@article{20328, abstract = {We consider the standard overlap (math formular) of any bi-orthogonal family of left and right eigenvectors of a large random matrix X with centred i.i.d. entries and we prove that it decays as an inverse second power of the distance between the corresponding eigenvalues. This extends similar results for the complex Gaussian ensemble from Bourgade and Dubach [15], as well as Benaych-Georges and Zeitouni [13], to any i.i.d. matrix ensemble in both symmetry classes. As a main tool, we prove a two-resolvent local law for the Hermitisation of X uniformly in the spectrum with optimal decay rate and optimal dependence on the density near the spectral edge.}, author = {Cipolloni, Giorgio and Erdös, László and Xu, Yuanyuan}, issn = {0022-1236}, journal = {Journal of Functional Analysis}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Optimal decay of eigenvector overlap for non-Hermitian random matrices}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jfa.2025.111180}, volume = {290}, year = {2026}, } @article{20422, abstract = {We show that if n is odd and p>=Clog n/n, then with high probability Hamilton cycles in G(n,p) span its cycle space. More generally, we show this holds for a class of graphs satisfying certain natural pseudorandom properties. The proof is based on a novel idea of parity-switchers, which can be thought of as analogues of absorbers in the context of cycle spaces. As another application of our method, we show that Hamilton cycles in a near-Dirac graph G, that is, a graph G with odd n vertices and minimum degree n/2+C for sufficiently large constant C, span its cycle space. }, author = {Christoph, Micha and Nenadov, Rajko and Petrova, Kalina H}, issn = {1096-0902}, journal = {Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series B}, pages = {254--267}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{The Hamilton space of pseudorandom graphs}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jctb.2025.09.002}, volume = {176}, year = {2026}, } @article{20456, abstract = {Given a locally finite set A⊆Rd and a coloring χ:A→{0,1,…,s}, we introduce the chromatic Delaunay mosaic of χ, which is a Delaunay mosaic in Rs+d that represents how points of different colors mingle. Our main results are bounds on the size of the chromatic Delaunay mosaic, in which we assume that d and s are constants. For example, if A is finite with n=#A, and the coloring is random, then the chromatic Delaunay mosaic has O(n⌈d/2⌉) cells in expectation. In contrast, for Delone sets and Poisson point processes in Rd, the expected number of cells within a closed ball is only a constant times the number of points in this ball. Furthermore, in R2 all colorings of a dense set of n points have chromatic Delaunay mosaics of size O(n). This encourages the use of chromatic Delaunay mosaics in applications.}, author = {Biswas, Ranita and Cultrera di Montesano, Sebastiano and Draganov, Ondrej and Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Saghafian, Morteza}, issn = {1432-0444}, journal = {Discrete and Computational Geometry}, pages = {24--47}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{On the size of chromatic Delaunay mosaics}}, doi = {10.1007/s00454-025-00778-7}, volume = {75}, year = {2026}, } @article{20482, abstract = {In his study of graph codes, Alon introduced the concept of the odd-Ramsey number of a family of graphs H in Kn, defined as the minimum number of colours needed to colour the edges of K so that every copy of a graph H E H intersects some colour class in an odd number of edges. In this paper, we focus on complete bipartite graphs. First, we completely resolve the problem when H is the family of all spanning complete bipartite graphs on n vertices. We then focus on its subfamilies, that is, {Kt,n-t : t E T} for a fixed set of integers T c [[n/2]]. We prove that the odd-Ramsey problem is equivalent to determining the maximum dimension of a linear binary code avoiding codewords of given weights, and leverage known results from coding theory to deduce asymptotically tight bounds in our setting. We conclude with bounds for the odd-Ramsey numbers of fixed (that is, non-spanning) complete bipartite subgraphs.