@article{19846,
  abstract     = {The Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel Orai1 is activated by interaction with the Ca2+ sensor Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1). Owing to the lack of structurally resolved Orai1/STIM1 complexes, the impact of their coupling on individual Orai1 transmembrane domain (TM) movements is unclear. This study investigates STIM1-independent and STIM1-dependent Orai1-TM dynamics using photocrosslinking unnatural amino acids (UAAs) at each individual TM position. We primarily identify CRAC-channel-like currents directly after UAA incorporation or additional UV-light irradiation at TM3 sites that interface with non-pore-lining TMs. Using UAAs combined with conventional site-directed mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations, we discover that pore opening involves a widening of interfaces formed by TM3 with non-pore-lining TMs. Orai1 mutants with a UAA in TM3 exhibit weaker STIM1-induced activation after UV exposure, possibly caused by a restricted widening of non-pore-lining TM interfaces. We demonstrate that photocrosslinking UAAs are excellent tools for improving our understanding of key determinants and ion channel dynamics modulating pore opening.},
  author       = {Najjar, Hadil and Weiß, Sarah and Horvath, Ferdinand and Hopl, Valentina and Tiffner, Adéla and Höbarth, Lorenz and Söllner, Julia and Fröhlich, Maximilian and Prantl, Magdalena and Müller, Nora and Nazarenko, Yuliia and Harant, Selina and Weissenböck, Lukas and Grabmayr, Herwig and Sallinger, Matthias and Maltan, Lena and Echefu, Linda V. and Radiskovic, Tamara and Leopold, Melanie and Lindinger, Sonja and Humer, Christina and Höglinger, Carmen and Krobath, Heinrich and Renger, Thomas and Derler, Isabella},
  issn         = {2666-3864},
  journal      = {Cell Reports Physical Science},
  number       = {6},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{STIM1-induced widening of non-pore-lining TM interfaces is crucial for Orai1 pore opening}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.xcrp.2025.102623},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19847,
  abstract     = {Prussian blue (PB) and Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are a class of porous materials composed of transition metal cations, cyanide ligands, and alkali metal cations. Their ability to intercalate and deintercalate ions within their framework pores, coupled with the adaptability of their crystal structure to electrochemical changes, underpins their success in battery applications. PBAs with Fe or Co as the active site exhibit high redox potentials (vs SHE) and have been extensively explored as cathode materials, with well-documented chemistry, crystal structures, and electrochemical properties. In contrast, PBAs with Cr or Mn as the active site display lower redox potentials and remain significantly underexplored as anode materials. This gap has led to fewer reported compounds and a less comprehensive understanding of their structural and electrochemical behavior, leaving the field relatively opaque. In this perspective, we comprehensively analyze the challenges involved in producing and employing PBAs with low redox potentials as active battery materials. Conversely, we propose numerous horizons and ask fundamental questions that should pave the way for future research to advance the field.},
  author       = {Palacios Corella, Mario and Echevarría, Igor and Santana Santos, Carla and Schuhmann, Wolfgang and Ventosa, Edgar and Ibáñez, Maria},
  issn         = {1520-5002},
  journal      = {Chemistry of Materials},
  number       = {12},
  pages        = {4203--4226},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Prussian blue analogues as anode materials for battery applications: Complexities and horizons}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.5c00213},
  volume       = {37},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19848,
  abstract     = {Binding precedents (súmulas vinculantes) constitute a juridical instrument unique to the Brazilian legal system and whose objectives include the protection of the Federal Supreme Court against repetitive demands. Studies of the effectiveness of these instruments in decreasing the Court’s exposure to similar cases, however, indicate that they tend to fail in such a direction, with some of the binding precedents seemingly creating new demands. We empirically assess the legal impact of five binding precedents, 11, 14, 17, 26, and 37, at the highest Court level through their effects on the legal subjects they address. This analysis is only possible through the comparison of the Court’s ruling about the precedents’ themes before they are created, which means that these decisions should be detected through techniques of Similar Case Retrieval, which we tackle from the angle of Case Classification. The contributions of this article are therefore twofold: on the mathematical side, we compare the use of different methods of Natural Language Processing — TF-IDF, LSTM, Longformer, and regex — for Case Classification, whereas on the legal side, we contrast the inefficiency of these binding precedents with a set of hypotheses that may justify their repeated usage. We observe that the TF-IDF models performed slightly better than LSTM and Longformer when compared through common metrics; however, the deep learning models were able to detect certain important legal events that TF-IDF missed. On the legal side, we argue that the reasons for binding precedents to fail in responding to repetitive demand are heterogeneous and case-dependent, making it impossible to single out a specific cause. We identify five main hypotheses, which are found in different combinations in each of the precedents studied.},
