and balancedness of linear
layers (for within-class variability collapse), and (ii) bounded conditioning
of the features before the linear part (for orthogonality of class-means, and
their alignment with weight matrices). The balancedness refers to the fact that
W⊤ℓ+1Wℓ+1 ≈ WℓW⊤ℓfor any pair of consecutive weight matrices of the linear part,
and the bounded conditioning requires a well-behaved ratio between largest and
smallest non-zero singular values of the features. We then show that such assumptions
hold for gradient descent training with weight decay: (i) for networks with a
wide first layer, we prove low training error and balancedness, and (ii) for solutions
that are either nearly optimal or stable under large learning rates, we additionally
prove the bounded conditioning. Taken together, our results are the first to show
neural collapse in the end-to-end training of DNNs."
acknowledgement: M. M. and P. S. are funded by the European Union (ERC, INF2, project
number 101161364). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s)
only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European
Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority
can be held responsible for them.
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Arthur
full_name: Jacot, Arthur
last_name: Jacot
- first_name: Peter
full_name: Súkeník, Peter
id: d64d6a8d-eb8e-11eb-b029-96fd216dec3c
last_name: Súkeník
- first_name: Zihan
full_name: Wang, Zihan
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Mondelli, Marco
id: 27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425
last_name: Mondelli
orcid: 0000-0002-3242-7020
citation:
ama: 'Jacot A, Súkeník P, Wang Z, Mondelli M. Wide neural networks trained with
weight decay provably exhibit neural collapse. In: 13th International Conference
on Learning Representations. ICLR; 2025:1905-1931.'
apa: 'Jacot, A., Súkeník, P., Wang, Z., & Mondelli, M. (2025). Wide neural networks
trained with weight decay provably exhibit neural collapse. In 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations (pp. 1905–1931). Singapore, Singapore:
ICLR.'
chicago: Jacot, Arthur, Peter Súkeník, Zihan Wang, and Marco Mondelli. “Wide Neural
Networks Trained with Weight Decay Provably Exhibit Neural Collapse.” In 13th
International Conference on Learning Representations, 1905–31. ICLR, 2025.
ieee: A. Jacot, P. Súkeník, Z. Wang, and M. Mondelli, “Wide neural networks trained
with weight decay provably exhibit neural collapse,” in 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations, Singapore, Singapore, 2025, pp. 1905–1931.
ista: 'Jacot A, Súkeník P, Wang Z, Mondelli M. 2025. Wide neural networks trained
with weight decay provably exhibit neural collapse. 13th International Conference
on Learning Representations. ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations,
1905–1931.'
mla: Jacot, Arthur, et al. “Wide Neural Networks Trained with Weight Decay Provably
Exhibit Neural Collapse.” 13th International Conference on Learning Representations,
ICLR, 2025, pp. 1905–31.
short: A. Jacot, P. Súkeník, Z. Wang, M. Mondelli, in:, 13th International Conference
on Learning Representations, ICLR, 2025, pp. 1905–1931.
conference:
end_date: 2025-04-28
location: Singapore, Singapore
name: 'ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations'
start_date: 2025-04-24
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:02Z
date_published: 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:47:00Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: MaMo
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2410.04887'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 59c48c173887139647cc9839c0801136
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-08-04T08:45:43Z
date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:45:43Z
file_id: '20114'
file_name: 2025_ICLR_Jacot.pdf
file_size: 1337236
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:45:43Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1905-1931
project:
- _id: 911e6d1f-16d5-11f0-9cad-c5c68c6a1cdf
grant_number: '101161364'
name: 'Inference in High Dimensions: Light-speed Algorithms and Information Limits'
publication: 13th International Conference on Learning Representations
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9798331320850'
publication_status: published
publisher: ICLR
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Wide neural networks trained with weight decay provably exhibit neural collapse
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: diamond
_id: '20036'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'We introduce NeCo: Patch Neighbor Consistency, a novel self-supervised training
loss that enforces patch-level nearest neighbor consistency across a student and
teacher model. Compared to contrastive approaches that only yield binary learning
signals, i.e. "attract" and "repel", this approach benefits from the more fine-grained
learning signal of sorting spatially dense features relative to reference patches.
