@article{12575,
  abstract     = {The current Chilean megadrought has led to acute water shortages in central Chile since 2010. Glaciers have provided vital fresh water to the region's rivers, but the quantity, timing and sustainability of that provision remain unclear. Here we combine in-situ, remote sensing and climate reanalysis data to show that from 2010 to 2018 during the megadrought, unsustainable imbalance ablation of glaciers (ablation not balanced by new snowfall) strongly buffered the late-summer discharge of the Maipo River, a primary source of water to Santiago. If there had been no glaciers, water availability would have been reduced from December through May, with a 31 ± 19% decrease during March. Our results indicate that while the annual contributions of imbalance ablation to river discharge during the megadrought have been small compared to those from precipitation and sustainable balance ablation, they have nevertheless been a substantial input to a hydrological system that was already experiencing high water stress. The water-equivalent volume of imbalance ablation generated in the Maipo Basin between 2010 and 2018 was 740 × 106 m3 (19 ± 12 mm yr−1), approximately 3.4 times the capacity of the basin's El Yeso Reservoir. This is equivalent to 14% of Santiago's potable water use in that time, while total glacier ablation was equivalent to 59%. We show that glacier retreat will exacerbate river discharge deficits and further jeopardize water availability in central Chile if precipitation deficits endure, and conjecture that these effects will be amplified by climatic warming.},
  author       = {McCarthy, Michael and Meier, Fabienne and Fatichi, Simone and Stocker, Benjamin D. and Shaw, Thomas E. and Miles, Evan and Dussaillant, Inés and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {2328-4277},
  journal      = {Earth's Future},
  keywords     = {Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), General Environmental Science},
  number       = {10},
  publisher    = {American Geophysical Union},
  title        = {{Glacier contributions to river discharge during the current Chilean megadrought}},
  doi          = {10.1029/2022ef002852},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12576,
  abstract     = {Glacier health across High Mountain Asia (HMA) is highly heterogeneous and strongly governed by regional climate, which is variably influenced by monsoon dynamics and the westerlies. We explore four decades of glacier energy and mass balance at three climatically distinct sites across HMA by utilising a detailed land surface model driven by bias-corrected Weather Research and Forecasting meteorological forcing. All three glaciers have experienced long-term mass losses (ranging from −0.04 ± 0.09 to −0.59 ± 0.20 m w.e. a<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) consistent with widespread warming across the region. However, complex and contrasting responses of glacier energy and mass balance to the patterns of the Indian Summer Monsoon were evident, largely driven by the role snowfall timing, amount and phase. A later monsoon onset generates less total snowfall to the glacier in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau during May–June, augmenting net shortwave radiation and affecting annual mass balance (−0.5 m w.e. on average compared to early onset years). Conversely, timing of the monsoon’s arrival has limited impact for the Nepalese Himalaya which is more strongly governed by the temperature and snowfall amount during the core monsoon season. In the arid central Tibetan Plateau, a later monsoon arrival results in a 40 mm (58%) increase of May–June snowfall on average compared to early onset years, likely driven by the greater interaction of westerly storm events. Meanwhile, a late monsoon cessation at this site sees an average 200 mm (192%) increase in late summer precipitation due to monsoonal storms. A trend towards weaker intensity monsoon conditions in recent decades, combined with long-term warming patterns, has produced predominantly negative glacier mass balances for all sites (up to 1 m w.e. more mass loss in the Nepalese Himalaya compared to strong monsoon intensity years) but sub-regional variability in monsoon timing can additionally complicate this response.},
  author       = {Shaw, T E and Miles, E S and Chen, D and Jouberton, A and Kneib, M and Fugger, S and Ou, T and Lai, H-W and Fujita, K and Yang, W and Fatichi, S and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1748-9326},
  journal      = {Environmental Research Letters},
  keywords     = {Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Environmental Science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment},
  number       = {10},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Multi-decadal monsoon characteristics and glacier response in High Mountain Asia}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac9008},
  volume       = {17},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12577,