}, author = {Boyadzhiyska, Simona and Das, Shagnik and Lesgourgues, Thomas and Petrova, Kalina H}, issn = {0195-6698}, journal = {European Journal of Combinatorics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Odd-Ramsey numbers of complete bipartite graphs}}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejc.2025.104235}, volume = {131}, year = {2026}, } @misc{20833, abstract = {Sex-chromosome systems are highly variable across animals, but how they transition from one to another is not well understood. Diptera have undergone multiple sex-chromosome turnovers and expansions while maintaining their general chromosomal content, which makes them an ideal clade to study such transitions. We analysed more than 100 dipteran whole-genome assemblies and identified 4 new lineages that underwent sex-chromosome turnover (in addition to the 5 previously reported). We find the majority of turnovers happened in the group Schizophora, which tend to have fewer genes on the F element (the chromosome homologous to the ancestral insect X chromosome) than lower dipterans, a factor previously hypothesized to facilitate turnover. Most derived X chromosomes have higher GC content than autosomes, consistent with a high prevalence of male-achiasmy in Diptera. In addition, an excess of gene movement out of the X is detected for most of these new X chromosomes, and many of these moved genes have high testis expression in Drosophila, suggesting that out-of-X gene movement contributes to the long-term demasculinization of X chromosomes.}, author = {Layana Franco, Lorena Alexandra and Toups, Melissa A and Vicoso, Beatriz}, keywords = {Schizophora, sex chromosomes, sex-chromosome turnover, Diptera, genomic features, out-of-X movement.}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Research Data for 'Causes and consequences of sex-chromosome turnovers in Diptera'}}, doi = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-20833}, year = {2026}, } @article{20963, abstract = {In all domains of life, tRNAs mediate the transfer of genetic information from mRNAs to proteins. As their depletion suppresses translation and, consequently, viral replication, tRNAs represent long-standing and increasingly recognized targets of innate immunity1,2,3,4,5. Here we report Cas12a3 effector nucleases from type V CRISPR–Cas adaptive immune systems in bacteria that preferentially cleave tRNAs after recognition of target RNA. Cas12a3 orthologues belong to one of two previously unreported nuclease clades that exhibit RNA-mediated cleavage of non-target RNA, and are distinct from all other known type V systems. Through cell-based and biochemical assays and direct RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that recognition of a complementary target RNA by the CRISPR RNA triggers Cas12a3 to cleave the conserved 5′-CCA-3′ tail of diverse tRNAs to drive growth arrest and anti-phage defence. Cryogenic electron microscopy structures further revealed a distinct tRNA-loading domain that positions the tRNA tail in the RuvC active site of the nuclease. By designing synthetic reporters that mimic the tRNA acceptor stem and tail, we expanded the capacity of current CRISPR-based diagnostics for multiplexed RNA detection. Overall, these findings reveal widespread tRNA inactivation as a previously unrecognized CRISPR-based immune strategy that broadens the application space of the existing CRISPR toolbox.}, author = {Dmytrenko, Oleg and Yuan, Biao and Crosby, Kadin T. and Krebel, Max and Chen, Xiye and Nowak, Jakub S. and Chramiec-Głąbik, Andrzej and Filani, Bamidele and Gribling-Burrer, Anne-Sophie and van der Toorn, Wiep and von Kleist, Max and Achmedov, Tatjana and Smyth, Redmond P. and Glatt, Sebastian and Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly and Heinz, Dirk W. and Jackson, Ryan N. and Beisel, Chase L.}, issn = {1476-4687}, journal = {Nature}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{RNA-triggered Cas12a3 cleaves tRNA tails to execute bacterial immunity}}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09852-9}, year = {2026}, } @article{20971, abstract = {Mountain glaciers are among the natural systems most vulnerable to climate change. However, their interactions with the atmosphere are complex and not fully understood. These interactions can trigger rapid adjustments and climate feedbacks that either amplify or attenuate atmospheric signals, influencing both glacier response and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Observing this functional coupling in nature is challenging because the key processes occur over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. However, recent advances in observational techniques and modeling have provided new insights into these interactions. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on glacier-atmosphere interactions in high-mountain regions at different scales, and highlight recent advances in observational and numerical modeling. We also highlight important knowledge gaps and outline future research directions to improve the prediction of glacier change in a warming world.}, author = {Sauter, T. and Brock, B. W. and Collier, E. and Goger, B. and Groos, A. R. and Haualand, K. F. and Mott, R. and Nicholson, L. and Prinz, R. and Shaw, Thomas and Stiperski, I. and Georgi, A. and Haugeneder, M. and Mandal, A. and Reynolds, D. and Saigger, M. and Sicart, J. E. and Voordendag, A.