@article{21930, abstract = {We present the discovery of extreme nitrogen enrichment by Wolf Rayet nitrogen (WN) stars in the metal-poor (∼10%Z⊙), lensed, compact (Reff ∼ 20 pc) galaxy RXCJ2248 at z = 6.1, revealed by unprecedentedly deep JWST/NIRSpec medium-resolution spectroscopy from the GLIMPSE-D Survey. The exquisite signal-to-noise ratio reveals multiple high-ionization nebular lines and broad Balmer and [O III] components (FWHM ∼700–3000 km s −1 ). We detect broadened He II λ1640 and λ4687 (FWHM ∼ 530 km s −1 ) and strong N III λ4642 emission consistent with a population of WN stars, making RXCJ2248 the most distant galaxy with confirmed Wolf Rayet (WR) features to date. We measure the multiphase nebular density across five ions, the direct-method metallicity ( 12 + log(O/H) = 7.753 ± 0.025 ), and a nonuniform elemental enrichment pattern of extreme N/O enhancement ( log(N/O) = 0.391 ± 0.037 from N+, N+2 , and N+3 ) but suppressed C/O relative to empirical C/N trends. We show that this abundance pattern can be explained by enrichment from a dual-burst with a low WR carbon/WN ratio, as expected at low metallicities. Crucially, these signatures can only arise during a brief, rare evolutionary window shortly after a burst (∼3–6 Myr), when WN stars dominate chemical feedback but before dilution by later yields (e.g., supernovae). The observed frequency of strong N emitters at high−z implies a ∼50 Myr burst duty cycle, suggesting that N/O outliers may represent a brief but ubiquitous phase in the evolution of highly star-forming early galaxies. The WN detection in RXCJ2248, therefore, provides the first direct evidence of WR-driven nitrogen enrichment in the first billion years of the Universe and a novel timing argument for the bursty star formation cycles that shaped galaxies at cosmic dawn.}, author = {Berg, Danielle A. and Naidu, Rohan P. and Chisholm, John and Atek, Hakim and Fujimoto, Seiji and Kokorev, Vasily and Furtak, Lukas J. and Kobayashi, Chiaki and Schaerer, Daniel and Adamo, Angela and Fei, Qinyue and Korber, Damien and Matthee, Jorryt J and Marques-Chaves, Rui and Martinez, Zorayda and Mcquinn, Kristen B.W. and Muñoz, Julian B. and Oesch, Pascal A. and Saldana-Lopez, Alberto and Stark, Daniel P. and Stephenson, Mabel G. and Hsiao, Tiger Yu Yang}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{A fleeting GLIMPSE of N/O enrichment at cosmic dawn: Evidence for Wolf Rayet N stars in a z = 6.1 galaxy}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ae5e4c}, volume = {1003}, year = {2026}, } @inproceedings{21932, abstract = {We present LLMQ, an end-to-end CUDA/C++ implementation for medium-sized language-model training, e.g. 3B to 32B parameters, on affordable, commodity GPUs. These devices are characterized by low memory availability and slow communication compared to datacentre-grade GPUs. Consequently, we showcase a range of optimizations that target these bottlenecks, including activation checkpointing, offloading, and copy-engine based collectives. LLMQ is able to train or fine-tune a 7B model on a single 16GB mid-range gaming card, or a 32B model on a workstation equipped with 4 RTX 4090s. This is achieved while executing a standard 8-bit training pipeline, without additional algorithmic approximations, and maintaining FLOP utilization of around 50%. The efficiency of LLMQ rivals that of production-scale systems on much more expensive cloud-grade GPUs.}, author = {Schultheis, Erik and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian}, booktitle = {2nd Conference on Parsimony and Learning}, issn = {2640-3498}, location = {Stanford, CA, United States}, pages = {265--284}, publisher = {ML Research Press}, title = {{LLMQ: Efficient lower-precision LLM training for consumer GPUs}}, volume = {328}, year = {2026}, } @article{21933, abstract = {We consider the liquid drop model with a positive background density in the thermodynamic limit. We prove a two-term asymptotics for the ground state energy per unit volume in the dilute limit. Our proof justifies the expectation that optimal configurations consist of droplets of unit size that arrange themselves according to minimizers for the Jellium problem for point particles. In particular, we provide the first rigorous derivation of what is known as the gnocchi phase in astrophysics.