  abstract     = {Glaciers are key components of the mountain water towers of Asia and are vital for downstream domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. The glacier mass loss rate over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau is among the highest in Asia and has accelerated in recent decades. This acceleration has been attributed to increased warming, but the mechanisms behind these glaciers’ high sensitivity to warming remain unclear, while the influence of changes in precipitation over the past decades is poorly quantified. Here, we reconstruct glacier mass changes and catchment runoff since 1975 at a benchmark glacier, Parlung No. 4, to shed light on the drivers of recent mass losses for the monsoonal, spring-accumulation glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau. Our modeling demonstrates how a temperature increase (mean of 0.39<jats:sup>∘</jats:sup>C ⋅dec<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>since 1990) has accelerated mass loss rates by altering both the ablation and accumulation regimes in a complex manner. The majority of the post-2000 mass loss occurred during the monsoon months, caused by simultaneous decreases in the solid precipitation ratio (from 0.70 to 0.56) and precipitation amount (–10%), leading to reduced monsoon accumulation (–26%). Higher solid precipitation in spring (+18%) during the last two decades was increasingly important in mitigating glacier mass loss by providing mass to the glacier and protecting it from melting in the early monsoon. With bare ice exposed to warmer temperatures for longer periods, icemelt and catchment discharge have unsustainably intensified since the start of the 21st century, raising concerns for long-term water supply and hazard occurrence in the region.},
  author       = {Jouberton, Achille and Shaw, Thomas E. and Miles, Evan and McCarthy, Michael and Fugger, Stefan and Ren, Shaoting and Dehecq, Amaury and Yang, Wei and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1091-6490},
  journal      = {PNAS},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {37},
  publisher    = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Warming-induced monsoon precipitation phase change intensifies glacier mass loss in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2109796119},
  volume       = {119},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12578,
  abstract     = {Currently, about 12 %–13 % of High Mountain Asia’s glacier area is debris-covered, which alters its surface mass balance. However, in regional-scale modelling approaches, debris-covered glaciers are typically treated as clean-ice glaciers, leading to a bias when modelling their future evolution. Here, we present a new approach for modelling debris area and thickness evolution, applicable from single glaciers to the global scale. We derive a parameterization and implement it as a module into the Global Glacier Evolution Model (GloGEMflow), a combined mass-balance ice-flow model. The module is initialized with both glacier-specific observations of the debris' spatial distribution and estimates of debris thickness. These data sets account for the fact that debris can either enhance or reduce surface melt depending on thickness. Our model approach also enables representing the spatiotemporal evolution of debris extent and thickness. We calibrate and evaluate the module on a selected subset of glaciers and apply GloGEMflow using different climate scenarios to project the future evolution of all glaciers in High Mountain Asia until 2100. Explicitly accounting for debris cover has only a minor effect on the projected mass loss, which is in line with previous projections. Despite this small effect, we argue that the improved process representation is of added value when aiming at capturing intra-glacier scales, i.e. spatial mass-balance distribution.
Depending on the climate scenario, the mean debris-cover fraction is expected to increase, while mean debris thickness is projected to show only minor changes, although large local thickening is expected. To isolate the influence of explicitly accounting for supraglacial debris cover, we re-compute glacier evolution without the debris-cover module. We show that glacier geometry, area, volume, and flow velocity evolve differently, especially at the level of individual glaciers. This highlights the importance of accounting for debris cover and its spatiotemporal evolution when projecting future glacier changes.},
  author       = {Compagno, Loris and Huss, Matthias and Miles, Evan Stewart and McCarthy, Michael James and Zekollari, Harry and Dehecq, Amaury and Pellicciotti, Francesca and Farinotti, Daniel},
  issn         = {1994-0424},
  journal      = {The Cryosphere},
  keywords     = {Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {1697--1718},
  publisher    = {Copernicus Publications},
  title        = {{Modelling supraglacial debris-cover evolution from the single-glacier to the regional scale: An application to High Mountain Asia}},
  doi          = {10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022},
  volume       = {16},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12579,
  abstract     = {The Indian and East Asian summer monsoons shape the melt and accumulation patterns of glaciers in High Mountain Asia in complex ways due to the interaction of persistent cloud cover, large temperature ranges, high atmospheric water content and high precipitation rates. Glacier energy- and mass-balance modelling using in situ measurements offers insights into the ways in which surface processes are shaped by climatic regimes. In this study, we use a full energy- and mass-balance model and seven on-glacier automatic weather station datasets from different parts of the Central and Eastern Himalaya to investigate how monsoon conditions influence the glacier surface energy and mass balance. In particular, we look at how debris-covered and debris-free glaciers respond differently to monsoonal conditions.
