@inproceedings{17170, abstract = {In this article we extend and strengthen the seminal work by Niyogi, Smale, and Weinberger on the learning of the homotopy type from a sample of an underlying space. In their work, Niyogi, Smale, and Weinberger studied samples of C² manifolds with positive reach embedded in ℝ^d. We extend their results in the following ways: - As the ambient space we consider both ℝ^d and Riemannian manifolds with lower bounded sectional curvature. - In both types of ambient spaces, we study sets of positive reach - a significantly more general setting than C² manifolds - as well as general manifolds of positive reach. - The sample P of a set (or a manifold) 𝒮 of positive reach may be noisy. We work with two one-sided Hausdorff distances - ε and δ - between P and 𝒮. We provide tight bounds in terms of ε and δ, that guarantee that there exists a parameter r such that the union of balls of radius r centred at the sample P deformation-retracts to 𝒮. We exhibit their tightness by an explicit construction. We carefully distinguish the roles of δ and ε. This is not only essential to achieve tight bounds, but also sensible in practical situations, since it allows one to adapt the bound according to sample density and the amount of noise present in the sample separately.}, author = {Attali, Dominique and Kourimska, Hana and Fillmore, Christopher D and Ghosh, Ishika and Lieutier, André and Stephenson, Elizabeth R and Wintraecken, Mathijs}, booktitle = {40th International Symposium on Computational Geometry}, isbn = {9783959773164}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Athens, Greece}, pages = {11:1--11:19}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Tight bounds for the learning of homotopy à la Niyogi, Smale, and Weinberger for subsets of euclidean spaces and of Riemannian manifolds}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2024.11}, volume = {293}, year = {2024}, } @article{17187, abstract = {The generation of diverse cell types during development is fundamental to brain functions. We outline a protocol to quantitatively assess the clonal output of individual neural progenitors using mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) in mice. We first describe steps to acquire and reconstruct adult MADM clones in the superior colliculus. Then we detail analysis pipelines to determine clonal composition and architecture. This protocol enables the buildup of quantitative frameworks of lineage progression with precise spatial resolution in the brain. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Cheung et al.1}, author = {Cheung, Giselle T and Streicher, Carmen and Hippenmeyer, Simon}, issn = {2666-1667}, journal = {STAR Protocols}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Protocol for quantitative reconstruction of cell lineage using mosaic analysis with double markers in mice}}, doi = {10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103157}, volume = {5}, year = {2024}, } @article{17188, abstract = {In a delegation problem, a principal P with commitment power tries to pick one out of 𝑛 options. Each option is drawn independently from a known distribution. Instead of inspecting the options herself, P delegates the information acquisition to a rational and self-interested agent A. After inspection, A proposes one of the options, and P can accept or reject. Delegation is a classic setting in economic information design with many prominent applications, but the computational problems are only poorly understood. In this paper, we study a natural online variant of delegation, in which the agent searches through the options in an online fashion. For each option, he has to irrevocably decide if he wants to propose the current option or discard it, before seeing information on the next option(s). How can we design algorithms for P that approximate the utility of her best option in hindsight? We show that in general P can obtain a Θ(1∕𝑛)-approximation and extend this result to ratios of Θ(𝑘∕𝑛) in case (1) A has a lookahead of 𝑘 rounds, or (2) A can propose up to 𝑘 different options. We provide fine-grained bounds independent of 𝑛 based on three parameters. If the ratio of maximum and minimum utility for A is bounded by a factor 𝛼, we obtain an Ω(loglog 𝛼∕ log 𝛼)- approximation algorithm, and we show that this is best possible. Additionally, if P cannot distinguish options with the same value for herself, we show that ratios polynomial in 1∕𝛼 cannot be avoided. If there are at most 𝛽 different utility values for A, we show a Θ(1∕𝛽)-approximation. If the utilities of P and A for each option are related by a factor 𝛾, we obtain an Ω(1∕ log 𝛾)- approximation, where 𝑂(log log 𝛾∕ log 𝛾) is best possible.