}, author = {Frank, Rupert L. and Lewin, Mathieu and Seiringer, Robert}, issn = {1097-0312}, journal = {Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Liquid drop model for nuclear matter in the low density limit}}, doi = {10.1002/cpa.70039}, year = {2026}, } @article{21934, abstract = {An accurate characterisation of the physical properties of galaxies at cosmic dawn is key to understanding the origin of the high abundance of UV-bright galaxies at z≳10. We exploit deep (9.1-hour exposure time) NIRSpec PRISM observations of GHZ2 to constrain the sources of ionising radiation and the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) in this bright, compact, and highly ionising galaxy at z=12.3. We measure with high significance the prominent N IV, C IV, He II, O III, C III, O II, and Ne III emission features previously detected in shallower observations, and confirm the detection of the N III] λ1750 multiplet, yielding tight constraints on the N/O ratio, which is found to be ≃2 times the solar value. We also detect the Mg II λ2800, [Fe IV] λ2833 and Si II λ1812 doublets, the H8+HeI λλ3889 blend, and the Si IV+O IV] λλ1400 absorption complex. The O III λ3133 fluorescence line is only detected in the first observing epoch, implying variability on a rest-frame time span of 19 days, strongly suggesting the presence of an active nucleus. Combining the NIRSpec dataset with available optical and far-infrared constraints from MIRI and ALMA, we show that the emission spectrum of GHZ2 cannot be reproduced by single-density spectro-photometric models, even under extreme assumptions on the ionisation parameter and electron density. Multi-zone photoionisation modelling performed with the HOMERUN code demonstrates that star formation must be occurring in a strongly stratified ISM, where both low-/intermediate-density gas and high-density regions (log(ne/cm−3 ) ≳ 4) coexist. The GHZ2 emission landscape is consistent with either a composite star-formation plus AGN scenario, or with star formation occurring in a combination of radiation- and matter-bounded regions. Purely radiation-bounded stellar models fail to reproduce the observed He II emission, making an additional hard ionising component unavoidable.}, author = {Castellano, M. and Napolitano, L. and Moreschini, B. and Calabrò, A. and Christensen, L. and Llerena, M. and Bakx, T. J.L.C. and Belfiore, F. and Bevacqua, D. and Dickinson, M. and Fontana, A. and Gandolfi, G. and Gasparetto, T. and Marconi, A. and Mascia, Sara and Merlin, E. and Morishita, T. and Nanayakkara, T. and Paris, D. and Pentericci, L. and Pérez-Díaz, B. and Roberts-Borsani, G. and Rojas-Ruiz, S. and Santini, P. and Treu, T. and Vanzella, E. and Vulcani, B. and Wang, X. and Yoon, I. and Zavala, J.}, issn = {2565-6120}, journal = {The Open Journal of Astrophysics}, publisher = {Maynooth Academic Publishing}, title = {{Investigating ionising sources and the complex interstellar medium of GHZ2 at z=12.3}}, doi = {10.33232/001c.160281}, volume = {9}, year = {2026}, } @inproceedings{21949, abstract = {Cardiac T1 mapping provides critical quantitative insights into myocardial tissue composition, enabling the assessment of pathologies such as fibrosis, inflammation, and edema. However, the inherently dynamic nature of the heart imposes strict limits on acquisition times, making high-resolution T1 mapping a persistent challenge. Compressed sensing (CS) approaches have reduced scan durations by undersampling k-space and reconstructing images from partial data, and recent studies show that jointly optimizing the undersampling patterns with the reconstruction network can substantially improve performance. Still, most current T1 mapping pipelines rely on static, hand-crafted masks that do not exploit the full acceleration and accuracy potential. Furthermore, most existing methods do not levarage the physical T1 decay model in optimization. In this work, we introduce T1- PILOT: an end-to-end method that explicitly incorporates the T1 signal relaxation model into the sampling–reconstruction framework to guide the learning of non-Cartesian trajectories, cross-frame alignment, and T1 decay estimation. Through extensive experiments on the CMRxRecon dataset, T1-PILOT significantly outperforms several baseline strategies (including learned single-mask and fixed radial or golden-angle sampling schemes), achieving higher T1 map fidelity at greater acceleration factors. In particular, we observe consistent gains in PSNR and VIF relative to existing methods, along with marked improvements in delineating finer myocardial structures. Our results highlight that optimizing sampling trajectories in tandem with the physical relaxation model leads to both enhanced quantitative accuracy and