@article{13117,
  abstract     = {The ability to control the direction of scattered light is crucial to provide flexibility and scalability for a wide range of on-chip applications, such as integrated photonics, quantum information processing, and nonlinear optics. Tunable directionality can be achieved by applying external magnetic fields that modify optical selection rules, by using nonlinear effects, or interactions with vibrations. However, these approaches are less suitable to control microwave photon propagation inside integrated superconducting quantum devices. Here, we demonstrate on-demand tunable directional scattering based on two periodically modulated transmon qubits coupled to a transmission line at a fixed distance. By changing the relative phase between the modulation tones, we realize unidirectional forward or backward photon scattering. Such an in-situ switchable mirror represents a versatile tool for intra- and inter-chip microwave photonic processors. In the future, a lattice of qubits can be used to realize topological circuits that exhibit strong nonreciprocity or chirality.},
  author       = {Redchenko, Elena and Poshakinskiy, Alexander V. and Sett, Riya and Zemlicka, Martin and Poddubny, Alexander N. and Fink, Johannes M},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6},
  volume       = {14},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{12159,
  abstract     = {The term “haplotype block” is commonly used in the developing field of haplotype-based inference methods. We argue that the term should be defined based on the structure of the Ancestral Recombination Graph (ARG), which contains complete information on the ancestry of a sample. We use simulated examples to demonstrate key features of the relationship between haplotype blocks and ancestral structure, emphasizing the stochasticity of the processes that generate them. Even the simplest cases of neutrality or of a “hard” selective sweep produce a rich structure, often missed by commonly used statistics. We highlight a number of novel methods for inferring haplotype structure, based on the full ARG, or on a sequence of trees, and illustrate how they can be used to define haplotype blocks using an empirical data set. While the advent of new, computationally efficient methods makes it possible to apply these concepts broadly, they (and additional new methods) could benefit from adding features to explore haplotype blocks, as we define them. Understanding and applying the concept of the haplotype block will be essential to fully exploit long and linked-read sequencing technologies.},
  author       = {Shipilina, Daria and Pal, Arka and Stankowski, Sean and Chan, Yingguang Frank and Barton, Nicholas H},
  issn         = {1365-294X},
  journal      = {Molecular Ecology},
  keywords     = {Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics},
  number       = {6},
  pages        = {1441--1457},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks}},
  doi          = {10.1111/mec.16793},
  volume       = {32},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{11442,
  abstract     = {Enabling additive manufacturing to employ a wide range of novel, functional materials can be a major boost to this technology. However, making such materials printable requires painstaking trial-and-error by an expert operator,
as they typically tend to exhibit peculiar rheological or hysteresis properties. Even in the case of successfully finding the process parameters, there is no guarantee of print-to-print consistency due to material differences between batches. These challenges make closed-loop feedback an attractive option where the process parameters are adjusted on-the-fly. There are several challenges for designing an efficient controller: the deposition parameters are complex and highly coupled, artifacts occur after long time horizons, simulating the deposition is computationally costly, and learning on hardware is intractable. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of learning a closed-loop control policy for additive manufacturing using reinforcement learning. We show that approximate, but efficient, numerical simulation is
sufficient as long as it allows learning the behavioral patterns of deposition that translate to real-world experiences. In combination with reinforcement learning, our model can be used to discover control policies that outperform
baseline controllers. Furthermore, the recovered policies have a minimal sim-to-real gap. We showcase this by applying our control policy in-vivo on a single-layer, direct ink writing printer. },
  author       = {Piovarci, Michael and Foshey, Michael and Xu, Jie and Erps, Timothy and Babaei, Vahid and Didyk, Piotr and Rusinkiewicz, Szymon and Matusik, Wojciech and Bickel, Bernd},
  issn         = {1557-7368},
  journal      = {ACM Transactions on Graphics},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  title        = {{Closed-loop control of direct ink writing via reinforcement learning}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3528223.3530144},
  volume       = {41},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11443,