The radiation budget primarily controls the melt of clean-ice glaciers, but turbulent fluxes play an important role in modulating the melt energy on debris-covered glaciers. The sensible heat flux decreases during core monsoon, but the latent heat flux cools the surface due to evaporation of liquid water. This interplay of radiative and turbulent fluxes causes debris-covered glacier melt rates to stay almost constant through the different phases of the monsoon. Ice melt under thin debris, on the other hand, is amplified by both the dark surface and the turbulent fluxes, which intensify melt during monsoon through surface heating and condensation.
Pre-monsoon snow cover can considerably delay melt onset and have a strong impact on the seasonal mass balance. Intermittent monsoon snow cover lowers the melt rates at high elevation. This work is fundamental to the understanding of the present and future Himalayan cryosphere and water budget, while informing and motivating further glacier- and catchment-scale research using process-based models.},
  author       = {Fugger, Stefan and Fyffe, Catriona L. and Fatichi, Simone and Miles, Evan and McCarthy, Michael and Shaw, Thomas E. and Ding, Baohong and Yang, Wei and Wagnon, Patrick and Immerzeel, Walter and Liu, Qiao and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1994-0424},
  journal      = {The Cryosphere},
  keywords     = {Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {1631--1652},
  publisher    = {Copernicus Publications},
  title        = {{Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of glaciers in the Central and Eastern Himalaya}},
  doi          = {10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022},
  volume       = {16},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12580,
  abstract     = {River systems originating from the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) are dominated by runoff from snow and glacier melt and summer monsoonal rainfall. These water resources are highly stressed as huge populations of people living in this region depend on them, including for agriculture, domestic use, and energy production. Projections suggest that the UIB region will be affected by considerable (yet poorly quantified) changes to the seasonality and composition of runoff in the future, which are likely to have considerable impacts on these supplies. Given how directly and indirectly communities and ecosystems are dependent on these resources and the growing pressure on them due to ever-increasing demands, the impacts of climate change pose considerable adaptation challenges. The strong linkages between hydroclimate, cryosphere, water resources, and human activities within the UIB suggest that a multi- and inter-disciplinary research approach integrating the social and natural/environmental sciences is critical for successful adaptation to ongoing and future hydrological and climate change. Here we use a horizon scanning technique to identify the Top 100 questions related to the most pressing knowledge gaps and research priorities in social and natural sciences on climate change and water in the UIB. These questions are on the margins of current thinking and investigation and are clustered into 14 themes, covering three overarching topics of “governance, policy, and sustainable solutions”, “socioeconomic processes and livelihoods”, and “integrated Earth System processes”. Raising awareness of these cutting-edge knowledge gaps and opportunities will hopefully encourage researchers, funding bodies, practitioners, and policy makers to address them.},
  author       = {Orr, Andrew and Ahmad, Bashir and Alam, Undala and Appadurai, ArivudaiNambi and Bharucha, Zareen P. and Biemans, Hester and Bolch, Tobias and Chaulagain, Narayan P. and Dhaubanjar, Sanita and Dimri, A. P. and Dixon, Harry and Fowler, Hayley J. and Gioli, Giovanna and Halvorson, Sarah J. and Hussain, Abid and Jeelani, Ghulam and Kamal, Simi and Khalid, Imran S. and Liu, Shiyin and Lutz, Arthur and Mehra, Meeta K. and Miles, Evan and Momblanch, Andrea and Muccione, Veruska and Mukherji, Aditi and Mustafa, Daanish and Najmuddin, Omaid and Nasimi, Mohammad N. and Nüsser, Marcus and Pandey, Vishnu P. and Parveen, Sitara and Pellicciotti, Francesca and Pollino, Carmel and Potter, Emily and Qazizada, Mohammad R. and Ray, Saon and Romshoo, Shakil and Sarkar, Syamal K. and Sawas, Amiera and Sen, Sumit and Shah, Attaullah and Shah, M. Azeem Ali and Shea, Joseph M. and Sheikh, Ali T. and Shrestha, Arun B. and Tayal, Shresth and Tigala, Snehlata and Virk, Zeeshan T. and Wester, Philippus and Wescoat, James L.},
  issn         = {2328-4277},
  journal      = {Earth's Future},
  keywords     = {Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), General Environmental Science},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {American Geophysical Union},
  title        = {{Knowledge priorities on climate change and water in the Upper Indus Basin: A horizon scanning exercise to identify the Top 100 research questions in social and natural sciences}},
  doi          = {10.1029/2021ef002619},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12581,