Our method leverages differentiable sorting applied on top of pretrained representations,
such as DINOv2-registers to bootstrap the learning signal and further improve
upon them. This dense post-pretraining leads to superior performance across various
models and datasets, despite requiring only 19 hours on a single GPU. This method
generates high-quality dense feature encoders and establishes several new state-of-the-art
results such as +2.3 % and +4.2% for non-parametric in-context semantic segmentation
on ADE20k and Pascal VOC, +1.6% and +4.8% for linear segmentation evaluations
on COCO-Things and -Stuff and improvements in the 3D understanding of multi-view
consistency on SPair-71k, by more than 1.5%.'
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Valentinos
full_name: Pariza, Valentinos
last_name: Pariza
- first_name: Mohammadreza
full_name: Salehi, Mohammadreza
last_name: Salehi
- first_name: Gertjan
full_name: Burghouts, Gertjan
last_name: Burghouts
- first_name: Francesco
full_name: Locatello, Francesco
id: 26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4
last_name: Locatello
orcid: 0000-0002-4850-0683
- first_name: Yuki M.
full_name: Asano, Yuki M.
last_name: Asano
citation:
ama: 'Pariza V, Salehi M, Burghouts G, Locatello F, Asano YM. Near, far: Patch-ordering
enhances vision foundation models’ scene understanding. In: 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations. ICLR; 2025:72303-72330.'
apa: 'Pariza, V., Salehi, M., Burghouts, G., Locatello, F., & Asano, Y. M. (2025).
Near, far: Patch-ordering enhances vision foundation models’ scene understanding.
In 13th International Conference on Learning Representations (pp. 72303–72330).
Singapore, Singapore: ICLR.'
chicago: 'Pariza, Valentinos, Mohammadreza Salehi, Gertjan Burghouts, Francesco
Locatello, and Yuki M. Asano. “Near, Far: Patch-Ordering Enhances Vision Foundation
Models’ Scene Understanding.” In 13th International Conference on Learning
Representations, 72303–30. ICLR, 2025.'
ieee: 'V. Pariza, M. Salehi, G. Burghouts, F. Locatello, and Y. M. Asano, “Near,
far: Patch-ordering enhances vision foundation models’ scene understanding,” in
13th International Conference on Learning Representations, Singapore, Singapore,
2025, pp. 72303–72330.'
ista: 'Pariza V, Salehi M, Burghouts G, Locatello F, Asano YM. 2025. Near, far:
Patch-ordering enhances vision foundation models’ scene understanding. 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations. ICLR: International Conference on Learning
Representations, 72303–72330.'
mla: 'Pariza, Valentinos, et al. “Near, Far: Patch-Ordering Enhances Vision Foundation
Models’ Scene Understanding.” 13th International Conference on Learning Representations,
ICLR, 2025, pp. 72303–30.'
short: V. Pariza, M. Salehi, G. Burghouts, F. Locatello, Y.M. Asano, in:, 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR, 2025, pp. 72303–72330.
conference:
end_date: 2025-04-28
location: Singapore, Singapore
name: 'ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations'
start_date: 2025-04-24
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:03Z
date_published: 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:10:55Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: FrLo
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2408.11054'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: ddbe981f3ad3f6cb6daf12c954822eb8
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-08-04T08:09:43Z
date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:09:43Z
file_id: '20109'
file_name: 2025_ICLR_Pariza.pdf
file_size: 37788223
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:09:43Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 72303-72330
publication: 13th International Conference on Learning Representations
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9798331320850'
publication_status: published
publisher: ICLR
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Near, far: Patch-ordering enhances vision foundation models'' scene understanding'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: diamond
_id: '20037'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Disentangling polysemantic neurons is at the core of many current approaches
to interpretability of large language models. Here we attempt to study how disentanglement
can be used to understand performance, particularly under weight sparsity, a leading
post-training optimization technique. We suggest a novel measure for estimating
neuronal entanglement: the Wasserstein distance of a neuron''s output distribution
to a Gaussian. Moreover, we show the existence of a small number of highly entangled
"Wasserstein Neurons" in each linear layer of an LLM, characterized by their highly
non-Gaussian output distributions, their role in mapping similar inputs to dissimilar
outputs, and their significant impact on model accuracy. To study these phenomena,
we propose a new experimental framework for disentangling polysemantic neurons.
Our framework separates each layer''s inputs to create a mixture of experts where
each neuron''s output is computed by a mixture of neurons of lower Wasserstein
distance, each better at maintaining accuracy when sparsified without retraining.
