@article{22219,
  abstract     = {Bicontinuous microstructures are essential to the function of diverse natural and synthetic systems. Their synthesis has been based on two approaches: arrested phase separation or self-assembly of block copolymers. The former is attractive for its chemical simplicity and the latter, for its thermodynamic robustness. Here we introduce elastic microphase separation (EMPS) as an alternative approach to make bicontinuous microstructures. Conceptually, EMPS balances the molecular-scale forces that drive demixing with large-scale elasticity to encode a thermodynamic length scale. This process features a continuous phase transition, reversible without hysteresis. Practically, EMPS is triggered by simply supersaturating an elastomeric matrix with a liquid, resulting in uniform bicontinuous materials with a well-defined microscopic length scale tuned by the matrix stiffness. The versatility of EMPS is further demonstrated by fabricating bicontinuous materials with superior mechanical properties and controlled anisotropy and microstructural gradients. Overall, EMPS presents a robust alternative for the bulk fabrication of homogeneous bicontinuous materials.},
  author       = {Fernández-Rico, Carla and Schreiber, Sanjay and Oudich, Hamza and Lorenz, Charlotta and Sicher, Alba and Sai, Tianqi and Bauernfeind, Viola and Heyden, Stefanie and Carrara, Pietro and Lorenzis, Laura De and Style, Robert W. and Dufresne, Eric R.},
  issn         = {1476-4660},
  journal      = {Nature Materials},
  pages        = {124--130},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Elastic microphase separation produces robust bicontinuous materials}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41563-023-01703-0},
  volume       = {23},
  year         = {2024},
}

@unpublished{19425,
  abstract     = {We demonstrate that periodically driven quantum rotors provide a promising and broadly applicable platform to implement multi-gap topological phases, where groups of bands can acquire topological invariants due to non-Abelian braiding of band degeneracies. By adiabatically varying the periodic kicks to the rotor we find nodal-line braiding, which causes sign flips of topological charges of band nodes and can prevent them from annihilating, indicated by non-zero values of the %non-Abelian patch Euler class. In particular, we report
on the emergence of an anomalous Dirac string phase arising in the strongly driven regime, a truly out-of-equilibrium phase of the quantum rotor. This phase emanates from braiding processes involving all (quasienergy) gaps and manifests itself with edge states at zero angular momentum. Our results reveal direct applications in state-of-the-art experiments of quantum rotors, such as linear molecules driven by periodic far-off-resonant laser pulses or artificial
quantum rotors in optical lattices, whose extensive versatility offers precise modification and observation of novel non-Abelian topological properties. },
  author       = {Karle, Volker and Lemeshko, Mikhail and Bouhon, Adrien and Slager, Robert-Jan and Ünal, F. Nur},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  title        = {{Anomalous multi-gap topological phases in periodically driven quantum  rotors}},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2408.16848},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{19051,
  abstract     = {This paper corrects an error in an earlier work of the author.},
  author       = {Browning, Timothy D},
  issn         = {1687-0247},
  journal      = {International Mathematics Research Notices},
  number       = {13},
  pages        = {10165--10168},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{The polynomial sieve and equal sums of like polynomials}},
  doi          = {10.1093/imrn/rnae066},
  volume       = {2024},
  year         = {2024},
}

@unpublished{20071,
  abstract     = {Farkas established that a system of linear inequalities has a solution if and only if we cannot obtain a contradiction by taking a linear combination of the inequalities. We state and formally prove several Farkas-like theorems over linearly ordered fields in Lean 4. Furthermore, we extend duality theory to the case when some coefficients are allowed to take "infinite values".},
  author       = {Dvorak, Martin and Kolmogorov, Vladimir},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  keywords     = {Farkas lemma, linear programming, extended reals, calculus of inductive constructions},