  abstract     = {Topographic development via paraglacial slope failure (PSF) represents a complex interplay between geological structure, climate, and glacial denudation. Southeastern Tibet has experienced amongst the highest rates of ice mass loss in High Mountain Asia in recent decades, but few studies have focused on the implications of this mass loss on the stability of paraglacial slopes. We used repeat satellite- and unpiloted aerial vehicle (UAV)-derived imagery between 1990 and 2020 as the basis for mapping PSFs from slopes adjacent to Hailuogou Glacier (HLG), a 5 km long monsoon temperate valley glacier in the Mt. Gongga region. We observed recent lowering of the glacier tongue surface at rates of up to 0.88 m a−1 in the period 2000 to 2016, whilst overall paraglacial bare ground area (PBGA) on glacier-adjacent slopes increased from 0.31 ± 0.27 km2 in 1990 to 1.38 ± 0.06 km2 in 2020. Decadal PBGA expansion rates were ∼ 0.01 km2 a−1, 0.02 km2 a−1, and 0.08 km2 in the periods 1990–2000, 2000–2011, and 2011–2020 respectively, indicating an increasing rate of expansion of PBGA. Three types of PSFs, including rockfalls, sediment-mantled slope slides, and headward gully erosion, were mapped, with a total area of 0.75 ± 0.03 km2 in 2020. South-facing valley slopes (true left of the glacier) exhibited more destabilization (56 % of the total PSF area) than north-facing (true right) valley slopes (44 % of the total PSF area). Deformation of sediment-mantled moraine slopes (mean 1.65–2.63 ± 0.04 cm d−1) and an increase in erosion activity in ice-marginal tributary valleys caused by a drop in local base level (gully headward erosion rates are 0.76–3.39 cm d−1) have occurred in tandem with recent glacier downwasting. We also observe deformation of glacier ice, possibly driven by destabilization of lateral moraine, as has been reported in other deglaciating mountain glacier catchments. The formation, evolution, and future trajectory of PSFs at HLG (as well as other monsoon-dominated deglaciating mountain areas) are related to glacial history, including recent rapid downwasting leading to the exposure of steep, unstable bedrock and moraine slopes, and climatic conditions that promote slope instability, such as very high seasonal precipitation and seasonal temperature fluctuations that are conducive to freeze–thaw and ice segregation processes.},
  author       = {Zhong, Yan and Liu, Qiao and Westoby, Matthew and Nie, Yong and Pellicciotti, Francesca and Zhang, Bo and Cai, Jialun and Liu, Guoxiang and Liao, Haijun and Lu, Xuyang},
  issn         = {2196-632X},
  journal      = {Earth Surface Dynamics},
  keywords     = {Earth-Surface Processes, Geophysics},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {23--42},
  publisher    = {Copernicus Publications},
  title        = {{Intensified paraglacial slope failures due to accelerating downwasting of a temperate glacier in Mt. Gongga, southeastern Tibetan Plateau}},
  doi          = {10.5194/esurf-10-23-2022},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12582,
  abstract     = {Supraglacial debris covers 7% of mountain glacier area globally and generally reduces glacier surface melt. Enhanced energy absorption at ice cliffs and supraglacial ponds scattered across the debris surface leads these features to contribute disproportionately to glacier-wide ablation. However, the degree to which cliffs and ponds actually increase melt rates remains unclear, as these features have only been studied in a detailed manner for selected locations, almost exclusively in High Mountain Asia. In this study we model the surface energy balance for debris-covered ice, ice cliffs, and supraglacial ponds with a set of automatic weather station records representing the global prevalence of debris-covered glacier ice. We generate 5000 random sets of values for physical parameters using probability distributions derived from literature, which we use to investigate relative melt rates and to isolate the melt responses of debris, cliffs and ponds to the site-specific meteorological forcing. Modelled sub-debris melt rates are primarily controlled by debris thickness and thermal conductivity. At a reference thickness of 0.1 m, sub-debris melt rates vary considerably, differing by up to a factor of four between sites, mainly attributable to air temperature differences. We find that melt rates for ice cliffs are consistently 2–3× the melt rate for clean glacier ice, but this melt enhancement decays with increasing clean ice melt rates. Energy absorption at supraglacial ponds is dominated by latent heat exchange and is therefore highly sensitive to wind speed and relative humidity, but is generally less than for clean ice. Our results provide reference melt enhancement factors for melt modelling of debris-covered glacier sites, globally, while highlighting the need for direct measurement of debris-covered glacier surface characteristics, physical parameters, and local meteorological conditions at a variety of sites around the world.},
  author       = {Miles, E S and Steiner, J F and Buri, P and Immerzeel, W W and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1748-9326},
  journal      = {Environmental Research Letters},
  keywords     = {Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Environmental Science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment},
  number       = {6},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Controls on the relative melt rates of debris-covered glacier surfaces}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac6966},
  volume       = {17},
  year         = {2022},
}

@inproceedings{12664,
