@article{20081, abstract = {Information measures can be constructed from Rényi divergences much like mutual information from Kullback-Leibler divergence. One such information measure is known as Sibson α-mutual information and has received renewed attention recently in several contexts: concentration of measure under dependence, statistical learning, hypothesis testing, and estimation theory. In this paper, we survey and extend the state of the art. In particular, we introduce variational representations for Sibson α-mutual information and employ them in each described context to derive novel results. Namely, we produce generalized Transportation-Cost inequalities and Fano-type inequalities. We also present an overview of known applications, spanning from learning theory and Bayesian risk to universal prediction.}, author = {Esposito, Amedeo Roberto and Gastpar, Michael and Issa, Ibrahim}, issn = {1557-9654}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Information Theory}, number = {7}, pages = {4434--4467}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Sibson α-mutual information and its variational representations}}, doi = {10.1109/TIT.2025.3587340}, volume = {72}, year = {2026}, } @phdthesis{22281, abstract = {In this thesis, we took a look at networks, and more specifically, at networks that change over time, whether those are networks in the distributed algorithms sense of the word, or the graph algorithm sense. In distributed algorithms, we looked at two main problems. First, the broadcast problem: given n agents, each agent is tasked to forward a (unique) message to every other agent. Agents collaborate and can copy and forward all messages they have received up until that point. Broadcast is achieved when one agent has successfully broadcast its message to everyone else. We studied the case where the communication network is controlled by an adversary, under the condition that the graph is rooted in every round of communication. We show that the adversary can delay broadcast for at most l (1 + √ 2)n m rounds, improving on the $O(n\log\log n)$ previous upper bound~\cite{fugger2020radius}, and asymptotically matching the $\sim 1.5n$ lower bound~\cite{schwarz2017linear}. We then looked at the stochastic version of the problem: here, the adversary -- parametrized by $k$ where $k=0$ signifies that the adversary has no control, and $k=n$ that the adversary has full control -- can choose parts of the graph, and the graph is then completed stochastically. Here, we are able to look at a stronger version of broadcast: instead of having $n$ messages trying to be broadcast in parallel, we can assume that only one message needs to be broadcasted. We show the bound $\Theta(k+\log n)$. Then, we looked at undecided states dynamics in population protocols: given a population of $n$ agents, where each initially holds an opinion among $k$ different ones. In each round, two agents are chosen uniformly at random, and can interact. If they have different opinions, they forget their opinions and become undecided. If one of them is undecided while the other has an opinion, they undecided agent copies they opinion of the decided one. The question is then, how many interactions does it take for the whole population to share the same opinion? We show a $\Omega(kn\log \frac {\sqrt n} {k \log n})$ lower bound for any $k = o\left(\frac {\sqrt n}{\log n}\right)$. This is tight for any $ k \le n^{\frac 1 2 - \epsilon}$, where $\epsilon >0$ can be any small constant, matching the known $O(kn\log n)$ upper bound for $k = O\left(\frac {\sqrt n} {\log ^2 n}\right)$~\cite{DBLP:conf/podc/AmirABBHKL23}. Finally, in dynamic algorithms, we study the minimum cut problem: we are given a graph, whose vertex set we want to partition into two subsets such that the number of edges crossing from one subset to the other is minimized. Then, the graph can be updated via edge insertions or deletions, and we must update the solution without recomputing everything from scratch. We present an exact fully-dynamic minimum cut algorithm that runs in $n^{o(1)}$ deterministic update time when the minimum cut size is at most $2^{\Theta(\log^{3/4-c}n)}$ for any $c>0$, improving on the previous algorithm~\cite{DBLP:conf/soda/JinST24} whose minimum cut size limit is $(\log n)^{o(1)}$. Using sparsification and randomization techniques, we are able to extend this to all values of the minimum cut in weighted graphs, at the cost of a $(1+o(1))$-approximation ratio.}, author = {El-Hayek, Antoine}, issn = {2663-337X}, pages = {244}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Handling updates and failures: Dynamic graph algorithms and distributed computing on dynamic networks}}, doi = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-22281}, year = {2026}, } @inproceedings{21720, abstract = {We present an exact fully-dynamic minimum cut algorithm that runs in 𝑛𝑜⁡(1) deterministic update time when the minimum cut size is at most 2Θ⁡(log3/4−𝑐⁡𝑛) for any 𝑐 >0, improving on the previous algorithm of Jin, Sun, and Thorup (SODA 2024) whose minimum cut size limit is (log⁡𝑛)𝑜⁡(1). Combined with graph sparsification, we obtain the first (1 +𝜖)-approximate fully-dynamic minimum cut algorithm on weighted graphs, for any 𝜖 ≥2−Θ⁡(log3/4−𝑐⁡𝑛), in 𝑛𝑜⁡(1) randomized update time. Our main technical contribution is a deterministic local minimum cut algorithm, which replaces the randomized LocalKCut procedure from El-Hayek, Henzinger, and Li (SODA 2025).