  author       = {Tinarrage, Raphaël and Ennes, Henrique and Resck, Lucas and Gomes, Lucas T. and Ponciano, Jean R. and Poco, Jorge},
  issn         = {1572-8382},
  journal      = {Artificial Intelligence and Law},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Empirical analysis of binding precedent efficiency in Brazilian Supreme Court via case classification}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s10506-025-09458-6},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19852,
  abstract     = {Technology involving hybrid superconductor–semiconductor materials is a promising avenue for engineering quantum devices for information storage, manipulation, and transmission. Proximity-induced superconducting correlations are an essential part of such devices. While the proximity effect in the conduction band of common semiconductors is well understood, its manifestation in confined hole gases, realized for instance in germanium, is an active area of research. Lower-dimensional hole-based systems, particularly in germanium, are emerging as an attractive platform for a variety of solid-state quantum devices, due to their combination of efficient spin and charge control and long coherence times. The recent experimental realization of the proximity effect in germanium thus calls for a theoretical description that is tailored to hole gases. In this work, we propose a simple model to describe proximity-induced superconductivity in two-dimensional hole gases, incorporating both the heavy-hole (HH) and light-hole (LH) bands. We start from the Luttinger–Kohn model, introduce three parameters that characterize hopping across the superconductor–semiconductor interface, and derive explicit intraband and interband effective pairing terms for the HH and LH bands. Unlike previous approaches, our theory provides a quantitative relationship between induced pairings and interface properties. Restricting our general model to an experimentally relevant case where only the HH band crosses the chemical potential, we predict the coexistence of 𝑠-wave and 𝑑-wave singlet pairings, along with triplet-type pairings, and modified Zeeman and Rashba spin–orbit couplings. Our results thus present a starting point for theoretical modeling of quantum devices based on proximitized hole gases, fueling further progress in quantum technology.},
  author       = {Babkin, Serafim and Joecker, Benjamin and Flensberg, Karsten and Serbyn, Maksym and Danon, Jeroen},
  issn         = {2469-9969},
  journal      = {Physical Review B},
  number       = {21},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Superconducting proximity effect in two-dimensional hole gases}},
  doi          = {10.1103/k4jh-pnxy},
  volume       = {111},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19854,
  abstract     = {Asynchronous Boolean networks are a type of discrete dynamical system in which each variable can take one of two states, and a single variable state is updated in each time step according to pre-selected rules. Boolean networks are popular in systems biology due to their ability to model long-term biological phenotypes within a qualitative, predictive framework. Boolean networks model phenotypes as attractors, which are closely linked to minimal trap spaces (inescapable hypercubes in the system’s state space). In biological applications, attractors and minimal trap spaces are typically in one-to-one correspondence. However, this correspondence is not guaranteed: motif-avoidant attractors (MAAs) that lie outside minimal trap spaces are possible. MAAs are rare and poorly understood, despite recent efforts. In this contribution to the BMB & JMB Special Collection “Problems, Progress and Perspectives in Mathematical and Computational Biology”, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding MAAs and present several novel observations regarding their response to node deletion reductions and linear extensions of edges. We conduct large-scale computational studies on an ensemble of 14 000 models derived from published Boolean models of biological systems, and more than 100 million Random Boolean Networks. Our findings quantify the rarity of MAAs; in particular, we only observed MAAs in biological models after applying standard simplification methods, highlighting the role of network reduction in introducing MAAs into the dynamics. We also show that MAAs are fragile to linear extensions: in sparse networks, even a single linear node can disrupt virtually all MAAs. Motivated by this observation, we improve the upper bound on the number of delays needed to disrupt a motif-avoidant attractor.},