  title        = {{Duality theory in linear optimization and its extensions -- formally  verified}},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2409.08119},
  year         = {2024},
}

@unpublished{19545,
  abstract     = {We prove the Eigenstate Thermalisation Hypothesis for Wigner matrices
uniformly in the entire spectrum, in particular near the spectral edges, with a
bound on the fluctuation that is optimal for any observable. This complements
earlier works of Cipolloni et. al. (Comm. Math. Phys. 388, 2021; Forum Math.,
Sigma 10, 2022) and Benigni et. al. (Comm. Math. Phys. 391, 2022; arXiv:
2303.11142) that were restricted either to the bulk of the spectrum or to
special observables. As a main ingredient, we prove a new multi-resolvent local
law that optimally accounts for the edge scaling.},
  author       = {Cipolloni, Giorgio and Erdös, László and Henheik, Sven Joscha},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  title        = {{Eigenstate thermalisation at the edge for Wigner matrices}},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2309.05488},
  year         = {2024},
}

@unpublished{19550,
  abstract     = {We introduce a multi-band BCS free energy functional and prove that for a
multi-band superconductor the effect of inter-band coupling can only increase
the critical temperature, irrespective of its attractive or repulsive nature
and its strength. Further, for weak coupling and weaker inter-band coupling, we
prove that the dependence of the increase in critical temperature on the
inter-band coupling is (1) linear, if there are two or more equally strongly
superconducting bands, or (2) quadratic, if there is only one dominating band.},
  author       = {Henheik, Sven Joscha and Langmann, Edwin and Lauritsen, Asbjørn Bækgaard},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  title        = {{Multi-band superconductors have enhanced critical temperatures}},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2409.17297},
  year         = {2024},
}

@unpublished{19547,
  abstract     = {For correlated real symmetric or complex Hermitian random matrices, we prove
that the local eigenvalue statistics at any cusp singularity are universal.
Since the density of states typically exhibits only square root edge or cubic
root cusp singularities, our result completes the proof of the
Wigner-Dyson-Mehta universality conjecture in all spectral regimes for a very
general class of random matrices. Previously only the bulk and the edge
universality were established in this generality [arXiv:1804.07744], while cusp
universality was proven only for Wigner-type matrices with independent entries
[arXiv:1809.03971, arXiv:1811.04055]. As our main technical input, we prove an
optimal local law at the cusp using the Zigzag strategy, a recursive tandem of
the characteristic flow method and a Green function comparison argument.
Moreover, our proof of the optimal local law holds uniformly in the spectrum,
thus also re-establishing universality of the local eigenvalue statistics in
the previously studied bulk [arXiv:1705.10661] and edge [arXiv:1804.07744]
regimes.},
  author       = {Erdös, László and Henheik, Sven Joscha and Riabov, Volodymyr},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  title        = {{Cusp universality for correlated random matrices}},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2410.06813},
  year         = {2024},
}

@unpublished{19551,
  abstract     = {We introduce a notion of a \emph{local gap} for interacting many-body quantum lattice systems and prove the validity of response theory and Kubo's formula for localized perturbations in such settings.
On a high level, our result shows that the usual spectral gap condition, concerning the system as a whole, is not a necessary condition for understanding local properties of the system.
More precisely, we say that an equilibrium state ρ0 of a Hamiltonian H0 is locally gapped in Λgap⊂Λ, whenever the Liouvillian −i[H0,⋅] is almost invertible on local observables supported in Λgap when tested in ρ0.
To put this into context, we provide other alternative notions of a local gap and discuss their relations.
The validity of response theory is based on the construction of \emph{non-equilibrium almost stationary states} (NEASSs).