We provide strong evidence that this is because the mixture of sparse experts
is effectively disentangling the input-output relationship of individual neurons,
in particular the difficult Wasserstein neurons.'
acknowledgement: "The authors would like to extend their gratitude to Lori Leu for
her insightful comments on the\r\napplication of the Wasserstein distance metric.
We also wish to thank Elias Frantar for his help in\r\nworking with the SparseGPT
implementation and his advice for the project. Additionally, we would like to thank
Tony Tong Wang and Thomas Athey for their valuable feedback and constructive discussions.\r\nThis
work was supported by an NIH Brains CONNECTS U01 grant and AMD’s AI & HPC Fund."
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Shashata
full_name: Sawmya, Shashata
last_name: Sawmya
- first_name: Linghao
full_name: Kong, Linghao
last_name: Kong
- first_name: Ilia
full_name: Markov, Ilia
id: D0CF4148-C985-11E9-8066-0BDEE5697425
last_name: Markov
- first_name: Dan-Adrian
full_name: Alistarh, Dan-Adrian
id: 4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Alistarh
orcid: 0000-0003-3650-940X
- first_name: Nir
full_name: Shavit, Nir
last_name: Shavit
citation:
ama: 'Sawmya S, Kong L, Markov I, Alistarh D-A, Shavit N. Wasserstein distances,
neuronal entanglement, and sparsity. In: 13th International Conference on Learning
Representations. ICLR; 2025:26244-26274.'
apa: 'Sawmya, S., Kong, L., Markov, I., Alistarh, D.-A., & Shavit, N. (2025).
Wasserstein distances, neuronal entanglement, and sparsity. In 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations (pp. 26244–26274). Singapore, Singapore:
ICLR.'
chicago: Sawmya, Shashata, Linghao Kong, Ilia Markov, Dan-Adrian Alistarh, and Nir
Shavit. “Wasserstein Distances, Neuronal Entanglement, and Sparsity.” In 13th
International Conference on Learning Representations, 26244–74. ICLR, 2025.
ieee: S. Sawmya, L. Kong, I. Markov, D.-A. Alistarh, and N. Shavit, “Wasserstein
distances, neuronal entanglement, and sparsity,” in 13th International Conference
on Learning Representations, Singapore, Singapore, 2025, pp. 26244–26274.
ista: 'Sawmya S, Kong L, Markov I, Alistarh D-A, Shavit N. 2025. Wasserstein distances,
neuronal entanglement, and sparsity. 13th International Conference on Learning
Representations. ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations, 26244–26274.'
mla: Sawmya, Shashata, et al. “Wasserstein Distances, Neuronal Entanglement, and
Sparsity.” 13th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR,
2025, pp. 26244–74.
short: S. Sawmya, L. Kong, I. Markov, D.-A. Alistarh, N. Shavit, in:, 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR, 2025, pp. 26244–26274.
conference:
end_date: 2025-04-28
location: Singapore, Singapore
name: 'ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations'
start_date: 2025-04-24
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:03Z
date_published: 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:16:43Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: DaAl
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2405.15756'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 39a8fa7dbdd7029859e156f53f20f6bc
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-08-04T08:14:09Z
date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:14:09Z
file_id: '20110'
file_name: 2025_ICLR_Sawmya.pdf
file_size: 5447177
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:14:09Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 26244-26274
publication: 13th International Conference on Learning Representations
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9798331320850'
publication_status: published
publisher: ICLR
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: software
url: https://github.com/Shavit-Lab/Sparse-Expansion
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Wasserstein distances, neuronal entanglement, and sparsity
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: diamond
_id: '20038'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Pruning eliminates unnecessary parameters in neural networks; it offers a
promising solution to the growing computational demands of large language models
(LLMs). While many focus on post-training pruning, sparse pre-training--which
combines pruning and pre-training into a single phase--provides a simpler alternative.
In this work, we present the first systematic exploration of optimal sparse pre-training
configurations for LLMs through an examination of 80 unique pruning schedules
across different sparsity levels and training durations. We find that initiating
pruning at 25% of total training compute and concluding at 75% achieves near-optimal
final evaluation loss. These findings provide valuable insights for efficient
and effective sparse pre-training of LLMs. Furthermore, we propose a new scaling
law that modifies the Chinchilla scaling law to use the average parameter count
over pre-training. Through empirical and theoretical validation, we demonstrate
that this modified scaling law accurately models evaluation loss for both sparsely
and densely pre-trained LLMs, unifying scaling laws across pre-training paradigms.
