@article{21762, abstract = {Bacteria, like eukaryotes, use conserved cytoskeletal systems for intracellular organization. The plasmid-encoded ParMRC system forms actin-like filaments that segregate low–copy number plasmids. In multicellular cyanobacteria such as Anabaena sp., we found that a chromosomally encoded ParMR system has evolved into a cytoskeletal system named CorMR with a function in cell shape control rather than DNA segregation. Live-cell imaging, in vitro reconstitution, and cryo–electron microscopy revealed that CorM formed dynamically unstable, antiparallel double-stranded filaments that were recruited to the membrane by CorR through an amphipathic helix conserved in multicellular cyanobacteria. CorMR filaments were regulated by MinC, which excluded them from the poles and division plane. Comparative genomics indicated that the repurposing of ParMR and Min systems coevolved with cyanobacterial multicellularity, highlighting the evolutionary plasticity of cytoskeletal systems in bacteria.}, author = {Springstein, Benjamin L and Javoor, Manjunath and Megrian, Daniela and Hajdu, Roman and Hanke, Dustin M. and Zens, Bettina and Weiss, Gregor L. and Schur, Florian Km and Loose, Martin}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6795}, publisher = {AAAS}, title = {{Repurposing of a DNA segregation machinery into a cytoskeletal system controlling cell shape}}, doi = {10.1126/science.aea6343}, volume = {392}, year = {2026}, } @article{22751, abstract = {The physical processes that led to the formation of billion-solar-mass black holes within the first 700 million years of cosmic time, a period known as cosmic dawn, remain a puzzle1. Several theoretical scenarios have been proposed to seed and rapidly grow black holes2,3,4, but direct observations of these mechanisms remain elusive. Here we present a source 660 million years after the Big Bang that exhibits singular properties: among the largest hydrogen Balmer breaks reported at any redshift, broad multi-peaked Hβ emission, and Balmer line absorption in several transitions. We model this source as an enshrouded black hole in which the Balmer break and absorption features are a result of extremely dense, turbulent gas forming a dust-free envelope around a supermassive black hole5,6. This source may provide evidence of an early black hole embedded in dense gas—a theoretical configuration proposed to rapidly grow black holes by super-Eddington accretion7,8. Radiation from the black hole seems to dominate almost all observed light, leaving limited room for contribution from its host galaxy. If the source merged with its brighter neighbour, it would resemble the recently discovered ‘little red dots’ with perplexing spectral energy distributions9,10,11. The redness of the black hole is due to gas, not dust12,13, and scattering, not kinematics, gives rise to the complex line shapes and luminosities—black hole masses of these sources may therefore be overestimated by orders of magnitude.}, author = {Naidu, Rohan P. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Katz, Harley and De Graaff, Anna and Oesch, Pascal A. and Smith, Aaron and Greene, Jenny E. and Brammer, Gabriel and Weibel, Andrea and Hviding, Raphael and Chisholm, John and Labbé, Ivo and Simcoe, Robert A. and Witten, Callum and Sun, Wendy Q. and Atek, Hakim and Baggen, Josephine F.W. and Belli, Sirio and Bezanson, Rachel and Boogaard, Leindert A. and Bose, Sownak and Bouwens, Rychard J. and Covelo-Paz, Alba and Dayal, Pratika and Fudamoto, Yoshinobu and Furtak, Lukas J. and Giovinazzo, Emma and Goulding, Andy and Gronke, Max and Heintz, Kasper E. and Hirschmann, Michaela and Illingworth, Garth and Inoue, Akio K. and Johnson, Benjamin D. and Leja, Joel and Leonova, Ecaterina and Mcconachie, Ian and Maseda, Michael V. and Natarajan, Priyamvada and Nelson, Erica and Setton, David J. and Shivaei, Irene and Sobral, David and Stefanon, Mauro and Tacchella, Sandro and Toft, Sune and Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto and Van Dokkum, Pieter and Van Der Wel, Arjen and Volonteri, Marta and Walter, Fabian and Wang, Bingjie and Watson, Darach and Whitaker, Katherine}, issn = {1476-4687}, journal = {Nature}, number = {8127}, pages = {329--333}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{A gas-enshrouded and gas-reddened black hole at cosmic dawn}}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-026-10846-4}, volume = {656}, year = {2026}, } @article{22750, abstract = {Robust oxygenic photosynthesis requires the efficient assembly and repair of the multi-subunit oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII) complex. Previous cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of PSII assembly/disassembly intermediates have relied on the analysis of deletion mutants or removal of PSII subunits in vitro. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of naturally occurring dimeric PSII intermediates from the cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vestitus at a resolution of about 2.2 Å. These intermediates contain inactive dimers lacking the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) and semi-active dimers with the OEC present in one of the two monomers. Our structural data provide a mechanism for how assembly and disassembly of the Mn4CaO5 cluster is coordinated with the binding and release of the extrinsic proteins: restructuring of the C-terminal tail of D1 subunit during assembly or disassembly of the Mn cluster triggers conformational changes in D2, CP47 and CP43 to drive the binding/release of the extrinsic proteins. A combination of structural and mass spectrometry data also suggests that the inactive PSII complexes may include damaged complexes containing oxidized D1-His332, a monodentate ligand to one of the Mn ions of the OEC.}, author = {Zhao, Ziyu and Vercellino, Irene and Whitelegge, Julian P. and Maghlaoui, Karim and Białek, Wojciech and Nixon, Peter J. and Sazanov, Leonid A}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Cryo-EM structures of naturally occurring dimeric photosystem II complexes lacking the Mn4CaO5 cluster}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-75324-x}, volume = {17}, year = {2026}, } @article{22752, abstract = {In this note we outline a new and simple approach to proving central limit theorems for various ‘global’ graph parameters that have robust ‘local’ approximations, using the Efron–Stein inequality, which relies on a combinatorial analysis of the stability of these approximations under resampling an edge. As an application, we give short proofs of a central limit theorem for the order of the giant component and of the 𝑘 -core for sparse random graphs.}, author = {Anastos, Michael and Erde, Joshua and Kang, Mihyun and Pfenninger, Vincent}, issn = {1469-2120}, journal = {Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{A short proof of a central limit theorem for the order of the giant component and k-core}}, doi = {10.1112/blms.70464}, volume = {58}, year = {2026}, } @inproceedings{22754, abstract = {Quantitative automata (QAs) extend finite-state automata on infinite words with weighted transitions to specify quantitative system properties. However, their finite weight sets rule out properties like average response time, where response times can be arbitrarily large. Nested quantitative automata (NQAs) overcome this limitation: a parent automaton spawns child automata to compute unbounded values over finite infixes and aggregates them into a final result. Despite this expressiveness, NQAs have lacked practical tool support to date. We close this gap by extending the Quantitative Automata Kit (QuAK), a software tool for QA analysis, to support NQAs. Our core contribution is implementing a suite of flattening procedures that reduce NQAs to QAs, leveraging QuAK’s existing decision procedures. These reductions preserve the answers to threshold decision problems, while allowing users to specify properties in the more expressive NQA formalism. The tool handles all combinations of parent aggregators (including limits and averages) and child functions (extrema and monotonic or bounded summations) for which emptiness and universality are known to be decidable. Experiments on response-time and resource-consumption benchmarks demonstrate QuAK’s effectiveness.}, author = {Henzinger, Thomas A and Mazzocchi, Nicolas Adrien and Sarac, Naci E and Yılmaz, Harun}, booktitle = {38th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification}, isbn = {9783032325259}, issn = {1611-3349}, location = {Lisbon, Portugal}, pages = {418--432}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Extending QuAK with nested quantitative automata}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-32526-6_20}, volume = {16683}, year = {2026}, } @article{22755, abstract = {The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) posits how isolated quantum many-body systems thermalize, assuming that individual eigenstates at the same energy density have identical expectation values of local observables in the limit of large systems. While the ETH apparently holds across a wide range of interacting