}, issn = {1944-9208}, journal = {Reviews of Geophysics}, number = {1}, title = {{Glacier-atmosphere interactions and feedbacks in high-mountain regions - A review}}, doi = {10.1029/2024RG000869}, volume = {64}, year = {2026}, } @article{20972, abstract = {Small amounts of stress are thought to have beneficial effects. A new study reports a mechanism by which the psychedelic drug, psilocybin, causes acute release of stress hormones, despite its known long-term anti-anxiety effects.}, author = {Kücükdereli, Hakan and Douglass, Amelia May Barnett}, issn = {1879-0445}, journal = {Current Biology}, number = {1}, pages = {R27--R29}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Neuroscience: What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger}}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.11.056}, volume = {36}, year = {2026}, } @article{20974, abstract = {Thus far, Lyman-α damping wings towards quasars have been used to probe the global ionization state of the foreground intergalactic medium (IGM). A new parametrization has demonstrated that the damping wing signature also carries local information about the distribution of neutral hydrogen (H I) in front of the quasar before it started shining. Leveraging a recently introduced Bayesian JAX-based Hamiltonian Monte Carlo inference framework, we derive constraints on the Lorentzian-weighted H I column density NDW H I , the quasar’s distance rpatch to the first neutral patch, and its lifetime tQ based on James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) spectra of the two z ∼ 7.5 quasars J1007+2115 and J1342+0928. After folding in model-dependent topology information, we find that J1007+2115 (and J1342+0928) is most likely to reside in a (xH1)= 0.32+0.22 −0.20 (0.58+0.23 −0.23) neutral IGM while shining for a remarkably short lifetime of log10 tQ/yr = 4.14+0.74 −0.18 (an intermediate lifetime of 5.64+0.25 −0.43) along a sightline with log10 NDW H I /cm−2 = 19.70+0.35 −0.86 (20.24+0.25 −0.22) and rpatch = 28.9+54.0 −14.4 cMpc (10.9+5.6−5.9 cMpc). In light of the potential presence of local absorbers in the foreground of J1342+0928 as has been recently suggested, we also demonstrate how the Lorentzian-weighted column density NDW H I provides a natural means for quantifying their contribution to the observed damping wing signal.}, author = {Kist, Timo and Hennawi, Joseph F. and Davies, Frederick B. and Bañados, Eduardo and Bosman, Sarah E.I. and Cai, Zheng and Eilers, Anna Christina and Fan, Xiaohui and Haiman, Zoltán and Jun, Hyunsung D. and Liu, Yichen and Yang, Jinyi and Wang, Feige}, issn = {1365-2966}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{First constraints on the local ionization topology in front of two quasars at z ∼ 7.5}}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/staf2219}, volume = {545}, year = {2026}, } @article{20975, abstract = {Galaxy clusters are the most massive, gravitationally bound structures in the Universe. They emerged through hierarchical structure formation of large-scale dark matter and baryon overdensities. Early galaxy ‘proto-clusters’ are believed to have substantially contributed to the cosmic star-formation rate density and served as ‘hotspots’ for the reionization of the intergalactic medium. Our understanding of the formation of these structures at the earliest cosmic epochs is, however, limited to sparse observations of their galaxy members or is based on phenomenological models and cosmological simulations. Here we report the detection of a large and coherent structure of neutral atomic hydrogen gas (H i) extending from a galaxy proto-cluster at redshift z = 5.4, one billion years after the Big Bang. The presence of this H i gas is revealed by strong damped Lyman-α absorption features observed in several background-galaxy spectra. Although the sight lines overall probe a large range in H i column densities, NHI = 1020 cm−2 to 1023.5 cm−2, they are similar across nearby sight lines, demonstrating that they probe the same dense neutral gas. This observation of a dense large-scale overdensity of cold neutral gas challenges current cosmological simulations and has strong implications for the reionization topology of the Universe.}, author = {Heintz, Kasper E. and Bennett, Jake S. and Oesch, Pascal A. and Sneppen, Albert and Rennehan, Douglas and Pollock, Clara L. and Witstok, Joris and Smit, Renske and Vejlgaard, Simone and Terp, Chamilla and Koca, Umran S. and Brammer, Gabriel B. and Finlator, Kristian and Hayes, Matthew J. and Sijacki, Debora and Naidu, Rohan P. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Valentino, Francesco and Tanvir, Nial R. and Jakobsson, Páll and Laursen, Peter and Watson, Darach J. and Davé, Romeel and Keating, Laura C. and Covelo-Paz, Alba}, issn = {2397-3366}, journal = {Nature Astronomy}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{A dense web of neutral gas in a galaxy proto-cluster post-reionization}}, doi = {10.1038/s41550-025-02745-x}, year = {2026}, } @article{20980, abstract = {Morse decompositions partition the flows in a vector field into equivalent structures. Given such a decomposition, one can define a further summary of its flow structure by what is called a connection matrix. These matrices, a generalization of Morse boundary operators from classical Morse theory, capture the connections made by the flows among the critical structures—such as attractors, repellers, and orbits—in a vector field. Recently, in the context of combinatorial dynamics, an efficient persistence-like algorithm to compute connection matrices has been proposed in Dey, Lipiński, Mrozek, and Slechta [SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst., 23 (2024), pp. 81–97]. We show that, actually, the classical persistence algorithm with exhaustive reduction retrieves connection matrices, both simplifying the algorithm of Dey et al. and bringing the theory of persistence closer to combinatorial dynamical systems. We supplement this main result with an observation: the concept of persistence as defined for scalar fields naturally adapts to Morse decompositions whose Morse sets are filtered with a Lyapunov function. We conclude by presenting preliminary experimental results.}, author = {Dey, Tamal K. and Haas, Andrew and Lipiński, Michał}, issn = {1536-0040}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems}, number = {1}, pages = {108--130}, publisher = {Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics}, title = {{Computing a connection matrix and persistence efficiently from a morse decomposition}}, doi = {10.1137/25m1739406}, volume = {25}, year = {2026}, } @article{20986, abstract = {During complex vocal interactions, different features of acoustic stimuli are integrated to produce appropriate vocal responses,1 such as copying sounds during vocal matching behavior in some animals.2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 However, little is known about the interplay and possible trade-offs between the different temporal and spectral acoustic features during these vocal exchanges.2,13,14 Nightingales can flexibly match the pitch of their tonal “whistle songs” in real time during counter-singing duels.15,16 Here, we show that the syllable duration of whistle playbacks could alter the song responses of wild nightingales, causing their whistle duration distribution to shift toward the presented stimulus duration. When exposed to whistle playbacks featuring unnatural combinations of pitch and duration, nightingales demonstrate a flexible trade-off between pitch matching and temporal imitation, yet they are constrained by their vocal repertoire. They selectively adapted their vocal responses to approximate these novel stimuli, aligning them with their natural whistle repertoire. We developed a computational model of nightingale whistle-matching behavior that revealed a hierarchical organization of acoustic feature production. During whistle matching, the feature integration process is constrained by the duration of syllables, and pitch matching follows within this temporal framework, forcing a trade-off between the two features. Our findings reveal a complex interplay between the spectral and temporal domains that shapes song-matching behavior.}, author = {Calderon Garcia, Juan Sebastian and Costalunga, Giacomo and Vogels, Tim P and Vallentin, Daniela}, issn = {1879-0445}, journal = {Current Biology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Interplay between syllable duration and pitch during whistle matching in wild nightingales}}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.12.025}, year = {2026}, } @article{21001, abstract = {Copper chalcogenides offer high charge mobility and low lattice thermal conductivity but suffer from structural instability due to dynamic Cu+ migration. Here, we report a colloidal hot-injection synthesis of ternary cesium copper selenide (CsCu5Se3) nanocrystals (NCs), achieving precise control over phase, size, and morphology through tailored precursor-ligand modulation. This strategy enabled systematic exploration of stable and metastable Cs–Cu–Se phases and mechanistic investigation of nucleation and growth, providing insight into phase modulation and dimensional control at the nanoscale. CsCu5Se3 NCs exhibit low lattice thermal conductivity (∼0.5 Wm–1K–1) and an experimental zT of 0.27 at 718 K. Complementary first-principles calculations, consistent with experimental electronic and optical responses, predict a zT of 1.05 at 1000 K. These findings elucidate the formation dynamics of CsCu5Se3 and establish ABZ (A = alkali, B = metal, Z = chalcogen) NCs as tunable platforms for advanced functional applications.