@article{21484,
  abstract     = {An individual's phenotype reflects a complex interplay of the direct effects of their DNA, epigenetic modifications of their DNA induced by their parents, and indirect effects of their parents' DNA. Here, we derive how the genetic variance within a population is changed under the influence of indirect maternal, paternal and parent-of-origin effects under random mating. We also consider indirect effects of a sibling, in particular how the genetic variance is altered when looking at the phenotypic difference between two siblings. The calculations are then extended to include assortative mating (AM), which alters the variance by inducing increased homozygosity and correlations within and across loci. AM likely leads to covariance of parental genetic effects, a measure of the similarity of parents in the indirect effects they have on their children. We propose that this assortment for parental characteristics, where biological parents create similar environments for their children, can create shared parental effects across traits and the appearance of cross-trait AM. Our theory shows how the resemblance among relatives increases under both AM, indirect and parent-of-origin effects. When our model is used to predict correlations among relatives in human height, we find that explaining the patterns observed in real data requires both indirect genetic effects and assortative mating. The degree to which direct, indirect and epigenetic effects shape the phenotypic variance of complex traits remains an open question that requires large-scale family data to be resolved.},
  author       = {Krätschmer, Ilse and Robinson, Matthew Richard},
  issn         = {1943-2631},
  journal      = {Genetics},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{A quantitative genetic model for indirect genetic effects and genomic imprinting under random and assortative mating}},
  doi          = {10.1093/genetics/iyag042},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{21502,
  abstract     = {The mammalian brain stores glucose, the main circulating energy substrate, as glycogen. In rodents, the cerebellum contains relatively high glycogen levels, yet its cellular and subcellular distribution remains poorly defined. Using monoclonal antibodies against glycogen, we examined its distribution in the mouse cerebellar cortex. Glycogen was predominantly localized to Bergmann glia (BG) processes in the molecular layer and was also detected in Purkinje cells (PCs), the principal cerebellar neurons. To assess the functional significance of cerebellar glycogen, we analyzed behavior in mice lacking glycogen synthase 1 (Gys1) in BG or PCs using a floxed Gys1 line. Gys1 deficiency in either PCs or GFAP-positive cells reduced anxiety-like behavior, whereas combined deletion caused PC degeneration and ataxia. These findings reveal a critical role for glycogen metabolism in both astrocytes and neurons in cerebellar function.},
  author       = {Akther, Sonam and Lee, Ashley Bomin and Konno, Ayumu and Asiminas, Antonis and Vittani, Marta and Mishima, Tsuneko and Hirai, Hirokazu and Meehan, Claire Francesca and Duran, Jordi and Guinovart, Joan and Ashida, Hitoshi and Morita, Tsuyoshi and Baba, Otto and Shigemoto, Ryuichi and Nedergaard, Maiken and Hirase, Hajime},
  issn         = {2589-0042},
  journal      = {iScience},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Distribution and functional significance of rodent cerebellar glycogen}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.isci.2026.115192},
  volume       = {29},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{21436,
  abstract     = {The cobalt-intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide CoxTaS2 hosts a rich landscape of magnetic phases that depend sensitively on x. While the stoichiometric compound with x = 1/3 exhibits a single magnetic transition, samples with x≤0.325 display two transitions with an anomalous Hall effect (AHE) emerging in the lower temperature phase. Here, we resolve the spin structure in each phase by employing a suite of magneto-optical probes that include the discovery of anomalous magneto-birefringence: a spontaneous time-reversal sensitive rotation of the principal optic axes. A symmetry-based analysis identifies the AHE-active phase as an anisotropic (2+1)Q state, in which magnetic modulation at one wavevector (Q) differs in symmetry from that at the remaining two. The (2+1)Q state naturally exhibits scalar spin chirality as a mechanism for the AHE and expands the classification of multi-Q magnetic phases.},
  author       = {Kruppe, Jonathon and Rodriguez, Josue and Xu, Catherine and Analytis, James and Orenstein, Joseph and Sunko, Veronika},
  issn         = {2397-4648},