  abstract     = {Randomized smoothing is currently considered the state-of-the-art method to obtain certifiably robust classifiers. Despite its remarkable performance, the method is associated with various serious problems such as “certified accuracy waterfalls”, certification vs. accuracy trade-off, or even fairness issues. Input-dependent smoothing approaches have been proposed with intention of overcoming these flaws. However, we demonstrate that these methods lack formal guarantees and so the resulting certificates are not justified. We show that in general, the input-dependent smoothing suffers from the curse of dimensionality, forcing the variance function to have low semi-elasticity. On the other hand, we provide a theoretical and practical framework that enables the usage of input-dependent smoothing even in the presence of the curse of dimensionality, under strict restrictions. We present one concrete design of the smoothing variance function and test it on CIFAR10 and MNIST. Our design mitigates some of the problems of classical smoothing and is formally underlined, yet further improvement of the design is still necessary.},
  author       = {Súkeník, Peter and Kuvshinov, Aleksei and Günnemann, Stephan},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Machine Learning},
  location     = {Baltimore, MD, United States},
  pages        = {20697--20743},
  publisher    = {ML Research Press},
  title        = {{Intriguing properties of input-dependent randomized smoothing}},
  volume       = {162},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12670,
  abstract     = {DNA methylation plays essential homeostatic functions in eukaryotic genomes. In animals, DNA methylation is also developmentally regulated and, in turn, regulates development. In the past two decades, huge research effort has endorsed the understanding that DNA methylation plays a similar role in plant development, especially during sexual reproduction. The power of whole-genome sequencing and cell isolation techniques, as well as bioinformatics tools, have enabled recent studies to reveal dynamic changes in DNA methylation during germline development. Furthermore, the combination of these technological advances with genetics, developmental biology and cell biology tools has revealed functional methylation reprogramming events that control gene and transposon activities in flowering plant germlines. In this review, we discuss the major advances in our knowledge of DNA methylation dynamics during male and female germline development in flowering plants.},
  author       = {He, Shengbo and Feng, Xiaoqi},
  issn         = {1744-7909},
  journal      = {Journal of Integrative Plant Biology},
  keywords     = {Plant Science, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biochemistry},
  number       = {12},
  pages        = {2240--2251},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{DNA methylation dynamics during germline development}},
  doi          = {10.1111/jipb.13422},
  volume       = {64},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12671,
  abstract     = {Sperm chromatin is typically transformed by protamines into a compact and transcriptionally inactive state1,2. Sperm cells of flowering plants lack protamines, yet they have small, transcriptionally active nuclei with chromatin condensed through an unknown mechanism3,4. Here we show that a histone variant, H2B.8, mediates sperm chromatin and nuclear condensation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss of H2B.8 causes enlarged sperm nuclei with dispersed chromatin, whereas ectopic expression in somatic cells produces smaller nuclei with aggregated chromatin. This result demonstrates that H2B.8 is sufficient for chromatin condensation. H2B.8 aggregates transcriptionally inactive AT-rich chromatin into phase-separated condensates, which facilitates nuclear compaction without reducing transcription. Reciprocal crosses show that mutation of h2b.8 reduces male transmission, which suggests that H2B.8-mediated sperm compaction is important for fertility. Altogether, our results reveal a new mechanism of nuclear compaction through global aggregation of unexpressed chromatin. We propose that H2B.8 is an evolutionary innovation of flowering plants that achieves nuclear condensation compatible with active transcription.},
  author       = {Buttress, Toby and He, Shengbo and Wang, Liang and Zhou, Shaoli and Saalbach, Gerhard and Vickers, Martin and Li, Guohong and Li, Pilong and Feng, Xiaoqi},
  issn         = {1476-4687},
  journal      = {Nature},
  number       = {7936},
  pages        = {614--622},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Histone H2B.8 compacts flowering plant sperm through chromatin phase separation}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41586-022-05386-6},
  volume       = {611},
  year         = {2022},
}

@unpublished{12677,
  abstract     = {In modern sample-driven Prophet Inequality, an adversary chooses a sequence of n items with values v1,v2,…,vn to be presented to a decision maker (DM). The process follows in two phases. In the first phase (sampling phase), some items, possibly selected at random, are revealed to the DM, but she can never accept them. In the second phase, the DM is presented with the other items in a random order and online fashion. For each item, she must make an irrevocable decision to either accept the item and stop the process or reject the item forever and proceed to the next item. The goal of the DM is to maximize the expected value as compared to a Prophet (or offline algorithm) that has access to all information. In this setting, the sampling phase has no cost and is not part of the optimization process. However, in many scenarios, the samples are obtained as part of the decision-making process.