}, author = {El-Hayek, Antoine and Henzinger, Monika H and Li, Jason}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Annual ACM SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms}, issn = {1557-9468}, location = {Vancouver, Canada}, pages = {613--663}, publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}, title = {{Deterministic and exact fully-dynamic minimum cut of superpolylogarithmic size in subpolynomial time}}, doi = {10.1137/1.9781611978971.25}, volume = {2026}, year = {2026}, } @article{22403, abstract = {Linear phase‐contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques compatible with high‐throughput 4D‐STEM acquisition are widely used to enhance phase contrast in weakly scattering and beam‐sensitive materials. In these modalities, contrast transfer is often suppressed at low spatial frequencies, resulting in a characteristic contrast gap that limits contrast. Approaches that retain low‐frequency phase contrast exist but typically require substantially increased experimental complexity, restricting routine use. Dark‐field STEM imaging captures this missing low‐frequency information through electrons scattered outside the bright‐field disk, but discards a large fraction of the scattered signal and is therefore dose‐inefficient. Fused Full‐field STEM (FF‐STEM) is introduced as a 4D‐STEM imaging modality that overcomes these limitations by combining ptychographic phase reconstruction with tilt‐corrected dark‐field imaging within a single acquisition. Bright‐field data are used to estimate probe aberrations and reconstruct a high‐resolution phase image, while dark‐field data provide complementary low‐frequency contrast. The two channels are fused in Fourier space using Wiener‐band weighting based on the spectral signal‐to‐noise ratio, yielding transfer‐gap‐free images with high contrast. FF‐STEM preserves the upsampling and depth‐sectioning capabilities of ptychography, adds robust low‐frequency contrast characteristic of dark‐field imaging, and enables dose‐efficient, near–real‐time reconstruction.}, author = {You, Shengbo and Varnavides, Georgios and Khavnekar, Sagar and Palatkin, Nikita and Shao, Sihan and Wu, Mingjian and Stroppa, Daniel and Chernikova, Darya and Zhu, Baixu and Egoavil, Ricardo and Vespucci, Stefano and Krishnan, Dileep and Ye, Xingchen and Schur, Florian KM and Spiecker, Erdmann and Pelz, Philipp}, issn = {2198-3844}, journal = {Advanced Science}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Gap‐free information transfer in 4D‐STEM via fusion of complementary scattering channels}}, doi = {10.1002/advs.76620}, year = {2026}, } @article{20655, abstract = {Traits that affect organismal fitness are often highly genetically variable. This genetic variation is vital for populations to adapt to their environments, but it is also surprising given that nature – after all – ‘selects’ the best genotypes at the expense of those that fall short. Explaining the extensive genetic variation of fitness‐related traits is thus a longstanding puzzle in evolutionary biology, with cascading implications for ecology, conservation, and human health. Balancing selection – an umbrella term for scenarios in which natural selection maintains genetic variation – is a century‐old explanation to resolve this puzzle that has gained recent momentum from genome‐scale methods for detecting it. Yet evaluating whether balancing selection can, in fact, resolve the puzzle is challenging, given the logistical constraints of distinguishing balancing selection from alternative hypotheses and the daunting collection of theoretical models that formally underpin this debate. Here, we track the development of balancing selection theory over the last century and provide an accessible review of this rich collection of models. We first outline the range of biological scenarios that can generate balancing selection. We then examine how fundamental features of genetic systems – non‐random mating between individuals, ploidy levels, genetic drift, linkage, and genetic architectures of traits – have been progressively incorporated into the theory. We end by linking these theoretical predictions to ongoing empirical efforts to understand the evolutionary processes that explain genetic variation.