}, author = {Patil, Niraj Nitish and Wu, Ruiqi and Fiedler, Christine and Kapuria, Nilotpal and Nan, Bingfei and Navita, Navita and Cabot, Andreu and Ibáñez, Maria and Ryan, Kevin M. and Ganose, Alex M. and Singh, Shalini}, issn = {2380-8195}, journal = {ACS Energy Letters}, number = {1}, pages = {481--488}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Layered alkali-copper selenides: Deciphering thermoelectric properties and reaction pathways for nanostructuring β-CsCu5Se3}}, doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02909}, volume = {11}, year = {2026}, } @article{21002, abstract = {The Davenport–Heilbronn method is a version of the circle method that was developed for studying Diophantine inequalities in the paper (Davenport and Heilbronn, J. Lond. Math. Soc. (1) 21 (1946), 185–193). We discuss the main ideas in the paper, together with an account of the development of the subject in the intervening 80 years.}, author = {Browning, Timothy D}, issn = {1469-7750}, journal = {Journal of the London Mathematical Society}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{The Davenport–Heilbronn method: 80 years on}}, doi = {10.1112/jlms.70371}, volume = {113}, year = {2026}, } @article{21006, abstract = {Modern experimental methods in programmable self-assembly make it possible to precisely design particle concentrations, shapes and interactions. However, more physical insight is needed before we can take full advantage of this vast design space to assemble nanostructures with complex form and function. Here we show how a substantial part of this design space can be quickly and comprehensively understood by identifying a class of thermodynamic constraints that act on it. These thermodynamic constraints form a high-dimensional convex polyhedron that determines which nanostructures can be assembled at high equilibrium yield and reveals limitations that govern the coexistence of structures. We validate our predictions through detailed, quantitative assembly experiments of nanoscale particles synthesized using DNA origami. Our results uncover physical relationships underpinning many-component programmable self-assembly in equilibrium and form the basis for robust inverse design, applicable to various systems from biological protein complexes to synthetic nanomachines.}, author = {Hübl, Maximilian and Videbæk, Thomas E. and Hayakawa, Daichi and Rogers, W. Benjamin and Goodrich, Carl Peter}, issn = {1745-2481}, journal = {Nature Physics}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{A polyhedral structure controls programmable self-assembly}}, doi = {10.1038/s41567-025-03120-3}, year = {2026}, } @article{21008, abstract = {C(sp2)–heteroatom couplings operating via NiI/NiIII catalysis have emerged as an alternative to canonical Pd0/PdII systems that require complex ligand architectures. Despite intensive research efforts during the past decade, catalytic methods employing this approach are still mostly confined to activated starting materials and require high catalyst loadings due to the low catalytic activity of NiI and undesired catalyst deactivation events. This article highlights recent advances in the field toward solving these long-standing challenges. We survey strategies that streamline the generation of catalytically competent NiI species from bench-stable NiII precatalysts, and discuss mechanistic studies that shed light on deactivation pathways and the rate-determining oxidative addition of aryl halides. In the final section, we highlight recently developed synthetic methodologies, which provide evidence that limitations can indeed be addressed by working at elevated temperatures, employing alternative electrophiles, harnessing the benefits of additives, or fine-tuning the metal’s reactivity through the ligand field.}, author = {Bena, Aleksander and Pieber, Bartholomäus}, issn = {2155-5435}, journal = {ACS Catalysis}, number = {2}, pages = {866--881}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Advances in NiI/NiIII-catalyzed C(sp2)–heteroatom cross-couplings}}, doi = {10.1021/acscatal.5c07964}, volume = {16}, year = {2026}, } @article{21012, abstract = {In certifiable machine learning, AI systems produce not only results but also verifiable certificates that the results can be trusted.}, author = {Barrett, Clark and Henzinger, Thomas A and Seshia, Sanjit A.