  abstract     = {Sometimes, it is possible to represent a complicated polytope as a projection of a much simpler polytope. To quantify this phenomenon, the extension complexity of a polytope P is defined to be the minimum number of facets of a (possibly higher-dimensional) polytope from which P can be obtained as a (linear) projection. This notion is motivated by its relevance to combinatorial optimisation, and has been studied intensively for various specific polytopes associated with important optimisation problems. In this paper we study extension complexity as a parameter of general polytopes, more specifically considering various families of low-dimensional polytopes. First, we prove that for a fixed dimension d, the extension complexity of a random d-dimensional polytope (obtained as the convex hull of random points in a ball or on a sphere) is typically on the order of the square root of its number of vertices. Second, we prove that any cyclic n-vertex polygon (whose vertices lie on a circle) has extension complexity at most 24√n. This bound is tight up to the constant factor 24. Finally, we show that there exists an no(1)-dimensional polytope with at most n vertices and extension complexity n1−o(1). Our theorems are proved with a range of different techniques, which we hope will be of further interest.},
  author       = {Kwan, Matthew Alan and Sauermann, Lisa and Zhao, Yufei},
  issn         = {1088-6850},
  journal      = {Transactions of the American Mathematical Society},
  number       = {6},
  pages        = {4209--4250},
  publisher    = {American Mathematical Society},
  title        = {{Extension complexity of low-dimensional polytopes}},
  doi          = {10.1090/tran/8614},
  volume       = {375},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11444,
  abstract     = {This article investigates library-related documents written by Gerard van Swieten (1700–72) during his tenure as Library Prefect in the Imperial Library of Vienna (1745–72). Van Swieten’s time as Library Prefect is considered through a textual analysis. Handwritten letters were deconstructed in terms of their appearance, layout, and tone in order to mine them for meaning. Furthermore, the contents were examined for library matters such as censorship, catalogues, and collection development. The Imperial Court Library held a prominent role as a repository for rare and valuable works, later becoming the National Library of Austria.
Gerard van Swieten’s work as a librarian tends to be overlooked, perhaps because he is better known as the private physician of Maria Theresia, as well as a medical reformer. Nevertheless, he was a hard-working chief librarian deeply involved in all aspects of librarianship. Van Swieten endorsed modern scientific works, which were otherwise banned officially by the censorship commission, for the use of scholars in the library, expanded the collection by acquiring books through his network of scholars and publishers, and reissued library catalogues. He also provided for the comfort of users in the library reading room, at a time when such considerations were unusual. In conclusion, a proposal is made that van Swieten viewed his role as librarian with some importance and pride.},
  author       = {Chlebak, Clara A and Reid, Peter H.},
  issn         = {1758-3497},
  journal      = {Library and Information History},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {23--41},
  publisher    = {Edinburgh University Press},
  title        = {{From the prefect’s desk: Gerard van Swieten’s library correspondence}},
  doi          = {10.3366/lih.2022.0097},
  volume       = {38},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11449,
  abstract     = {Mutations are acquired frequently, such that each cell's genome inscribes its history of cell divisions. Common genomic alterations involve loss of heterozygosity (LOH). LOH accumulates throughout the genome, offering large encoding capacity for inferring cell lineage. Using only single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of mouse brain cells, we found that LOH events spanning multiple genes are revealed as tracts of monoallelically expressed, constitutionally heterozygous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). We simultaneously inferred cell lineage and marked developmental time points based on X chromosome inactivation and the total number of LOH events while identifying cell types from gene expression patterns. Our results are consistent with progenitor cells giving rise to multiple cortical cell types through stereotyped expansion and distinct waves of neurogenesis. This type of retrospective analysis could be incorporated into scRNA-seq pipelines and, compared with experimental approaches for determining lineage in model organisms, is applicable where genetic engineering is prohibited, such as humans.},
  author       = {Anderson, Donovan J. and Pauler, Florian and Mckenna, Aaron and Shendure, Jay and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Horwitz, Marshall S.},
  issn         = {2405-4720},
  journal      = {Cell Systems},
  number       = {6},
  pages        = {438--453.e5},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Simultaneous brain cell type and lineage determined by scRNA-seq reveals stereotyped cortical development}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.cels.2022.03.006},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11451,
  abstract     = {The precursor conversion chemistry and surface chemistry of Cu3N and Cu3PdN nanocrystals are unknown or contested. Here, we first obtain phase-pure, colloidally stable nanocubes. Second, we elucidate the pathway by which copper(II) nitrate and oleylamine form Cu3N. We find that oleylamine is both a reductant and a nitrogen source. Oleylamine is oxidized by nitrate to a primary aldimine, which reacts further with excess oleylamine to a secondary aldimine, eliminating ammonia. Ammonia reacts with CuI to form Cu3N. Third, we investigated the surface chemistry and find a mixed ligand shell of aliphatic amines and carboxylates (formed in situ). While the carboxylates appear tightly bound, the amines are easily desorbed from the surface. Finally, we show that doping with palladium decreases the band gap and the material becomes semi-metallic. These results bring insight into the chemistry of metal nitrides and might help the development of other metal nitride nanocrystals.},
