@article{20635,
  abstract     = {Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to adapt to environmental changes, with root gravitropism playing a pivotal role in nutrient and water acquisition. Our study reveals that SnRK2 kinases (SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3) are critical regulators of root gravitropism through their direct phosphorylation of the auxin transporter PIN2 at S259. We demonstrate that SnRK2s-mediated phosphorylation modulates both the polar localization and transport activity of PIN2. Importantly, SnRK2s function antagonistically to the AGCVIII kinase PID, which phosphorylates PIN2 at a distinct site (S258), establishing a regulatory balance essential for adaptive root growth. Structural modeling and phosphorylation assays further suggest that SnRK2s-mediated phosphorylation at S259 sterically hinders access of PID to S258, providing a mechanistic basis for their antagonistic relationship. These findings uncover a novel regulatory mechanism, by which plants fine-tune root developmental programs to adapt to environmental stimuli, highlighting the evolutionary significance of multilayered kinase-mediated regulation in plant adaptation.},
  author       = {Sheng, F and Gao, Y and Wang, Y and Li, Y and Zhang, JA and Zhang, Z and Qin, X and Zhang, S and Song, W and Li, J and Guo, Y and Friml, Jiří and Gong, Z and Zhang, Q and Zhang, J},
  issn         = {1091-6490},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  number       = {39},
  pages        = {e2512274122},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Antagonistic SnRK2 and PID kinases' action on auxin transport-mediated root gravitropism}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2512274122},
  volume       = {122},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20646,
  abstract     = {Describing general quantum many-body dynamics is a challenging task due to the exponential growth of the Hilbert space with system size. The time-dependent variational principle (TDVP) provides a powerful tool to tackle this task by projecting quantum evolution onto a classical dynamical system within a variational manifold. In classical systems, periodic orbits play a crucial role in understanding the structure of the phase space and the long-term behavior of the system. However, finding periodic orbits is generally difficult, and their existence and properties in generic TDVP dynamics over matrix product states have remained largely unexplored. In this work, we develop an algorithm to systematically identify and characterize periodic orbits in TDVP dynamics. Applying our method to the periodically kicked Ising model, we uncover both stable and unstable periodic orbits. We characterize the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser tori in the vicinity of stable periodic orbits and track the change of the periodic orbits as we modify the Hamiltonian parameters. We observe that periodic orbits exist at any value of the coupling constant of the kicked Ising model between prethermal and fully thermalizing regimes, but their relevance to quantum dynamics and imprint on quantum eigenstates diminishes as the system leaves the prethermal regime. Our results demonstrate that periodic orbits provide valuable insights into the TDVP approximation of quantum many-body evolution and establish a closer connection between quantum and classical chaos.},
  author       = {Petrova, Elena and Ljubotina, Marko and Yalniz, Gökhan and Serbyn, Maksym},
  issn         = {2691-3399},
  journal      = {PRX Quantum},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Finding periodic orbits in projected quantum many-body dynamics}},
  doi          = {10.1103/tldp-kvkd},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{20648,
  abstract     = {Polynomial quantified entailments with existentially and universally quantified variables arise in many problems of verification and program analysis. We present PolyQEnt which is a tool for solving polynomial quantified entailments in which variables on both sides of the implication are real valued or unbounded integers. Our tool provides a unified framework for polynomial quantified entailment problems that arise in several papers in the literature. Our experimental evaluation over a wide range of benchmarks shows the applicability of the tool as well as its benefits as opposed to simply using existing SMT solvers to solve such constraints.},
  author       = {Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Goharshady, Amir Kafshdar and Kafshdar Goharshadi, Ehsan and Karrabi, Mehrdad and Saadat, Milad and Seeliger, Maximilian and Zikelic, Dorde},
  booktitle    = {23rd International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis},
  isbn         = {9783032087065},
  issn         = {1611-3349},
  location     = {Bengaluru, India},
  pages        = {411--424},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{PolyQEnt: A polynomial quantified entailment solver}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-032-08707-2_19},
  volume       = {16145},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20649,