reduced acquisition times. Code for reproducing all experiments and results is available at https://github.com/tamirshor7/T1-PILOT}, author = {Shor, Tamir and Freiman, Moti and Baskin, Chaim and Bronstein, Alexander}, booktitle = {Medical Imaging with Deep Learning}, issn = {2640-3498}, keywords = {Cardiac T1 Mapping, Trajectory Optimization and Reconstruction, PhysicsInformed Deep-Learning}, location = {Taipei, Taiwan}, pages = {1969--1982}, publisher = {ML Research Press}, title = {{T1-PILOT: Physics-informed learned optimized trajectories for T1 mapping acceleration}}, volume = {315}, year = {2026}, } @article{21951, abstract = {The central engines of Little Red Dots (LRDs) may be “black hole stars” (BH*s), early stages of black hole growth characterized by dense gas envelopes. So far, the most direct evidence for BH*s comes from a handful of sources where the host galaxy is completely outshone as suggested by their remarkably steep Balmer breaks. Here we present a novel scheme to disentangle BH*s from their host galaxies assuming that the [O III]5008˚A line arises exclusively from the host. Using a sample of 98 LRDs (z ≈ 2 − 9) with high quality NIRSpec/PRISM spectra, we demonstrate that the hostsubtracted median stack displays a Balmer break > 2× stronger than massive quiescent galaxies, with the rest-optical continuum resembling a blackbody-like SED (Teff ≈ 4050 K, log(Lbol) ≈ 43.9 erg s−1 , Reff ≈ 1300 au). We measure a steep Balmer decrement (Hα/Hβ > 10) and numerous density-sensitive features (e.g., Fe II, He I, O I). These are hallmark signatures of dense gas envelopes, providing population-level evidence that BH*s indeed power LRDs. In the median LRD, BH*s account for ∼ 20% of the UV emission, ∼ 50% at the Balmer break, and ∼ 90% at wavelengths longer than Hα with the remainder arising from the host. BH*s preferentially reside in low-mass galaxies (M⋆ ≈ 108 M⊙) undergoing recent starbursts, as evidenced by extreme emission line EWs (e.g., [O III]5008˚A≈ 1100˚A, C III]≈ 12˚A), thereby favoring BH* origins linked to star-formation. We show V-shaped LRD selections are biased to high BH*/host fractions (≳ 60% at 5500˚A) – less dominant BH*s may be powering JWST’s blue broad-line AGN. We find BH*s are so commonplace and transient (duty cycle ∼ 1%, lifetime ∼ 10 Myrs) that every massive black hole may have once shone as a BH*. }, author = {Sun, Wendy Q. and Naidu, Rohan P. and Matthee, Jorryt J and De Graaff, Anna and Chisholm, John and Greene, Jenny E. and Oesch, Pascal A. and Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto and Hviding, Raphael E. and Brammer, Gabriel and Simcoe, Robert A. and Bose, Sownak and Bouwens, Rychard and Dayal, Pratika and Eilers, Anna Christina and Fei, Qinyue and Furtak, Lukas J. and Gottumukkala, Rashmi and Goulding, Andy and Heintz, Kasper E. and Hirschmann, Michaela and Kokorev, Vasily and Leja, Joel and Liu, Zhaoran and Natarajan, Priyamvada and Santarelli, Andrew D. and Setton, David J. and Smith, Aaron and Tacchella, Sandro and Volonteri, Marta and Walter, Fabian and Weibel, Andrea and Williams, Christina C.}, issn = {2565-6120}, journal = {The Open Journal of Astrophysics}, publisher = {Maynooth Academic Publishing}, title = {{Little Red Dot - Host Galaxy = Black Hole Star: A gas-enshrouded heart at the center of every Little Red Dot}}, doi = {10.33232/001c.162505}, volume = {9}, year = {2026}, } @article{21953, abstract = {Several Streptomyces strains were isolated from freshwater sediments collected in the Laxenburg ponds (Lower Austria). Genome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses revealed biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that may specify production of chemically diverse secondary metabolites. Various culture conditions were employed to induce metabolite production, and subsequent LC-MS analyses facilitated the identification of the produced compounds and their correlation with the corresponding BGCs. These analyses of sediment-derived Streptomyces spp. highlight their extensive biosynthetic potential, revealing a diverse range of bioactive secondary metabolites, including siderophores, antibiotics, and other compounds with potential therapeutic applications. Genomes of two Streptomyces isolates, one of them representing a potentially new species, harbored several uncharacterized BGCs that may specify biosynthesis of novel secondary metabolites. Although targeted overexpression of pathway-specific regulators from these BGCs did not yield additional metabolites, whereas knockout experiments led to metabolic changes, presumably reflecting regulatory or compensatory interactions between multiple biosynthetic pathways. Continued exploration of these strains and their BGCs may lead to the discovery of new bioactive molecules with pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.