}, issn = {1557-7317}, journal = {Communications of the ACM}, number = {1}, pages = {66--75}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {{Certificates in AI: Learn but verify}}, doi = {10.1145/3737447}, volume = {69}, year = {2026}, } @article{21013, abstract = {We have addressed convective self‐aggregation (CSA) in steady and oscillating sea surface temperature (SST) and solar radiation (SOLIN) cloud‐resolving model simulations in a non‐rotating radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) framework. Our experiment designs are motivated by land‐ocean heterogeneity of atmospheric convection. The steady and oscillating forcings are idealizations of ocean and land conditions, respectively, based on their differences in heat capacities. In both kinds of simulations, the diurnal mean SST and SOLIN are the same, and both SST and SOLIN are only varied in time (i.e., they are spatially homogeneous at any given time). We find that diurnally oscillating forcing accelerates CSA. Stronger long‐wave cooling in dry regions at night and during the warm SST phase (late afternoon) both allow the long‐wave feedback, known to favor aggregation, to intensify compared to steady forcing simulations. In addition to the long‐wave, reduced short‐wave warming in dry regions (during the day) further enhances radiative cooling there compared to moist regions. Overall, the radiative cooling is enhanced in dry regions compared to neighboring moist convective regions. A dry subsidence is driven by this net radiative (short‐wave plus long‐wave) cooling, consistent with earlier work on CSA. Stronger radiative cooling allows stronger subsidence which allows low‐level circulation to more efficiently transport moisture and energy up‐gradient, driving convection to aggregate faster. We also note a sensitivity of our experimental setup to initial conditions, more so at warmer SST. This stochastic behavior might be critical in reconciling the differences of opinion regarding the response of convection aggregation to oscillating SST forcing.}, author = {GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B and Lu, Ziyin and Muller, Caroline J}, issn = {1942-2466}, journal = {Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Convective self‐aggregation in diurnally oscillating sea surface temperature and solar forcing experiments}}, doi = {10.1029/2024ms004576}, volume = {18}, year = {2026}, } @article{21018, abstract = {In this paper, we review recent results on stability and instability in logarithmic Sobolev inequalities, with a particular emphasis on strong norms. We consider several versions of these inequalities on the Euclidean space, for the Lebesgue and the Gaussian measures, and discuss their differences in terms of moments and stability. We give new and direct proofs, as well as examples and discuss the stability of a logarithmic uncertainty principle. Although we do not cover all aspects of the topic, we hope to contribute to establishing the state of the art.}, author = {Brigati, Giovanni and Dolbeault, Jean and Simonov, Nikita}, issn = {2730-9657}, journal = {La Matematica}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Logarithmic Sobolev Inequalities: A review on stability and instability results}}, doi = {10.1007/s44007-025-00180-y}, volume = {5}, year = {2026}, } @article{21035, abstract = {According to the scientific consensus, tropical convection must decrease with global warming. This decrease is manifested by a decrease of the mass transported in the upward branch of the atmospheric overturning circulation – the convective mass flux – and a connected decrease of high clouds in the tropics, with implications for climate sensitivity. By using kilometer-scale simulations in radiative-convective equilibrium and a convective tracking algorithm, we show that no such decrease occurs in storms when taken individually and that the mass transport per storm increases instead. Storms can achieve this result by aggregating more surface of the convective cores – the inner part of the storm doing the vertical transport – so that the decrease of tropical convection is actually explained by a decrease in the total number of storms. There is little variation of the mean pressure velocity in the cores of the storms, a robust finding of this study. This remarkable invariance of the mean pressure velocity points to an emerging property of convection that should receive more attention in future studies.}, author = {Bolot, Maximilien and Roca, Rémy and Fiolleau, Thomas and Muller, Caroline J}, issn = {2397-3722}, journal = {npj Climate and Atmospheric Science}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{No decrease of tropical convection in individual deep convective systems with global warming}}, doi = {10.1038/s41612-025-01285-5}, volume = {9}, year = {2026}, }