  journal      = {npj Quantum Materials},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Anisotropic multi-Q order in CoxTaS2}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41535-026-00856-w},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{21986,
  abstract     = {Over the past two decades, molecular electronics has made significant progress toward discovering nanoscale analogues of conventional electronic components, largely enabled by the development of the scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction (STM-BJ) technique. The STM-BJ technique enables precise and highly reproducible measurement of a molecule’s electronic transport properties, making it a powerful technique to explore physiochemical and electrochemical phenomena that are otherwise difficult to access. It has gained substantial popularity in the past 20 years, with experiments becoming increasingly diverse and sophisticated. Despite the wealth of literature, an accessible, practical guide to performing STM-BJ experiments and interpreting the data is largely absent. This tutorial includes a brief background into the development of STM-BJ measurements, followed by detailed explanations of instrumentation, data collection, statistical analysis, variations on standard experiments, and some troubleshooting methods. It is aimed at researchers looking to begin or improve STM-BJ studies in their laboratories, graduate students and postdoctoral researchers learning the technique, and readers seeking to critically evaluate the growing body of STM-BJ literature.},
  author       = {York, Emma and Venkataraman, Latha},
  issn         = {2694-2445},
  journal      = {ACS Physical Chemistry Au},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {408--424},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction technique - A tutorial}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acsphyschemau.6c00026},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{21987,
  abstract     = {We introduce JODIE, a genetic joint modeling approach that estimates how DNA loci influence human traits by partitioning genetic effects into four components: direct effects (from a child’s alleles), indirect maternal and paternal effects (from parents’ alleles), and parent-of-origin (PofO) effects (dependent on parental transmission of alleles), while uniquely accounting for assortative mating. We analyze 30,000 child-mother-father trios from the Estonian Biobank and the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort, focusing on height, body mass index, and childhood educational test scores. We find direct effects to be the largest contributor to trait variation, but combined, indirect parental and PofO effects are similarly substantial. We support our results by within-family genome-wide association testing and identify 276 independently associated DNA regions with a complex interplay between direct, indirect, and PofO effects. By joint modeling, we show that direct, indirect, and PofO effects collectively shape human phenotypic variation across loci genome-wide.},
  author       = {Krätschmer, Ilse and Hegemann, Laura and Hofmeister, Robin J. and Corfield, Elizabeth C. and Mahmoudi, Mahdi and Delaneau, Olivier and Andreassen, Ole A. and Campbell, Archie and Hayward, Caroline and Marioni, Riccardo E. and Ystrom, Eivind and Havdahl, Alexandra and Robinson, Matthew Richard},
  issn         = {2666-979X},
  journal      = {Cell Genomics},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Separating direct, indirect, and parent-of-origin genetic effects in the human population}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.xgen.2026.101277},
  year         = {2026},
}

@unpublished{21994,
  abstract     = {Adaptive plant development is orchestrated, among others, by directional, intercellular transport of the phytohormone auxin. Self-organizing development, such as flexible vasculature formation, depends on so-called auxin canalization, manifested by the gradual formation of auxin transport channels through feedback between auxin signalling and transport. Herein, we identify MAKR6 as an important, novel component in this feedback. MAKR6 expression accumulates strongly in vascular cells and is tightly regulated by auxin via the Aux/IAA-ARF-WRKY23 transcriptional network. MAKR6 is required for auxin canalization-dependent processes, including leaf venation, vasculature regeneration, and de novo auxin channel formation from local auxin sources. Mechanistically, MAKR6 interacts with the PIN1 auxin transporter, modulating its trafficking and polarization. MAKR6 also associates with and integrates two key receptor-like kinase complexes involved in canalization, TMK1/4 and the CAMEL-CANAR. Together, our study establishes MAKR6 as a multifaceted regulator that couples transcriptional auxin signalling to PIN1 repolarization and coordinates multiple RLK-mediated signalling pathways during canalization. This provides mechanistic insights into auxin canalization and exemplifies a framework for exploring similar regulatory nodes in other developmental contexts.},