}, author = {Ruzicka, Filip and Zwoinska, Martyna K. and Goedert, Debora and Kokko, Hanna and Li Richter, Xiang‐Yi and Moodie, Iain R. and Nilén, Sofie and Olito, Colin and Svensson, Erik I. and Czuppon, Peter and Connallon, Tim}, issn = {1469-185X}, journal = {Biological Reviews}, keywords = {evolutionary theory, population genetics, balancing selection, heterozygote advantage, trade-offs, negative frequency-dependent selection, fitness variation, mathematical modelling}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{A century of theories of balancing selection}}, doi = {10.1111/brv.70103}, volume = {101}, year = {2026}, } @article{20670, abstract = {β-Barrel nanopores are involved in crucial biological processes, from ATP export in mitochondria to bacterial resistance, and represent a promising platform for emerging sequencing technologies. However, in contrast to ion channels, the understanding of the fundamental principles governing ion transport through these nanopores remains largely unexplored. Here we integrate experimental, numerical and theoretical approaches to elucidate ion transport mechanisms in β-barrel nanopores. We identify and characterize two distinct nonlinear phenomena: open-pore rectification and gating. Through extensive mutation analysis of aerolysin nanopores, we demonstrate that open-pore rectification is caused by ionic accumulation driven by the distribution of lumen charges. In addition, we provide converging evidence suggesting that gating is controlled by electric fields dissociating counterions from lumen charges, promoting local structural deformations. Our findings establish a rigorous framework for characterizing and understanding ion transport processes in protein-based nanopores, enabling the design of adaptable nanofluidic biotechnologies. We illustrate this by optimizing an aerolysin mutant for computing applications.}, author = {Mayer, Simon and Mitsioni, Marianna Fanouria and Robin, Paul and Van Den Heuvel, Lukas and Ronceray, Nathan and Marcaida, Maria Jose and Abriata, Luciano A. and Krapp, Lucien F. and Anton, Jana S. and Soussou, Sarah and Jeanneret-Grosjean, Justin and Fulciniti, Alessandro and Möller, Alexia and Vacle, Sarah and Feletti, Lely and Brinkerhoff, Henry and Laszlo, Andrew H. and Gundlach, Jens H. and Emmerich, Theo and Dal Peraro, Matteo and Radenovic, Aleksandra}, issn = {1748-3395}, journal = {Nature Nanotechnology}, pages = {116--124}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Lumen charge governs gated ion transport in β-barrel nanopores}}, doi = {10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6}, volume = {21}, year = {2026}, } @article{20814, abstract = {We characterize all semigroups sandwiched between the semigroup of a Dirichlet form and the semigroup of its active main part. In case the Dirichlet form is regular, we give a more explicit description of the quadratic forms of the sandwiched semigroups in terms of pairs consisting of an open set and a measure on an abstract boundary.}, author = {Keller, Matthias and Lenz, Daniel and Schmidt, Marcel and Schwarz, Michael and Wirth, Melchior}, issn = {1572-929X}, journal = {Potential Analysis}, keywords = {Dirichlet forms, Domination of semigroups, Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin boundary conditions}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Boundary representations of intermediate forms between a regular Dirichlet form and its active main part}}, doi = {10.1007/s11118-025-10251-y}, volume = {64}, year = {2026}, } @article{20657, abstract = {The Upper Bound Theorem for convex polytopes implies that the p-th Betti number of the Čech complex of any set of N points in ℝ^d and any radius satisfies β_p = O(N^m), with m = min{p+1, ⌈d/2⌉}. We construct sets in even and odd dimensions, which prove that this upper bound is asymptotically tight. For example, we describe a set of N = 2(n+1) points in ℝ³ and two radii such that the first Betti number of the Čech complex at one radius is (n+1)² - 1, and the second Betti number of the Čech complex at the other radius is n². }, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Pach, János}, issn = {1432-0444}, journal = {Discrete & Computational Geometry}, pages = {597--624}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Maximum Betti numbers of Čech complexes}}, doi = {10.1007/s00454-025-00796-5}, volume = {75}, year = {2026}, } @article{20725, abstract = {The canonical mechanism by which the phytohormone auxin regulates transcription has been one of the cornerstones of plant signaling. The recent unexpected discovery of cyclic AMP (cAMP) as a second messenger in this pathway has revised its foundations while leaving many open questions and gaps in our understanding; these will be discussed in this forum article.