  author       = {Pastva, Samuel and Park, Kyu Hyong and Huvar, Ondřej and Rozum, Jordan C. and Albert, Réka},
  issn         = {1432-1416},
  journal      = {Journal of Mathematical Biology},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{An open problem: Why are motif-avoidant attractors so rare in asynchronous Boolean networks?}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00285-025-02235-8},
  volume       = {91},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19855,
  abstract     = {We present indirect constraints on the absolute escape fraction of ionizing photons (f_{\rm esc}^{\rm LyC}) of the system GN 42912 which comprises two luminous galaxies (M_{\rm UV} magnitudes of -20.89 and -20.37) at z\sim7.5, GN 42912-NE and GN 42912-SW, to determine their contribution to the ionizing photon budget of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). The high-resolution James Webb Space Telescope NIRSpec and NIRCam observations reveal the two galaxies are separated by only ~0.1" (0.5 kpc) on the sky and have a 358 km s^{-1} velocity separation. GN 42912-NE and GN 42912-SW are relatively massive for this redshift (log(M_\ast/M_\odot) \sim 8.4 and 8.9, respectively), with gas-phase metallicities of 18 per cent and 23 per cent solar, O_{32} ratios of 5.3 and >5.8, and \beta slopes of -1.92 and -1.51, respectively. We use the Mg II\lambda\lambda2796,2803 doublet to constrain f_{\rm esc}^{\rm LyC}. Mg II has an ionization potential close to that of neutral hydrogen and, in the optically thin regime, can be used as an indirect tracer of the LyC leakage. We establish realistic conservative upper limits on f_{\rm esc}^{\rm LyC} of 8.5 per cent for GN 42912-NE and 14 per cent for GN 42912-SW. These estimates align with f_{\rm esc}^{\rm LyC} trends observed with \beta, O_{32}, and the H\beta equivalent width at z<4. The small inferred ionized region sizes (<0.3 pMpc) around both galaxies indicate they have not ionized a significant fraction of the surrounding neutral gas. While these z>7 f_{\rm esc}^{\rm LyC} constraints do not decisively determine a specific reionization model, they support a minor contribution from these two relatively luminous galaxies to the EoR.},
  author       = {Gazagnes, S. and Chisholm, J. and Endsley, R. and Berg, D. A. and Leclercq, F. and Jurlin, N. and Saldana-Lopez, A. and Finkelstein, S. L. and Flury, S. R. and Guseva, N. G. and Henry, A. and Izotov, Y. I. and Jung, I. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Schaerer, D.},
  issn         = {1365-2966},
  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {2331--2348},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{A negligible contribution of two luminous z ∼7.5 galaxies to the ionizing photon budget of reionization}},
  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/staf768},
  volume       = {540},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19857,
  abstract     = {Bacteria have evolved a wide range of defence strategies to protect themselves against bacterial viruses (phages). Most known bacterial antiphage defence systems target phages with DNA genomes, which raises the question of how bacteria defend against phages with RNA genomes. Bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems that cleave intracellular RNA could potentially protect bacteria against RNA phages, but this has not been explored experimentally. In this study, we investigated the role of a model toxin–antitoxin system, MazEF, in protecting Escherichia coli against two RNA phage species. When challenged with these phages, the native presence of mazEF moderately reduced population susceptibility and increased the survival of individual E. coli cells. Genomic analysis further revealed an underrepresentation of the MazF cleavage site in genomes of RNA phages infecting E. coli, indicating selection against cleavage. These results show that, in addition to other physiological roles, RNA-degrading toxin–antitoxin systems may also help defend against RNA phages.},
  author       = {Nikolic, Nela and Pleska, Maros and Bergmiller, Tobias and Guet, Calin C},
  issn         = {1744-957X},
  journal      = {Biology Letters},
  number       = {6},
  publisher    = {The Royal Society},
  title        = {{A bacterial toxin-antitoxin system as a native defence element against RNA phages}},
  doi          = {10.1098/rsbl.2025.0080},
  volume       = {21},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{19858,
  abstract     = {Given a graph G that undergoes a sequence of edge insertions and deletions, we study the Maximum k-Edge Coloring problem (MkEC): Having access to k different colors, color as many edges of G as possible such that no two adjacent edges share the same color. While this problem is different from simply maintaining a b-matching with b = k, the two problems are related. However, maximum b-matching can be solved efficiently in the static setting, whereas MkEC is NP-hard and even APX-hard for k ≥ 2. 