By controlling locality properties of the NEASS construction, we show that response theory holds to any order, whenever the perturbation \(\epsilon V\) acts in a region which is further than |logϵ| away from the non-gapped region Λ∖Λgap.},
  author       = {Henheik, Sven Joscha and Wessel, Tom},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  title        = {{Response theory for locally gapped systems}},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2410.10809},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{22444,
  abstract     = {<jats:p>Abstract. Hydro-pedotransfer functions (PTFs) relate easy-to-measure and readily available soil information to soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) for applications in a wide range of process-based and empirical models, thereby enabling the assessment of soil hydraulic effects on hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes. At least more than 4 decades of research have been invested to derive such relationships. However, while models, methods, data storage capacity, and computational efficiency have advanced, there are fundamental concerns related to the scope and adequacy of current PTFs, particularly when applied to parameterise models used at the field scale and beyond. Most of the PTF development process has focused on refining and advancing the regression methods, while fundamental aspects have remained largely unconsidered. Most soil systems are not represented in PTFs, which have been built mostly for agricultural soils in temperate climates. Thus, existing PTFs largely ignore how parent material, vegetation, land use, and climate affect processes that shape SHPs. The PTFs used to parameterise the Richards–Richardson equation are mostly limited to predicting parameters of the van Genuchten–Mualem soil hydraulic functions, despite sufficient evidence demonstrating their shortcomings. Another fundamental issue relates to the diverging scales of derivation and application, whereby PTFs are derived based on laboratory measurements while often being applied at the field to regional scales. Scaling, modulation, and constraining strategies exist to alleviate some of these shortcomings in the mismatch between scales. These aspects are addressed here in a joint effort by the members of the International Soil Modelling Consortium (ISMC) Pedotransfer Functions Working Group with the aim of systematising PTF research and providing a roadmap guiding both PTF development and use. We close with a 10-point catalogue for funders and researchers to guide review processes and research.</jats:p>},
  author       = {Weber, Tobias Karl David and Weihermüller, Lutz and Nemes, Attila and Bechtold, Michel and Degré, Aurore and Diamantopoulos, Efstathios and Fatichi, Simone and Filipović, Vilim and Gupta, Surya and Hohenbrink, Tobias L. and Hirmas, Daniel R. and Jackisch, Conrad and de Jong van Lier, Quirijn and Koestel, John and Lehmann, Peter and Marthews, Toby R. and Minasny, Budiman and Pagel, Holger and van der Ploeg, Martine and Shojaeezadeh, Shahab Aldin and Svane, Simon Fiil and Szabó, Brigitta and Vereecken, Harry and Verhoef, Anne and Young, Michael and Zeng, Yijian and Zhang, Yonggen and Bonetti, Sara},
  issn         = {1607-7938},
  journal      = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  number       = {14},
  pages        = {3391--3433},
  publisher    = {Copernicus Publications},
  title        = {{Hydro-pedotransfer functions: A roadmap for future development}},
  doi          = {10.5194/hess-28-3391-2024},
  volume       = {28},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{22485,
  abstract     = {Allometric scaling relations are widely used to link biological processes to body size in nature. Several studies have shown that such scaling laws hold also for natural ecosystems, including individual trees and forests, riverine metabolism, and river network organization. However, the derivation of scaling laws for catchment-scale water and carbon fluxes has not been achieved so far. Here, we focus on scaling relations of catchment green metabolism, defined as the set of ecohydrological and biogeochemical processes through which vegetation assemblages in catchments maintain their structure and react to the surrounding environment. By revising existing plant size–density relationships and integrating them across large-scale domains, we show that the ecohydrological fluxes occurring at the catchment scale are invariant with respect to the above-ground vegetation biomass per unit area of the basin, while they scale linearly with catchment size. We thus demonstrate that the sublinear scaling of plant metabolism results in an isometric scaling at catchment and regional scales. Deviations from such predictions are further shown to collapse onto a common distribution, thus incorporating natural fluctuations due to resource limitations into a generalized scaling theory. Results from scaling arguments are supported by hyperresolution ecohydrological simulations and remote sensing observations.},
  author       = {Bassani, Francesca and Fatichi, Simone and Rinaldo, Andrea and Bonetti, Sara},
  issn         = {1091-6490},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  number       = {42},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Toward a metabolic theory of catchments: Scaling of water and carbon fluxes with size}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2410736121},