}, author = {Tocino-Márquez, Inmaculada and Zehl, Martin and Batajic, Jovana and Séneca, Joana and Pjevac, Petra and Murillo-Alba, José and Martín, Jesús and Sekurova, Olga N. and Zotchev, Sergey B.}, issn = {1664-302X}, journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, title = {{Unveiling the genomes and secondary metabolomes of Streptomyces spp. from freshwater sediments}}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2026.1793713}, volume = {17}, year = {2026}, } @article{21954, abstract = {We investigate a framework for train-free MRI segmentation based on Topological Data Analysis. The pipeline proceeds in three steps, first identifying the whole object to segment via automatic thresholding, then detecting a distinctive subset whose topology is known in advance, and finally deducing the various components of the segmentation. A key ingredient is the extraction of approximate representative cycles from persistence diagrams, which provides an interpretable link between persistent features and anatomical components. To clarify the method’s scope, we make the underlying topological and intensity assumptions explicit, quantify when they hold on real data, and analyze typical failure modes. We evaluate the approach on glioblastoma and on fetal cortical plate segmentation, with comparisons to unsupervised and deep-learning references. By operating without large annotated datasets, the method is well suited to scarce-data settings and provides an interpretable baseline and practical initialization for expert refinement or learning-based pipelines.}, author = {François, Anton and Tinarrage, Raphaël}, issn = {1573-7683}, journal = {Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Train-free segmentation in MRI with cubical persistent homology}}, doi = {10.1007/s10851-026-01300-1}, volume = {68}, year = {2026}, } @unpublished{21962, abstract = {The generation of faithful cell-type diversity and correct projection neuron numbers is essential for cerebral cortex development. Corticogenesis is however susceptible to genetic interference of critical signaling pathways, including mutations in Mtor/Rptor that lead to microcephaly. How the loss of Rptor/mTORC1 function affects cortical developmental programs, at single cell level, is still unknown. Here, we utilized Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM) technology to probe Rptor gene function upon sparse single cell- or global tissue-wide ablation. We found that tissue-wide effects drive the etiology of cortical microcephaly upon loss of Rptor, rather than deficits in projection neuron genesis. Conversely, Rptor function is cell-autonomously required for postnatal projection neuron survival in a highly cell-type-specific manner. Collectively, our results suggest that the fine balance of precise cell-type-specific cell-autonomous Rptor/mTORC1 function in concert with non-cell-autonomous tissue-wide effects is essential for the development of a properly-sized cerebral cortex with accurate projection neuron diversity.}, author = {Villalba Requena, Ana and Beattie, Robert J and Pauler, Florian and Streicher, Carmen and Miranda, Osvaldo and Krausgruber, Thomas and Senekowitsch, Martin and Farlik, Matthias and Bock, Christoph and Rülicke, Thomas and Hippenmeyer, Simon}, booktitle = {bioRxiv}, title = {{Mtor/Rptor function globally prevents cortical microcephaly and cell-autonomously promotes postnatal neuron survival in cell type specific manner}}, doi = {10.64898/2026.05.01.722172}, year = {2026}, } @unpublished{21963, abstract = {The cerebral cortex consists of immense numbers of neuronal and glial cell-types derived from radial glial progenitor (RGP) cells. How RGPs generate appropriate quantities of distinct cortical cell-types to safeguard a brain of correct size, is not well understood. However, genetic aberration in human, including mutations in PTEN, lead to cortical malformation such as macrocephaly, albeit with unknown etiology. Here we utilized Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM)-based clonal analysis and single cell phenotyping to decipher the role of Pten in neurogenic and gliogenic RGP lineage progression during cortical ontogeny. While neurogenic RGP lineage progression and projection neuron production was moderately altered in the absence of Pten, cortical astrocyte production was drastically increased. Through genetic epistasis experiments we show that the loss of Pten uncouples astrocyte generation from essential growth factor signaling hubs, funneling into MAPK. Collectively, our results suggest that Pten regulates RGP lineage progression with distinct sequential functions in cortical projection neurogenesis and astrocyte production to ensure the emergence of a correctly-sized cerebral cortex.