}, author = {Braun, Pirmin and Hahn, Niklas and Hoefer, Martin and Schecker, Conrad}, issn = {0004-3702}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Delegated online search}}, doi = {10.1016/j.artint.2024.104171}, volume = {334}, year = {2024}, } @article{17189, abstract = {Supergranules, which are solar flow features with a lateral scale of 30,000–40,000 km and a lifetime of ~24 h, form a prominent component of the Sun’s convective spectrum. However, their internal flows, which can be probed only by helioseismology, are not well understood. We analyse dopplergrams recorded by the Solar Dynamics Observatory satellite to identify and characterize ~23,000 supergranules. We find that the vertical flows peak at a depth of ~10,000 km, and remain invariant over the full range of lateral supergranular scales, contrary to numerical predictions. We also infer that, within the local seismic resolution (≳5,000 km), downflows are ~40% weaker than upflows, indicating an apparent mass-flux imbalance. This may imply that the descending flows also comprise plumes, which maintain the mass balance but are simply too small to be detected by seismic waves. These results challenge the widely used mixing-length description of solar convection.}, author = {Hanson, Chris S. and Das, Srijan B and Mani, Prasad and Hanasoge, Shravan and Sreenivasan, Katepalli R.}, issn = {2397-3366}, journal = {Nature Astronomy}, pages = {1088--1101}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Supergranular-scale solar convection not explained by mixing-length theory}}, doi = {10.1038/s41550-024-02304-w}, volume = {8}, year = {2024}, } @article{17190, abstract = {For a locally finite set, 𝐴⊆ℝ𝑑 , the 𝑘 th Brillouin zone of 𝑎∈𝐴 is the region of points 𝑥∈ℝ𝑑 for which ‖𝑥−𝑎‖ is the 𝑘 th smallest among the Euclidean distances between 𝑥 and the points in 𝐴 . If 𝐴 is a lattice, the 𝑘 th Brillouin zones of the points in 𝐴 are translates of each other, and together they tile space. Depending on the value of 𝑘 , they express medium- or long-range order in the set. We study fundamental geometric and combinatorial properties of Brillouin zones, focusing on the integer lattice and its perturbations. Our results include the stability of a Brillouin zone under perturbations, a linear upper bound on the number of chambers in a zone for lattices in ℝ2 , and the convergence of the maximum volume of a chamber to zero for the integer lattice.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Garber, Alexey and Ghafaris, Mohadese and Heiss, Teresa and Saghafiant, Morteza and Wintraecken, Mathijs}, issn = {0895-4801}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics}, number = {2}, pages = {1784--1807}, publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}, title = {{Brillouin zones of integer lattices and their perturbations}}, doi = {10.1137/22M1489071}, volume = {38}, year = {2024}, } @article{17191, abstract = {Dendritic cells migrate to and from lymph nodes in response to chemokine gradients.Data now show that steady-state migration of these cells can be triggered by a mechanosensitive pathway.}, author = {Lembo, Sergio and Sixt, Michael K}, issn = {1529-2916}, journal = {Nature Immunology}, pages = {1131–1132 }, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Nuclear squeezing wakes up dendritic cells}}, doi = {10.1038/s41590-024-01881-2}, volume = {25}, year = {2024}, } @misc{17196, abstract = {This .zip File contains the data for the figures presented in the main text and supplementary material of "A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge" by O.Sagi et al. The measurements were done using Qcodes. The description of the files and the instructions on opening the data can be found in the Readme. An additional Jupyter Notebook is attached that walks through the data analysis.}, author = {Sagi, Oliver}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{A gate-tunable transmon in planar Ge}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:17196}, year = {2024}, } @article{18444, abstract = {Animals rely on compensatory actions to maintain stability and navigate their environment efficiently. These actions depend on global visual motion cues known as optic-flow. While the optomotor response has been the traditional focus for studying optic-flow compensation in insects, its simplicity has been insufficient to determine the role of the intricate optic-flow processing network involved in visual course control. Here, we reveal a series of course control behaviours in Drosophila and link them to specific neural circuits. We show that bilateral electrical coupling of optic-flow-sensitive neurons in the fly’s lobula plate are required for a proper course control. This electrical interaction works alongside chemical synapses within the HS-H2 network to control the dynamics and direction of turning behaviours. Our findings reveal how insects use bilateral motion cues for navigation, assigning a new functional significance to the HS-H2 network and suggesting a previously unknown role for gap junctions in non-linear operations.