@article{20967,
  abstract     = {A biotinylated helical aromatic oligoamide foldamer equivalent in size to a 24mer peptide was designed without any prejudice other than to display various polar and hydrophobic side chains at its surface. It was synthesized on solid phase, its P- and M-helical conformers were separated by HPLC on a chiral stationary phase, and the solid state structure of a non-biotinylated analogue was elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Pull-down experiments from a yeast cell lysate using the foldamer as a bait followed by proteomic analysis revealed potential protein binding partners. Three of these proteins were recombinantly expressed. Biolayer interferometry showed submicromolar binding demonstrating the potential of a given foldamer to have affinity for certain proteins in the absence of design considerations. Yet, binding selectivity was low in all three cases since both P- and M-conformers bound to the proteins with similar affinities.},
  author       = {Kwon, Sunbum and Morozov, Vasily and Wang, Lingfei and Mandal, Pradeep K and Chaignepain, Stéphane and Douat, Céline and Huc, Ivan},
  issn         = {1477-0539},
  journal      = {Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry},
  number       = {48},
  pages        = {9342--9347},
  publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  title        = {{Interrogating the potential of helical aromatic foldamers for protein recognition}},
  doi          = {10.1039/d4ob01436g},
  volume       = {22},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{21064,
  abstract     = {The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is revolutionizing our knowledge of z > 5 galaxies and their actively accreting black holes. Using the JWST Cycle 1 Treasury program Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) in the lensing field A2744, we report the identification of a sample of little red dots at 3 < zphot < 7 that likely contain highly reddened accreting supermassive black holes. Using a NIRCam-only selection to F444W < 27.7 mag, we find 26 sources over the ∼45 arcmin^2 field that are blue in F115W − F200W ∼ 0 (or βUV ∼ –2.0 for fλ ∝ λ^β), red in F200W − F444W = 1−4 (βopt ∼ +2.0), and are dominated by a point-source-like central component. Of the 20 sources with deep Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.2 mm coverage, none are detected individually or in a stack. For the majority of the sample, spectral energy distribution fits to the JWST+ALMA observations prefer models with hot dust rather than obscured star formation to reproduce the red NIRCam colors and ALMA 1.2 mm nondetections. While compact dusty star formation cannot be ruled out, the combination of extremely small sizes (〈re〉 ≈ 50 pc after correction for magnification), red rest-frame optical slopes, and hot dust can be explained by reddened broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our targets have faint M1450 ≈ −14 to −18 mag but inferred bolometric luminosities of Lbol = 10^43–10^46 erg s^−1, reflecting their obscured nature. If the candidates are confirmed as AGNs with upcoming UNCOVER spectroscopy, then we have found an abundant population of reddened luminous AGNs that are at least ten times more numerous than UV-luminous AGNs at the same intrinsic bolometric luminosity.},
  author       = {Labbe, Ivo and Greene, Jenny E. and Bezanson, Rachel and Fujimoto, Seiji and Furtak, Lukas J. and Goulding, Andy D. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Naidu, Rohan P. and Oesch, Pascal A. and Atek, Hakim and Brammer, Gabriel and Chemerynska, Iryna and Coe, Dan and Cutler, Sam E. and Dayal, Pratika and Feldmann, Robert and Franx, Marijn and Glazebrook, Karl and Leja, Joel and Maseda, Michael and Marchesini, Danilo and Nanayakkara, Themiya and Nelson, Erica J. and Pan, Richard and Papovich, Casey and Price, Sedona H. and Suess, Katherine A. and Wang, Bingjie 冰洁 and Weaver, John R. and Whitaker, Katherine E. and Williams, Christina C. and Zitrin, Adi},
  issn         = {1538-4357},
  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 < z < 7 with JWST and ALMA}},
  doi          = {10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551},
  volume       = {978},
  year         = {2024},
}