}, author = {Friml, Jiří}, issn = {1878-4372}, journal = {Trends in Plant Science}, number = {2}, pages = {136--138}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Role of cAMP in TIR1/AFB auxin signaling: Open issues}}, doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2025.10.018}, volume = {31}, year = {2026}, } @article{20636, abstract = {The versatile and pivotal roles of the phytohormone auxin in regulating plant growth and development are typically linked to its directional transport, relying on the polarized PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin exporters at the plasma membrane (PM). For decades, auxin has been proposed to promote PIN polarization, generating self-regulatory feedback mediating much of plant development, but mechanistic insight into this regulation is lacking. Here, we uncover an auxin-induced protein complex at the PM, containing auxin co-receptors transmembrane kinases (TMKs) and PIN1 auxin exporter, as the core machinery that underlies this feedback regulation. Auxin promotes PIN1 phosphorylation by TMKs, modulating PIN1 polarization and transport activity. We also provide evidence that PIN1-exported extracellular auxin is crucial for TMK activation and cell elongation, thus forming the simplest two-element self-regulatory feedback circuit. Thus, these findings offer direct mechanistic insights into a potential self-organizing circuit for auxin signaling and transport to ensure proper plant development in Arabidopsis.}, author = {Huang, R and Wang, J and Chang, M and Tang, W and Yu, Y and Zhang, Y and Peng, Y and Wang, Y and Guo, Y and Lu, T and Cao, Y and Zhou, Y and Zhang, Q and Huang, Y and Wu, A and Ren, L and Gallei, Michelle C and Dong, J and Chen, H and He, J and Wen, M and Friml, Jiří and Sun, L and Xiong, Y and Yang, Z and Xu, T}, issn = {1878-1551}, journal = {Developmental Cell}, number = {1}, pages = {73--84}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{TMK-PIN1 drives a short self-organizing circuit for auxin export and signaling in Arabidopsis}}, doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2025.09.009}, volume = {61}, year = {2026}, } @article{20963, abstract = {In all domains of life, tRNAs mediate the transfer of genetic information from mRNAs to proteins. As their depletion suppresses translation and, consequently, viral replication, tRNAs represent long-standing and increasingly recognized targets of innate immunity1,2,3,4,5. Here we report Cas12a3 effector nucleases from type V CRISPR–Cas adaptive immune systems in bacteria that preferentially cleave tRNAs after recognition of target RNA. Cas12a3 orthologues belong to one of two previously unreported nuclease clades that exhibit RNA-mediated cleavage of non-target RNA, and are distinct from all other known type V systems. Through cell-based and biochemical assays and direct RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that recognition of a complementary target RNA by the CRISPR RNA triggers Cas12a3 to cleave the conserved 5′-CCA-3′ tail of diverse tRNAs to drive growth arrest and anti-phage defence. Cryogenic electron microscopy structures further revealed a distinct tRNA-loading domain that positions the tRNA tail in the RuvC active site of the nuclease. By designing synthetic reporters that mimic the tRNA acceptor stem and tail, we expanded the capacity of current CRISPR-based diagnostics for multiplexed RNA detection. Overall, these findings reveal widespread tRNA inactivation as a previously unrecognized CRISPR-based immune strategy that broadens the application space of the existing CRISPR toolbox.}, author = {Dmytrenko, Oleg and Yuan, Biao and Crosby, Kadin T. and Krebel, Max and Chen, Xiye and Nowak, Jakub S. and Chramiec-Głąbik, Andrzej and Filani, Bamidele and Gribling-Burrer, Anne-Sophie and van der Toorn, Wiep and von Kleist, Max and Achmedov, Tatjana and Smyth, Redmond P. and Glatt, Sebastian and Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly and Heinz, Dirk W. and Jackson, Ryan N. and Beisel, Chase L.}, issn = {1476-4687}, journal = {Nature}, pages = {1312--1321}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{RNA-triggered Cas12a3 cleaves tRNA tails to execute bacterial immunity}}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09852-9}, volume = {649}, year = {2026}, } @article{21217, abstract = {This study investigates the mechanisms driving clustered convection and the breakdown of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the Western Pacific Warm Pool using high‐resolution cloud‐resolving simulations and machine‐learning sensitivity experiments. Results show that ITCZ breakdown episodes, marked by spatially homogeneous convection and weakened meridional moisture gradients, are triggered primarily by anomalous moisture advection linked to the equatorial Rossby‐wave activity. While large‐scale moisture advection regulates the background convective state strongly, it is the surface and low‐level meridional winds that dominate transitions between clustered and random convection. Simulations demonstrate that moisture alone can sustain convective clustering, but breakdown episodes are more persistent and widespread when coupled with southerly meridional advection. These findings confirm that wave‐driven advection acts as a regulatory mechanism, periodically disrupting convective clustering and reshaping the meridional moisture gradient. This modulation of organization by wave‐induced breakdown events is critical for understanding tropical convection variability and its implications for the climate system.