}, author = {Pokusaeva, Victoria and Satapathy, Roshan K and Symonova, Olga and Jösch, Maximilian A}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Bilateral interactions of optic-flow sensitive neurons coordinate course control in flies}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-024-53173-w}, volume = {15}, year = {2024}, } @article{18445, abstract = {Acquisition of specialized cellular features is controlled by the ordered expression of transcription factors (TFs) along differentiation trajectories. Here, we find a member of the Onecut TF family, ONECUT3, expressed in postmitotic neurons that leave their Ascl1+/Onecut1/2+ proliferative domain in the vertebrate hypothalamus to instruct neuronal differentiation. We combined single-cell RNA-seq and gain-of-function experiments for gene network reconstruction to show that ONECUT3 affects the polarization and morphogenesis of both hypothalamic GABA-derived dopamine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)+ glutamate neurons through neuron navigator-2 (NAV2). In vivo, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ONECUT3 in neonatal mice reduced NAV2 mRNA, as well as neurite complexity in Onecut3-containing neurons, while genetic deletion of Onecut3/ceh-48 in C. elegans impaired neurocircuit wiring, and sensory discrimination-based behaviors. Thus, ONECUT3, conserved across neuronal subtypes and many species, underpins the polarization and morphological plasticity of phenotypically distinct neurons that descend from a common pool of Ascl1+ progenitors in the hypothalamus.}, author = {Zupančič, Maja and Keimpema, Erik and Tretiakov, Evgenii O. and Eder, Stephanie J. and Lev, Itamar and Englmaier, Lukas and Bhandari, Pradeep and Fietz, Simone A. and Härtig, Wolfgang and Renaux, Estelle and Villunger, Andreas and Hökfelt, Tomas and Zimmer, Manuel and Clotman, Frédéric and Harkany, Tibor}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Concerted transcriptional regulation of the morphogenesis of hypothalamic neurons by ONECUT3}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-024-52762-z}, volume = {15}, year = {2024}, } @article{18446, abstract = {How living systems achieve precision in form and function despite their intrinsic stochasticity is a fundamental yet ongoing question in biology. We generated morphomaps of preimplantation embryogenesis in mouse, rabbit, and monkey embryos, and these morphomaps revealed that although blastomere divisions desynchronized passively, 8-cell embryos converged toward robust three-dimensional shapes. Using topological analysis and genetic perturbations, we found that embryos progressively changed their cellular connectivity to a preferred topology, which could be predicted by a physical model in which actomyosin contractility and noise facilitate topological transitions, lowering surface energy. This mechanism favored regular embryo packing and promoted a higher number of inner cells in the 16-cell embryo. Synchronized division reduced embryo packing and generated substantially more misallocated cells and fewer inner-cell–mass cells. These findings suggest that stochasticity in division timing contributes to robust patterning.}, author = {Fabrèges, Dimitri and Corominas-Murtra, Bernat and Moghe, Prachiti and Kickuth, Alison and Ichikawa, Takafumi and Iwatani, Chizuru and Tsukiyama, Tomoyuki and Daniel, Nathalie and Gering, Julie and Stokkermans, Anniek and Wolny, Adrian and Kreshuk, Anna and Duranthon, Véronique and Uhlman, Virginie and Hannezo, Edouard B and Hiiragi, Takashi}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6718}, publisher = {AAAS}, title = {{Temporal variability and cell mechanics control robustness in mammalian embryogenesis}}, doi = {10.1126/science.adh1145}, volume = {386}, year = {2024}, } @inproceedings{18450, abstract = {In this work we present the engineering of a portable platform for sensing SERS signals in droplets microfluidics. This system comprised not only the read-out platform but also a design for the microfluidic devices optimized to enhanced the obtained SERS signals.}, author = {Quintero, Sergio and Relvas, Maria and Aranda, Marta and Nodal, Fernando and Dieguez, Lorena and Abalde-Cela, Sara}, booktitle = {2024 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics}, isbn = {9798350384925}, issn = {2160-5041}, location = {San Sebastian, Spain}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}, title = {{Portable Raman platform for SERS droplets microfludics}}, doi = {10.1109/OMN61224.2024.10685279}, year = {2024}, } @article{18451, abstract = {Inorganic nanoparticles can be assembled into superlattices with unique optical and magnetic properties arising from collective behavior. Protein cages can be utilized to guide this assembly by encapsulating nanoparticles and promoting their assembly into ordered structures. However, creating ordered multi-component structures with different protein cage types and sizes remains a challenge. Here, the co-crystallization of two different protein cages (cowpea chlorotic mottle virus and ferritin) characterized by opposing surface charges and unequal diameter is shown. Precise tuning of the electrostatic attraction between the cages enabled the preparation of binary crystals with dimensions up to several tens of micrometers. Additionally, binary metal nanoparticle superlattices are achieved by loading gold and iron oxide nanoparticles inside the cavities of the protein cages. The resulting structure adopts an AB2FCC configuration that also impacts the dipolar coupling between the particles and hence the optical properties of the crystals, providing key insight for the future preparation of plasmonic and magnetic nanoparticle metamaterials.