  volume       = {121},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{22453,
  abstract     = {As climate change intensifies, cities globally are experiencing more severe rainfall and frequent pluvial floods. Urban expansion is altering the permeability of the land, thus increasing the risk of flooding. This study investigates the impact of urban morphology on pluvial floodwater distribution in 15 urban catchments across England, UK, to provide an analysis of how urban morphology influences flood magnitude. Using a cellular automata-based model, pluvial flood simulations were conducted for catchments characterized by diverse urban morphologies. Then a series of machine learning models were adopted to reveal the relationships between the morphological characteristics of urban configurations (e.g., building footprints, impervious surfaces, street network, topography) and pluvial flooding. These models were used to identify and quantify the effects of key urban morphological indicators on pluvial flooding. The results indicate that, although the total area of impervious surfaces plays the most significant role in floodwater distribution, the edge density (ED) of building footprints and impervious surfaces also influences this process. Synthetic experiments with an exemplary urban fabric show that decreasing “ED of building footprint” and increasing “ED of impervious surface” can mitigate flood volume by up to 6.3 % at 100 % drainage efficiency and 7.8 % at 50 % efficiency. The results of this study are anticipated to aid urban planners and policymakers in developing strategies for implementing flood-resilient cities.},
  author       = {Zhu, Yue and Burlando, Paolo and Tan, Puay Yok and Blagojevic, Jovan and Fatichi, Simone},
  issn         = {0048-9697},
  journal      = {Science of The Total Environment},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Investigating the influence of urban morphology on pluvial flooding: Insights from urban catchments in England (UK)}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176139},
  volume       = {953},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{22491,
  abstract     = {<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is an important variable mediating microbial effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) since it summarizes how much carbon is used for microbial growth or is respired. Yet, the role of CUE in regulating SOC storage remains debated, with evidence for both positive and negative SOC‐CUE relations. Here, we use a combination of measured data around the world and numerical simulations to explore SOC‐CUE relations accounting for temperature (T) effects on CUE. Results reveal that the sign of the CUE‐T relation controls the direction of the SOC‐CUE relations. A negative CUE‐T relation leads to a positive SOC‐CUE relation and vice versa, highlighting that CUE‐T patterns significantly affect how organic carbon is used by microbes and hence SOC‐CUE relations. Numerical results also confirm the observed negative SOC‐T relation, regardless of the CUE‐T patterns, implying that temperature plays a more dominant role than CUE in controlling SOC storage. The SOC‐CUE relation is usually negative when temperature effects are isolated, even though it can become positive when nonlinear microbial turnover is considered. These results indicate a dominant role of CUE‐T patterns in controlling the SOC‐CUE relation. Our findings help to better understand SOC and microbial responses to a warming climate.</jats:p>},
  author       = {Luo, Zhaoyang and Ren, Jianning and Manzoni, Stefano and Fatichi, Simone},
  issn         = {1365-2486},
  journal      = {Global Change Biology},
  number       = {9},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Temperature controls the relation between soil organic carbon and microbial carbon use efficiency}},
  doi          = {10.1111/gcb.17492},
  volume       = {30},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{15359,
  abstract     = {Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations play an important role in understanding and engineering heat transport properties of complex materials. An essential requirement for reliably predicting heat transport properties is the use of accurate and efficient interatomic potentials. Recently, machine-learned potentials (MLPs) have shown great promise in providing the required accuracy for a broad range of materials. In this mini-review and tutorial, we delve into the fundamentals of heat transport, explore pertinent MD simulation methods, and survey the applications of MLPs in MD simulations of heat transport. Furthermore, we provide a step-by-step tutorial on developing MLPs for highly efficient and predictive heat transport simulations, utilizing the neuroevolution potentials as implemented in the GPUMD package. Our aim with this mini-review and tutorial is to empower researchers with valuable insights into cutting-edge methodologies that can significantly enhance the accuracy and efficiency of MD simulations for heat transport studies.},
  author       = {Dong, Haikuan and Shi, Yongbo and Ying, Penghua and Xu, Ke and Liang, Ting and Wang, Yanzhou and Zeng, Zezhu and Wu, Xin and Zhou, Wenjiang and Xiong, Shiyun and Chen, Shunda and Fan, Zheyong},
