@article{20588, abstract = {In this second paper on our variability survey of central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe) using the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), we report 11 long-timescale variables with variability timescales ranging from months to years. We also present preliminary analyses based on spectroscopic and/or photometric follow-up observations for six of them. Among them is NGC 6833, which shows a 980 days periodic variability with strange characteristics: “triangle-shaped” brightening in r, i, and WISE bands but almost coincidental shallow dips in the g-band. The most plausible explanation is a wide binary with the photometric period being the orbital period. Long-period near-sinusoidal variability was detected in two other systems, NGC 6905 and Kn 26, with periods of 700 days and 230 days, respectively, making them additional wide-binary candidates. The latter also shows a short period at 1.18 hr. We then present CTSS 2 and K 3-5, which show brightening and significant reddening over the whole ZTF baseline. A stellar model fit to the optical spectrum of CTSS 2 reveals it to be one of the youngest post-AGB CSPNe known. Both show high-density emission-line cores. We propose these to be late-thermal-pulse candidates, currently evolving towards the AGB phase. We then present recent HST/COS ultraviolet spectroscopy of the known wide-binary candidate LoTr 1, showing that the hot star is a spectroscopic twin of the extremely hot white dwarf in UCAC2 46706450. Similar to this object, LoTr 1 also has a fast rotating wide subgiant companion. We suggest that the long photometric period of 11 yr is the binary orbital period. Finally, we briefly discuss the ZTF light curves of the remaining variables, namely Tan 2, K 3-20, WHTZ 3, Kn J1857+3931, and IPHAS J1927+0814. With these examples, we present the effectiveness of the von Neumann statistics and Pearson Skew-based metric space in searching for long-timescale variables.}, author = {Bhattacharjee, Soumyadeep and Reindl, Nicole and Bond, Howard E. and Werner, Klaus and Zeimann, Gregory R. and Jones, David and El-Badry, Kareem and Mackensen, Nina and Chornay, Nicholas and Kulkarni, S. R. and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Van Roestel, Jan and Rodriguez, Antonio C. and Prince, Thomas A. and Rusholme, Ben and Laher, Russ R. and Smith, Roger}, issn = {1538-3873}, journal = {Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific}, number = {10}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Variability of central stars of planetary nebulae with the Zwicky Transient Facility. II. Long-timescale variables including wide binary and late thermal pulse candidates}}, doi = {10.1088/1538-3873/ae051e}, volume = {137}, year = {2025}, } @article{20589, abstract = {Context. This paper investigates the star formation histories (SFHs) of a sample of massive galaxies (M⋆ ≥ 1010 M⊙) in the redshift range 1 < z < 4.5. Methods. We analyzed spectro-photometric data, combining broadband photometry from HST and JWST with low-resolution grism spectroscopy from JWST/NIRISS, obtained as part of the MIRI Deep Imaging Survey program. SFHs were derived through spectral energy distribution fitting using two independent codes, BAGPIPES and synthesizer, under various SFH assumptions. This approach enables a comprehensive assessment of the biases introduced by different modeling choices. Results. The inclusion of NIRISS spectroscopy, even with its low resolution, significantly improves constraints on key physical parameters, such as the mass-weighted stellar age (tM) and formation redshift (zform), by narrowing their posterior distributions. The massive galaxies in our sample exhibit rapid stellar mass assembly, forming 50% of their mass between 3 ≤ z ≤ 9. The highest inferred formation redshifts are compatible with elevated star formation efficiencies (ϵ) at early epochs. Nonparametric SFHs generally imply an earlier and slower mass assembly compared to parametric forms, highlighting the sensitivity of inferred formation timescales to the chosen SFH model–particularly for galaxies at z < 2. We find that quiescent galaxies are, on average, older (tM ∼ 1.1 Gyr) and assembled more rapidly at earlier times than their star-forming counterparts. These findings support the “downsizing” scenario, in which more massive and passive systems form earlier and more efficiently.}, author = {Annunziatella, M. and P’Erez-Gonz’Alez, P. G. and Álvarez-Márquez, J. and Costantin, L. and Iani, Edoardo and Labiano, Unknown and Rinaldi, P. and Boogaard, L. and Meyer, R. A. and Östlin, G. and Colina, L. and Melinder, J. and Jermann, I. and Gillman, S. and Langeroodi, D. and Hjorth, J. and Alonso-Herrero, A. and Eckart, A. and Walter, F. and Van Der Werf, P. P. and Bik, A. and Peißker, F. and Caputi, K. I. and García-Marín, M. and Wright, G. and Greve, T. R.