We present new results on both problems: For b-matching, we show a new integrality gap result and we adapt Wajc’s matching sparsification scheme [David Wajc, 2020] for the case where b is a constant.
Using these as basis, we give three new algorithms for the dynamic MkEC problem: Our MatchO algorithm builds on the dynamic (2+ε)-approximation algorithm of Bhattacharya, Gupta, and Mohan [Sayan Bhattacharya et al., 2017] for b-matching and achieves a (2+ε)(k+1)/k-approximation in O(poly(log n, ε^-1)) update time against an oblivious adversary. Our MatchA algorithm builds on the dynamic (7+ε)-approximation algorithm by Bhattacharya, Henzinger, and Italiano [Sayan Bhattacharya et al., 2015] for fractional b-matching and achieves a (7+ε)(3k+3)/(3k-1)-approximation in O(poly(log n, ε^-1)) update time against an adaptive adversary. Moreover, our reductions use the dynamic b-matching algorithm as a black box, so any future improvement in the approximation ratio for dynamic b-matching will automatically translate into a better approximation ratio for our algorithms. Finally, we present a greedy algorithm with O(Δ+k) update time, which guarantees a 2.16 approximation factor.},
  author       = {El-Hayek, Antoine and Hanauer, Kathrin and Henzinger, Monika H},
  booktitle    = {4th Symposium on Algorithmic Foundations of Dynamic Networks},
  isbn         = {9783959773683},
  issn         = {1868-8969},
  location     = {Liverpool, United Kingdom},
  publisher    = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik},
  title        = {{On b-matching and fully-dynamic maximum k-edge coloring}},
  doi          = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SAND.2025.4},
  volume       = {330},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19859,
  abstract     = {We consider a recently introduced model of color-avoiding percolation (abbreviated CA-percolation) defined as follows. Every edge in a graph G is colored in some of k>=2 colors. Two vertices u and v in G are said to be CA-connected if u and v may be connected using any subset of k-1 colors. CA-connectivity defines an equivalence relation on the vertex set of G whose classes are called CA-components.
We study the component structure of a randomly colored Erdős–Rényi random graph of constant average degree. We distinguish three regimes for the size of the largest component: a supercritical regime, a so-called intermediate regime, and a subcritical regime, in which the largest CA-component has respectively linear, logarithmic, and bounded size. Interestingly, in the subcritical regime, the bound is deterministic and given by the number of colors.},
  author       = {Lichev, Lyuben and Schapira, Bruno},
  issn         = {2644-9463},
  journal      = {Annales Henri Lebesgue},
  pages        = {35--65},
  publisher    = {École normale supérieure de Rennes},
  title        = {{Color-avoiding percolation on the Erdős–Rényi random graph}},
  doi          = {10.5802/ahl.228},
  volume       = {8},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19876,
  abstract     = {Assortative mating and sexual selection are widespread in nature and can play an important role in speciation by facilitating the buildup and maintenance of reproductive isolation (RI). However, their contribution to genome-wide suppression of gene flow during RI is rarely quantified.