  author       = {Parvizian, Mahsa and Duràn Balsa, Alejandra and Pokratath, Rohan and Kalha, Curran and Lee, Seungho and Van Den Eynden, Dietger and Ibáñez, Maria and Regoutz, Anna and De Roo, Jonathan},
  issn         = {1521-3773},
  journal      = {Angewandte Chemie - International Edition},
  number       = {31},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{The chemistry of Cu₃N and Cu₃PdN nanocrystals}},
  doi          = {10.1002/anie.202207013},
  volume       = {61},
  year         = {2022},
}

@inbook{11456,
  abstract     = {The proteomes of specialized structures, and the interactomes of proteins of interest, provide entry points to elucidate the functions of molecular machines. Here, we review a proximity-labeling strategy that uses the improved E. coli biotin ligase TurboID to characterize C. elegans protein complexes. Although the focus is on C. elegans neurons, the method is applicable regardless of cell type. We describe detailed extraction procedures that solubilize the bulk of C. elegans proteins and highlight the importance of tagging endogenous genes, to ensure physiological expression levels. We review issues associated with non-specific background noise and the importance of appropriate controls. As proof of principle, we review our analysis of the interactome of a presynaptic active zone protein, ELKS-1. Our aim is to provide a detailed protocol for TurboID-based proximity labeling in C. elegans and to highlight its potential and its limitations to characterize protein complexes and subcellular compartments in this animal.},
  author       = {Artan, Murat and de Bono, Mario},
  booktitle    = {Behavioral Neurogenetics},
  editor       = {Yamamoto, Daisuke},
  isbn         = {9781071623206},
  issn         = {1940-6045},
  pages        = {277--294},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Proteomic Analysis of C. Elegans Neurons Using TurboID-Based Proximity Labeling}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-1-0716-2321-3_15},
  volume       = {181},
  year         = {2022},
}

@inproceedings{11459,
  abstract     = {We present a novel approach to differential cost analysis that, given a program revision, attempts to statically bound the difference in resource usage, or cost, between the two program versions. Differential cost analysis is particularly interesting because of the many compelling applications for it, such as detecting resource-use regressions at code-review time or proving the absence of certain side-channel vulnerabilities. One prior approach to differential cost analysis is to apply relational reasoning that conceptually constructs a product program on which one can over-approximate the difference in costs between the two program versions. However, a significant challenge in any relational approach is effectively aligning the program versions to get precise results. In this paper, our key insight is that we can avoid the need for and the limitations of program alignment if, instead, we bound the difference of two cost-bound summaries rather than directly bounding the concrete cost difference. In particular, our method computes a threshold value for the maximal difference in cost between two program versions simultaneously using two kinds of cost-bound summaries---a potential function that evaluates to an upper bound for the cost incurred in the first program and an anti-potential function that evaluates to a lower bound for the cost incurred in the second. Our method has a number of desirable properties: it can be fully automated, it allows optimizing the threshold value on relative cost, it is suitable for programs that are not syntactically similar, and it supports non-determinism. We have evaluated an implementation of our approach on a number of program pairs collected from the literature, and we find that our method computes tight threshold values on relative cost in most examples.},
  author       = {Zikelic, Dorde and Chang, Bor-Yuh Evan and Bolignano, Pauline and Raimondi, Franco},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation},
  isbn         = {9781450392655},
  location     = {San Diego, CA, United States},
  pages        = {442--457},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  title        = {{Differential cost analysis with simultaneous potentials and anti-potentials}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3519939.3523435},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11460,
  abstract     = {Background: Proper cerebral cortical development depends on the tightly orchestrated migration of newly born neurons from the inner ventricular and subventricular zones to the outer cortical plate. Any disturbance in this process during prenatal stages may lead to neuronal migration disorders (NMDs), which can vary in extent from focal to global. Furthermore, NMDs show a substantial comorbidity with other neurodevelopmental disorders, notably autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Our previous work demonstrated focal neuronal migration defects in mice carrying loss-of-function alleles of the recognized autism risk gene WDFY3. However, the cellular origins of these defects in Wdfy3 mutant mice remain elusive and uncovering it will provide critical insight into WDFY3-dependent disease pathology.