We model this aspect as a two-phase Prophet Inequality where an adversary chooses a sequence of 2n items with values v1,v2,…,v2n and the items are randomly ordered. Finally, there are two phases of the Prophet Inequality problem with the first n-items and the rest of the items, respectively. We show that some basic algorithms achieve a ratio of at most 0.450. We present an algorithm that achieves a ratio of at least 0.495. Finally, we show that for every algorithm the ratio it can achieve is at most 0.502. Hence our algorithm is near-optimal.},
  author       = {Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Mohammadi, Mona and Saona Urmeneta, Raimundo J},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  title        = {{Repeated prophet inequality with near-optimal bounds}},
  doi          = {10.48550/ARXIV.2209.14368},
  year         = {2022},
}

@unpublished{12750,
  abstract     = {Quantum kinetically constrained models have recently attracted significant attention due to their anomalous dynamics and thermalization. In this work, we introduce a hitherto unexplored family of kinetically constrained models featuring a conserved particle number and strong inversion-symmetry breaking due to facilitated hopping. We demonstrate that these models provide a generic example of so-called quantum Hilbert space fragmentation, that is manifested in disconnected sectors in the Hilbert space that are not apparent in the computational basis. Quantum Hilbert space fragmentation leads to an exponential in system size number of eigenstates with exactly zero entanglement entropy across several bipartite cuts. These eigenstates can be probed dynamically using quenches from simple initial product states. In addition, we study the particle spreading under unitary dynamics launched from the domain wall state, and find faster than diffusive dynamics at high particle densities, that crosses over into logarithmically slow relaxation at smaller densities. Using a classically simulable cellular automaton, we reproduce the logarithmic dynamics observed in the quantum case. Our work suggests that particle conserving constrained models with inversion symmetry breaking realize so far unexplored universality classes of dynamics and invite their further theoretical and experimental studies.},
  author       = {Brighi, Pietro and Ljubotina, Marko and Serbyn, Maksym},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  title        = {{Hilbert space fragmentation and slow dynamics in particle-conserving quantum East models}},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2210.15607},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12776,
  abstract     = {An improved asymptotic formula is established for the number of rational points of bounded height on the split smooth del Pezzo surface of degree 5. The proof uses the five conic bundle structures on the surface.},
  author       = {Browning, Timothy D},
  issn         = {1076-9803},
  journal      = {New York Journal of Mathematics},
  pages        = {1193 -- 1229},
  publisher    = {State University of New York},
  title        = {{Revisiting the Manin–Peyre conjecture for the split del Pezzo surface of degree 5}},
  volume       = {28},
  year         = {2022},
}

@unpublished{12860,
  abstract     = {Memorization of the relation between entities in a dataset can lead to privacy issues when using a trained model for question answering. We introduce Relational Memorization (RM) to understand, quantify and control this phenomenon. While bounding general memorization can have detrimental effects on the performance of a trained model, bounding RM does not prevent effective learning. The difference is most pronounced when the data distribution is long-tailed, with many queries having only few training examples: Impeding general memorization prevents effective learning, while impeding only relational memorization still allows learning general properties of the underlying concepts. We formalize the notion of Relational Privacy (RP) and, inspired by Differential Privacy (DP), we provide a possible definition of Differential Relational Privacy (DrP). These notions can be used to describe and compute bounds on the amount of RM in a trained model. We illustrate Relational Privacy concepts in experiments with large-scale models for Question Answering.},
  author       = {Bombari, Simone and Achille, Alessandro and Wang, Zijian and Wang, Yu-Xiang and Xie, Yusheng and Singh, Kunwar Yashraj and Appalaraju, Srikar and Mahadevan, Vijay and Soatto, Stefano},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  title        = {{Towards differential relational privacy and its use in question answering}},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2203.16701},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12923,