}, author = {Miranda, Osvaldo and Contreras, Ximena and Pauler, Florian and Davaatseren, Amarbayasgalan and Amberg, Nicole and Streicher, Carmen and Villalba Requena, Ana and Heger, Anna-Magdalena and Marie, Corentine and Hassan, Bassem A. and Rülicke, Thomas and Hippenmeyer, Simon}, booktitle = {bioRxiv}, title = {{Pten orchestrates neurogenic radial glia lineage progression and tunes neocortical astrocyte production}}, doi = {10.64898/2026.05.01.722191}, year = {2026}, } @misc{21971, abstract = {A Rust library for analyzing dendritic structures using quadric matrices. This project provides efficient tools for representing dendritic trees, computing quadric error metrics, and visualizing eigenvalue distributions on hexagonal plots. This library implements quadric-based geometric analysis of dendritic structures, commonly found in neuroscience applications. Key features include: Tree data structures: Hierarchical vertex and edge representations for dendritic trees Quadric matrices: Computation of quadric error metrics for edges and vertices Visualisation: Hexagonal plot generation using NormPolar transformations Interactive tools: Desktop application with plotting capabilities}, author = {Bleile, Yossi and Cortinovis, Emanuele}, keywords = {quadratics, mathematics, dendrites, geometry, topology}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Quadrix}}, doi = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-21971}, year = {2026}, } @article{21981, abstract = {For Hamiltonian actions of semidirect products G = FxH, we study 2-cocycles arising from residual Hamiltonian actions of F on Hamiltonian reductions for H. The motivation comes from the study of Teichmüller spaces for surfaces with boundary, which carry Hamiltonian actions of the Virasoro algebra. In this paper, we give a general setup for the problem, and we suggest an easier way to obtain the Gelfand-Fuchs 2-cocycles for Hamiltonian actions on Teichmüller spaces.}, author = {Goncharov, Viacheslav}, issn = {1879-1662}, journal = {Journal of Geometry and Physics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{An easier way to compute 2-cocycles coming from a reduction for semidirect products}}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomphys.2026.105878}, volume = {227}, year = {2026}, } @article{20328, abstract = {We consider the standard overlap (math formular) of any bi-orthogonal family of left and right eigenvectors of a large random matrix X with centred i.i.d. entries and we prove that it decays as an inverse second power of the distance between the corresponding eigenvalues. This extends similar results for the complex Gaussian ensemble from Bourgade and Dubach [15], as well as Benaych-Georges and Zeitouni [13], to any i.i.d. matrix ensemble in both symmetry classes. As a main tool, we prove a two-resolvent local law for the Hermitisation of X uniformly in the spectrum with optimal decay rate and optimal dependence on the density near the spectral edge.}, author = {Cipolloni, Giorgio and Erdös, László and Xu, Yuanyuan}, issn = {0022-1236}, journal = {Journal of Functional Analysis}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Optimal decay of eigenvector overlap for non-Hermitian random matrices}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jfa.2025.111180}, volume = {290}, year = {2026}, } @article{20422, abstract = {We show that if n is odd and p>=Clog n/n, then with high probability Hamilton cycles in G(n,p) span its cycle space. More generally, we show this holds for a class of graphs satisfying certain natural pseudorandom properties. The proof is based on a novel idea of parity-switchers, which can be thought of as analogues of absorbers in the context of cycle spaces. As another application of our method, we show that Hamilton cycles in a near-Dirac graph G, that is, a graph G with odd n vertices and minimum degree n/2+C for sufficiently large constant C, span its cycle space. }, author = {Christoph, Micha and Nenadov, Rajko