}, author = {Casallas Garcia, Alejandro and Mark Tompkins, Adrian and Muller, Caroline J}, issn = {1477-870X}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, number = {777}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Moisture and wind effects of Rossby waves on Western Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone breakdown events}}, doi = {10.1002/qj.70131}, volume = {152}, year = {2026}, } @article{20986, abstract = {During complex vocal interactions, different features of acoustic stimuli are integrated to produce appropriate vocal responses,1 such as copying sounds during vocal matching behavior in some animals.2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 However, little is known about the interplay and possible trade-offs between the different temporal and spectral acoustic features during these vocal exchanges.2,13,14 Nightingales can flexibly match the pitch of their tonal “whistle songs” in real time during counter-singing duels.15,16 Here, we show that the syllable duration of whistle playbacks could alter the song responses of wild nightingales, causing their whistle duration distribution to shift toward the presented stimulus duration. When exposed to whistle playbacks featuring unnatural combinations of pitch and duration, nightingales demonstrate a flexible trade-off between pitch matching and temporal imitation, yet they are constrained by their vocal repertoire. They selectively adapted their vocal responses to approximate these novel stimuli, aligning them with their natural whistle repertoire. We developed a computational model of nightingale whistle-matching behavior that revealed a hierarchical organization of acoustic feature production. During whistle matching, the feature integration process is constrained by the duration of syllables, and pitch matching follows within this temporal framework, forcing a trade-off between the two features. Our findings reveal a complex interplay between the spectral and temporal domains that shapes song-matching behavior.}, author = {Calderon Garcia, Juan Sebastian and Costalunga, Giacomo and Vogels, Tim P and Vallentin, Daniela}, issn = {1879-0445}, journal = {Current Biology}, number = {3}, pages = {791--798.e6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Interplay between syllable duration and pitch during whistle matching in wild nightingales}}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2025.12.025}, volume = {36}, year = {2026}, } @article{21037, abstract = {The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remains a critical bottleneck in fuel cells and metal-air batteries due to the lack of highly efficient electrocatalysts. Here, we report a simple strategy for synthesizing a palladium-based heterostructured electrocatalyst supported on a carbon nitride matrix (PdH-Pd@CN), which exhibits remarkable ORR activity with a half-wave potential of 0.91 V and excellent durability in 0.1 M KOH. Within the heterostructure, hydrogen intercalation expands the Pd lattice, while interstitial hydrogen doping facilitates charge transfer from Pd to H owing to their electronegativity difference. These synergistic effects modulate the electronic structure, thereby enhancing both activity and stability. When employed in Zn-air batteries, PdH-Pd@CN delivers a maximum power density of 176 mW cm− (Liu et al., 2025) and capacity of 805 mAh g− (Sun et al., 2021) Zn. These findings demonstrate the strong potential of PdH-Pd@CN as an efficient ORR electrocatalyst for next-generation metal-air batteries and related energy technologies.}, author = {Shi, Changwei and Horta, Sharona and Ibáñez, Maria and Kallio, Tanja and Martínez-Alanis, Paulina R. and Wang, Xiang and Cabot, Andreu}, issn = {0009-2509}, journal = {Chemical Engineering Science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Hydrogen induced palladium-based heterojunction electrocatalysts to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction performance}}, doi = {10.1016/j.ces.2026.123348}, volume = {324}, year = {2026}, } @article{21006, abstract = {Modern experimental methods in programmable self-assembly make it possible to precisely design particle concentrations, shapes and interactions. However, more physical insight is needed before we can take full advantage of this vast design space to assemble nanostructures with complex form and function. Here we show how a substantial part of this design space can be quickly and comprehensively understood by identifying a class of thermodynamic constraints that act on it. These thermodynamic constraints form a high-dimensional convex polyhedron that determines which nanostructures can be assembled at high equilibrium yield and reveals limitations that govern the coexistence of structures. We validate our predictions through detailed, quantitative assembly experiments of nanoscale particles synthesized using DNA origami. Our results uncover physical relationships underpinning many-component programmable self-assembly in equilibrium and form the basis for robust inverse design, applicable to various systems from biological protein complexes to synthetic nanomachines.