}, issn = {1432-0746}, journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{MIDIS: Unveiling the star formation history in massive galaxies at 1 < z < 4.5 with spectro-photometric analysis}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202453298}, volume = {702}, year = {2025}, } @article{20591, abstract = {In this paper we derive estimates for the Hessian of the logarithm (log-Hessian) for solutions to the heat equation. For initial data in the form of log-Lipschitz perturbation of strongly log-concave measures, the log-Hessian admits an explicit, uniform (in space) lower bound. This yields a new estimate for the Lipschitz constant of a transport map pushing forward the standard Gaussian to a measure in this class. On the other hand, we show that assuming only fast decay of the tails of the initial datum does not suffice to guarantee uniform log-Hessian upper bounds.}, author = {Brigati, Giovanni and Pedrotti, Francesco}, issn = {1083-589X}, journal = {Electronic Communications in Probability}, publisher = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics}, title = {{Heat flow, log-concavity, and Lipschitz transport maps}}, doi = {10.1214/25-ECP717}, volume = {30}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{20592, abstract = {Filtering-based probabilistic numerical solvers for ordinary differential equations (ODEs), also known as ODE filters, have been established as efficient methods for quantifying numerical uncertainty in the solution of ODEs. In practical applications, however, the underlying dynamical system often contains uncertain parameters, requiring the propagation of this model uncertainty to the ODE solution. In this paper, we demonstrate that ODE filters, despite their probabilistic nature, do not automatically solve this uncertainty propagation problem. To address this limitation, we present a novel approach that combines ODE filters with numerical quadrature to properly marginalize over uncertain parameters, while accounting for both parameter uncertainty and numerical solver uncertainty. Experiments across multiple dynamical systems demonstrate that the resulting uncertainty estimates closely match reference solutions. Notably, we show how the numerical uncertainty from the ODE solver can help prevent overconfidence in the propagated uncertainty estimates, especially when using larger step sizes. Our results illustrate that probabilistic numerical methods can effectively quantify both numerical and parametric uncertainty in dynamical systems. }, author = {Yao, Dingling and Tronarp, Filip and Bosch, Nathanael}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Probabilistic Numerics}, issn = {2640-3498}, location = {Sophia Antipolis, France}, publisher = {ML Research Press}, title = {{Propagating model uncertainty through filtering-based probabilistic numerical ODE solvers}}, volume = {271}, year = {2025}, } @article{20593, abstract = {“Quasi-solid-state” conversion mechanisms using sparingly solvating electrolytes (SPSEs) bridge the gap between traditional solid–liquid–solid and solid-state sulfur conversion in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Although these terms are commonly used, their precise distinctions and impacts on key performance metrics, such as rate capability, energy density, and capacity fading, remain poorly understood. In this work, we employ operando small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering alongside cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) to compare Li–S batteries in sparingly solvating and solvating ether-based electrolytes. We find that, unlike solvating electrolytes, SPSEs lead to an extended presence of lithium sulfide during cycling, coexisting with sulfur at a 50% state of charge and beyond. In the charged state, solid sulfur is present in its amorphous form inside the carbon black nanopores. These findings indicate that the limited solubility confines polysulfides in regions near the carbon surface, where these polysulfides enable conversion between the coexisting solid discharge and charge product.