@misc{21304,
  abstract     = {No description provided.},
  author       = {Santana de Freitas Amaral, Miguel},
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  title        = {{archaeal_membranes : code and examples}},
  doi          = {10.5281/ZENODO.13934991},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{21528,
  abstract     = {We present a framework for the end-to-end optimization of metasurface imaging systems that reconstruct targets using compressed sensing, a technique for solving underdetermined imaging problems when the target object exhibits sparsity (e.g., the object can be described by a small number of nonzero values, but the positions of these values are unknown). We nest an iterative, unapproximated compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm into our end-to-end optimization pipeline, resulting in an interpretable, data-efficient method for maximally leveraging metaoptics to exploit object sparsity. We apply our framework to super-resolution imaging and high-resolution depth imaging with a phase-change material. In both situations, our end-to-end framework effectively optimizes metasurface structures for compressed sensing recovery, automatically balancing a number of complicated design considerations to select an imaging measurement matrix from a complex, physically constrained manifold with millions of dimensions. The optimized metasurface imaging systems are robust to noise, significantly improving over random scattering surfaces and approaching the ideal compressed sensing performance of a Gaussian matrix, showing how a physical metasurface system can demonstrably approach the mathematical limits of compressed sensing.},
  author       = {Arya, Gaurav and Li, William F. and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Soljačić, Marin and Johnson, Steven G. and Lin, Zin},
  issn         = {2330-4022},
  journal      = {ACS Photonics},
  keywords     = {end-to-end, optimization, metasurface, imaging, compressed sensing},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {2077--2087},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{End-to-end optimization of metasurfaces for imaging with compressed sensing}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00259},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{21529,
  abstract     = {A central challenge in the emerging field of free-electron quantum optics is to achieve strong quantum interaction and single-photon nonlinearity between a flying free electron and a photonic mode. Existing schemes are intrinsically limited by electron diffraction, which puts an upper bound on the interaction length and, therefore, on the strength of quantum coupling and nonlinearity. Here, we propose “free-electron fibers”: effectively one-dimensional photonic systems where free electrons copropagate with two guided modes. The first mode applies a ponderomotive trap to the free electron, removing the limitations due to electron diffraction. The second mode strongly couples to the guided free electron with an enhanced coupling that is orders of magnitude larger than previous designs. The extended interaction lengths enabled by our scheme allow for strong single-photon nonlinearities mediated by free electrons. We predict novel quantum effects in our system such as deterministic single-photon emission and nonlinear multimode dynamics. Our proposal paves the way toward the realization of heralded macroscopic nonclassical light generation, deterministic single-photon sources, and quantum gates controlled by free-electron–photon interactions.},
  author       = {Karnieli, Aviv and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Rivera, Nicholas and Fan, Shanhui},
  issn         = {2330-4022},
  journal      = {ACS Photonics},
  keywords     = {quantum optics, free electrons, single photon nonlinearity, electron-photon interaction},
  number       = {8},
  pages        = {3401--3411},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Strong coupling and single-photon nonlinearity in free-electron quantum optics}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00908},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{21535,
  abstract     = {Optical phenomena always display some degree of partial coherence between their respective degrees of freedom. Partial coherence is of particular interest in multimodal systems, where classical and quantum correlations between spatial, polarization, and spectral degrees of freedom can lead to fascinating phenomena (e.g., entanglement) and be leveraged for advanced imaging and sensing modalities (e.g., in hyperspectral, polarization, and ghost imaging). Here, we present a universal method to analyze, process, and generate spatially partially coherent light in multimode systems by using self-configuring optical networks. Our method relies on cascaded self-configuring layers whose average power outputs are sequentially optimized. Once optimized, the network separates the input light into its mutually incoherent components, which is formally equivalent to a diagonalization of the input density matrix. We illustrate our method with numerical simulations of Mach-Zehnder interferometer arrays and show how this method can be used to perform partially coherent environmental light sensing, generation of multimode partially coherent light with arbitrary coherency matrices, and unscrambling of quantum optical mixtures. We provide guidelines for the experimental realization of this method, including the influence of losses, paving the way for self-configuring photonic devices that can automatically learn optimal modal representations of partially coherent light fields.},
  author       = {Roques-Carmes, Charles and Fan, Shanhui and Miller, David A. B.},
  issn         = {2047-7538},
  journal      = {Light: Science & Applications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Measuring, processing, and generating partially coherent light with self-configuring optics}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41377-024-01622-y},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{21540,
  abstract     = {Probabilistic machine learning utilizes controllable sources of randomness to encode uncertainty and enable statistical modeling. Harnessing the pure randomness of quantum vacuum noise, which stems from fluctuating electromagnetic fields, has shown promise for high speed and energy-efficient stochastic photonic elements. Nevertheless, photonic computing hardware which can control these stochastic elements to program probabilistic machine learning algorithms has been limited. Here, we implement a photonic probabilistic computer consisting of a controllable stochastic photonic element – a photonic probabilistic neuron (PPN). Our PPN is implemented in a bistable optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with vacuum-level injected bias fields. We then program a measurement-and-feedback loop for time-multiplexed PPNs with electronic processors (FPGA or GPU) to solve certain probabilistic machine learning tasks. We showcase probabilistic inference and image generation of MNIST-handwritten digits, which are representative examples of discriminative and generative models. In both implementations, quantum vacuum noise is used as a random seed to encode classification uncertainty or probabilistic generation of samples. In addition, we propose a path towards an all-optical probabilistic computing platform, with an estimated sampling rate of  ~1 Gbps and energy consumption of  ~5 fJ/MAC. Our work paves the way for scalable, ultrafast, and energy-efficient probabilistic machine learning hardware.},