Here, we consider a polygenic “magic” trait that is divergently selected across two populations connected by migration, while also serving as the basis of assortative mating, thus generating sexual selection on one or both sexes. We obtain theoretical predictions for divergence at
individual trait loci by assuming that the effect of all other loci on any locus can be encapsulated via an effective migration rate, which bears a simple relationship to measurable fitness components of migrants and various early-generation hybrids. Our analysis clarifies how “tipping
points” (characterized by an abrupt collapse of adaptive divergence) arise, and when assortative mating can shift the critical level of migration beyond which divergence collapses. We quantify the relative contributions of viability and sexual selection to genome-wide barriers to gene
flow and discuss how these depend on existing divergence levels. Our results suggest that effective migration rates provide a useful way of understanding genomic divergence, even in scenarios involving multiple, interacting mechanisms of RI. },
  author       = {Surendranadh, Parvathy and Sachdeva, Himani},
  issn         = {1558-5646},
  journal      = {Evolution},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {1185--1198},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow}},
  doi          = {10.1093/evolut/qpaf047},
  volume       = {79},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{19877,
  abstract     = {As inference on Large Language Models (LLMs) emerges as an important workload in machine learning applications, model weight quantization has become a standard technique for efficient GPU deployment. Quantization not only reduces model size, but has also been shown to yield substantial speedups for single-user inference, due to reduced memory movement, with low accuracy impact. Yet, it remains a key open question whether speedups are achievable also in batched settings with multiple parallel clients, which are highly relevant for practical serving. It is unclear whether GPU kernels can be designed to remain practically memory-bound, while supporting the substantially increased compute requirements of batched workloads.
In this paper, we resolve this question positively by introducing a new design for Mixed-precision Auto-Regressive LINear kernels, called MARLIN. Concretely, given a model whose weights are compressed via quantization to, e.g., 4 bits per element, MARLIN shows that batchsizes up to 16-32 can be practically supported with close to maximum (4×) quantization speedup, and larger batchsizes up to 64-128 with gradually decreasing, but still significant, acceleration. MARLIN accomplishes this via a combination of techniques, such as asynchronous memory access, complex task scheduling and pipelining, and bespoke quantization support. Our experiments show that MARLIN's near-optimal performance on individual LLM layers across different scenarios can also lead to significant end-to-end LLM inference speedups (of up to 2.8×) when integrated with the popular vLLM open-source serving engine. Finally, we show that MARLIN is extensible to further compression techniques, like NVIDIA 2:4 sparsity, leading to additional speedups.},
  author       = {Frantar, Elias and Castro, Roberto L. and Chen, Jiale and Hoefler, Torsten and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGPLAN Annual Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming},
  isbn         = {9798400714436},
  location     = {Las Vegas, NV, United States},
  pages        = {239--251},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  title        = {{MARLIN: Mixed-precision auto-regressive parallel inference on Large Language Models}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3710848.3710871},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19878,
  abstract     = {Rock debris partially covers glaciers worldwide, with varying extents and distributions, and controls sub‐debris melt rates by modifying energy transfer from the atmosphere to the ice. Two key physical properties controlling this energy exchange are thermal conductivity (k) and aerodynamic roughness length (z0). Accurate representation of these properties in energy‐balance models is critical for understanding climate‐glacier interactions and predicting the behavior of debris‐covered glaciers. However, k and z0 have been derived at very few sites from limited local measurements, using different approaches, and most model applications rely on values reported from these few sites and studies. We derive k and z0 using established and modified approaches from data at three locations on Pirámide Glacier in the central Chilean Andes. By comparing methods and evaluating melt simulated with an energy‐balance model, we reveal substantial differences between approaches. These lead to discrepancies