}, author = {Dutta, Pronoy and Von Mentlen, Jean Marc and Mondal, Soumyadip and Kostoglou, Nikolaos and Wilts, Bodo D. and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Zickler, Gregor A. and Prehal, Christian}, issn = {2380-8195}, journal = {ACS Energy Letters}, pages = {5722--5732}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Bridging solution and solid-state mechanism: Confined quasi-solid-state conversion in Li–S batteries}}, doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02093}, volume = {10}, year = {2025}, } @article{20594, abstract = {(Scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) has significantly advanced materials science but faces challenges in correlating precise atomic structure information with the functional properties of devices due to its time-intensive nature. To address this, an analytical workflow is introduced for the holistic characterization, modelling, and simulation of device heterostructures. This workflow automates the experimental (S)TEM data analysis, providing an in-depth characterization of crystallographic information, 3D orientation, elemental composition, and strain distribution. It reduces a process that typically takes days for a trained human into an automatic routine solved in minutes. Utilizing a physics-guided artificial intelligence model, it generates representative descriptions of materials and samples. The workflow culminates in creating digital twins of systems limited with at least one axis of translational invariance –3D finite element and atomic models of millions of atoms–enabling simulations that provide crucial insights into device behavior in practical applications. Demonstrated with SiGe planar heterostructures for scalable spin qubits, the workflow links digital twins to theoretical properties, revealing how atomic structure impacts materials and functional properties such as spatially-resolved phononic or electronic characteristics, or (inverse) spin orbit lengths. The versatility of the workflow is demonstrated through its application to a wide array of materials systems, device configurations, and sample morphologies.}, author = {Botifoll, Marc and Pinto-Huguet, Ivan and Rotunno, Enzo and Galvani, Thomas and Coll, Catalina and Kavkani, Payam Habibzadeh and Spadaro, Maria Chiara and Niquet, Yann Michel and Eriksen, Martin Børstad and Martí-Sánchez, Sara and Katsaros, Georgios and Scappucci, Giordano and Krogstrup, Peter and Isella, Giovanni and Cabot, Andreu and Merino, Gonzalo and Ordejón, Pablo and Roche, Stephan and Grillo, Vincenzo and Arbiol, Jordi}, issn = {1521-4095}, journal = {Advanced Materials}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Artificial intelligence-assisted workflow for transmission electron microscopy: From data analysis automation to materials knowledge unveiling}}, doi = {10.1002/adma.202506785}, year = {2025}, } @article{20604, abstract = {Entry into and exit from cellular quiescence require dynamic adjustments in nutrient acquisition, yet the mechanisms by which quiescent cells downregulate amino acid (AA) transport remain poorly understood. Here we show that cells entering quiescence selectively target plasma membrane-resident amino acid transporters for endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. This process matches amino acid uptake with reduced translational demand and promotes survival during extended periods of quiescence. Mechanistically, we identify the α-arrestin TXNIP as a key regulator of this metabolic adaptation, since it mediates the endocytosis of the SLC7A5-SLC3A2 (LAT1-4F2hc) AA transporter complex in response to reduced AKT signaling. To promote transporter ubiquitination, TXNIP interacts with NEDD4L and other HECT-type ubiquitin ligases. Loss of TXNIP disrupts this regulation, resulting in dysregulated amino acid uptake, sustained mTORC1 signaling, and ultimately cell death under prolonged quiescence. The characterization of a novel TXNIP loss-of-function variant in a patient with a severe metabolic disease further supports its role in nutrient homeostasis and human health. Together, these findings highlight TXNIP’s central role in controlling nutrient acquisition and metabolic plasticity with implications for quiescence biology and diseases.}, author = {Kahlhofer, Jennifer and Marchet, Nikolas and Zubak, Kristian and Seifert, Brigitta and Hotze, Madlen and Egger-Hörschinger, Anna-Sophia and Kucej, Lucija and Manzl, Claudia and Weyer, Yannick and Weys, Sabine and Offterdinger, Martin and Herzog, Sebastian and Reiterer, Veronika and Volani, Chiara and Kwiatkowski, Marcel and Wortmann, Saskia B and Nemati, Siamak and Mayr, Johannes A and Zschocke, Johannes and Radlinger, Bernhard and Thedieck, Kathrin and Kremser, Leopold and Sarg, Bettina and Huber, Lukas A and Farhan, Hesso and de Araujo, Mariana E G and Kaser, Susanne and Scholl-Bürgi, Sabine and Karall, Daniela and Teis, David}, issn = {1460-2075}, journal = {The EMBO Journal}, pages = {7119--7153}, publisher = {Embo Press}, title = {{TXNIP mediates LAT1/SLC7A5 endocytosis to limit amino acid uptake in cells entering quiescence}}, doi = {10.1038/s44318-025-00608-9}, volume = {44}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{20610, abstract = {Markov decision processes (MDPs) are a fundamental model of decision making which exhibit non-deterministic choice as well as probabilistic uncertainty. Traditionally, verification assumes exact knowledge of the probabilities that govern the behaviour of an MDP. However, this assumption often is unrealistic, e.g. when