and Petrova, Kalina H}, issn = {1096-0902}, journal = {Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series B}, pages = {254--267}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{The Hamilton space of pseudorandom graphs}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jctb.2025.09.002}, volume = {176}, year = {2026}, } @article{20456, abstract = {Given a locally finite set A⊆Rd and a coloring χ:A→{0,1,…,s}, we introduce the chromatic Delaunay mosaic of χ, which is a Delaunay mosaic in Rs+d that represents how points of different colors mingle. Our main results are bounds on the size of the chromatic Delaunay mosaic, in which we assume that d and s are constants. For example, if A is finite with n=#A, and the coloring is random, then the chromatic Delaunay mosaic has O(n⌈d/2⌉) cells in expectation. In contrast, for Delone sets and Poisson point processes in Rd, the expected number of cells within a closed ball is only a constant times the number of points in this ball. Furthermore, in R2 all colorings of a dense set of n points have chromatic Delaunay mosaics of size O(n). This encourages the use of chromatic Delaunay mosaics in applications.}, author = {Biswas, Ranita and Cultrera di Montesano, Sebastiano and Draganov, Ondrej and Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Saghafian, Morteza}, issn = {1432-0444}, journal = {Discrete and Computational Geometry}, pages = {24--47}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{On the size of chromatic Delaunay mosaics}}, doi = {10.1007/s00454-025-00778-7}, volume = {75}, year = {2026}, } @article{20482, abstract = {In his study of graph codes, Alon introduced the concept of the odd-Ramsey number of a family of graphs H in Kn, defined as the minimum number of colours needed to colour the edges of K so that every copy of a graph H E H intersects some colour class in an odd number of edges. In this paper, we focus on complete bipartite graphs. First, we completely resolve the problem when H is the family of all spanning complete bipartite graphs on n vertices. We then focus on its subfamilies, that is, {Kt,n-t : t E T} for a fixed set of integers T c [[n/2]]. We prove that the odd-Ramsey problem is equivalent to determining the maximum dimension of a linear binary code avoiding codewords of given weights, and leverage known results from coding theory to deduce asymptotically tight bounds in our setting. We conclude with bounds for the odd-Ramsey numbers of fixed (that is, non-spanning) complete bipartite subgraphs.}, author = {Boyadzhiyska, Simona and Das, Shagnik and Lesgourgues, Thomas and Petrova, Kalina H}, issn = {0195-6698}, journal = {European Journal of Combinatorics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Odd-Ramsey numbers of complete bipartite graphs}}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejc.2025.104235}, volume = {131}, year = {2026}, } @inproceedings{22103, abstract = {Modern AI systems increasingly rely on opaque, highly complex models whose inner workings remain inaccessible even to experts. This opacity creates challenges for trust, accountability, and compliance with emerging regulatory expectations such as the “right to an explanation”. While traditional explainability methods—feature attributions, counterfactuals, surrogate models—and interpretable model classes provide valuable insights for engineers, they often fall short of delivering the contextual, conversational explanations that real users expect. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising new avenue for explanation due to their ability to engage interactively, adapt to user needs, and translate technical outputs into more accessible reasoning. However, their tendencies toward hallucination, conflict avoidance, and oversimplification introduce serious risks when used as explanatory agents. This paper analyzes these opportunities and limitations, examines verification strategies for ensuring explanation fidelity, and situates LLM-generated explanations within broader concerns about public trust. The paper concludes by outlining best practices and future research directions for building robust, verifiable, and human-aligned explanation systems.