  abstract     = {Ionized proximity zones around luminous quasars provide a unique laboratory to characterize the Lyα emission lines from z > 6 galaxies without significant attenuation from the intergalactic medium (IGM). However, Lyα line measurements for galaxies within high-redshift quasars’ proximity zones have been rare so far. Here we present deep spectroscopic observations obtained with the NIRSpec/Micro-Shutter Assembly (MSA) instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope of galaxies in two z > 6 quasar fields. We measure the Lyα line fluxes for 50 galaxies at 6 < z < 7 with UV absolute magnitude M UV < −19 (median M UV = −19.97), among which 15 are located near the luminous quasars, i.e., within Δv < 2500 km s−1. We find that galaxies near the quasars show significant flux blueward of the systemic Lyα wavelength, and have higher Lyα equivalent width compared to galaxies at similar redshifts that are not located within the quasars’ environment. Our result indicates little or no redshift evolution for the Lyα emitter fraction from z ∼ 6.4 to z ∼ 5. Leveraging the low IGM opacity in the quasars’ vicinity, we evaluate the Lyα escape fraction (f esc Ly α) of high-redshift galaxies. Our analysis suggests that galaxies at 〈z〉 ≈ 6.4 have an average f esc Ly α = 0.14 ± 0.04. This value is consistent with reionization models where the Lyman continuum escape fraction is low ( fescLyC ≲ 0.1 ) for luminous galaxies, and where the most luminous galaxies have only a minor contribution to the total ionizing photon budget. © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.},
  author       = {Yue, Minghao and Eilers, Anna Christina and Matthee, Jorryt J and Naidu, Rohan P. and Bordoloi, Rongmon and Davies, Frederick B. and Hennawi, Joseph F. and Kashino, Daichi and Mackenzie, Ruari and Simcoe, Robert A.},
  issn         = {2041-8213},
  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal Letters},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Escape fractions from unattenuated Lyα emitters around luminous z > 6 quasars}},
  doi          = {10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e0e},
  volume       = {993},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20651,
  abstract     = {The origin of merging binary black holes detected through gravitational waves remains a fundamental question in astrophysics. While stellar evolution imposes an upper mass limit of ∼50⁢𝑀⊙ for black holes, some observed mergers—most notably GW190521—involve significantly more massive components, suggesting alternative formation channels. Here we investigate the maximum masses attainable by black hole mergers within active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks. Using a comprehensive semianalytic model incorporating 27 binary and environmental parameters, we explore the role of AGN disk conditions in shaping the upper end of the black hole mass spectrum. We find that an AGN disk lifetime is the dominant factor, with high-mass mergers (≳200⁢𝑀⊙) only possible if disks persist for ≳40  Myr. The joint electromagnetic observation of an AGN-assisted merger could therefore lead to a direct measurement of the age of an AGN disk.},
  author       = {Xue, Ling Qin and Tagawa, Hiromichi and Haiman, Zoltán and Bartos, Imre},
  issn         = {2470-0029},
  journal      = {Physical Review D},
  number       = {6},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{What determines the maximum mass of AGN-assisted black hole mergers?}},
  doi          = {10.1103/5m1n-qh9v},
  volume       = {112},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{20658,
  abstract     = {The medial axis of a smoothly embedded surface in R^3 consists of all points for which the Euclidean distance function on the surface has at least two global minima. We generalize this notion to the mid-sphere axis, which consists of all points for which the Euclidean distance function has two interchanging saddles that swap their partners in the pairing by persistent homology. It offers a discrete-algebraic multi-scale approach to computing ridge-like structures on the surface. As a proof of concept, an algorithm that computes stair-case approximations of the mid-sphere axis is provided.},
  author       = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Stephenson, Elizabeth R and Thoresen, Martin H},
  booktitle    = {4th International Joint Conference on Discrete Geometry and Mathematical Morphology},
  isbn         = {9783032095435},
  issn         = {1611-3349},
  location     = {Groningen, The Netherlands},
  pages        = {133--147},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{The mid-sphere cousin of the medial axis transform}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-032-09544-2_10},
  volume       = {16296},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20659,
  abstract     = {Metabotropic GABA (GABAB) receptors have modulatory functions on neuronal excitability and
neurotransmitter release. To fulfil these functions, GABAB receptors form macromolecular signaling complexes with G proteins, effectors, and other associated proteins. Here we investigated the postnatal development of GABAB receptors (GABAB1 and GABAB2 subunits) in mouse brain, focusing on potential similarities in the spatial and temporal expression pattern
of their associated proteins CaV2.1, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS7, using histoblots, immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopic techniques. At all ages analyzed, histoblot showed that the six proteins were widely expressed in the brain, with mostly an
overlapping pattern throughout postnatal development. In the hippocampus, immunoelectron microscopy and quantitative analysis of immunoparticles for GABAB1, GABAB2, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS7 revealed their progressive enrichment around excitatory synapses on dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal cells toward P15. At presynaptic sites, GABAB receptors colocalize with
CaV2.1, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS7 in the active zone and extrasynaptic membranes of axon terminals, establishing synapses on dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal cells. In the cerebellum, double immunofluorescence at P7 and P10 revealed the colocalization of GABAB1 and CaV2.1
in the whole dendritic tree of developing Purkinje cells. Immunoelectron microscopy at P15 showed that GABAB1, GABAB2, CaV2.1, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS7 are distributed along the dendritic surface of Purkinje cells, enriched close to excitatory synapses in spines.