Methods: Here, in an effort to untangle the origins of NMDs in Wdfy3lacZ mice, we employed mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM). MADM technology enabled us to genetically distinctly track and phenotypically analyze mutant and wild-type cells concomitantly in vivo using immunofluorescent techniques.
Results: We revealed a cell autonomous requirement of WDFY3 for accurate laminar positioning of cortical projection neurons and elimination of mispositioned cells during early postnatal life. In addition, we identified significant deviations in dendritic arborization, as well as synaptic density and morphology between wild type, heterozygous, and homozygous Wdfy3 mutant neurons in Wdfy3-MADM reporter mice at postnatal stages.
Limitations: While Wdfy3 mutant mice have provided valuable insight into prenatal aspects of ASD pathology that remain inaccessible to investigation in humans, like most animal models, they do not a perfectly replicate all aspects of human ASD biology. The lack of human data makes it indeterminate whether morphological deviations described here apply to ASD patients or some of the other neurodevelopmental conditions associated with WDFY3 mutation.
Conclusions: Our genetic approach revealed several cell autonomous requirements of WDFY3 in neuronal development that could underlie the pathogenic mechanisms of WDFY3-related neurodevelopmental conditions. The results are also consistent with findings in other ASD animal models and patients and suggest an important role for WDFY3 in regulating neuronal function and interconnectivity in postnatal life.},
  author       = {Schaaf, Zachary A. and Tat, Lyvin and Cannizzaro, Noemi and Green, Ralph and Rülicke, Thomas and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Zarbalis, Konstantinos S.},
  issn         = {2040-2392},
  journal      = {Molecular Autism},
  keywords     = {Psychiatry and Mental health, Developmental Biology, Developmental Neuroscience, Molecular Biology},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{WDFY3 mutation alters laminar position and morphology of cortical neurons}},
  doi          = {10.1186/s13229-022-00508-3},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11462,
  abstract     = {Nanobodies (VHH) from camelid antibody libraries hold great promise as therapeutic agents and components of immunoassay systems. Synthetic antibody libraries that could be designed and generated once and for various applications could yield binders to virtually any targets, even for non-immunogenic or toxic ones, in a short term. One of the most difficult tasks is to obtain antibodies with a high affinity and specificity to polyglycosylated proteins. It requires antibody libraries with extremely high functional diversity and the use of sophisticated selection techniques. Here we report a development of a novel sandwich immunoassay involving a combination of the synthetic library-derived VHH-Fc fusion protein as a capture antibody and the immune single-chain fragment variable (scFv) as a tracer for the detection of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) of cattle (Bos taurus). We succeeded in the generation of a number of specific scFv antibodies against PAG from the mouse immune library. Subsequent selection using the immobilized scFv-Fc capture antibody allowed to isolate 1.9 nM VHH binder from the diverse synthetic library without any overlapping with the capture antibody binding site. The prototype sandwich ELISA based on the synthetic VHH and the immune scFv was established. This is the first successful example of the combination of synthetic and immune antibody libraries in a single sandwich immunoassay. Thus, our approach could be used for the express isolation of antibody pairs and the development of sandwich immunoassays for challenging antigens.},
  author       = {Dormeshkin, Dmitri and Shapira, Michail and Karputs, Alena and Kavaleuski, Anton and Kuzminski, Ivan and Stepanova, Elena and Gilep, Andrei},
  issn         = {1432-0614},
  journal      = {Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology},
  pages        = {5093--5103},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Combining of synthetic VHH and immune scFv libraries for pregnancy-associated glycoproteins ELISA development}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00253-022-12022-w},
  volume       = {106},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11488,