}, author = {Cano Cordoba, Filip}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence}, isbn = {9789897587962}, issn = {2184-433X}, keywords = {Explainable AI, Large Language Models, Trust in AI}, location = {Marbella, Spain}, pages = {4689--4696}, publisher = {Science and Technology Publications}, title = {{Explaining decisions one conversation at a time: Opportunities and risks of LLMs as explainability assistants}}, doi = {10.5220/0014483200004052}, volume = {5}, year = {2026}, } @article{22116, abstract = {Magnets with isotropic easy-plane symmetry host Goldstone modes that can be leveraged for efficient spin transport. Here, we present a time-resolved optical polarimetry technique that allows us to detect and characterize such low-frequency modes, and use it to observe the Goldstone mode in the multi-Q broken helix phase of EuIn2As2. The strength of our technique comes from the ability to distinguish between nematic and magnetization dynamics in order to yield information about the mode structure, in addition to its frequency. We find that the nearly uniform spin precession characteristic of a Goldstone mode is realized only when a small magnetic field is used to unpin the broken helix from local strain generated during crystal growth. In this regime, the mode frequency scales linearly with the applied field due to the ground state C2z symmetry of the broken helix. Our work shows how optical polarimetry can be used to study the Goldstone modes of complex magnets.}, author = {Liebman-Peláez, A. and Garratt, S. J. and Sunko, Veronika and Sun, Y. and Soh, J. R. and Prabhakaran, D. and Boothroyd, A. T. and Orenstein, J.}, issn = {2469-9969}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {22}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Observation of a Goldstone mode in the broken helix by time-resolved optical polarimetry}}, doi = {10.1103/b48p-kw5l}, volume = {113}, year = {2026}, } @article{21437, abstract = {Altermagnets are a class of collinear magnets that exhibit non-relativistic spin splitting (NRSS) of electronic bands in the absence of net magnetization. Their potential to generate large spin polarization without spin-orbit coupling has created strong interest in probes that access the underlying order parameter directly. In this Perspective, we show that linear magneto-birefringence (LMB) provides a natural and broadly applicable route to detecting altermagnetic order. Building on the correspondence between the momentum-space structure of NRSS and the ferroic ordering of magnetic multipoles in real space, we demonstrate how $d$-wave and $g$-wave NRSS textures yield distinct LMB responses. We present a symmetry-based framework that identifies the optical geometries and field configurations required to isolate specific multipole components, enabling domain imaging and providing benchmarks for theoretical models of LMB.}, author = {Sunko, Veronika and Orenstein, J.}, issn = {2397-4648}, journal = {npj Quantum Materials}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Linear magneto-birefringence as a probe of altermagnetism}}, doi = {10.1038/s41535-026-00901-8}, year = {2026}, } @article{22145, abstract = {An in-operando electro-intercalation method for the on-chip synthesis of alkali-metal-intercalated materials and their Raman spectroscopic and transport characterization in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) is developed. We apply this method to synthesize fulleride superconductors via Rb+ intercalation into a C60 film. During the intercalation, we monitor the stoichiometry via UHV-Raman spectroscopy and probe superconductivity via transport measurements. An increase of the superconducting transition temperature from 7.0 K to 14.5 K is observed when the stoichiometry is tuned from Rb2.7C60 to Rb3C60. In our experiment, an ionic Rb+ flux into the host material is induced by an applied electronic current via a Butler–Volmer-type mechanism. Electro-intercalation captivates through improved stoichiometric precision, the ability to smoothly vary stoichiometry via duration of current application, and the absence of a lower limit of the volume of the host material. It represents a powerful concept for the on-chip synthesis of intercalated materials, battery research, and beyond.}, author = {Shchukin, Konstantin P. and Gallego Lacey, Oliver N. and Coquinot, Baptiste and Jakowski, Jacek and Huang, Jingsong and Staudenmayer, Patrik and Falke, Yannic and Pandeya, Ram Prakash and Grüneis, Alexander}, issn = {1936-086X}, journal = {ACS Nano}, keywords = {fulleride, intercalation, alkali metal, superconductivity, Raman}, number = {24}, pages = {17360--17372}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{On-chip tuning of superconductivity in fullerides via current-driven Rb+ intercalation}}, doi = {10.1021/acsnano.6c02466}, volume = {20}, year = {2026}, }