Altogether, these data suggest that macromolecular complexes composed of GABAB1 /GABAB2/CaV2.1/ Gαo/Gβ5/RGS7 are pre-assembled during key stages of postnatal development in hippocampal and cerebellar neurons.},
  author       = {Aguado, Carolina and Alfaro-Ruiz, Rocío and Martínez-Poyato, María Llanos and Moreno-Martínez, Ana Esther and García-Madrona, Sebastián and Roldán-Sastre, Alberto and Alonso-Gómez, Pablo and Fernández, Miriam and Puertas-Avendaño, Ricardo and Shigemoto, Ryuichi and Martemyanov, Kirill A. and Luján, Rafael},
  issn         = {1699-5848},
  journal      = {Histology and Histopathology},
  number       = {12},
  pages        = {1967--1984},
  publisher    = {Sercrisma International},
  title        = {{Developmental regulation of GABAB receptors and downstream molecules in the mouse brain}},
  doi          = {10.14670/HH-18-970},
  volume       = {40},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20660,
  abstract     = {We used observations from the JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS) to measure the half-light radii (re) of 23 Hα-emitting starforming (SF) galaxies at z = 6.1 in the PRIMER/COSMOS field. Galaxy sizes were measured in JWST near-infrared camera observations in rest-frame Hα (tracing recent star formation) with the F466N and F470N narrow-band filters from JELS, and
compared against rest-R- and V -band (tracing established stellar populations) and near-ultraviolet sizes. We find a size–stellar mass(re − M∗) relationship with a slope that is consistent with literature values at lower redshifts, though offset to lowersizes. We observe a large scatter in re at low stellar mass (M∗ < 10^8.4 Mo) which we believe is the result of bursty star formation histories (SFHs) of SF galaxies at the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). We find that the stellar and ionized gas components are similar in size at z = 6.1. The evidence of already-established stellar components in these Hα emitters (HAEs) indicates previous episodes of star formation have occurred. As such, following other JELS studies finding our HAEs are undergoing a current burst of star formation, we believe our results indicate that SF galaxies at the end of the EoR have already experienced a bursty SFH. From our re − M∗ relationship, we find re,F444W = 0.76 ± 0.46 kpc for fixed stellar mass M∗ = 10^9.25 M, which is in agreement with other observations and simulations of SF galaxies in the literature. We find a close-pair (major) merger fraction of (fmaj. merger =0.44 ± 0.22) fmerger = 0.43 ± 0.11 for galaxy separations d <~ 25 kpc, which is in agreement with other z ≈ 6 studies.},
  author       = {Stephenson, H. M.O. and Stott, J. P. and Pirie, C. A. and Duncan, K. J. and Mcleod, D. J. and Best, P. N. and Brinch, M. and Clausen, M. and Cochrane, R. K. and Dunlop, J. S. and Flury, S. R. and Geach, J. E. and Hale, C. L. and Ibar, E. and Li, Zefeng and Matthee, Jorryt J and Mclure, R. J. and Ossa-Fuentes, L. and Patrick, A. L. and Sobral, D. and Swinbank, A. M.},
  issn         = {1365-2966},
  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {1412--1431},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): The sizes and merger fraction of star-forming galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization}},
  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/staf1725},
  volume       = {544},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20661,
  abstract     = {We analyse James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) and Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) spectroscopic observations in the Abell 2744 galaxy cluster field. From approximately 120 candidates, we identify 12 objects with at least two prominent emission lines among [O II] λ3727, H β λ4861, [O III] λ4959, [O III] λ5007, and H α λ6563 that are spectroscopically confirmed by both instruments. Our key findings reveal systematic differences between the two spectrographs based on source morphology and shutter aperture placement. Compact objects show comparable or higher