  abstract     = {Hydrogen Lyα haloes (LAHs) are commonly used as a tracer of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) at high redshifts. In this work, we aim to explore the existence of Lyα haloes around individual UV-selected galaxies, rather than around Lyα emitters (LAEs), at high redshifts. Our sample was continuum-selected with F775W ≤ 27.5, and spectroscopic redshifts were assigned or constrained for all the sources thanks to the deepest (100- to 140-h) existing Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) data with adaptive optics. The final sample includes 21 galaxies that are purely F775W-magnitude selected within the redshift range z ≈ 2.9 − 4.4 and within a UV magnitude range −20 ≤ M1500 ≤ −18, thus avoiding any bias toward LAEs. We tested whether galaxy’s Lyα emission is significantly more extended than the MUSE PSF-convolved continuum component. We find 17 LAHs and four non-LAHs. We report the first individual detections of extended Lyα emission around non-LAEs. The Lyα halo fraction is thus as high as 81.0−11.2+10.3%, which is close to that for LAEs at z = 3 − 6 in the literature. This implies that UV-selected galaxies generally have a large amount of hydrogen in their CGM. We derived the mean surface brightness (SB) profile for our LAHs with cosmic dimming corrections and find that Lyα emission extends to 5.4 arcsec (≃40 physical kpc at the midpoint redshift z = 3.6) above the typical 1σ SB limit. The incidence rate of surrounding gas detected in Lyα per one-dimensional line of sight per unit redshift, dn/dz, is estimated to be 0.76−0.09+0.09 for galaxies with M1500 ≤ −18 mag at z ≃ 3.7. Assuming that Lyα emission and absorption arise in the same gas, this suggests, based on abundance matching, that LAHs trace the same gas as damped Lyα systems (DLAs) and sub-DLAs.},
  author       = {Kusakabe, Haruka and Verhamme, Anne and Blaizot, Jérémy and Garel, Thibault and Wisotzki, Lutz and Leclercq, Floriane and Bacon, Roland and Schaye, Joop and Gallego, Sofia G. and Kerutt, Josephine and Matthee, Jorryt J and Maseda, Michael and Nanayakkara, Themiya and Pelló, Roser and Richard, Johan and Tresse, Laurence and Urrutia, Tanya and Vitte, Eloïse},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  keywords     = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: high-redshift / galaxies: formation / galaxies: evolution / cosmology: observations},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{The MUSE eXtremely Deep Field: Individual detections of Ly<i>α</i> haloes around rest-frame UV-selected galaxies at <i>z</i> ≃ 2.9–4.4}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202142302},
  volume       = {660},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11489,
  abstract     = {Much of plant development depends on cell-to-cell redistribution of the plant hormone auxin, which is facilitated by the plasma membrane (PM) localized PIN FORMED (PIN) proteins. Auxin export activity, developmental roles, subcellular trafficking, and polarity of PINs have been well studied, but their structure remains elusive besides a rough outline that they contain two groups of 5 alpha-helices connected by a large hydrophilic loop (HL). Here, we focus on the PIN1 HL as we could produce it in sufficient quantities for biochemical investigations to provide insights into its secondary structure. Circular dichroism (CD) studies revealed its nature as an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), manifested by the increase of structure content upon thermal melting. Consistent with IDPs serving as interaction platforms, PIN1 loops homodimerize. PIN1 HL cytoplasmic overexpression in Arabidopsis disrupts early endocytic trafficking of PIN1 and PIN2 and causes defects in the cotyledon vasculature formation. In summary, we demonstrate that PIN1 HL has an intrinsically disordered nature, which must be considered to gain further structural insights. Some secondary structures may form transiently during pairing with known and yet-to-be-discovered interactors.},
  author       = {Bilanovičová, V and Rýdza, N and Koczka, L and Hess, M and Feraru, E and Friml, Jiří and Nodzyński, T},
  issn         = {1422-0067},
  journal      = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {6352},
  publisher    = {MDPI},
  title        = {{The hydrophilic loop of Arabidopsis PIN1 auxin efflux carrier harbors hallmarks of an intrinsically disordered protein}},
  doi          = {10.3390/ijms23116352},
  volume       = {23},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11490,