  abstract     = {Photoredox-mediated Ni-catalyzed cross-couplings are powerful transformations to form carbon–heteroatom bonds and are generally photocatalyzed by noble metal complexes. Low-cost and easy-to-prepare carbon dots (CDs) are attractive quasi-homogeneous photocatalyst alternatives, but their applicability is limited by their short photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes. By tuning the surface and PL properties of CDs, we designed colloidal CD nano-photocatalysts for a broad range of Ni-mediated cross-couplings between aryl halides and nucleophiles. In particular, a CD decorated with amino groups permitted coupling to a wide range of aryl halides and thiols under mild, base-free conditions. Mechanistic studies suggested dynamic quenching of the CD excited state by the Ni co-catalyst and identified that pyridinium iodide (pyHI), a previously used additive in metallaphotocatalyzed cross-couplings, can also act as a photocatalyst in such transformations.},
  author       = {Zhao, Zhouxiang and Pieber, Bartholomäus and Delbianco, Martina},
  issn         = {2155-5435},
  journal      = {ACS Catalysis},
  keywords     = {Catalysis, General Chemistry},
  number       = {22},
  pages        = {13831--13837},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Modulating the surface and photophysical properties of carbon dots to access colloidal photocatalysts for cross-couplings}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acscatal.2c04025},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12924,
  abstract     = {We demonstrate that several visible-light-mediated carbon−heteroatom cross-coupling reactions can be carried out using a photoactive NiII precatalyst that forms in situ from a nickel salt and a bipyridine ligand decorated with two carbazole groups (Ni(Czbpy)Cl2). The activation of this precatalyst towards cross-coupling reactions follows a hitherto undisclosed mechanism that is different from previously reported light-responsive nickel complexes that undergo metal-to-ligand charge transfer. Theoretical and spectroscopic investigations revealed that irradiation of Ni(Czbpy)Cl2 with visible light causes an initial intraligand charge transfer event that triggers productive catalysis. Ligand polymerization affords a porous, recyclable organic polymer for heterogeneous nickel catalysis of cross-coupling reactions. The heterogeneous catalyst shows stable performance in a packed-bed flow reactor during a week of continuous operation.},
  author       = {Cavedon, Cristian and Gisbertz, Sebastian and Reischauer, Susanne and Vogl, Sarah and Sperlich, Eric and Burke, John H. and Wallick, Rachel F. and Schrottke, Stefanie and Hsu, Wei‐Hsin and Anghileri, Lucia and Pfeifer, Yannik and Richter, Noah and Teutloff, Christian and Müller‐Werkmeister, Henrike and Cambié, Dario and Seeberger, Peter H. and Vura‐Weis, Josh and van der Veen, Renske M. and Thomas, Arne and Pieber, Bartholomäus},
  issn         = {1521-3773},
  journal      = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  keywords     = {General Chemistry, Catalysis},
  number       = {46},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Intraligand charge transfer enables visible‐light‐mediated Nickel‐catalyzed cross-coupling reactions}},
  doi          = {10.1002/anie.202211433},
  volume       = {61},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12938,
  abstract     = {In this work, a feed-forward artificial neural network (FF-ANN) design capable of locating eigensolutions to Schrödinger's equation via self-supervised learning is outlined. Based on the input potential determining the nature of the quantum problem, the presented FF-ANN strategy identifies valid solutions solely by minimizing Schrödinger's equation encoded in a suitably designed global loss function. In addition to benchmark calculations of prototype systems with known analytical solutions, the outlined methodology was also applied to experimentally accessible quantum systems, such as the vibrational states of molecular hydrogen H2 and its isotopologues HD and D2 as well as the torsional tunnel splitting in the phenol molecule. It is shown that in conjunction with the use of SIREN activation functions a high accuracy in the energy eigenvalues and wavefunctions is achieved without the requirement to adjust the implementation to the vastly different range of input potentials, thereby even considering problems under periodic boundary conditions.},