Our findings indicate that while sparse pre-training achieves the same final model
quality as dense pre-training for equivalent compute budgets, it provides substantial
benefits through reduced model size, enabling significant potential computational
savings during inference.
acknowledgement: "We are deeply grateful to Elias Frantar, Naveen Kumar, Sanjiv Kumar,
Daniel\r\nM. Roy, and Clemens Schaefer for their valuable feedback and thoughtful
review of this paper.\r\nWe also acknowledge the critical support provided by the
Google CoreML Performance Team, and Google Research during this project. We further
recognize the extended team at Google DeepMind, who enabled and supported this research
direction.\r\nThis work was in part supported by the Sloan Foundation, the MIT-IBM
Watson AI Lab, Apple, and SRC JUMP 2.0 (CoCoSys)."
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Tian
full_name: Jin, Tian
last_name: Jin
- first_name: Ahmed Imtiaz
full_name: Humayun, Ahmed Imtiaz
last_name: Humayun
- first_name: Utku
full_name: Evci, Utku
last_name: Evci
- first_name: Suvinay
full_name: Subramanian, Suvinay
last_name: Subramanian
- first_name: Amir
full_name: Yazdanbakhsh, Amir
last_name: Yazdanbakhsh
- first_name: Dan-Adrian
full_name: Alistarh, Dan-Adrian
id: 4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Alistarh
orcid: 0000-0003-3650-940X
- first_name: Gintare Karolina
full_name: Dziugaite, Gintare Karolina
last_name: Dziugaite
citation:
ama: 'Jin T, Humayun AI, Evci U, et al. The journey matters: Average parameter count
over pre-training unifies sparse and dense scaling laws. In: 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations. ICLR; 2025:85165-85181.'
apa: 'Jin, T., Humayun, A. I., Evci, U., Subramanian, S., Yazdanbakhsh, A., Alistarh,
D.-A., & Dziugaite, G. K. (2025). The journey matters: Average parameter count
over pre-training unifies sparse and dense scaling laws. In 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations (pp. 85165–85181). Singapore, Singapore:
ICLR.'
chicago: 'Jin, Tian, Ahmed Imtiaz Humayun, Utku Evci, Suvinay Subramanian, Amir
Yazdanbakhsh, Dan-Adrian Alistarh, and Gintare Karolina Dziugaite. “The Journey
Matters: Average Parameter Count over Pre-Training Unifies Sparse and Dense Scaling
Laws.” In 13th International Conference on Learning Representations, 85165–81.
ICLR, 2025.'
ieee: 'T. Jin et al., “The journey matters: Average parameter count over
pre-training unifies sparse and dense scaling laws,” in 13th International
Conference on Learning Representations, Singapore, Singapore, 2025, pp. 85165–85181.'
ista: 'Jin T, Humayun AI, Evci U, Subramanian S, Yazdanbakhsh A, Alistarh D-A, Dziugaite
GK. 2025. The journey matters: Average parameter count over pre-training unifies
sparse and dense scaling laws. 13th International Conference on Learning Representations.
ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations, 85165–85181.'
mla: 'Jin, Tian, et al. “The Journey Matters: Average Parameter Count over Pre-Training
Unifies Sparse and Dense Scaling Laws.” 13th International Conference on Learning
Representations, ICLR, 2025, pp. 85165–81.'
short: T. Jin, A.I. Humayun, U. Evci, S. Subramanian, A. Yazdanbakhsh, D.-A. Alistarh,
G.K. Dziugaite, in:, 13th International Conference on Learning Representations,
ICLR, 2025, pp. 85165–85181.
conference:
end_date: 2025-04-28
location: Singapore, Singapore
name: 'ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations'
start_date: 2025-04-24
date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:03Z
date_published: 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:24:59Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: DaAl
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2501.12486 '
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: dbc27120e9aba67dffbd9e5d513a6803
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-08-04T08:23:47Z
date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:23:47Z
file_id: '20111'
file_name: 2025_ICLR_Jin.pdf
file_size: 704989
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-08-04T08:23:47Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 85165-85181
publication: 13th International Conference on Learning Representations
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9798331320850'
publication_status: published
publisher: ICLR
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The journey matters: Average parameter count over pre-training unifies sparse
and dense scaling laws'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '20040'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Contractive coupling rates have been recently introduced by Conforti as a
tool to establish convex Sobolev inequalities (including modified log-Sobolev
and Poincaré inequality) for some classes of Markov chains. In this work, for
most of the examples discussed by Conforti, we use contractive coupling rates
to prove stronger inequalities, in the form of curvature lower bounds (in entropic
and discrete Bakry–Émery sense) and geodesic convexity of some entropic functionals.