quantum systems, in this work, we show that it may require generalization in the presence of thermal first-order phase transitions. We introduce a class of all-to-all spin models, featuring first-order thermal phase transitions that stem from two distinct local maxima of entropy (two mean-field solutions that we dub “branches”) that exchange dominance in the many-body density of states as the energy is varied. We argue that, for energies in the vicinity of the thermal phase transition, eigenstate expectation values do not need to converge to the same thermal value. The system has a regime with coexistence of two classes of eigenstates corresponding to the two branches with distinct expectation values at the same energy density and another regime with Schrödinger-cat-like eigenstates that are interbranch superpositions; these two regimes are separated by an eigenstate phase transition. We propose a more general form of the ETH , support our results by semiclassical calculations and an exact diagonalization study of a microscopic spin model, and argue that the structure of eigenstates in the vicinity of thermal first-order phase transitions can be experimentally probed via nonequilibrium dynamics.}, author = {Serbyn, Maksym and Avdoshkin, Alexander and Diessel, Oriana K. and Huse, David A.}, issn = {2160-3308}, journal = {Physical Review X}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Eigenstate thermalization in thermal first-order phase transitions}}, doi = {10.1103/4zs8-7kf4}, volume = {16}, year = {2026}, } @article{22753, abstract = {Radial glial progenitors (RGPs) produce all excitatory neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. Mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM)-based lineage tracing in vivo has revealed a quantitative framework of RGP lineage progression1. Here we established MADM technology2,3 in mouse embryonic stem cells to probe RGP lineage progression in a self-organizing cortical organoid system. We found that RGPs exhibit a high level of plasticity in proliferative potential in organoids rather than strict temporally stereotyped lineage progression as observed in vivo. RGPs in organoids showed increased lineage restriction, diminishing cell-type diversity in clones of cortical projection neurons, despite uniform single-cell transcriptional signatures of RGPs and a unitary lineage trajectory. Thus, critical non-cell-autonomous cues that are absent in self-organizing systems and/or the genuine stem cell niche are essential for faithful temporal control of RGP lineage progression and the generation of clonal cortical cell-type diversity.}, author = {Stouffer, Melissa A and Miranda, Osvaldo and Pauler, Florian and Pipicelli, Fabrizia and Streicher, Carmen and Cheung, Giselle T and Hippenmeyer, Simon}, issn = {1476-4687}, journal = {Nature}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Temporal uncoupling of radial glia lineage progression in cortical organoids}}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-026-10916-7}, year = {2026}, } @article{22771, abstract = {Elucidating reaction mechanisms requires efficient generation of transition states (TSs) and products. Existing diffusion and sequence-based models accelerate parts of this process over traditional string-based methods, but typically still require manual enumeration of either TSs or products, and stochastic diffusion dynamics can be inefficient and hard to control. We introduce MolGEN, a conditional flow-matching framework that uses deterministic optimal transport to map Gaussian priors to chemical distributions. For TS generation, MolGEN improves TS geometry and barrier-height prediction over diffusion models while enabling sub-second sampling. For reaction product generation, it achieves competitive top-k accuracy while preserving mass and electron balance. Using the same backbone for TS and product sampling, MolGEN enables template-free generative exploration of reaction networks without the repeated quantum-chemistry searches required by prior methods. For the γ-ketohydroperoxide decomposition network, it produces more valid TSs than string-based methods using only 12 quantum-chemistry evaluations instead of 1156, and identifies a lower-barrier pathway.