  author       = {Ge, Zengxiang and Koczka, Lilla and Mazur, Ewa and Molnar, Gergely and Vladimirtsev, Dmitrii and Kassem, Nada and Ait Ikene, Sara and Fiedler, Lukas and Friml, Jiří},
  booktitle    = {bioRxiv},
  title        = {{MAKR6 integrates TMK and CAMEL/CANAR signalling for auxin canalization in Arabidopsis}},
  doi          = {10.1101/2025.10.07.680881},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{21998,
  abstract     = {Little Red Dots (LRDs), among the most enigmatic high-redshift discoveries by JWST, are commonly believed to be powered by accreting supermassive black holes. Here, we explore the possibility that these sources are globular clusters in formation, with rest-frame UV arising from a very young stellar population and rest-frame optical from a short-lived supermassive (>104 M⊙) star. The spectral profiles of LRDs are broadly consistent with this scenario, though the observed temperatures and bolometric luminosities favor emission reprocessed by optically thick continuum-driven winds not fully captured by current models. The LRD z ∼ 5−7 UV luminosity function naturally evolves, under standard evolutionary and mass-loss prescriptions, into a present-day mass function with a turnover at log10(M*/M⊙) = 5.3 and an exponential cutoff at high masses, consistent with local globular cluster populations. We estimate the total present-day number density of LRDs formed across all redshifts to be ≈0.3 Mpc−3, similar within uncertainties to local globular clusters. The observed LRD redshift range matches the age distribution of metal-poor globular clusters, without current LRD counterparts to the metal-rich population. If LRDs are globular clusters in formation, we predict chemical abundance patterns characteristic of multiple stellar populations, including enhanced He and N, and potential Na–O and Al–Mg anticorrelations. These results offer a local perspective to explore this surprisingly abundant population of distant sources, and a potential new window into extreme stellar astrophysics in the early Universe.},
  author       = {Chisholm, John and Berg, Danielle A. and Boylan-Kolchin, Michael and De Graaff, Anna and Furtak, Lukas J. and Kokorev, Vasily and Matthee, Jorryt J and Muñoz, Julian B. and Naidu, Rohan P. and Sander, Andreas A.C.},
  issn         = {2041-8213},
  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal Letters},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Little Red Dots as globular clusters in formation}},
  doi          = {10.3847/2041-8213/ae6dae},
  volume       = {1004},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{21997,
  abstract     = {The massive binary common envelope (CE) phase plays a pivotal role in the formation of close black hole (BH)/neutron star binaries, yet significant uncertainties remain in our understanding of this process. In this study, we aim to constrain the massive binary CE phase by systematically reconstructing three observed BH X-ray binaries (BHXBs): GRO J1655-40, SAX J1819.3-2525, and 4U 1543-47. Through comprehensive binary evolution simulations and parametric supernova modeling, we establish lower limits for the CE efficiency parameters under different energy considerations within the standard energy formalism. Specifically, we derive minimum values for three cases: α0.5U and αU, representing CE efficiencies with half and all of the internal energy contributing to the envelope ejection, respectively, and αH, accounting for the envelope’s enthalpy. Our analysis reveals that the self-consistent formation of these three BHXBs requires CE efficiency parameters satisfying α0.5U ≳ 6.7, αU ≳ 4.2, and αH ≳ 1.7. Notably, we find no viable solutions with CE efficiency values below unity, even when considering the most extreme scenarios, in which the envelope binding energy is significantly reduced through enthalpy inclusion. Our results strongly imply that either additional energy sources are required or the formalism itself must be revised. Furthermore, we quantitatively assess the impact of BH natal kicks on our results. A key finding is that 4U 1543-47’s formation requires substantial natal kicks (≳50 km s−1), as lower kick velocities are incompatible with isolated binary evolution.},
  author       = {Li, Zhenwei and Wei, Dandan and Jia, Shi and Chen, Hailiang and Ge, Hongwei and Chen, Zhuo and Zhang, Yangyang and Chen, Xuefei and Han, Zhanwen},
  issn         = {1538-4357},
  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{A path to constraints on common envelope ejection in massive binaries: Full evolutionary reconstruction of three Black Hole X-ray binaries}},
  doi          = {10.3847/1538-4357/ae66fd},
  volume       = {1004},
  year         = {2026},
}