}, author = {Zhou, Yu and Shaukat, Ahmed and Seitsonen, Jani and Rigoni, Carlo and Timonen, Jaakko V.I. and Kostiainen, Mauri A.}, issn = {2198-3844}, journal = {Advanced Science}, number = {45}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Protein cage directed assembly of binary nanoparticle superlattices}}, doi = {10.1002/advs.202408416}, volume = {11}, year = {2024}, } @article{18452, abstract = {Diffusion models have recently emerged as powerful tools for the generation of new molecular and material structures. The key insight is that the noise in these models is related to the response of the atoms to displacement, and the denoising step is thus analogous to the geometry relaxation of atomistic systems starting from a random structure. Building on this, we present a generative method called Response Matching (RM), which leverages the fact that each stable material or molecule exists at the minimum of its potential energy surface. Any perturbation induces a response in energy and stress, driving the structure back to equilibrium. Matching this response is closely related to score matching in diffusion models. Another important aspect of state-of-the-art diffusion models is the incorporation of physical symmetries such as translation, rotation, and periodicity. RM employs a machine learning interatomic potential and random structure search as the denoising model, inherently respecting these symmetries and exploiting the locality of atomic interactions. RM handles both molecules and bulk materials under the same framework. Its efficiency and generalization are demonstrated on three systems: a small organic molecular data set, stable crystals from the Materials Project, and one-shot learning on a single diamond configuration.}, author = {Cheng, Bingqing}, issn = {1549-9626}, journal = {Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation}, number = {20}, pages = {9259--9266}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Response matching for generating materials and molecules}}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00998}, volume = {20}, year = {2024}, } @article{18465, abstract = {The phytohormone auxin is polarly transported in plants by PIN-FORMED (PIN) transporters and controls virtually all growth and developmental processes. Canonical PINs possess a long, largely disordered cytosolic loop. Auxin transport by canonical PINs is activated by loop phosphorylation by certain kinases. The structure of the PIN transmembrane domains was recently determined, their transport properties remained poorly characterized, and the role of the loop in the transport process was unclear. Here, we determined the quantitative kinetic parameters of auxin transport mediated by Arabidopsis PINs to mathematically model auxin distribution in roots and to test these predictions in vivo. Using chimeras between transmembrane and loop domains of different PINs, we demonstrate a strong correlation between transport parameters and physiological output, indicating that the loop domain is not only required to activate PIN-mediated auxin transport, but it has an additional role in the transport process by a currently unknown mechanism.}, author = {Janacek, DP and Kolb, M and Schulz, L and Mergner, J and Kuster, B and Glanc, Matous and Friml, Jiří and Ten Tusscher, K and Schwechheimer, C and Hammes, UZ}, issn = {1878-1551}, journal = {Developmental Cell}, number = {14}, pages = {S1534--5807(24)00569--0}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Transport properties of canonical PIN-FORMED proteins from Arabidopsis and the role of the loop domain in auxin transport}}, doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2024.09.020}, volume = {59}, year = {2024}, } @article{18479, abstract = {The dominance of beneficial mutations is a key evolutionary parameter affecting the rate and genetic basis of adaptation, yet it is notoriously difficult to estimate. A leading method to infer it is to compare the relative rates of adaptive substitution for X-linked and autosomal genes, which—according to a classic model by Charlesworth et al. (1987)—is a simple function of the dominance of new beneficial mutations. Recent evidence that rates of adaptive substitution