modelling cyber-physical systems or biological processes. There, we can employ statistical model checking (SMC) to obtain an estimate of the MDP’s value (e.g. the maximal probability of reaching a goal state) that is close to the true value with high confidence (probably approximately correct). Model-based SMC algorithms sample the MDP and build a model of it by estimating all transition probabilities, essentially for every transition answering the question: “What are the odds?” However, so far the statistical methods employed by state-of-the-art SMC verification algorithms are quite naive or even compromise the correctness guarantees. Our first contribution is to survey, categorize, and analyse statistical methods, identifying those few that are most efficient and that provide suitable guarantees for the verification setting. Secondly, we propose improvements that exploit structural knowledge of the MDP. Both contributions generalize to many types of problem statements as they are largely independent of the setting. Moreover, our experimental evaluation shows that they lead to significant gains, reducing the number of samples that an SMC algorithm has to collect by up to two orders of magnitude.}, author = {Meggendorfer, Tobias and Weininger, Maximilian and Wienhöft, Patrick}, booktitle = {Second International Joint Conference on QEST+FORMATS}, isbn = {9783032057914}, issn = {1611-3349}, location = {Aarhus, Denmark}, pages = {195--218}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{What are the odds? Improving statistical model checking of Markov decision processes}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-05792-1_11}, volume = {16143}, year = {2025}, } @article{20628, abstract = {The realistic simulation of sand, soil, powders, rubble piles, and large collections of rigid bodies is a common and important problem in the fields of computer graphics, computational physics, and engineering. Direct simulation of these individual bodies quickly becomes expensive, so we often approximate the entire group as a continuum material that can be more easily computed using tools for solving partial differential equations, like the material point method (MPM). In this paper, we present a method for automatically extracting continuum material properties from a collection of rigid bodies. We use numerical homogenization with periodic boundary conditions to simulate an effectively infinite number of rigid bodies in contact. We then record the effective stress-strain relationships from these simulations and convert them into elastic properties and yield criteria for the continuum simulations. Our experiments validate existing theoretical models like the Mohr-Coulomb yield surface by extracting material behaviors from a collection of spheres in contact. We further generalize these existing models to more exotic materials derived from diverse and non-convex shapes. We observe complicated jamming behaviors from non-convex grains, and we introduce a new material model for materials with extremely high levels of internal friction and cohesion. We simulate these new continuum models using MPM with an improved return mapping technique. The end result is a complete system for turning an input rigid body simulation into an efficient continuum simulation with the same effective mechanical properties.}, author = {Chen, Yi-Lu and Ly, Mickaël and Wojtan, Christopher J}, issn = {1557-7368}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Graphics}, location = {Hong Kong, China}, number = {6}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {{Numerical homogenization of sand from grain-level simulations}}, doi = {10.1145/3763344}, volume = {44}, year = {2025}, } @article{20635, abstract = {Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to adapt to environmental changes, with root gravitropism playing a pivotal role in nutrient and water acquisition. Our study reveals that SnRK2 kinases (SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3) are critical regulators of root gravitropism through their direct phosphorylation of the auxin transporter PIN2 at S259. We demonstrate that SnRK2s-mediated phosphorylation modulates both the polar localization and transport activity of PIN2. Importantly, SnRK2s function antagonistically to the AGCVIII kinase PID, which phosphorylates PIN2 at a distinct site (S258), establishing a regulatory balance essential for adaptive root growth. Structural modeling and phosphorylation assays further suggest that SnRK2s-mediated phosphorylation at S259 sterically hinders access of PID to S258, providing a mechanistic basis for their antagonistic relationship. These findings uncover a novel regulatory mechanism, by which plants fine-tune root developmental programs to adapt to environmental stimuli, highlighting the evolutionary significance of multilayered kinase-mediated regulation in plant adaptation.