integrated flux in NIRSpec relative to NIRISS (within 1σ uncertainties), while extended sources consistently display higher flux in NIRISS measurements. This pattern reflects NIRSpec’s optimal coverage for compact objects while potentially undersampling extended sources. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that NIRSpec recovers at least 63 per cent of NIRISS-measured flux when the slit covers >15 per cent of the source or when Re < 1 kpc. For lower coverage or larger effective radii, the recovered flux varies from 24 per cent to 63 per cent. When studying the H α λ6563/[O III] λ5007 emission line ratio, we observe that
measurements from these different spectrographs can vary by up to ∼0.3 dex, with significant implications for metallicity and star formation rate characterizations for individual galaxies. These results highlight the importance of considering instrumental effects when combining multi-instrument spectroscopic data and demonstrate that source morphology critically influences flux
recovery between slit-based and slitless spectroscopic modes in JWST observations.},
  author       = {Dalmasso, Nicolò and Watson, Peter J. and Treu, Tommaso and Trenti, Michele and Vulcani, Benedetta and Nanayakkara, Themiya and Bradač, Maruša and Jones, Tucker and Boyett, Kristan and Wang, Xin and Mascia, Sara and Pentericci, Laura},
  issn         = {1365-2966},
  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {1915--1925},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Quantifying spectroscopic flux variations between JWST NIRISS and NIRSpec: Slit losses in emission line measurements of z ∼ 1-3 galaxies}},
  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/staf1837},
  volume       = {544},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20663,
  abstract     = {Gravitropism, the patterning of postembryonic growth in relation to the gravity vector, allows plants to optimize the use of limited and nonhomogenous resources in their immediate environment. Since the current model of root gravitropism has not been able to integrate all aspects of the response (perception, response, and behavior), research on gravitropism has been dominated by different theories attempting to conceptualize each aspect individually. In this work, we sought to reevaluate all the main components of the root graviresponse through the lens of angle dependence. We show angle dependence in Cholodny–Went-based auxin asymmetry and growth response, which we tracked back to angle-dependent variation in PIN asymmetry and statolith sedimentation in the columella. Thanks to this approach, we were able to suggest distinct roles for PINs and columella cell tiers, and a potential function for auxin vertical flux through the columella. Our findings provide a unifying framework to further explore the mechanisms that regulate angle-dependent gravitropic response, with major implications of time-dependent features of root graviresponse.},
  author       = {Roychoudhry, Suruchi and Sageman-Furnas, Katelyn and Taylor, Harry J. and Showpnil, Iftekhar and Wolverton, Chris and Friml, Jiří and Bianco, Marta Del and Kepinski, Stefan},
  issn         = {1091-6490},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  number       = {46},
  pages        = {e2506400122},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Angle dependence as a unifying feature of root graviresponse modules}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2506400122},
  volume       = {122},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20664,
  abstract     = {Conference travel contributes to the climate footprint of academic research. Here, we provide a quantitative estimate of the carbon emissions associated with conference attendance by analyzing travel data from participants of 10 international conferences in the field of magnetic resonance, namely EUROMAR, ENC and ICMRBS. We find that attending a EUROMAR conference produces, on average, more than 1 t CO2 eq.. For the analyzed conferences outside Europe, the corresponding value is about 2–3 times higher, on average, with intercontinental trips amounting to up to 5 t. We compare these conference-related emissions to other activities associated with research and show that conference travel is a substantial portion of the total climate footprint of a researcher in magnetic resonance. We explore several strategies to reduce these emissions, including the impact of selecting conference venues more strategically and the possibility of decentralized conferences. Through a detailed comparison of train versus air travel – accounting for both direct and infrastructure-related emissions – we demonstrate that train travel offers considerable carbon savings. These data may provide a basis for strategic choices of future conferences in the field and for individuals deciding on their conference attendance.},