are faster for X-linked genes implies, accordingly, that beneficial mutations are usually recessive. However, this conclusion is incompatible with leading theories of dominance, which predict that beneficial mutations tend to be dominant or overdominant with respect to fitness. To address this incompatibility, we use Fisher’s geometric model to predict the distribution of fitness effects of new mutations and the relative rates of positively selected substitution on the X and autosomes. Previous predictions of faster-X theory emerge as a special case of our model in which the phenotypic effects of mutations are small relative to the distance to the phenotypic optimum. But as mutational effects become large relative to the optimum, we observe an elevated tempo of positively selected substitutions on the X relative to the autosomes across a broader range of dominance conditions, including those predicted by theories of dominance. Our results imply that, contrary to previous models, dominant and overdominant beneficial mutations can plausibly generate patterns of faster-X adaptation. We discuss resulting implications for genomic studies of adaptation and inferences of dominance.}, author = {Mcdonough, Yasmine and Ruzicka, Filip and Connallon, Tim}, issn = {1091-6490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {44}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Reconciling theories of dominance with the relative rates of adaptive substitution on sex chromosomes and autosomes}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2406335121}, volume = {121}, year = {2024}, } @article{18480, abstract = {Caloric restriction (CR) can extend the organism life- and health-span by improving glucose homeostasis. How CR affects the structure-function of pancreatic beta cells remains unknown. We used single nucleus transcriptomics to show that CR increases the expression of genes for beta cell identity, protein processing, and organelle homeostasis. Gene regulatory network analysis reveal that CR activates transcription factors important for beta cell identity and homeostasis, while imaging metabolomics demonstrates that beta cells upon CR are more energetically competent. In fact, high-resolution microscopy show that CR reduces beta cell mitophagy to increase mitochondria mass and the potential for ATP generation. However, CR beta cells have impaired adaptive proliferation in response to high fat diet feeding. Finally, we show that long-term CR delays the onset of beta cell aging hallmarks and promotes cell longevity by reducing beta cell turnover. Therefore, CR could be a feasible approach to preserve compromised beta cell structure-function during aging and diabetes.}, author = {Dos Santos, Cristiane and Cambraia, Amanda and Shrestha, Shristi and Cutler, Melanie and Cottam, Matthew and Perkins, Guy and Lev-Ram, Varda and Roy, Birbickram and Acree, Christopher and Kim, Keun Young and Deerinck, Thomas and Dean, Danielle and Cartailler, Jean Philippe and Macdonald, Patrick E. and Hetzer, Martin W and Ellisman, Mark and Arrojo E Drigo, Rafael}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Calorie restriction increases insulin sensitivity to promote beta cell homeostasis and longevity in mice}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-024-53127-2}, volume = {15}, year = {2024}, } @article{18481, abstract = {A tight regulation of morphogen production is key for morphogen gradient formation and thereby for reproducible and organised organ development. Although many genetic interactions involved in the establishment of morphogen production domains are known, the biophysical mechanisms of morphogen source formation are poorly understood. Here we addressed this by focusing on the morphogen Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the vertebrate neural tube. Shh is produced by the adjacently located notochord and by the floor plate of the neural tube. Using a data-constrained computational screen, we identified different possible mechanisms by which floor plate formation can occur, only one of which is consistent with experimental data. In this mechanism, the floor plate is established rapidly in response to Shh from the notochord and the dynamics of regulatory interactions within the neural tube. In this process, uniform activators and Shh-dependent repressors are key for establishing the floor plate size. Subsequently, the floor plate becomes insensitive to Shh and increases in size due to tissue growth, leading to scaling of the floor plate with neural tube size. In turn, this results in scaling of the Shh amplitude with tissue growth. Thus, this mechanism ensures a separation of time scales in floor plate formation, so that the floor plate domain becomes growth-dependent after an initial rapid establishment phase. Our study raises the possibility that the time scale separation between specification and growth might be a common strategy for scaling the morphogen gradient amplitude in growing organs. The model that we developed provides a new opportunity for quantitative studies of morphogen source formation in growing tissues.