  abstract     = {Directly characterising the first generations of stars in distant galaxies is a key quest of observational cosmology. We present a case study of ID53 at z = 4.77, the UV-brightest (but L⋆) star-forming galaxy at z > 3 in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field with a mass of ≈109 M⊙. In addition to very strong Lyman-α (Lyα) emission, we clearly detect the (stellar) continuum and an N V P Cygni feature, interstellar absorption, fine-structure emission and nebular C IV emission lines in the 140 h spectrum. Continuum emission from two spatially resolved components in Hubble Space Telescope data are blended in the MUSE data, but we show that the nebular C IV emission originates from a subcomponent of the galaxy. The UV spectrum can be fit with recent BPASS stellar population models combined with single-burst or continuous star formation histories (SFHs), a standard initial mass function, and an attenuation law. Models with a young age and low metallicity (log10(age/yr) = 6.5–7.6 and [Z/H] = −2.15 to −1.15) are preferred, but the details depend on the assumed SFH. The intrinsic Hα luminosity of the best-fit models is an order of magnitude higher than the Hα luminosity inferred from Spitzer/IRAC data, which either suggests a high escape fraction of ionising photons, a high relative attenuation of nebular to stellar dust, or a complex SFH. The metallicity appears lower than the metallicity in more massive galaxies at z = 3 − 5, consistent with the scenario according to which younger galaxies have lower metallicities. This chemical immaturity likely facilitates Lyα escape, explaining why the Lyα equivalent width is anti-correlated with stellar metallicity. Finally, we stress that uncertainties in SFHs impose a challenge for future inferences of the stellar metallicity of young galaxies. This highlights the need for joint (spatially resolved) analyses of stellar spectra and photo-ionisation models.},
  author       = {Matthee, Jorryt J and Feltre, Anna and Maseda, Michael and Nanayakkara, Themiya and Boogaard, Leindert and Bacon, Roland and Verhamme, Anne and Leclercq, Floriane and Kusakabe, Haruka and Urrutia, Tanya and Wisotzki, Lutz},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  keywords     = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: high-redshift / techniques: spectroscopic / galaxies: stellar content / galaxies: formation},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Deciphering stellar metallicities in the early universe: Case study of a young galaxy at z = 4.77 in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202142187},
  volume       = {660},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11497,
  abstract     = {Context. The hydrogen Lyman α line is often the only measurable feature in optical spectra of high-redshift galaxies. Its shape and strength are influenced by radiative transfer processes and the properties of the underlying stellar population. High equivalent widths of several hundred Å are especially hard to explain by models and could point towards unusual stellar populations, for example with low metallicities, young stellar ages, and a top-heavy initial mass function. Other aspects influencing equivalent widths are the morphology of the galaxy and its gas properties.
Aims. The aim of this study is to better understand the connection between the Lyman α rest-frame equivalent width (EW0) and spectral properties as well as ultraviolet (UV) continuum morphology by obtaining reliable EW0 histograms for a statistical sample of galaxies and by assessing the fraction of objects with large equivalent widths.
Methods. We used integral field spectroscopy from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) combined with broad-band data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to measure EW0. We analysed the emission lines of 1920 Lyman α emitters (LAEs) detected in the full MUSE-Wide (one hour exposure time) and MUSE-Deep (ten hour exposure time) surveys and found UV continuum counterparts in archival HST data. We fitted the UV continuum photometric images using the Galfit software to gain morphological information on the rest-UV emission and fitted the spectra obtained from MUSE to determine the double peak fraction, asymmetry, full-width at half maximum, and flux of the Lyman α line.
Results. The two surveys show different histograms of Lyman α EW0. In MUSE-Wide, 20% of objects have EW0 > 240 Å, while this fraction is only 11% in MUSE-Deep and ≈16% for the full sample. This includes objects without HST continuum counterparts (one-third of our sample), for which we give lower limits for EW0. The object with the highest securely measured EW0 has EW0 = 589 ± 193 Å (the highest lower limit being EW0 = 4464 Å). We investigate the connection between EW0 and Lyman α spectral or UV continuum morphological properties.