  author       = {Kapoor, Lucky and Ruzickova, Natalia and Zivadinovic, Predrag and Leitner, Valentin and Sisak, Maria A and Mweka, Cecelia N and Dobbelaere, Jeroen A and Katsaros, Georgios and Schanda, Paul},
  issn         = {2699-0016},
  journal      = {Magnetic Resonance},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {243--256},
  publisher    = {Copernicus Publications},
  title        = {{Quantifying the carbon footprint of conference travel: The case of NMR meetings}},
  doi          = {10.5194/mr-6-243-2025},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20666,
  abstract     = {We theoretically investigate the stationary properties of a spin-1/2 impurity immersed in a one-dimensional confined Bose gas. In particular, we consider coherently coupled spin states with an external field, where only one spin component interacts with the bath, enabling light dressing of the impurity and spin-dependent bath-impurity interactions. Through detailed comparisons with ab-initio many-body simulations, we demonstrate that the composite system is accurately described by a simplified effective Hamiltonian. The latter builds upon previously developed effective potential approaches in the absence of light dressing. It can be used to extract the impurity energy, residue, effective mass, and anharmonicity induced by the phononic dressing. Light-dressing is shown to increase the polaron residue, undressing the impurity from phononic excitations because of strong spin coupling. For strong repulsions, previously shown to trigger dynamical Bose polaron decay (a phenomenon called temporal orthogonality catastrophe), it is explained that strong light-dressing stabilizes a repulsive polaron-dressed state. Our results establish the effective Hamiltonian framework as a powerful tool for exploring strongly interacting polaronic systems and corroborating forthcoming experimental realizations.},
  author       = {Koutentakis, Georgios and Mistakidis, S. I. and Grusdt, F. and Sadeghpour, H. R. and Schmelcher, P.},
  issn         = {2542-4653},
  journal      = {Scipost Physics},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {SciPost Foundation},
  title        = {{Competition of light-and phonon-dressing in microwave-dressed Bose polarons}},
  doi          = {10.21468/SciPostPhys.19.4.093},
  volume       = {19},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{20667,
  abstract     = {We explore the problem of mean estimation for a high-dimensional binary symmetric Gaussian mixture model, where the label (sign) follows a time-inhomogeneous Markov chain. We propose a spectral estimator based on a partition of a subset of the samples to blocks. We develop a computationally efficient algorithm to find the optimal blocks, and derive minimax lower bounds on the estimation loss of any estimator, which establish the effectiveness of our proposed estimator. The resulting minimax rate illuminates the interplay between the sample size, dimension, signal strength, and the memory on the loss.},
  author       = {El Latif Kadry, Abd and Zhang, Yihan and Weinberger, Nir},
  booktitle    = {2025 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory Proceedings},
  isbn         = {9798331543990},
  issn         = {2157-8095},
  location     = {Ann Arbor, MI, United States},
  publisher    = {IEEE},
  title        = {{Mean estimation in high-dimensional binary timeinhomogeneous Markov Gaussian mixture models}},
  doi          = {10.1109/ISIT63088.2025.11195426},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{20684,
  abstract     = {Quantization is a powerful tool for accelerating large language model (LLM) inference, but the accuracy-performance trade-offs across different formats remain unclear. In this paper, we conduct the most comprehensive empirical study to date, evaluating FP8, INT8, and INT4
quantization across academic benchmarks and real-world tasks on the entire Llama-3.1 model