between ice melt from energy‐balance simulations and observed data, and highlight the impact of method choice on calculated ice melt. Optimizing k against measured melt appears a viable approach to constrain melt simulations. Determining z0 seems less critical, as it has a smaller impact on total melt. Profile aerodynamic method measurements for estimating z0, despite higher costs, are independent of ice melt calculations. The large, unexpected differences between methods indicate a substantial knowledge gap. The fact that field‐derived k and z0 fail to work well in energy‐balance models, suggests that model values represent bulk properties distinct from theoretical field measurements. Addressing this gap is essential for improving glacier melt predictions.},
  author       = {Melo Velasco, Juan Vicente and Miles, Evan and McCarthy, Michael and Shaw, Thomas and Fyffe, Catriona Louise and Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {2169-9011},
  journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
  number       = {6},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Method dependence in thermal conductivity and aerodynamic roughness length estimates on a debris‐covered glacier}},
  doi          = {10.1029/2025jf008360},
  volume       = {130},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19879,
  abstract     = {We consider the 4-precoloring extension problem in planar near-Eulerian- triangulations, i.e., plane graphs where all faces except possibly for the outer one have length three, all vertices not incident with the outer face have even degree, and exactly the vertices incident with the outer face are precolored. We give a necessary topological condition for the precoloring to extend, and give a complete characterization when the outer face has length at most five and when all vertices of the outer face have odd degree and are colored using only three colors.},
  author       = {Dvořák, Zdeněk and Moore, Benjamin and Seifrtová, Michaela and Šámal, Robert},
  issn         = {0195-6698},
  journal      = {European Journal of Combinatorics},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Precoloring extension in planar near-Eulerian-triangulations}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.ejc.2025.104138},
  volume       = {127},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19880,
  abstract     = {We investigate quantum transport in a two-dimensional electron system coupled to a chiral molecular potential, demonstrating how molecular chirality and orientation affect charge and spin transport properties. We propose a minimal model for realizing true chiral symmetry breaking on a magnetized surface, with a crucial role played by the tilt angle of the molecular dipole with respect to the surface. For non-zero tilting, we show that the Hall response exhibits clear signatures of chirality-induced effects, in both charge- and spin-resolved observables. Concerning the former, tilted enantiomers produce asymmetric Hall conductances and, even more remarkably, the persistence of this feature in the absence of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) signals how the enantiospecific charge response results from electron scattering off the molecular potential. Concerning spin-resolved observables where SOC plays a relevant role, we reveal that chiral symmetry breaking is crucial in enabling spin-flipping processes.},
  author       = {Al Hyder, Ragheed and Lemeshko, Mikhail and Cappellaro, Alberto},
  issn         = {1089-7690},
  journal      = {The Journal of Chemical Physics},
  number       = {23},
  publisher    = {AIP Publishing},
  title        = {{Quantum transport in the presence of a chiral molecular potential}},
  doi          = {10.1063/5.0271155},
  volume       = {162},
  year         = {2025},
}

@misc{19885,
  abstract     = {This .zip file contains the data to reproduce the figures and supplementary figures of "Automated All-RF Tuning for Spin Qubit Readout and Control" by Cornelius Carlsson and Jaime Saez-Mollejo et al.},
  author       = {Saez Mollejo, Jaime},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Automated All-RF Tuning for Spin Qubit Readout and Control}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:19885},
  year         = {2025},
}

@misc{19915,
  author       = {Springstein, Benjamin L},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Files for "Evolutionary repurposing of a DNA segregation machinery into a cytoskeletal system controlling cyanobacterial cell shape"}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:19915},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19928,