  author       = {Choi, Seou and Salamin, Yannick and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Dangovski, Rumen and Luo, Di and Chen, Zhuo and Horodynski, Michael and Sloan, Jamison and Uddin, Shiekh Zia and Soljačić, Marin},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Photonic probabilistic machine learning using quantum vacuum noise}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-024-51509-0},
  volume       = {15},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{21560,
  abstract     = {Scintillation describes the conversion of high-energy particles into light in transparent media and finds diverse applications such as high-energy particle detection and industrial and medical imaging. This process operates on multiple timescales, with the final radiative step consisting of spontaneous emission, which can be modeled within the framework of quasiequilibrium fluctuational electrodynamics. Scintillation can therefore be controlled and enhanced via nanophotonic effects, which has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Such designs have thus far obeyed Lorentz reciprocity, meaning there is a direct equivalence between scintillation emission and absorption by the scintillator. However, scintillators that do not obey Lorentz reciprocity have not been explored, even though they represent an alternative platform for probing emission, which is both nonequilibrium and nonreciprocal in nature. In this work, we propose to harness nonreciprocity to achieve directional control of scintillation emission, granting an additional degree of control over scintillation. Such directionality of light output is useful in improving collection efficiencies along the directions where detectors are located. We present the design of a nonreciprocal scintillator using a one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystal in the Voigt configuration. Our work demonstrates the potential of controlling nonequilibrium such as scintillation by breaking reciprocity and expands the space of nanophotonic design for achieving such control.},
  author       = {Long, Olivia Y. and Pajovic, Simo and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Tsurimaki, Yoichiro and Rivera, Nicholas and Soljačić, Marin and Boriskina, Svetlana V. and Fan, Shanhui},
  issn         = {2331-7019},
  journal      = {Physical Review Applied},
  number       = {5},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Nonreciprocal scintillation using one-dimensional magneto-optical photonic crystals}},
  doi          = {10.1103/physrevapplied.22.054062},
  volume       = {22},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{21564,
  abstract     = {Multimode quantum light is enticing for several applications, spanning imaging, spectroscopy, communication, and more. Parametric nonlinear processes have been vital in realizing squeezed and other quantum states of light. However, most work exploiting these processes has focused on generating multimode squeezed vacua and squeezing in mode superpositions (supermodes). Bright squeezing in multiple discrete frequency modes, if realized, could unlock novel applications in quantum-enhanced spectroscopy and optical quantum computing. Here, we show how dissipation engineering of a multimode nonlinear cavity with cascaded three-wave-mixing processes allows us to shape above-threshold frequency combs that feature strong single-mode output amplitude noise squeezing over 10 dB below the shot-noise limit, tunable across the comb. In addition, we demonstrate squeezing for multiple discrete frequency modes above threshold. This bright squeezing arises from enhancement of the (noiseless) nonlinear rate relative to decay rates in the system due to the cascaded generation of photons in a single idler “bath” mode. A natural consequence of the strong nonlinear coupling in our system is the creation of an effective cavity in the synthetic frequency dimension that sustains Bloch oscillations in the modal energy distribution. Bloch mode engineering could provide an opportunity to better control nonlinear energy flow in the synthetic frequency dimension, with exciting applications in quantum random walks and topological photonics. Lastly, we show evidence of long-range correlations in amplitude noise between discrete frequency modes, enabling long-range entanglement in a synthetic frequency dimension and providing a new resource for quantum communication.},
  author       = {Pontula, Sahil and Salamin, Yannick and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Soljačić, Marin},
  issn         = {2691-3399},
  journal      = {PRX Quantum},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Shaping quantum noise through cascaded nonlinear processes in a dissipation-engineered multimode cavity}},
  doi          = {10.1103/prxquantum.5.040345},
  volume       = {5},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{21582,
  abstract     = {Scintillation materials convert high-energy radiation to optical light through a complex multistage process. The last stage of the process is spontaneous light emission, which usually governs and limits the scintillator emission rate and light yield. For decades, scintillator research focused on developing faster-emitting materials or external photonic coatings for improving light yields. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a fundamentally different approach: enhancing the scintillation rate and yield via the Purcell effect, utilizing optical environment engineering to boost spontaneous emission. This enhancement is universally applicable to any scintillating material and dopant when the material’s nanoscale geometry is engineered. We design a thin multilayer nanophotonic scintillator, demonstrating Purcell-enhanced scintillation with 50% enhancement in emission rate and 80% enhancement in light yield. The emission is robust to fabrication disorder, further highlighting its potential for x-ray applications. Our results show prospects for bridging nanophotonics and scintillator science toward reduced radiation dosage and increased resolution for high-energy particle detection.},
  author       = {Kurman, Yaniv and Lahav, Neta and Schuetz, Roman and Shultzman, Avner and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Lifshits, Alon and Zaken, Segev and Lenkiewicz, Tom and Strassberg, Rotem and Be’er, Orr and Bekenstein, Yehonadav and Kaminer, Ido},
  issn         = {2375-2548},
  journal      = {Science Advances},
  number       = {44},
  publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  title        = {{Purcell-enhanced x-ray scintillation}},
  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.adq6325},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2024},
}