family. Through over 500,000 evaluations, our investigation yields several key findings: (1) FP8 (W8A8-FP) is effectively lossless across all model scales, (2) well-tuned INT8 (W8A8-INT) achieves surprisingly low (1-3%) accuracy degradation, and (3) INT4 weightonly (W4A16-INT) is more competitive than expected, rivaling 8-bit quantization. Further, we investigate the optimal quantization format for different deployments by analyzing inference performance through the popular vLLM framework. Our analysis provides clear deployment recommendations: W4A16 is the most cost-efficient for synchronous setups, while W8A8 dominates in asynchronous
continuous batching. For mixed workloads, the optimal choice depends on the specific use
case. Our findings offer practical, data-driven guidelines for deploying quantized LLMs at scale—ensuring the best balance between speed, efficiency, and accuracy. },
  author       = {Kurtic, Eldar and Marques, Alexandre and Pandit, Shubhra and Kurtz, Mark and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  isbn         = {9798891762510},
  issn         = {0736-587X},
  location     = {Vienna, Austria},
  pages        = {26872--26886},
  publisher    = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  title        = {{“Give me BF16 or give me death”? Accuracy-performance trade-offs in LLM quantization}},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20685,
  abstract     = {The Next Generation of Earth Modeling Systems (nextGEMS) project aimed to produce multidecadal climate simulations, for the first time, with resolved kilometer-scale (km-scale) processes in the ocean, land, and atmosphere. In only 3 years, nextGEMS achieved this milestone with the two km-scale Earth system models, ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic model (ICON) and Integrated Forecasting System coupled to the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (IFS-FESOM). nextGEMS was based on three cornerstones: (1) developing km-scale Earth system models with small errors in the energy and water balance, (2) performing km-scale climate simulations with a throughput greater than 1 simulated year per day, and (3) facilitating new workflows for an efficient analysis of the large simulations with common data structures and output variables. These cornerstones shaped the timeline of nextGEMS, divided into four cycles. Each cycle marked the release of a new configuration of ICON and IFS-FESOM, which were evaluated at hackathons. The hackathon participants included experts from climate science, software engineering, and high-performance computing as well as users from the energy and agricultural sectors. The continuous efforts over the four cycles allowed us to produce 30-year simulations with ICON and IFS-FESOM, spanning the period 2020–2049 under the SSP3-7.0 scenario. The throughput was about 500 simulated days per day on the Levante supercomputer of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). The simulations employed a horizontal grid of about 5 km resolution in the ocean and 10 km resolution in the atmosphere and land. Aside from this technical achievement, the simulations allowed us to gain new insights into the realism of ICON and IFS-FESOM. Beyond its time frame, nextGEMS builds the foundation of the Climate Change Adaptation Digital Twin developed in the Destination Earth initiative and paves the way for future European research on climate change.},
  author       = {Segura, Hans and Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, Xabier and Weiss, Philipp and Müller, Sebastian K. and Rackow, Thomas and Lee, Junhong and Dolores-Tesillos, Edgar and Benedict, Imme and Aengenheyster, Matthias and Aguridan, Razvan and Arduini, Gabriele and Baker, Alexander J. and Bao, Jiawei and Bastin, Swantje and Baulenas, Eulàlia and Becker, Tobias and Beyer, Sebastian and Bockelmann, Hendryk and Brüggemann, Nils and Brunner, Lukas and Cheedela, Suvarchal K. and Das, Sushant and Denissen, Jasper and Dragaud, Ian and Dziekan, Piotr and Ekblom, Madeleine and Engels, Jan Frederik and Esch, Monika and Forbes, Richard and Frauen, Claudia and Freischem, Lilli and García-Maroto, Diego and Geier, Philipp and Gierz, Paul and González-Cervera, Álvaro and Grayson, Katherine and Griffith, Matthew and Gutjahr, Oliver and Haak, Helmuth and Hadade, Ioan and Haslehner, Kerstin and ul Hasson, Shabeh and Hegewald, Jan and Kluft, Lukas and Koldunov, Aleksei and Koldunov, Nikolay and Kölling, Tobias and Koseki, Shunya and Kosukhin, Sergey