}, author = {Ho, Richard D.J.G. and Kishi, Kasumi and Majka, Maciej and Kicheva, Anna and Zagórski, Marcin P}, issn = {1553-7358}, journal = {PLoS Computational Biology}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {{Dynamics of morphogen source formation in a growing tissue}}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012508}, volume = {20}, year = {2024}, } @article{18482, abstract = {This paper is dedicated to an optimization problem. Let A, B ⊂ Rn be compact convex sets. Consider the minimal number t0 > 0 such that t0B covers A after a shift to a vector x0 ∈ Rn. The goal is to find t0 and x0. In the special case of B being a unit ball centered at zero, x0 and t0 are known as the Chebyshev center and the Chebyshev radius of A. This paper focuses on the case in which A and B are defined with their black-box support functions. An algorithm for solving such problems efficiently is suggested. The algorithm has a superlinear convergence rate, and it can solve hundred-dimensional test problems in a reasonable time, but some additional conditions on A and B are required to guarantee the presence of convergence. Additionally, the behavior of the algorithm for a simple special case is investigated, which leads to a number of theoretical results. Perturbations of this special case are also studied.}, author = {Arkhipov, Pavel}, issn = {1608-3032}, journal = {Automation and Remote Control}, number = {6}, pages = {522--532}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{An algorithm for finding the generalized Chebyshev center of sets defined via their support functions}}, doi = {10.1134/S0005117924060031}, volume = {85}, year = {2024}, } @article{18483, abstract = {In this paper we prove a perturbative version of a remarkable Bialy–Mironov (Ann. Math. 196(1):389–413, 2022) result. They prove non perturbative Birkhoff conjecture for centrally-symmetric convex domains, namely, a centrally-symmetric convex domain with integrable billiard is ellipse. We combine techniques from Bialy–Mironov (Ann. Math. 196(1):389–413, 2022) with a local result by Kaloshin–Sorrentino (Ann. Math. 188(1):315–380, 2018) and show that a domain close enough to a centrally symmetric one with integrable billiard is ellipse. To combine these results we derive a slight extension of Bialy–Mironov (Ann. Math. 196(1):389–413, 2022) by proving that a notion of rational integrability is equivalent to the C0-integrability condition used in their paper.}, author = {Kaloshin, Vadim and Koudjinan, Edmond and Zhang, Ke}, issn = {1420-8970}, journal = {Geometric and Functional Analysis}, pages = {1973--2007}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Birkhoff conjecture for nearly centrally symmetric domains}}, doi = {10.1007/s00039-024-00695-6}, volume = {34}, year = {2024}, } @article{18488, abstract = {The advancement of quantum simulators motivates the development of a theoretical framework to assist with efficient state preparation in quantum many-body systems. Generally, preparing a target entangled state via unitary evolution with time-dependent couplings is a challenging task and very little is known about the existence of solutions and their properties. In this work we develop a constructive approach for preparing matrix product states (MPS) via continuous unitary evolution. We provide an explicit construction of the operator that exactly implements the evolution of a given MPS along a specified direction in its tangent space. This operator can be written as a sum of local terms of finite range, yet it is in general non-Hermitian. Relying on the explicit construction of the non-Hermitian generator of the dynamics, we demonstrate the existence of a Hermitian sequence of operators that implements the desired MPS evolution with an error that decreases exponentially with the operator range. The construction is benchmarked on an explicit periodic trajectory in a translationally invariant MPS manifold. We demonstrate that the Floquet unitary generating the dynamics over one period of the trajectory features an approximate MPS-like eigenstate embedded among a sea of thermalizing eigenstates. These results show that our construction is not only useful for state preparation and control of many-body systems, but also provides a generic route towards Floquet scars—periodically driven models with quasilocal generators of dynamics that have exact MPS eigenstates in their spectrum.}, author = {Ljubotina, Marko and Petrova, Elena and Schuch, Norbert and Serbyn, Maksym}, issn = {2691-3399}, journal = {PRX Quantum}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Tangent space generators of matrix product states and exact floquet quantum scars}}, doi = {10.1103/prxquantum.5.040311}, volume = {5}, year = {2024}, }