  author       = {Gamper, Jakob and Kluibenschedl, Florian and Weiss, Alexander K. H. and Hofer, Thomas S.},
  issn         = {1463-9076},
  journal      = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics},
  keywords     = {Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy},
  number       = {41},
  pages        = {25191--25202},
  publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  title        = {{From vibrational spectroscopy and quantum tunnelling to periodic band structures – a self-supervised, all-purpose neural network approach to general quantum problems}},
  doi          = {10.1039/d2cp03921d},
  volume       = {24},
  year         = {2022},
}

@misc{13064,
  abstract     = {Genetically informed, deep-phenotyped biobanks are an important research resource and it is imperative that the most powerful, versatile, and efficient analysis approaches are used. Here, we apply our recently developed Bayesian grouped mixture of regressions model (GMRM) in the UK and Estonian Biobanks and obtain the highest genomic prediction accuracy reported to date across 21 heritable traits. When compared to other approaches, GMRM accuracy was greater than annotation prediction models run in the LDAK or LDPred-funct software by 15% (SE 7%) and 14% (SE 2%), respectively, and was 18% (SE 3%) greater than a baseline BayesR model without single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers grouped into minor allele frequency–linkage disequilibrium (MAF-LD) annotation categories. For height, the prediction accuracy R 2 was 47% in a UK Biobank holdout sample, which was 76% of the estimated h SNP 2 . We then extend our GMRM prediction model to provide mixed-linear model association (MLMA) SNP marker estimates for genome-wide association (GWAS) discovery, which increased the independent loci detected to 16,162 in unrelated UK Biobank individuals, compared to 10,550 from BoltLMM and 10,095 from Regenie, a 62 and 65% increase, respectively. The average χ2 value of the leading markers increased by 15.24 (SE 0.41) for every 1% increase in prediction accuracy gained over a baseline BayesR model across the traits. Thus, we show that modeling genetic associations accounting for MAF and LD differences among SNP markers, and incorporating prior knowledge of genomic function, is important for both genomic prediction and discovery in large-scale individual-level studies.},
  author       = {Orliac, Etienne and Trejo Banos, Daniel and Ojavee, Sven and Läll, Kristi and Mägi, Reedik and Visscher, Peter and Robinson, Matthew Richard},
  publisher    = {Dryad},
  title        = {{Improving genome-wide association discovery and genomic prediction accuracy in biobank data}},
  doi          = {10.5061/DRYAD.GTHT76HMZ},
  year         = {2022},
}

@misc{13066,
  abstract     = {Chromosomal inversions have been shown to play a major role in local adaptation by suppressing recombination between alternative arrangements and maintaining beneficial allele combinations. However, so far, their importance relative to the remaining genome remains largely unknown. Understanding the genetic architecture of adaptation requires better estimates of how loci of different effect sizes contribute to phenotypic variation. Here, we used three Swedish islands where the marine snail Littorina saxatilis has repeatedly evolved into two distinct ecotypes along a habitat transition. We estimated the contribution of inversion polymorphisms to phenotypic divergence while controlling for polygenic effects in the remaining genome using a quantitative genetics framework. We confirmed the importance of inversions but showed that contributions of loci outside inversions are of similar magnitude, with variable proportions dependent on the trait and the population. Some inversions showed consistent effects across all sites, whereas others exhibited site-specific effects, indicating that the genomic basis for replicated phenotypic divergence is only partly shared. The contributions of sexual dimorphism as well as environmental factors to phenotypic variation were significant but minor compared to inversions and polygenic background. Overall, this integrated approach provides insight into the multiple mechanisms contributing to parallel phenotypic divergence.},
  author       = {Koch, Eva and Ravinet, Mark and Westram, Anja M and Jonannesson, Kerstin and Butlin, Roger},
  publisher    = {Dryad},
  title        = {{Data from: Genetic architecture of repeated phenotypic divergence in Littorina saxatilis ecotype evolution}},
  doi          = {10.5061/DRYAD.M905QFV4B},
  year         = {2022},
}