and Kousal, Josh and Kuma, Peter and Kumar, Arjun U. and Li, Rumeng and Maury, Nicolas and Meindl, Maximilian and Milinski, Sebastian and Mogensen, Kristian and Niraula, Bimochan and Nowak, Jakub and Praturi, Divya Sri and Proske, Ulrike and Putrasahan, Dian and Redler, René and Santuy, David and Sármány, Domokos and Schnur, Reiner and Scholz, Patrick and Sidorenko, Dmitry and Spät, Dorian and Sützl, Birgit and Takasuka, Daisuke and Tompkins, Adrian and Uribe, Alejandro and Valentini, Mirco and Veerman, Menno and Voigt, Aiko and Warnau, Sarah and Wachsmann, Fabian and Wacławczyk, Marta and Wedi, Nils and Wieners, Karl-Hermann and Wille, Jonathan and Winkler, Marius and Wu, Yuting and Ziemen, Florian and Zimmermann, Janos and Bender, Frida A.-M. and Bojovic, Dragana and Bony, Sandrine and Bordoni, Simona and Brehmer, Patrice and Dengler, Marcus and Dutra, Emanuel and Faye, Saliou and Fischer, Erich and van Heerwaarden, Chiel and Hohenegger, Cathy and Järvinen, Heikki and Jochum, Markus and Jung, Thomas and Jungclaus, Johann H. and Keenlyside, Noel S. and Klocke, Daniel and Konow, Heike and Klose, Martina and Malinowski, Szymon and Martius, Olivia and Mauritsen, Thorsten and Mellado, Juan Pedro and Mieslinger, Theresa and Mohino, Elsa and Pawłowska, Hanna and Peters-von Gehlen, Karsten and Sarré, Abdoulaye and Sobhani, Pajam and Stier, Philip and Tuppi, Lauri and Vidale, Pier Luigi and Sandu, Irina and Stevens, Bjorn},
  issn         = {1991-9603},
  journal      = {Geoscientific Model Development},
  number       = {20},
  pages        = {7735--7761},
  publisher    = {Copernicus Publications},
  title        = {{nextGEMS: Entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling}},
  doi          = {10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025},
  volume       = {18},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20686,
  abstract     = {Emission from two massive black holes (MBHs) bound in a close binary is expected to be modulated by different processes, such as the Doppler boost due to the orbital motion, accretion rate variability generated by the interaction with a circumbinary disc, and binary gravitational self-lensing. When the binary is compact enough, the two black holes are thought to be surrounded by a common broad-line region that reprocesses the impinging periodically varying ionising flux, creating broad emission lines with variable line shapes. Therefore, the study of broad emission line variability through multi-epoch spectroscopic campaigns is of paramount importance for the unambiguous identification of a binary. In this work, we study the response of a disc-like broad-line region to the Doppler-boosted ionising flux emitted by sub-milliparsec MBH binaries on a circular orbit and compare it with the response of a broad-line region illuminated by a single MBH with a periodically but isotropically varying intrinsic luminosity. We show that in the binary case, the time lags of the blue and red wings of the broad emission lines, arising from diametrically opposite sides of the circumbinary disc, are out of phase by half of the binary’s orbital period, as they each respond to the periodic ‘lighthouse’ modulation from the binary’s continuum emission. This asymmetric time lag represents a new binary signature that cannot be mimicked by a single MBH.},
  author       = {Bertassi, Lorenzo and Sottocorno, Erika and Rigamonti, Fabio and D’Orazio, Daniel and Eracleous, Michael and Haiman, Zoltán and Dotti, Massimo},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Testing compact massive black hole binary candidates through multi-epoch spectroscopy}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202554574},
  volume       = {702},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20687,
  abstract     = {Subgiants and early red giants are crucial for studying the first dredge-up, a key evolutionary phase in which the convective envelope deepens, mixing previously interior-processed material and bringing it to the surface. Yet, very few have been seismically characterized with Kepler because their oscillation frequencies are close to the 30 minute sampling frequency of the mission. We developed a new method as part of the new PyA2Z code of identifying super-Nyquist oscillators and inferring their global seismic parameters, νmax and large separation, Δν.