}, author = {Sheng, F and Gao, Y and Wang, Y and Li, Y and Zhang, JA and Zhang, Z and Qin, X and Zhang, S and Song, W and Li, J and Guo, Y and Friml, Jiří and Gong, Z and Zhang, Q and Zhang, J}, issn = {1091-6490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, number = {39}, pages = {e2512274122}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Antagonistic SnRK2 and PID kinases' action on auxin transport-mediated root gravitropism}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2512274122}, volume = {122}, year = {2025}, } @article{20646, abstract = {Describing general quantum many-body dynamics is a challenging task due to the exponential growth of the Hilbert space with system size. The time-dependent variational principle (TDVP) provides a powerful tool to tackle this task by projecting quantum evolution onto a classical dynamical system within a variational manifold. In classical systems, periodic orbits play a crucial role in understanding the structure of the phase space and the long-term behavior of the system. However, finding periodic orbits is generally difficult, and their existence and properties in generic TDVP dynamics over matrix product states have remained largely unexplored. In this work, we develop an algorithm to systematically identify and characterize periodic orbits in TDVP dynamics. Applying our method to the periodically kicked Ising model, we uncover both stable and unstable periodic orbits. We characterize the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser tori in the vicinity of stable periodic orbits and track the change of the periodic orbits as we modify the Hamiltonian parameters. We observe that periodic orbits exist at any value of the coupling constant of the kicked Ising model between prethermal and fully thermalizing regimes, but their relevance to quantum dynamics and imprint on quantum eigenstates diminishes as the system leaves the prethermal regime. Our results demonstrate that periodic orbits provide valuable insights into the TDVP approximation of quantum many-body evolution and establish a closer connection between quantum and classical chaos.}, author = {Petrova, Elena and Ljubotina, Marko and Yalniz, Gökhan and Serbyn, Maksym}, issn = {2691-3399}, journal = {PRX Quantum}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Finding periodic orbits in projected quantum many-body dynamics}}, doi = {10.1103/tldp-kvkd}, volume = {6}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{20648, abstract = {Polynomial quantified entailments with existentially and universally quantified variables arise in many problems of verification and program analysis. We present PolyQEnt which is a tool for solving polynomial quantified entailments in which variables on both sides of the implication are real valued or unbounded integers. Our tool provides a unified framework for polynomial quantified entailment problems that arise in several papers in the literature. Our experimental evaluation over a wide range of benchmarks shows the applicability of the tool as well as its benefits as opposed to simply using existing SMT solvers to solve such constraints.}, author = {Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Goharshady, Amir Kafshdar and Kafshdar Goharshadi, Ehsan and Karrabi, Mehrdad and Saadat, Milad and Seeliger, Maximilian and Zikelic, Dorde}, booktitle = {23rd International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis}, isbn = {9783032087065}, issn = {1611-3349}, location = {Bengaluru, India}, pages = {411--424}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{PolyQEnt: A polynomial quantified entailment solver}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-08707-2_19}, volume = {16145}, year = {2025}, } @article{20649, abstract = {Ionized proximity zones around luminous quasars provide a unique laboratory to characterize the Lyα emission lines from z > 6 galaxies without significant attenuation from the intergalactic medium (IGM). However, Lyα line measurements for galaxies within high-redshift quasars’ proximity zones have been rare so far. Here we present deep spectroscopic observations obtained with the NIRSpec/Micro-Shutter Assembly (MSA) instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope of galaxies in two z > 6 quasar fields. We measure the Lyα line fluxes for 50 galaxies at 6 < z < 7 with UV absolute magnitude M UV < −19 (median M UV = −19.97), among which 15 are located near the luminous quasars, i.e., within Δv < 2500 km s−1. We find that galaxies near the quasars show significant flux blueward of the systemic Lyα wavelength, and have higher Lyα equivalent width compared to galaxies at similar redshifts that are not located within the quasars’ environment. Our result indicates little or no redshift evolution for the Lyα emitter fraction from z ∼ 6.4 to z ∼ 5. Leveraging the low IGM opacity in the quasars’ vicinity, we evaluate the Lyα escape fraction (f esc Ly α) of high-redshift galaxies. Our analysis suggests that galaxies at 〈z〉 ≈ 6.4 have an average f esc Ly α = 0.14 ± 0.04. This value is consistent with reionization models where the Lyman continuum escape fraction is low ( fescLyC ≲ 0.1 ) for luminous galaxies, and where the most luminous galaxies have only a minor contribution to the total ionizing photon budget. © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.