Conclusions. The survey depth has to be taken into account when studying EW0 distributions. We find that in general, high EW0 objects can have a wide range of spectral and UV morphological properties, which might reflect that the underlying causes for high EW0 values are equally varied.},
  author       = {Kerutt, J. and Wisotzki, L. and Verhamme, A. and Schmidt, K. B. and Leclercq, F. and Herenz, E. C. and Urrutia, T. and Garel, T. and Hashimoto, T. and Maseda, M. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Kusakabe, H. and Schaye, J. and Richard, J. and Guiderdoni, B. and Mauerhofer, V. and Nanayakkara, T. and Vitte, E.},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  keywords     = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: high-redshift / galaxies: formation / galaxies: evolution / cosmology: observations},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Equivalent widths of Lyman α emitters in MUSE-Wide and MUSE-Deep}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202141900},
  volume       = {659},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11509,
  abstract     = {We present Keck/LRIS follow-up spectroscopy for 13 photometric candidates of extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) selected by a machine-learning technique applied to the deep (∼26 AB mag) optical and wide-area (∼500 deg2) Subaru imaging data in the EMPRESS survey. Nine out of the 13 candidates are EMPGs with an oxygen abundance (O/H) less than ∼10% solar value (O/H)⊙, and four sources are contaminants of moderately metal-rich galaxies or no emission-line objects. Notably, two out of the nine EMPGs have extremely low stellar masses and oxygen abundances of 5 × 10⁴x–7 × -10⁵ M⊙ and 2%–3% (O/H)⊙, respectively. With a sample of five EMPGs with (Fe/O) measurements, two (three) of which are taken from this study (the literature), we confirm that two EMPGs with the lowest (O/H) ratios of ∼2% (O/H)⊙ show high (Fe/O) ratios of ∼0.1, close to the solar abundance ratio. Comparing galaxy chemical enrichment models, we find that the two EMPGs cannot be explained by a scenario of metal-poor gas accretion/episodic star formation history due to their low (N/O) ratios. We conclude that the two EMPGs can be reproduced by the inclusion of bright hypernovae and/or hypothetical pair-instability supernovae (SNe) preferentially produced in a metal-poor environment. This conclusion implies that primordial galaxies at z ∼ 10 could have a high abundance of Fe that did not originate from Type Ia SNe with delays and that Fe may not serve as a cosmic clock for primordial galaxies.},
  author       = {Isobe, Yuki and Ouchi, Masami and Suzuki, Akihiro and Moriya, Takashi J. and Nakajima, Kimihiko and Nomoto, Ken’ichi and Rauch, Michael and Harikane, Yuichi and Kojima, Takashi and Ono, Yoshiaki and Fujimoto, Seiji and Inoue, Akio K. and Kim, Ji Hoon and Komiyama, Yutaka and Kusakabe, Haruka and Lee, Chien-Hsiu and Maseda, Michael and Matthee, Jorryt J and Michel-Dansac, Leo and Nagao, Tohru and Nanayakkara, Themiya and Nishigaki, Moka and Onodera, Masato and Sugahara, Yuma and Xu, Yi},
  issn         = {1538-4357},
  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal},
  keywords     = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics},
  number       = {2},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{EMPRESS. IV. Extremely metal-poor galaxies including very low-mass primordial systems with M∗= 10⁴-10⁵⊙ and 2%–3% (O/H): High (Fe/O) suggestive of metal enrichment by hypernovae/pair-instability supernovae}},
  doi          = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac3509},
  volume       = {925},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11510,
  abstract     = {Galaxy evolution is driven by a variety of physical processes that are predicted to proceed at different rates for different dark matter haloes and environments across cosmic times. A record of this evolution is preserved in galaxy stellar populations, which we can access using absorption-line spectroscopy. Here we explore the large LEGA-C survey (DR3) to investigate the role of the environment and stellar mass on stellar populations at z ∼ 0.6–1 in the COSMOS field. Leveraging the statistical power and depth of LEGA-C, we reveal significant gradients in Dn4000 and Hδ equivalent widths (EWs) distributions over the stellar mass versus environment 2D spaces for the massive galaxy population (M > 1010 M⊙) at z ∼ 0.6–1.0. Dn4000 and Hδ EWs primarily depend on stellar mass, but they also depend on environment at fixed stellar mass. By splitting the sample into centrals and satellites, and in terms of star-forming galaxies and quiescent galaxies, we reveal that the significant environmental trends of Dn4000 and Hδ EW, when controlling for stellar mass, are driven by quiescent galaxies. Regardless of being centrals or satellites, star-forming galaxies reveal Dn4000 and Hδ EWs, which depend strongly on their stellar mass and are completely independent of the environment at 0.6 < z < 1.0. The environmental trends seen for satellite galaxies are fully driven by the trends that hold only for quiescent galaxies, combined with the strong environmental dependency of the quiescent fraction at fixed stellar mass. Our results are consistent with recent predictions from simulations that point toward massive galaxies forming first in overdensities or the most compact dark matter haloes.},
  author       = {Sobral, David and van der Wel, Arjen and Bezanson, Rachel and Bell, Eric and Muzzin, Adam and D’Eugenio, Francesco and Darvish, Behnam and Gallazzi, Anna and Wu, Po-Feng and Maseda, Michael and Matthee, Jorryt J and Paulino-Afonso, Ana and Straatman, Caroline and van Dokkum, Pieter G.},