  abstract     = {Patho-mechanistic origins of ulcerative colitis are still poorly understood. The actin cross-linker filamin A (FLNA) impacts cellular responses through interaction with cytosolic proteins. Posttranscriptional A-to-I editing generates two forms of FLNA: genome-encoded FLNAQ and FLNAR. FLNA is edited in colon fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. We found that the FLNA editing status determines colitis severity. Editing was highest in healthy colons and reduced during murine and human colitis. Mice that exclusively express FLNAR were highly resistant to DSS-induced colitis, whereas fully FLNAQ animals developed severe inflammation. While the genetic induction of FLNA editing influenced transcriptional states of structural cells and microbiome composition, we found that FLNAR exerts protection specifically via myeloid cells, which are physiologically unedited. Introducing fixed FLNAR did not hamper cell migration but reduced macrophage inflammation and rendered neutrophils less prone to NETosis. Thus, loss of FLNA editing correlates with colitis severity, and targeted editing of myeloid cells serves as a novel therapeutic approach in intestinal inflammation.},
  author       = {Gawish, Riem and Varada, Rajagopal and Deckert, Florian and Hladik, Anastasiya and Steinbichl, Linda and Cimatti, Laura and Milanovic, Katarina and Jain, Mamta and Torgasheva, Natalya and Tanzer, Andrea and De Paepe, Kim and Van De Wiele, Tom and Hausmann, Bela and Lang, Michaela and Pechhacker, Martin and Ibrahim, Nahla and De Vries, Ingrid and Brostjan, Christine and Sixt, Michael K and Gasche, Christoph and Boon, Louis and Berry, David and Jantsch, Michael F. and Pereira, Fatima C. and Vesely, Cornelia},
  issn         = {1540-9538},
  journal      = {Journal of Experimental Medicine},
  number       = {9},
  publisher    = {Rockefeller University Press},
  title        = {{Filamin A editing in myeloid cells reduces intestinal inflammation and protects from colitis}},
  doi          = {10.1084/jem.20240109},
  volume       = {222},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19929,
  abstract     = {Context. The observed Lyman-alpha (Lyα) line profile is a convolution of the complex Lyα radiative transfer taking place in the interstellar, circumgalactic, and intergalactic media (ISM, CGM, and IGM, respectively). Discerning the different components of the Lyα line is crucial in order to use it as a probe of galaxy formation or the evolution of the IGM.

Aims. We aim to present the second version of zELDA (redshift Estimator for Line profiles of Distant Lyman-Alpha emitters), an open-source Python module focused on modelling and fitting observed Lyα line profiles. This new version of zELDA focuses on disentangling the galactic from the IGM effects.

Methods. We built realistic Lyα line profiles that include the ISM and IGM contributions by combining the Monte Carlo radiative-transfer simulations for the so-called shell model (ISM) and IGM transmission curves generated from TNG100. We used these mock line profiles to train different artificial neural networks. These use the observed spectrum as input and the outflow parameters of the best fitting ‘shell model’ as output along with the redshift and Lyα emission IGM escape fraction of the source.

Results. We measured the accuracy of zELDA on mock Lyα line profiles. We find that zELDA is capable of reconstructing the ISM emerging Lyα line profile with high levels of accuracy (Kolmogórov-Smirnov<0.1) for 95% of the cases for HST/COS-like observations and 80% for MUSE-WIDE-like observations. zELDA is able to measure the IGM transmission with typical uncertainties below 10% for HST/COS and MUSE-WIDE data.

Conclusions. This work represents a step forward in the high-precision reconstruction of IGM-attenuated Lyα line profiles. zELDA allows the disentanglement of the galactic and IGM contribution shaping the Lyα line shape and thus allows us to use Lyα as a tool to study galaxy and ISM evolution.},
  author       = {Gurung-López, Siddhartha and Byrohl, Chris and Gronke, Max and Spinoso, Daniele and Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto and Fernández-Soto, Alberto and Arnalte-Mur, Pablo and Martínez, Vicent J.},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{zELDA II: Reconstruction of galactic Lyman-alpha spectra attenuated by the intergalactic medium using neural networks}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202453547},
  volume       = {698},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19930,