  issn         = {1089-7550},
  journal      = {Journal of Applied Physics},
  number       = {16},
  publisher    = {AIP Publishing},
  title        = {{Molecular dynamics simulations of heat transport using machine-learned potentials: A mini-review and tutorial on GPUMD with neuroevolution potentials}},
  doi          = {10.1063/5.0200833},
  volume       = {135},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{17278,
  abstract     = {An azeotrope is a constant boiling point mixture, and its behavior is important for fluid separation processes. Predicting azeotropes from atomistic simulations is difficult due to the complexities and convergence problems of Monte Carlo and free-energy perturbation techniques. Here, we present a methodology for predicting the azeotropes of binary mixtures, which computes the compositional dependence of chemical potentials from molecular dynamics simulations using the S0 method and employs experimental boiling point and vaporization enthalpy data. Using this methodology, we reproduce the azeotropes, or lack thereof, in five case studies, including ethanol/water, ethanol/isooctane, methanol/water, hydrazine/water, and acetone/chloroform mixtures. We find that it is crucial to use the experimental boiling point and vaporization enthalpy for reliable azeotrope predictions, as empirical force fields are not accurate enough for these quantities. Finally, we use regular solution models to rationalize the azeotropes and reveal that they tend to form when the mixture components have similar boiling points and strong interactions.},
  author       = {Wang, Xiaoyu and Cheng, Bingqing},
  issn         = {1089-7690},
  journal      = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {AIP Publishing},
  title        = {{Integrating molecular dynamics simulations and experimental data for azeotrope predictions in binary mixtures}},
  doi          = {10.1063/5.0217232},
  volume       = {161},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{22513,
  abstract     = {High elevation headwater catchments are complex hydrological systems that seasonally buffer water and release it in the form of snow and ice melt, modulating downstream runoff regimes and water availability. In High Mountain Asia (HMA), where a wide range of climates from semi-arid to monsoonal exist, the importance of the cryospheric contributions to the water budget varies with the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Losses due to evapotranspiration and sublimation are to date largely unquantified components of the water budget in such catchments, although they can be comparable in magnitude to glacier melt contributions to streamflow. Here, we simulate the hydrology of three high elevation headwater catchments in distinct climates in HMA over 10 years using an ecohydrological model geared towards high-mountain areas including snow and glaciers, forced with reanalysis data. Our results show that evapotranspiration and sublimation together are most important at the semi-arid site, Kyzylsu, on the northernmost slopes of the Pamir mountain range. Here, the evaporative loss amounts to 28% of the water throughput, which we define as the total water added to, or removed from the water balance within a year. In comparison, evaporative losses are 19% at the Central Himalayan site Langtang and 13% at the wettest site, 24 K, on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau. At the three sites, respectively, sublimation removes 15%, 13% and 6% of snowfall, while evapotranspiration removes the equivalent of 76%, 28% and 19% of rainfall. In absolute terms, and across a comparable elevation range, the highest ET flux is 413 mm yr−1 at 24 K, while the highest sublimation flux is 91 mm yr−1 at Kyzylsu. During warm and dry years, glacier melt was found to only partially compensate for the annual supply deficit.},
  author       = {Fugger, S and Shaw, T E and Jouberton, A and Miles, E S and Buri, P and McCarthy, M and Fyffe, C and Fatichi, Simone and Kneib, M and Molnar, Peter and Pellicciotti, F},
  issn         = {1748-9326},
  journal      = {Environmental Research Letters},
  keywords     = {Glacio-hydrology, High mountain Asia, High mountain hydrology, Ecohydrology, Landsurface modelling, Remote sensing hydrology},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of high mountain Asia}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0},
  volume       = {19},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{22553,