}, author = {Hübl, Maximilian and Videbæk, Thomas E. and Hayakawa, Daichi and Rogers, W. Benjamin and Goodrich, Carl Peter}, issn = {1745-2481}, journal = {Nature Physics}, pages = {294--301}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{A polyhedral structure controls programmable self-assembly}}, doi = {10.1038/s41567-025-03120-3}, volume = {22}, year = {2026}, } @article{20975, abstract = {Galaxy clusters are the most massive, gravitationally bound structures in the Universe. They emerged through hierarchical structure formation of large-scale dark matter and baryon overdensities. Early galaxy ‘proto-clusters’ are believed to have substantially contributed to the cosmic star-formation rate density and served as ‘hotspots’ for the reionization of the intergalactic medium. Our understanding of the formation of these structures at the earliest cosmic epochs is, however, limited to sparse observations of their galaxy members or is based on phenomenological models and cosmological simulations. Here we report the detection of a large and coherent structure of neutral atomic hydrogen gas (H i) extending from a galaxy proto-cluster at redshift z = 5.4, one billion years after the Big Bang. The presence of this H i gas is revealed by strong damped Lyman-α absorption features observed in several background-galaxy spectra. Although the sight lines overall probe a large range in H i column densities, NHI = 1020 cm−2 to 1023.5 cm−2, they are similar across nearby sight lines, demonstrating that they probe the same dense neutral gas. This observation of a dense large-scale overdensity of cold neutral gas challenges current cosmological simulations and has strong implications for the reionization topology of the Universe.}, author = {Heintz, Kasper E. and Bennett, Jake S. and Oesch, Pascal A. and Sneppen, Albert and Rennehan, Douglas and Pollock, Clara L. and Witstok, Joris and Smit, Renske and Vejlgaard, Simone and Terp, Chamilla and Koca, Umran S. and Brammer, Gabriel B. and Finlator, Kristian and Hayes, Matthew J. and Sijacki, Debora and Naidu, Rohan P. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Valentino, Francesco and Tanvir, Nial R. and Jakobsson, Páll and Laursen, Peter and Watson, Darach J. and Davé, Romeel and Keating, Laura C. and Covelo-Paz, Alba}, issn = {2397-3366}, journal = {Nature Astronomy}, pages = {448--456}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{A dense web of neutral gas in a galaxy proto-cluster post-reionization}}, doi = {10.1038/s41550-025-02745-x}, volume = {10}, year = {2026}, } @article{21036, abstract = {Forests under livestock grazing sustain important ecosystem services but face potential trade-offs between production and ecological integrity. While the effects of grazing on individual forest attributes are well documented, their integrated consequences remain poorly understood, particularly in temperate forest ecosystems. We evaluated the combined influence of livestock grazing intensity and canopy cover on individual attributes and ecosystem multifunctionality in native Nothofagus forests of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Across eight ranches spanning two agroecological regions (Ecotone and Mountain Range), we quantified forest regeneration, understorey richness and biomass, and soil properties, integrating them into a multifunctionality index. Using generalized linear mixed models, we found strong context-dependence: in the Mountain Range, higher grazing intensity reduced seedling and sapling density, organic matter content, coarse woody debris, and overall multifunctionality. In the Ecotone, these effects of livestock use intensity were attenuated, and canopy cover diminished sapling density and multifunctionality, but moderate cover enhanced understorey. Our results extend multifunctionality research from grazed grasslands to grazed temperate forests and show that ecological responses and trade-offs vary across landscape units. We conclude that the Mountain Range is more vulnerable to grazing, requiring stricter management, whereas the Ecotone retains greater capacity to sustain multifunctionality under controlled livestock use intensity. These findings underscore the importance of region-specific silvopastoral strategies that reconcile food production with forest conservation in southern Patagonia and comparable temperate forest landscapes worldwide.