}, author = {Yue, Minghao and Eilers, Anna Christina and Matthee, Jorryt J and Naidu, Rohan P. and Bordoloi, Rongmon and Davies, Frederick B. and Hennawi, Joseph F. and Kashino, Daichi and Mackenzie, Ruari and Simcoe, Robert A.}, issn = {2041-8213}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal Letters}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Escape fractions from unattenuated Lyα emitters around luminous z > 6 quasars}}, doi = {10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e0e}, volume = {993}, year = {2025}, } @article{20651, abstract = {The origin of merging binary black holes detected through gravitational waves remains a fundamental question in astrophysics. While stellar evolution imposes an upper mass limit of ∼50⁢𝑀⊙ for black holes, some observed mergers—most notably GW190521—involve significantly more massive components, suggesting alternative formation channels. Here we investigate the maximum masses attainable by black hole mergers within active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks. Using a comprehensive semianalytic model incorporating 27 binary and environmental parameters, we explore the role of AGN disk conditions in shaping the upper end of the black hole mass spectrum. We find that an AGN disk lifetime is the dominant factor, with high-mass mergers (≳200⁢𝑀⊙) only possible if disks persist for ≳40  Myr. The joint electromagnetic observation of an AGN-assisted merger could therefore lead to a direct measurement of the age of an AGN disk.}, author = {Xue, Ling Qin and Tagawa, Hiromichi and Haiman, Zoltán and Bartos, Imre}, issn = {2470-0029}, journal = {Physical Review D}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{What determines the maximum mass of AGN-assisted black hole mergers?}}, doi = {10.1103/5m1n-qh9v}, volume = {112}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{20658, abstract = {The medial axis of a smoothly embedded surface in R^3 consists of all points for which the Euclidean distance function on the surface has at least two global minima. We generalize this notion to the mid-sphere axis, which consists of all points for which the Euclidean distance function has two interchanging saddles that swap their partners in the pairing by persistent homology. It offers a discrete-algebraic multi-scale approach to computing ridge-like structures on the surface. As a proof of concept, an algorithm that computes stair-case approximations of the mid-sphere axis is provided.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Stephenson, Elizabeth R and Thoresen, Martin H}, booktitle = {4th International Joint Conference on Discrete Geometry and Mathematical Morphology}, isbn = {9783032095435}, issn = {1611-3349}, location = {Groningen, The Netherlands}, pages = {133--147}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The mid-sphere cousin of the medial axis transform}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-09544-2_10}, volume = {16296}, year = {2025}, } @article{20659, abstract = {Metabotropic GABA (GABAB) receptors have modulatory functions on neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release. To fulfil these functions, GABAB receptors form macromolecular signaling complexes with G proteins, effectors, and other associated proteins. Here we investigated the postnatal development of GABAB receptors (GABAB1 and GABAB2 subunits) in mouse brain, focusing on potential similarities in the spatial and temporal expression pattern of their associated proteins CaV2.1, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS7, using histoblots, immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopic techniques. At all ages analyzed, histoblot showed that the six proteins were widely expressed in the brain, with mostly an overlapping pattern throughout postnatal development. In the hippocampus, immunoelectron microscopy and quantitative analysis of immunoparticles for GABAB1, GABAB2, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS7 revealed their progressive enrichment around excitatory synapses on dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal cells toward P15. At presynaptic sites, GABAB receptors colocalize with CaV2.1, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS7 in the active zone and