  abstract     = {Tidal freshwater marshes are threatened by seawater intrusion globally due to freshwater discharge reduction and sea-level rise. However, terrestrial nitrate (NO3−) transport responding to seawater intrusion remains poorly understood in tidal marshes. After validation against laboratory experiments, numerical simulations were conducted to analyze seawater intrusion effects on terrestrial NO3− transport and transformation in tidal marsh aquifers. Results reveal that seawater intrusion noticeably affects NO3− transport from the marsh aquifer to the tidal creek. Seawater intrusion results in an upper saline plume and a saltwater wedge within the aquifer, which markedly narrows the discharge outlet width of the NO3− plume and intensifies the peak NO3− flux across the creek bank. Consequently, both the NO3− removal efficiency and total nitrogen gas load to the creek decrease substantially after seawater intrusion. This is because the reduction of the transit time and the mixing zone width of the NO3− plume after seawater intrusion weakens denitrification. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the difference of the NO3− removal efficiency before and after seawater intrusion depends on soil properties. A larger unsaturated flow effect, saturated hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity leads to a greater difference of the NO3− removal efficiency before and after seawater intrusion. The predicted decrease of the NO3− removal efficiency after seawater intrusion is consistent with existing field data.},
  author       = {Luo, Zhaoyang and Kong, Jun and Yu, Xiayang and Gao, Chao and Barry, D. A. and Fatichi, Simone},
  issn         = {1944-7973},
  journal      = {Water Resources Research},
  number       = {9},
  publisher    = {American Geophysical Union},
  title        = {{Seawater intrusion inhibits nitrate removal in tidal marsh aquifers}},
  doi          = {10.1029/2024wr038107},
  volume       = {60},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{22511,
  abstract     = {Wildfires are increasing in frequency, intensity, and extent globally due to climate change and they can alter forest composition, structure, and function. The destruction and subsequent regrowth of young vegetation can modify the ecosystem evapotranspiration and downstream water availability. However, the response of forest recovery on hydrology is not well known with even the sign of evapotranspiration and water yield changes following forest fires being uncertain across the globe. Here, we quantify the effects of forest regrowth after catastrophic wildfires on evapotranspiration and runoff in the world's tallest angiosperm forest (Eucalyptus regnans) in Australia. We combine eddy covariance measurements including pre- and post-fire periods, mechanistic ecohydrological modeling and then extend the analysis spatially to multiple fires in eucalypt-dominated forests in south-eastern Australia by utilizing remote sensing. We find a fast recovery of evapotranspiration which reaches and exceeds pre-fire values within 2 years after the bushfire, a result confirmed by eddy covariance data, remote sensing, and modeling. Such a fast evapotranspiration recovery is likely generalizable to tall eucalypt forests in south-eastern Australia as shown by remote sensing. Once climate variability is discounted, ecohydrological modeling shows evapotranspiration rates from the recovering forest which reach peak values of +20% evapotranspiration 3 years post-fire. As a result, modeled runoff decreases substantially. Contrary to previous research, we find that the increase in modeled evapotranspiration is largely caused by the aerodynamic effects of a much shorter forest height leading to higher surface temperature, higher humidity gradients and therefore increased transpiration. However, increases in evapotranspiration as well as decreases in runoff caused by the young forest are constrained by energy and water limitations. Our result of an increase in evapotranspiration due to aerodynamic warming in a shorter forest after wildfires could occur in many parts of the world experiencing forest disturbances.},
  author       = {Meili, Naika and Beringer, Jason and Zhao, Jiacheng and Fatichi, Simone},
  issn         = {1365-2486},
  journal      = {Global Change Biology},
  keywords     = {Aerodynamic effects, Bushfires Australia, Ecohydrological modeling, Eddy covariancemeasurements, Eucalyptus regnans, Forest evapotranspiration, Forest recovery, Mountain Ash, TERN OzFlux, Wildfires},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Aerodynamic effects cause higher forest evapotranspiration and water yield reductions after wildfires in tall forests}},
  doi          = {10.1111/gcb.16995},
  volume       = {30},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{22563,
  abstract     = {The ascent of water from the soil to the leaves of vascular plants, described by the study of plant hydraulics, regulates ecosystem responses to environmental forcing and recovery from stress periods. Several approaches to model plant hydraulics have been proposed. In this study, we introduce four different versions of plant hydraulics representations in the terrestrial biosphere model T&C to understand the significance of plant hydraulics to ecosystem functioning. We tested representations of plant hydraulics, investigating plant water capacitance, and long-term xylem damages following drought. The four models we tested were a combination of representations including or neglecting capacitance and including or neglecting xylem damage legacies. Using the models at six case studies spanning semiarid to tropical ecosystems, we quantify how plant xylem flow, plant water storage and long-term xylem damage can modulate overall water and carbon dynamics across multiple time scales. We show that as drought develops, models with plant hydraulics predict a slower onset of plant water stress, and a diurnal variability of water and carbon fluxes closer to observations. Plant water storage was found to be particularly important for the diurnal dynamics of water and carbon fluxes, with models that include plant water capacitance yielding better results. Models including permanent damage to conducting plant tissues show an additional significant drought legacy effect, limiting plant productivity during the recovery phase following major droughts. However, when considering ecosystem responses to the observed climate variability, plant hydraulic modules alone cannot significantly improve the overall model performance, even though they reproduce more realistic water and carbon dynamics. This opens new avenues for model development, explicitly linking plant hydraulics with additional ecosystem processes, such as plant phenology and improved carbon allocation algorithms.},