}, author = {Rodríguez, Paula and Cruz Alonso, Verónica and Romano, Silvina and Bustamante, Gimena and Soler Schaller, Rosina Matilde}, issn = {0167-8809}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Context-dependent effects of livestock grazing on forest attributes and ecosystem multifunctionality in Nothofagus forests}}, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2026.110219}, volume = {400}, year = {2026}, } @article{20818, abstract = {This study demonstrates that Marchantia non-canonical PINs are predominantly localized to the plasma membrane, with MpPINX and MpPINW exhibiting asymmetric distribution. A newly identified miniW domain within the MpPINW hydrophilic loop governs subcellular trafficking and asymmetric PM localization of non-canonical PINs in Marchantia.}, author = {Tang, Han and Smoljan, Adrijana and Zou, Minxia and Zhang, Yuzhou and Lu, Kuan Ju and Friml, Jiří}, issn = {1365-3040}, journal = {Plant Cell and Environment}, number = {3}, pages = {1505--1508}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{The miniW domain directs polarized membrane localization of non-canonical PINs in Marchantia polymorpha}}, doi = {10.1111/pce.70295}, volume = {49}, year = {2026}, } @article{21453, abstract = {1. Collective behaviours are a fascinating study area due to the emergent properties that can only arise in groups of interacting individuals. However, their quantitative study is often impaired by technical difficulties, creating either low-quality and sparse data or impractical data amounts, particularly when capturing large groups over long periods of time. Common challenges arise from recording group members with as little obscuring of each other as possible, as well as in generating manageable data amounts with as high as possible information content. 2. We here provide a multicomponent system that allows to record, analyse and simulate the long-term spatiotemporal activity patterns of insect collectives, especially ant colonies. Our Ant Observing System, ALTAA, comprises a flat-nest design to prevent occlusion of individuals, a recording system running on a low-power single-board-computer, and a set of computer programmes performing quantitative analyses to guide the formation and validation of rules underlying the observed collective patterns. Our system is scalable in that it allows parallel, continuous observation of a high number of colonies using low memory space, with colony maintenance requirements (e.g. feeding, nest humidity) being achieved at lowest possible disturbance by the experimenter. 3. We showcase the potential of the system in a study using the black garden ant, Lasius niger, where we analyse the spatiotemporal effects of different group sizes (1, 6, 10 ants), brood (larvae) presence or absence, as well as of different nest geometries, over a period of 1 week. We show that the ants' motion activity has a weak periodicity in the range of 20 to 120 min promoted by larval presence, and that ants are spatially attracted to their larvae, the water source and the walls. We also find that the presence of nestmates lowers an individual ant's motion activity. Observed data are compared to simulations of the temporal activity of the ants. 4. ALTAA provides a powerful toolkit to quantify and interpret spatial and temporal collective activity patterns in (social) insects over extended periods.}, author = {Oh, Jinook and Cremer, Sylvia}, issn = {2041-210X}, journal = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution}, number = {4}, pages = {1218--1234}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{ALTAA: Analysis of long-term activity patterns in ant colonies}}, doi = {10.1111/2041-210x.70277}, volume = {17}, year = {2026}, } @article{21295, abstract = {Depending on the type of flow, the transition to turbulence can take one of two forms: either turbulence arises from a sequence of instabilities or from the spatial proliferation of transiently chaotic domains, a process analogous to directed percolation. The former scenario is commonly referred to as a supercritical transition and frequently encountered in flows destabilized by body forces, whereas the latter subcritical transition is common in shear flows. Both cases are inherently continuous in a sense that the transformation from ordered laminar to fully turbulent fluid motion is only accomplished gradually with flow speed. Here we show that these established transition types do not account for the more general setting of shear flows subject to body forces. The combination of the two continuous scenarios leads to the attenuation of spatial coupling; with increasing forcing amplitude, the transition becomes increasingly sharp and eventually discontinuous. We argue that the suppression of laminar–turbulent coexistence and the approach towards a discontinuous phase transition potentially apply to a broad range of situations including flows subject to, for example, buoyancy, centrifugal or electromagnetic forces.}, author = {Yang, Bowen and Zhuang, Yi and Yalniz, Gökhan and Vasudevan, Mukund and Marensi, Elena and Hof, Björn}, issn = {1745-2481}, journal = {Nature Physics}, pages = {424--429}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Discontinuous transition to shear flow turbulence}}, doi = {10.1038/s41567-025-03166-3}, volume = {22}, year = {2026}, }