In addition, we recall and give straightforward generalizations of some notions
of coarse Ricci curvature, and we discuss some of their properties and relations
with the concepts of couplings and coupling rates: as an application, we show
exponential contraction of the p-Wasserstein distance for the heat flow in the
aforementioned examples.'
acknowledgement: "The author warmly thanks Jan Maas for suggesting the project and
for his guidance, and Melchior Wirth and Haonan Zhang for useful discussions. The
author is also grateful to an anonymous reviewer for carefully reading the manuscript
and providing many valuable suggestions. The author gratefully acknowledges support
by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme\r\n(grant agreement No. 716117) and by the Austrian Science
Fund (FWF), Project SFB F65."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Francesco
full_name: Pedrotti, Francesco
id: d3ac8ac6-dc8d-11ea-abe3-e2a9628c4c3c
last_name: Pedrotti
citation:
ama: Pedrotti F. Contractive coupling rates and curvature lower bounds for Markov
chains. The Annals of Applied Probability. 2025;35(1):196-250. doi:10.1214/24-aap2113
apa: Pedrotti, F. (2025). Contractive coupling rates and curvature lower bounds
for Markov chains. The Annals of Applied Probability. Institute of Mathematical
Statistics. https://doi.org/10.1214/24-aap2113
chicago: Pedrotti, Francesco. “Contractive Coupling Rates and Curvature Lower Bounds
for Markov Chains.” The Annals of Applied Probability. Institute of Mathematical
Statistics, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1214/24-aap2113.
ieee: F. Pedrotti, “Contractive coupling rates and curvature lower bounds for Markov
chains,” The Annals of Applied Probability, vol. 35, no. 1. Institute of
Mathematical Statistics, pp. 196–250, 2025.
ista: Pedrotti F. 2025. Contractive coupling rates and curvature lower bounds for
Markov chains. The Annals of Applied Probability. 35(1), 196–250.
mla: Pedrotti, Francesco. “Contractive Coupling Rates and Curvature Lower Bounds
for Markov Chains.” The Annals of Applied Probability, vol. 35, no. 1,
Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 2025, pp. 196–250, doi:10.1214/24-aap2113.
short: F. Pedrotti, The Annals of Applied Probability 35 (2025) 196–250.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-07-21T07:49:15Z
date_published: 2025-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-11-05T13:50:07Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: JaMa
doi: 10.1214/24-aap2113
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2308.00516'
isi:
- '001434322900006'
intvolume: ' 35'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.00516
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 196 - 250
project:
- _id: 256E75B8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '716117'
name: Optimal Transport and Stochastic Dynamics
- _id: fc31cba2-9c52-11eb-aca3-ff467d239cd2
grant_number: F6504
name: Taming Complexity in Partial Differential Systems
publication: The Annals of Applied Probability
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1050-5164
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Mathematical Statistics
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '17351'
relation: earlier_version
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Contractive coupling rates and curvature lower bounds for Markov chains
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 35
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '20043'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We establish an isomorphism of complex K-theory of the moduli space M of
“SL n ”-Higgs bundles of degree d and rank n (in the sense of Hausel–Thaddeus)
and twisted complex K-theory of the orbifold M of PGL n -Higgs bundles of degree
e, where (n,d)=(n,e)=1. Along the way, we prove the vanishing of torsion for H
∗ ( M ) and certain twisted complex K-theory groups of M . We also extend Arinkin’s
autoduality of compactified Jacobian to a derived equivalence between SL n -
and PGL n -Hitchin systems over the elliptic locus. In the appendix, we develop
a formalism of G-sheaves of spectra, generalising equivariant homotopy theory
to a relative setting.