  author       = {Paschalis, Athanasios and De Kauwe, Martin G. and Sabot, Manon and Fatichi, Simone},
  issn         = {1365-2486},
  journal      = {Global Change Biology},
  keywords     = {Ecosystem recovery, Ecosystem responses, Plant hydraulics, Terrestrial biosphere model, Water stress},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{When do plant hydraulics matter in terrestrial biosphere modelling?}},
  doi          = {10.1111/gcb.17022},
  volume       = {30},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{22583,
  abstract     = {Accurately predicting weather and climate in cities is critical for safeguarding human health and strengthening urban resilience. Multimodel evaluations can lead to model improvements; however, there have been no major intercomparisons of urban-focussed land surface models in over a decade. Here, in Phase 1 of the Urban-PLUMBER project, we evaluate the ability of 30 land surface models to simulate surface energy fluxes critical to atmospheric meteorological and air quality simulations. We establish minimum and upper performance expectations for participating models using simple information-limited models as benchmarks. Compared with the last major model intercomparison at the same site, we find broad improvement in the current cohort's predictions of short-wave radiation, sensible and latent heat fluxes, but little or no improvement in long-wave radiation and momentum fluxes. Models with a simple urban representation (e.g., ‘slab’ schemes) generally perform well, particularly when combined with sophisticated hydrological/vegetation models. Some mid-complexity models (e.g., ‘canyon’ schemes) also perform well, indicating efforts to integrate vegetation and hydrology processes have paid dividends. The most complex models that resolve three-dimensional interactions between buildings in general did not perform as well as other categories. However, these models also tended to have the simplest representations of hydrology and vegetation. Models without any urban representation (i.e., vegetation-only land surface models) performed poorly for latent heat fluxes, and reasonably for other energy fluxes at this suburban site. Our analysis identified widespread human errors in initial submissions that substantially affected model performances. Although significant efforts are applied to correct these errors, we conclude that human factors are likely to influence results in this (or any) model intercomparison, particularly where participating scientists have varying experience and first languages. These initial results are for one suburban site, and future phases of Urban-PLUMBER will evaluate models across 20 sites in different urban and regional climate zones.},
  author       = {Lipson, Mathew J. and Grimmond, Sue and Best, Martin and Abramowitz, Gab and Coutts, Andrew and Tapper, Nigel and Baik, Jong‐Jin and Beyers, Meiring and Blunn, Lewis and Boussetta, Souhail and Bou‐Zeid, Elie and De Kauwe, Martin G. and de Munck, Cécile and Demuzere, Matthias and Fatichi, Simone and Fortuniak, Krzysztof and Han, Beom‐Soon and Hendry, Margaret A. and Kikegawa, Yukihiro and Kondo, Hiroaki and Lee, Doo‐Il and Lee, Sang‐Hyun and Lemonsu, Aude and Machado, Tiago and Manoli, Gabriele and Martilli, Alberto and Masson, Valéry and McNorton, Joe and Meili, Naika and Meyer, David and Nice, Kerry A. and Oleson, Keith W. and Park, Seung‐Bu and Roth, Michael and Schoetter, Robert and Simón‐Moral, Andrés and Steeneveld, Gert‐Jan and Sun, Ting and Takane, Yuya and Thatcher, Marcus and Tsiringakis, Aristofanis and Varentsov, Mikhail and Wang, Chenghao and Wang, Zhi‐Hua and Pitman, Andy J.},
  issn         = {1477-870X},
  journal      = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society},
  keywords     = {Benchmark, Energy balance, Intercomparison, Model evaluation, Urban climate, Urban meteorology},
  number       = {758},
  pages        = {126--169},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Evaluation of 30 urban land surface models in the Urban-PLUMBER project: Phase 1 results}},
  doi          = {10.1002/qj.4589},
  volume       = {150},
  year         = {2024},
}

@misc{22234,
  abstract     = {Lists of nontrivial integral points on some (families of) cubic surfaces. (2024-07-18)},
  author       = {Browning, Timothy D and Sutherland, Andrew},
  publisher    = {Göttingen Research Online Data},
  title        = {{Data and code for: Integral points on cubic surfaces: heuristics and numerics}},
  doi          = {10.25625/4FLFH8},
  year         = {2024},
}