@inproceedings{21596,
  abstract     = {We observe record-fast X-ray-induced light emission (scintillation) from perovskite quantum dots, a long-sought characteristic in time-of-flight radiation detectors. This fast emission is correlated with spectral.},
  author       = {Katznelson, Shaul and Levy, Shai and Gorlach, Alexey and Tziperman, Offek and Schuetz, Roman and Strassberg, Rotem and Dosovitsky, Georgy and Bekenstein, Yehonadav and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Kaminer, Ido},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Charlotte, NC, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Spectral splitting and enhanced emission rate in X-ray-driven scintillation from perovskite quantum dots}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.ff1c.6},
  year         = {2024},
}

@inproceedings{21597,
  abstract     = {We investigate the dynamics of optical parametric oscillators biased with quantum states of light and present a method for single-quadrature reconstruction of their Husimi <jats:italic>Q</jats:italic>-function. Perfect reconstruction fidelity is predicted at specific threshold values.},
  author       = {Gu, Alex and Sloan, Jamison and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Choi, Seou and Horodynski, Michael and Salamin, Yannick and Soljačić, Marin},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Charlotte, NC, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Controlling steady-state statistics of a bistable driven-dissipative system with quantum bias}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.ff1k.6},
  year         = {2024},
}

@inproceedings{21598,
  abstract     = {We have built an experimental platform to study and control interactions between modulated free-electron beams and microwave spins. Our platform relies on optical readout of spin states in nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond.},
  author       = {Catanzaro, Dominic and Grzesik, Jakob and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Leedle, Kenneth J. and Black, Dylan S. and Solgaard, Olav and Vučković, Jelena},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Charlotte, NC, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{An experimental platform to control solid-state spin systems with engineered electron beams}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fm4f.5},
  year         = {2024},
}