Applying PyA2Z to 2065 Kepler targets, we seismically characterize 285 super-Nyquist and 168 close-to-Nyquist stars with masses from 0.8 to 1.6 M⊙. In combination with APOGEE spectroscopy, Gaia spectrophotometry, and stellar models, we derive stellar ages for the sample. There is good agreement between the predicted and actual positions of stars on the HR diagram (luminosity vs. effective temperature) as a function of mass and composition. While the timing of dredge-up is consistent with predictions, the magnitude and mass dependence show discrepancies with models, possibly due to uncertainties in model physics or calibration issues in observed abundance scales.},
  author       = {Liagre, Bastien Raymond Bernard and García, R. A. and Mathur, S. and Pinsonneault, M. H. and Serenelli, A. and Zinn, J. C. and Cao, K. and Godoy-Rivera, D. and Tayar, J. and Beck, P. G. and Grossmann, D. H. and Palakkatharappil, D. B.},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Beyond the Nyquist frequency}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202555167},
  volume       = {702},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{20688,
  abstract     = {We consider two-player zero-sum concurrent stochastic games (CSGs) played on graphs with reachability and safety objectives. These include degenerate classes such as Markov decision processes or turn-based stochastic games, which can be solved by linear or quadratic programming; however, in practice, value iteration (VI) outperforms the other approaches and is the most implemented method. Similarly, for CSGs, this practical performance makes VI an attractive alternative to the standard theoretical solution via the existential theory of reals.VI starts with an under-approximation of the sought values for each state and iteratively updates them, traditionally terminating once two consecutive approximations are ϵ-close. However, this stopping criterion lacks guarantees on the precision of the approximation, which is the goal of this work. We provide bounded (a.k.a. interval) VI for CSGs: it complements standard VI with a converging sequence of over-approximations and terminates once the over- and under-approximations are ϵ-close.},
  author       = {Grobelna, Marta and Kretinsky, Jan and Weininger, Maximilian},
  booktitle    = {2025 40th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science},
  location     = {Singapore, Singapore},
  pages        = {568--580},
  publisher    = {IEEE},
  title        = {{Stopping criteria for value iteration on concurrent stochastic reachability and safety games}},
  doi          = {10.1109/lics65433.2025.00049},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{20689,
  abstract     = {This paper studies the expected value of multiplicative rewards, where rewards obtained in each step are multiplied (instead of the usual addition), in Markov chains (MCs) and Markov decision processes (MDPs). One of the key differences to additive rewards is that the expected value may diverge to ∞ not only due to recurrent, but also due to transient states.For MCs, computing the value is shown to be possible in polynomial time given an oracle for the comparison of succinctly represented integers (CSRI), which is only known to be solvable in polynomial time subject to number-theoretic conjectures. Interestingly, distinguishing whether the value is ∞ or 0 is at least as hard as CSRI, while determining if it is one of these two can be done in polynomial time. In MDPs, the optimal value can be computed in polynomial space. Further refined complexity results and results on the complexity of optimal schedulers are presented. The techniques developed for MDPs additionally allow to solve the multiplicative variant of the stochastic shortest path problem. Finally, for MCs and MDPs where an absorbing state is reached almost surely, all considered problems are solvable in polynomial time.},
  author       = {Baier, Christel and Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Meggendorfer, Tobias and Piribauer, Jakob},
  booktitle    = {2025 40th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science},
  location     = {Singapore, Singapore},
  pages        = {499--512},
  publisher    = {IEEE},
  title        = {{Multiplicative rewards in Markovian models}},
  doi          = {10.1109/lics65433.2025.00044},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{20690,
  abstract     = {Cumulative prospect theory (CPT) is the first theory for decision-making under uncertainty that combines full theoretical soundness and empirically realistic features [1], [Page 2]. While CPT was originally considered in one-shot settings for risk-aware decision-making, we consider CPT in sequential decision-making. The most fundamental and well-studied models for sequential decision-making are Markov chains (MCs), and their generalization Markov decision processes (MDPs). The complexity theoretic study of MCs and MDPs with CPT is a fundamental problem that has not been addressed in the literature.Our contributions are as follows: First, we present an alternative viewpoint for the CPT-value of MCs and MDPs. This allows us to establish a connection with multi-objective reachability analysis and conclude the strategy complexity result that memoryless randomized strategies are necessary and sufficient for optimality. Second, based on this connection, we provide an algorithm for computing the CPT-value in MDPs with infinite-horizon objectives. We show that the problem is in EXPTIME and fixed-parameter tractable. Moreover, we provide a polynomial-time algorithm for the special case of MCs.},
  author       = {Brihaye, Thomas and Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Mohr, Stefanie and Weininger, Maximilian},
  booktitle    = {2025 40th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science},
  location     = {Singapore, Singapore},
  pages        = {458--471},
  publisher    = {IEEE},
  title        = {{Risk-aware Markov decision processes using cumulative prospect theory}},
  doi          = {10.1109/lics65433.2025.00041},
  year         = {2025},
}