acknowledgement: "It is a pleasure to thank Tom Baird for sharing his insights about
vanishing of torsion for H.M{1\r\n2/. Furthermore, we would like to thank him for
bringing [25] to our attention. We also thank Alexander Kupers for enlightening
conversations about the Atiyah–Hirzebruch spectral sequence and for pointing out
a reference. We are grateful to Victoria Hoskins and Simon Pepin-Lehalleur for sharing
a preprint of their recent paper on a motivic version of topological mirror symmetry
and for useful remarks on Section 6. Anne Larsen pointed out that our previous proof
Lemma 4.5 was incomplete, we thank her for bringing this to our attention. We are
grateful to the anonymous referee for many valuable comments that have improved
the paper tremendously. The report we received was one of the most detailed referee
report either of us has ever seen. We thank them for their hard work and the resulting
contribution to this paper. Michael Groechenig was supported by an NSERC discovery
grant and an Alfred P. Sloan\r\nfellowship. Shiyu Shen has received funding from
the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research\r\nand innovation program under the Marie
Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101034413."
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Groechenig, Michael
last_name: Groechenig
- first_name: Shiyu
full_name: Shen, Shiyu
id: 544cccd3-9005-11ec-87bc-94aef1c5b814
last_name: Shen
orcid: 0000-0002-4444-8718
citation:
ama: Groechenig M, Shen S. Complex K-theory of moduli spaces of Higgs bundles. Journal
of the European Mathematical Society. 2025. doi:10.4171/jems/1601
apa: Groechenig, M., & Shen, S. (2025). Complex K-theory of moduli spaces of
Higgs bundles. Journal of the European Mathematical Society. EMS Press.
https://doi.org/10.4171/jems/1601
chicago: Groechenig, Michael, and Shiyu Shen. “Complex K-Theory of Moduli Spaces
of Higgs Bundles.” Journal of the European Mathematical Society. EMS Press,
2025. https://doi.org/10.4171/jems/1601.
ieee: M. Groechenig and S. Shen, “Complex K-theory of moduli spaces of Higgs bundles,”
Journal of the European Mathematical Society. EMS Press, 2025.
ista: Groechenig M, Shen S. 2025. Complex K-theory of moduli spaces of Higgs bundles.
Journal of the European Mathematical Society.
mla: Groechenig, Michael, and Shiyu Shen. “Complex K-Theory of Moduli Spaces of
Higgs Bundles.” Journal of the European Mathematical Society, EMS Press,
2025, doi:10.4171/jems/1601.
short: M. Groechenig, S. Shen, Journal of the European Mathematical Society (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-07-21T07:54:50Z
date_published: 2025-03-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-19T09:24:54Z
day: '20'
department:
- _id: TaHa
doi: 10.4171/jems/1601
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2212.10695'
isi:
- '001608254800001'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.4171/JEMS/1601
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101034413'
name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
publication: Journal of the European Mathematical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1435-9863
issn:
- 1435-9855
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: EMS Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Complex K-theory of moduli spaces of Higgs bundles
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20044'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Genetic trade-offs—which occur when variants that are beneficial in some contexts
of natural selection are harmful in others—can influence a wide range of evolutionary
phenomena, from the maintenance of genetic variation to the evolution of aging
and sex differences. An extensive body of evolutionary theory has focused on the
consequences of such trade-offs, and recent analyses of Fisher’s geometric model
have further quantified the expected proportion of new mutations that exhibit
trade-offs. However, the theory remains silent regarding the prevalence of trade-offs
among the variants that contribute to adaptation. Here, we extend Fisher’s geometric
model to predict the prevalence of trade-offs among the adaptive mutations that
become established or fixed in a population. We consider trade-offs between sexes,
habitats, fitness components, and temporally fluctuating environments. In all
4 scenarios, trade-off alleles are consistently under-represented among established
relative to new beneficial mutations—an effect that arises from the greater susceptibility
of trade-off alleles to genetic drift. Adaptation during a population size decline
exacerbates this deficit of trade-offs among established mutations, whereas population
expansions dampen it. Consequently, threatened populations should primarily adapt
using unconditionally beneficial alleles, while invasive populations are more
prone to adaptation using variants that exhibit trade-offs.
acknowledgement: 'Support for this research came from the European Society of Evolutionary
Biology (ESEB) through a “Special Topics Network” grant. Further financial support
came from the European Research Council (ERC-2023-STG916 #101117517, to C.O.), the
Swedish Research Council (#2022-03603, to C.O.; #2020‑03123, to E.I.S.), the Research
Council of Norway (Norges forskningsråd #302619, to D.G.), the Alexander von Humboldt
Foundation and the GenEvo graduate school (to H.K.), the Foundation for Zoological
Research and the Birgitta Sintring Foundation (#S2024-0007, to M.K.Z.), a postdoctoral
fellowship from the Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnología (to A.N.B.),
and a H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie COFUND Action fellowship (#101034413, to F.R.).