@inproceedings{21599,
  abstract     = {We present a method for reconstructing intracavity dynamics of an optical parametric oscillator and performing cavity quantum tomography. Our approach involves evaluating the sensitivity of the bistable oscillator’s output to a bias field.},
  author       = {Salamin, Yannick and Choi, Seou and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Sloan, Jamison and Horodynski, Michael and Soljačić, Marin},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Charlotte, NC, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Intracavity quantum dynamics and tomography in a biased optical parametric oscillator}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fm4k.1},
  year         = {2024},
}

@inproceedings{21600,
  abstract     = {We develop a new general theory of quantum noise in photonics. As an example, we demonstrate strong quantum correlations and squeezing in supercontinuum generation. Our results enable overcoming quantum noise limits in many optoelectronic systems.},
  author       = {Rivera, Nicholas and Uddin, Shiekh Zia and Seyler, Devin and Salamin, Yannick and Sloan, Jamison and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Xu, Shutao and Sander, Michelle and Soljačić, Marin},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Charlotte, NC, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{An ab initio framework for understanding and controlling quantum fluctuations in complex light-matter systems}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fth1m.2},
  year         = {2024},
}

@inproceedings{21601,
  abstract     = {We measure the second-order coherence function g(²) of scintillators and show how this measurement enables extracting important scintillator properties: lifetime, scintillation yield, and energy resolution, all extracted using a simple X-ray tube.},
  author       = {Kasten, Noam and Katznelson, Shaul and Tziperman, Offek and Shultzman, Avner and Strassberg, Rotem and Dosovitskiy, Georgy and Bekenstein, Yehonadav and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Kaminer, Ido},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Charlotte, NC, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Photon correlations of scintillation light and its application to scintillator characterization}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fth1m.4},
  year         = {2024},
}

@inproceedings{21602,
  abstract     = {We develop a scalable fabrication method for nanophotonic scintillators embedded with self-assembled nanophotonic structures. We demonstrate a 2.6-fold scintillation enhancement in a conventional scintillator over 4×4cm, showing the potential of our technique for X-ray imaging.},
  author       = {Martin-Monier, Louis and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Pajovic, Simo and Hu, Juejun and Soljačić, Marin},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Charlotte, NC, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Large-scale self-assembled nanophotonic scintillators for X-ray imaging}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.ftu3g.1},
  year         = {2024},
}

@inproceedings{21603,
  abstract     = {We show how ponderomotive guiding of free electrons inside hollow optical fibers enables strong electron-photon coupling, together with exceptionally high single photon nonlinearities.},
  author       = {Karnieli, Aviv and Rivera, Nicholas and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Fan, Shanhui},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Charlotte, NC, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Free-electron ponderomotive guiding for strong coupling and single-photon nonlinearity}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fw3k.3},
  year         = {2024},
}

@inproceedings{21604,
  abstract     = {We develop a framework modeling nanoscale their light yield quantitatively and comparing with new fabricated multilayer polymer-scintillators. This combined theory-experiment approach unveils the prospects of controlling secondary-electrons for future enhanced scintillators.},
  author       = {Shultzman, Avner and Beer, Orr and Strassberg, Rotem and Dosovitskiy, Georgy and Schütz, Roman and Veber, Noam and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Bekenstein, Yehonadav and Kaminer, Ido},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Charlotte, NC, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Theory and experiment of nanoscale heterostructure scintillators}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fw3p.4},
  year         = {2024},
}

@inproceedings{21605,
  abstract     = {We propose an experimentally viable photonic approach to solve arbitrary probabilistic computing problems. Our proposition relies on a network of coupled optical parametric oscillators that are controlled with a bias field.},
  author       = {Horodynski, Michael and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Salamin, Yannick and Choi, Seou and Sloan, Jamison and Luo, Di and Soljačić, Marin},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Charlotte, CA, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Stochastic logic in biased coupled photonic probabilistic bits}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fw3q.6},
  year         = {2024},
}