extrasynaptic membranes of axon terminals, establishing synapses on dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal cells. In the cerebellum, double immunofluorescence at P7 and P10 revealed the colocalization of GABAB1 and CaV2.1 in the whole dendritic tree of developing Purkinje cells. Immunoelectron microscopy at P15 showed that GABAB1, GABAB2, CaV2.1, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS7 are distributed along the dendritic surface of Purkinje cells, enriched close to excitatory synapses in spines. Altogether, these data suggest that macromolecular complexes composed of GABAB1 /GABAB2/CaV2.1/ Gαo/Gβ5/RGS7 are pre-assembled during key stages of postnatal development in hippocampal and cerebellar neurons.}, author = {Aguado, Carolina and Alfaro-Ruiz, Rocío and Martínez-Poyato, María Llanos and Moreno-Martínez, Ana Esther and García-Madrona, Sebastián and Roldán-Sastre, Alberto and Alonso-Gómez, Pablo and Fernández, Miriam and Puertas-Avendaño, Ricardo and Shigemoto, Ryuichi and Martemyanov, Kirill A. and Luján, Rafael}, issn = {1699-5848}, journal = {Histology and Histopathology}, number = {12}, pages = {1967--1984}, publisher = {Sercrisma International}, title = {{Developmental regulation of GABAB receptors and downstream molecules in the mouse brain}}, doi = {10.14670/HH-18-970}, volume = {40}, year = {2025}, } @article{20660, abstract = {We used observations from the JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS) to measure the half-light radii (re) of 23 Hα-emitting starforming (SF) galaxies at z = 6.1 in the PRIMER/COSMOS field. Galaxy sizes were measured in JWST near-infrared camera observations in rest-frame Hα (tracing recent star formation) with the F466N and F470N narrow-band filters from JELS, and compared against rest-R- and V -band (tracing established stellar populations) and near-ultraviolet sizes. We find a size–stellar mass(re − M∗) relationship with a slope that is consistent with literature values at lower redshifts, though offset to lowersizes. We observe a large scatter in re at low stellar mass (M∗ < 10^8.4 Mo) which we believe is the result of bursty star formation histories (SFHs) of SF galaxies at the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). We find that the stellar and ionized gas components are similar in size at z = 6.1. The evidence of already-established stellar components in these Hα emitters (HAEs) indicates previous episodes of star formation have occurred. As such, following other JELS studies finding our HAEs are undergoing a current burst of star formation, we believe our results indicate that SF galaxies at the end of the EoR have already experienced a bursty SFH. From our re − M∗ relationship, we find re,F444W = 0.76 ± 0.46 kpc for fixed stellar mass M∗ = 10^9.25 M, which is in agreement with other observations and simulations of SF galaxies in the literature. We find a close-pair (major) merger fraction of (fmaj. merger =0.44 ± 0.22) fmerger = 0.43 ± 0.11 for galaxy separations d <~ 25 kpc, which is in agreement with other z ≈ 6 studies.}, author = {Stephenson, H. M.O. and Stott, J. P. and Pirie, C. A. and Duncan, K. J. and Mcleod, D. J. and Best, P. N. and Brinch, M. and Clausen, M. and Cochrane, R. K. and Dunlop, J. S. and Flury, S. R. and Geach, J. E. and Hale, C. L. and Ibar, E. and Li, Zefeng and Matthee, Jorryt J and Mclure, R. J. and Ossa-Fuentes, L. and Patrick, A. L. and Sobral, D. and Swinbank, A. M.}, issn = {1365-2966}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {2}, pages = {1412--1431}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): The sizes and merger fraction of star-forming galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization}}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/staf1725}, volume = {544}, year = {2025}, } @article{20661, abstract = {We analyse James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) and Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) spectroscopic observations in the Abell 2744 galaxy cluster field. From approximately 120 candidates, we identify 12 objects with at least two prominent emission lines among [O II] λ3727, H β λ4861, [O III] λ4959, [O III] λ5007, and H α λ6563 that are spectroscopically confirmed by both instruments. Our key findings reveal systematic differences between the two spectrographs based on source morphology and shutter aperture placement. Compact objects show comparable or higher integrated flux in NIRSpec relative to NIRISS (within 1σ uncertainties), while extended sources consistently display higher flux in NIRISS measurements. This pattern reflects NIRSpec’s optimal coverage for compact objects while potentially undersampling extended sources. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that NIRSpec recovers at least 63 per cent of NIRISS-measured flux when the slit covers >15 per cent of the source or when Re < 1 kpc. For lower coverage or larger effective radii, the recovered flux varies from 24 per cent to 63 per cent. When studying the H α λ6563/[O III] λ5007 emission line ratio, we observe that measurements from these different spectrographs can vary by up to ∼0.3 dex, with significant implications for metallicity and star formation rate characterizations for individual galaxies. These results highlight the importance of considering instrumental effects when combining multi-instrument spectroscopic data and demonstrate that source morphology critically influences flux recovery between slit-based and slitless spectroscopic modes in JWST observations.}, author = {Dalmasso, Nicolò and Watson, Peter J. and Treu, Tommaso and Trenti, Michele and Vulcani, Benedetta and Nanayakkara, Themiya and Bradač, Maruša and Jones, Tucker and Boyett, Kristan and Wang, Xin and Mascia, Sara and Pentericci, Laura}, issn = {1365-2966}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {2}, pages = {1915--1925}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Quantifying spectroscopic flux variations between JWST NIRISS and NIRSpec: Slit losses in emission line measurements of z ∼ 1-3 galaxies}}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/staf1837}, volume = {544}, year = {2025}, } @article{20663, abstract = {Gravitropism, the patterning of postembryonic growth in relation to the gravity vector, allows plants to optimize the use of limited and nonhomogenous resources in their immediate environment. Since the current model of root gravitropism has not been able to integrate all aspects of the response (perception, response, and behavior), research on gravitropism has been dominated by different theories attempting to conceptualize each aspect individually. In this work, we sought to reevaluate all the main components of the root graviresponse through the lens of angle dependence. We show angle dependence in Cholodny–Went-based auxin asymmetry and growth response, which we tracked back to angle-dependent variation in PIN asymmetry and statolith sedimentation in the columella. Thanks to this approach, we were able to suggest distinct roles for PINs and columella cell tiers, and a potential function for auxin vertical flux through the columella. Our findings provide a unifying framework to further explore the mechanisms that regulate angle-dependent gravitropic response, with major implications of time-dependent features of root graviresponse.}, author = {Roychoudhry, Suruchi and Sageman-Furnas, Katelyn and Taylor, Harry J. and Showpnil, Iftekhar and Wolverton, Chris and Friml, Jiří and Bianco, Marta Del and Kepinski, Stefan}, issn = {1091-6490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, number = {46}, pages = {e2506400122}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Angle dependence as a unifying feature of root graviresponse modules}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2506400122}, volume = {122}, year = {2025}, } @article{20664, abstract = {Conference travel contributes to the climate footprint of academic research. Here, we provide a quantitative estimate of the carbon emissions associated with conference attendance by analyzing travel data from participants of 10 international conferences in the field of magnetic resonance, namely EUROMAR, ENC and ICMRBS. We find that attending a EUROMAR conference produces, on average, more than 1 t CO2 eq.. For the analyzed conferences outside Europe, the corresponding value is about 2–3 times higher, on average, with intercontinental trips amounting to up to 5 t. We compare these conference-related emissions to other activities associated with research and show that conference travel is a substantial portion of the total climate footprint of a researcher in magnetic resonance. We explore several strategies to reduce these emissions, including the impact of selecting conference venues more strategically and the possibility of decentralized conferences. Through a detailed comparison of train versus air travel – accounting for both direct and infrastructure-related emissions – we demonstrate that train travel offers considerable carbon savings. These data may provide a basis for strategic choices of future conferences in the field and for individuals deciding on their conference attendance.}, author = {Kapoor, Lucky and Ruzickova, Natalia and Zivadinovic, Predrag and Leitner, Valentin and Sisak, Maria A and Mweka, Cecelia N and Dobbelaere, Jeroen A and Katsaros, Georgios and Schanda, Paul}, issn = {2699-0016}, journal = {Magnetic Resonance}, number = {2}, pages = {243--256}, publisher = {Copernicus Publications}, title = {{Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference travel: The case of NMR meetings}}, doi = {10.5194/mr-6-243-2025}, volume = {6}, year = {2025}, }