We wish to express our deepest gratitude to Lotte de Vries for extensive discussion
of the project, rederiving some of our results, and providing comments on an earlier
version of the manuscript, and to the European Society of Evolutionary Biology (ESEB)
for a “Special Topics Network” grant that supported workshops that initiated this
collaboration and facilitated many new ideas and friendships. We also thank two
anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions that helped us
to substantially improve upon the original version of the article.'
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Connallon, Tim
last_name: Connallon
- first_name: Peter
full_name: Czuppon, Peter
last_name: Czuppon
- first_name: Colin
full_name: Olito, Colin
last_name: Olito
- first_name: Debora
full_name: Goedert, Debora
last_name: Goedert
- first_name: Hanna
full_name: Kokko, Hanna
last_name: Kokko
- first_name: Angela
full_name: Nava-Bolaños, Angela
last_name: Nava-Bolaños
- first_name: Sofie
full_name: Nilén, Sofie
last_name: Nilén
- first_name: Erik I
full_name: Svensson, Erik I
last_name: Svensson
- first_name: Martyna
full_name: Zwoinska, Martyna
last_name: Zwoinska
- first_name: Ludovic
full_name: Dutoit, Ludovic
last_name: Dutoit
- first_name: Filip
full_name: Ruzicka, Filip
id: 347955dd-57b0-11ee-9095-c28bdd368f4b
last_name: Ruzicka
citation:
ama: Connallon T, Czuppon P, Olito C, et al. Predicting the prevalence of genetic
trade-offs among adaptive substitutions. Evolution. 2025;79(7):1243-1255.
doi:10.1093/evolut/qpaf061
apa: Connallon, T., Czuppon, P., Olito, C., Goedert, D., Kokko, H., Nava-Bolaños,
A., … Ruzicka, F. (2025). Predicting the prevalence of genetic trade-offs among
adaptive substitutions. Evolution. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpaf061
chicago: Connallon, Tim, Peter Czuppon, Colin Olito, Debora Goedert, Hanna Kokko,
Angela Nava-Bolaños, Sofie Nilén, et al. “Predicting the Prevalence of Genetic
Trade-Offs among Adaptive Substitutions.” Evolution. Oxford University
Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpaf061.
ieee: T. Connallon et al., “Predicting the prevalence of genetic trade-offs
among adaptive substitutions,” Evolution, vol. 79, no. 7. Oxford University
Press, pp. 1243–1255, 2025.
ista: Connallon T, Czuppon P, Olito C, Goedert D, Kokko H, Nava-Bolaños A, Nilén
S, Svensson EI, Zwoinska M, Dutoit L, Ruzicka F. 2025. Predicting the prevalence
of genetic trade-offs among adaptive substitutions. Evolution. 79(7), 1243–1255.
mla: Connallon, Tim, et al. “Predicting the Prevalence of Genetic Trade-Offs among
Adaptive Substitutions.” Evolution, vol. 79, no. 7, Oxford University Press,
2025, pp. 1243–55, doi:10.1093/evolut/qpaf061.
short: T. Connallon, P. Czuppon, C. Olito, D. Goedert, H. Kokko, A. Nava-Bolaños,
S. Nilén, E.I. Svensson, M. Zwoinska, L. Dutoit, F. Ruzicka, Evolution 79 (2025)
1243–1255.
date_created: 2025-07-21T07:57:28Z
date_published: 2025-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:06:38Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: BeVi
doi: 10.1093/evolut/qpaf061
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '001477180800001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 68c4c996d0e8c9ee3d4fb61bca75b31a
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-07-22T10:04:57Z
date_updated: 2025-07-22T10:04:57Z
file_id: '20068'
file_name: 2025_Evolution_Connallon.pdf
file_size: 8150623
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-07-22T10:04:57Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 79'
isi: 1
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1243-1255
project:
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101034413'
name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
publication: Evolution
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1558-5646
issn:
- 0014-3820
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Predicting the prevalence of genetic trade-offs among adaptive substitutions
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 79
year: '2025'
...