  abstract     = {We present an analysis of the UV continuum slope, β, using a sample of 726 galaxies with z > 4, selected from a mixture of JWST ERS, GTO, and GO observational programs. We considered only spectroscopic data obtained with the low-resolution (R ∼ 30 − 300) PRISM/CLEAR NIRSpec configuration. Studying the correlation between β and MUV, we find an overall decreasing trend, described by β = ( − 0.055 ± 0.017)MUV + ( − 2.98 ± 0.34). This is consistent with previous studies, where brighter galaxies show redder β values. However, when analyzing the trend in separate redshift bins, we find that at high redshift the relation becomes much flatter and is consistent with a flat slope within 1σ. Furthermore, we find that β tends to decrease with redshift, following β = ( − 0.075 ± 0.010)z + ( − 1.496 ± 0.056). This is consistent with most recent results showing a steepening of the spectra at higher z. We selected a sample of galaxies with extremely blue slopes (i.e., β < −2.6). Such slopes are steeper than predicted by stellar evolution models – even for dust-free, young, metal-poor populations – when the contribution of nebular emission is included. We selected 44 extremely blue galaxies (XBGs) and investigated the possible physical origin of their steep slopes by comparing them to a subsample of redder galaxies (matched in Δz = ±0.5 and ΔMUV = ±0.2). We find that XBGs have younger stellar populations, stronger ionization fields, lower dust attenuation, and lower but not pristine metallicity (∼10% Z⊙) compared to red galaxies. However, these properties alone cannot explain the extreme β values. Using indirect inference of Lyman continuum escape with the most recent models, we estimated the escape fraction fesc > 10% in at least 25% of the XBGs, whereas all the red sources exhibit much lower fesc values. A reduced nebular continuum contribution – resulting from either a high escape fraction or a bursty star formation history – is likely the origin of the extremely blue slopes.},
  author       = {Dottorini, D. and Calabrò, A. and Pentericci, L. and Mascia, Sara and Llerena, M. and Napolitano, L. and Santini, P. and Roberts-Borsani, G. and Castellano, M. and Amorin, R. and Dickinson, M. and Fontana, A. and Hathi, N. and Hirschmann, M. and Koekemoer, A. M. and Lucas, R. A. and Merlin, E. and Morales, A. and Pacucci, F. and Wilkins, S. and Arrabal Haro, P. and Bagley, M. and Finkelstein, S. L. and Kartaltepe, J. and Papovich, C. and Pirzkal, N.},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Evolution of the UV slope of galaxies at cosmic morning (z > 4): The properties of extremely blue galaxies}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202453267},
  volume       = {698},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{19931,
  abstract     = {JWST observations have uncovered a new population of red, compact objects at high redshifts dubbed “little red dots” (LRDs), which typically show broad emission lines and are thought to be dusty active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Some of their other features, however, challenge the AGN explanation, such as prominent Balmer breaks and extremely faint or even missing metal high-ionization lines, X-ray, or radio emission, including in deep stacks. Time variability is another robust test of AGN activity. Here, we exploit the z = 7.045 multiply imaged LRD A2744-QSO1, which offers a particularly unique test of variability due to lensing-induced time delays between the three images spanning 22 yr (2.7 yr in the rest-frame), to investigate its photometric and spectroscopic variability. We find the equivalent widths (EWs) of the broad Hα and Hβ lines, which are independent of magnification and other systematics, to exhibit significant variations, of up to 18 ± 3% for Hα and up to 22 ± 8% in Hβ, on a timescale of 875 d (2.4 yr) in the rest-frame. This suggests that A2744-QSO1 is indeed an AGN. We find no significant photometric variability beyond the limiting systematic uncertainties, so it currently cannot be determined whether the EW variations are due to line-flux or continuum variability. These results are consistent with a typical damped random walk variability model for an AGN such as A2744-QSO1 (MBH = 4 × 107 M⊙) given the sparse sampling of the light curve with the available data. Our results therefore support the AGN interpretation of this LRD, and highlight the need for further photometric and spectroscopic monitoring in order to build a detailed and reliable light curve.},
  author       = {Furtak, Lukas J. and Secunda, Amy R. and Greene, Jenny E. and Zitrin, Adi and Labbé, Ivo and Golubchik, Miriam and Bezanson, Rachel and Kokorev, Vasily and Atek, Hakim and Brammer, Gabriel B. and Chemerynska, Iryna and Cutler, Sam E. and Dayal, Pratika and Feldmann, Robert and Fujimoto, Seiji and Glazebrook, Karl and Leja, Joel and Ma, Yilun and Matthee, Jorryt J and Naidu, Rohan P. and Nelson, Erica J. and Oesch, Pascal A. and Pan, Richard and Price, Sedona H. and Suess, Katherine A. and Wang, Bingjie and Weaver, John R. and Whitaker, Katherine E.},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Investigating photometric and spectroscopic variability in the multiply imaged little red dot A2744-QSO1}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202554110},
  volume       = {698},
  year         = {2025},
}