  issn         = {1538-4357},
  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal},
  keywords     = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics},
  number       = {2},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{The LEGA-C of nature and nurture in stellar populations at z ∼ 0.6–1.0: Dn4000 and Hδ reveal different assembly histories for quiescent galaxies in different environments}},
  doi          = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac4419},
  volume       = {926},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11511,
  abstract     = {The ratio of α-elements to iron in galaxies holds valuable information about the star formation history (SFH) since their enrichment occurs on different timescales. The fossil record of stars in galaxies has mostly been excavated for passive galaxies, since the light of star-forming galaxies is dominated by young stars, which have much weaker atmospheric absorption features. Here we use the largest reference cosmological simulation of the EAGLE project to investigate the origin of variations in stellar α-enhancement among star-forming galaxies at z = 0, and their impact on integrated spectra. The definition of α-enhancement in a composite stellar population is ambiguous. We elucidate two definitions—termed “mean” and “galactic” α-enhancement—in more detail. While a star-forming galaxy has a high “mean” α-enhancement when its stars formed rapidly, a galaxy with a large “galactic” α-enhancement generally had a delayed SFH. We find that absorption-line strengths of Mg and Fe correlate with variations in α-enhancement. These correlations are strongest for the “galactic” α-enhancement. However, we show that these are mostly caused by other effects that are cross-correlated with α-enhancement, such as variations in the light-weighted age. This severely complicates the retrieval of α-enhancements in star-forming galaxies. The ambiguity is not severe for passive galaxies, and we confirm that spectral variations in these galaxies are caused by measurable variations in α-enhancements. We suggest that this more complex coupling between α-enhancement and SFHs can guide the interpretation of new observations of star-forming galaxies.},
  author       = {Gebek, Andrea and Matthee, Jorryt J},
  issn         = {1538-4357},
  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal},
  keywords     = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics},
  number       = {2},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{On the variation in stellar α-enhancements of star-forming galaxies in the EAGLE simulation}},
  doi          = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac350b},
  volume       = {924},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11521,
  abstract     = {The cosmic ionizing emissivity from star-forming galaxies has long been anchored to UV luminosity functions. Here, we introduce an emissivity framework based on Lyα emitters (LAEs), which naturally hones in on the subset of galaxies responsible for the ionizing background due to the intimate connection between production and escape of Lyα and LyC photons. Using constraints on the escape fractions of bright LAEs (LLyα > 0.2L*) at z ≈ 2 obtained from resolved Lyα profiles, and arguing for their redshift-invariance, we show that: (i) quasars and LAEs together reproduce the relatively flat emissivity at z ≈ 2–6, which is non-trivial given the strong evolution in both the star formation density and quasar number density at these epochs and (ii) LAEs produce late and rapid reionization between z ≈ 6−9 under plausible assumptions. Within this framework, the >10 × rise in the UV population-averaged fesc between z ≈ 3–7 naturally arises due to the same phenomena that drive the growing LAE fraction with redshift. Generally, a LAE dominated emissivity yields a peak in the distribution of the ionizing budget with UV luminosity as reported in latest simulations. Using our adopted parameters (⁠fesc=50 per cent⁠, ξion = 1025.9 Hz erg−1 for half the bright LAEs), a highly ionizing minority of galaxies with MUV < −17 accounts for the entire ionizing budget from star-forming galaxies. Rapid flashes of LyC from such rare galaxies produce a ‘disco’ ionizing background. We conclude proposing tests to further develop our suggested Lyα-anchored formalism.},
  author       = {Matthee, Jorryt J and Naidu, Rohan P. and Pezzulli, Gabriele and Gronke, Max and Sobral, David and Oesch, Pascal A. and Hayes, Matthew and Erb, Dawn and Schaerer, Daniel and Amorín, Ricardo and Tacchella, Sandro and Ana Paulino-Afonso, Ana Paulino-Afonso and Llerena, Mario and Calhau, João and Röttgering, Huub},
  issn         = {1365-2966},
  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  keywords     = {galaxies: high-redshift, intergalactic medium, cosmology: observations, dark ages, reionization, first stars, ultraviolet: galaxies},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {5960--5977},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{(Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright Lyα emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background}},
  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/stac801},
  volume       = {512},
  year         = {2022},
}

@misc{11542,
  author       = {Schulz, Rouven},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Source Data (Chimeric GPCRs mimic distinct signaling pathways and modulate microglia responses)}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:11542},
  year         = {2022},
}