}, author = {Tuo, Ping and Chen, Jiale and Li, Ju}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Flow matching for reaction pathway generation}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-75654-w}, volume = {17}, year = {2026}, } @misc{22852, abstract = {This Research Data contains supplemental videos for Chapter 4 "Designing bistable nanostructures for target behavior" of my PhD Thesis "Biological functionality without biochemistry: designing nanomachines for target behavior". Supplemental video 1: Video showing the transition pathway of a bistable nanostructure with sphere-based arms, corresponding to the Machine in Scenario 4. Supplemental video 2: Video showing the transition pathway of the Source in Scenario 1. The arm tips change sides during the transition, demonstrating that the arms pass through each other. Supplemental video 3: Video showing the transition pathway of a fully polyhedral hinge structure with unconstrained arms. Note that we only show the ends of the arms. Supplemental video 4: Video showing the transition pathway of the coupled energy-delivery reaction of a Machine (gray) and a Source (blue) nanostructure for the optimized parameters in Scenario 3. Note that we only show the ends of the arms.}, author = {Ehrmann, Andreas}, keywords = {functional nanostructures, bistability, target behavior, transition pathway}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Supplemental videos for Designing bistable nanostructures for target behavior}}, doi = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-22852}, year = {2026}, } @article{22769, abstract = {Using transition metals efficiently in aqueous batteries requires transferring multiple electrons per metal, which leads to difficult-to-manage conversion reactions. It is now shown how vanadium can be changed from one-electron insertion to four-electron conversion.}, author = {Freunberger, Stefan Alexander}, issn = {1476-4660}, journal = {Nature Materials}, number = {9}, pages = {1482--1483}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Triggering conversion in vanadium electrodes}}, doi = {10.1038/s41563-026-02714-3}, volume = {25}, year = {2026}, } @article{22773, abstract = {An important quantity in liquid state theory is the radial distribution function g(r). It can be calculated within the framework of classical density functional theory in two very distinct ways. In the test-particle route, one fixes a single fluid particle, turning it into an external potential in which the inhomogeneous structure of the fluid is calculated by minimizing the functional. The second route to g(r) in density functional theory employs the Ornstein–Zernike equation and the pair direct correlation function, that can be obtained from the second functional derivatives of the excess (over the ideal gas) free energy functional. Since typically an approximate excess free energy functional is employed, the test-particle route, which requires only one functional derivative, is more accurate than the Ornstein–Zernike route. Here we study a two-dimensional core-shoulder particle system and find that in some circumstances the results from the Ornstein–Zernike route can be comparable in accuracy to the test-particle results for r > σ, the core diameter. We also examine in detail the asymptotic r → ∞ decay of g(r), finding a variety of possible decay wavelengths at different state points and state points where there is a crossover from one wavelength to a very different one. This behavior is a signature pointing to the rich phase behavior of the incipient solid phases.}, author = {Wassermair, Michael and Kahl, Gerhard and Archer, Andrew J. and Roth, Roland}, issn = {1520-5207}, journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry B}, number = {33}, pages = {8514--8526}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Radial distribution function in a two-dimensional core-shoulder particle system}}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcb.6c00653}, volume = {130}, year = {2026}, } @article{22815, abstract = {The mass assembly and chemical enrichment of the first galaxies provide key insights into their star formation histories and the earliest stellar populations at cosmic dawn. Here we compile and utilise new, high-quality spectroscopic JWST/NIRSpec Prism observations from the JWST archive. In particular, we extend the wavelength coverage beyond the standard pipeline cut-off (5.3 μm) up to 5.5 μm, which enables for the first time a detailed examination of the rest-frame optical emission-line properties for galaxies at z ≈ 10. Crucially, the improved calibration allows us to detect Hβ and the [O III] λλ4959, 5007 doublet and resolve the auroral [O III] λ4363 line for the 11 galaxies in our sample (z = 9.3 − 10.0) to obtain direct Te-based metallicity measurements. We find that the interstellar medium (ISM) of all galaxies shows high ionisation fields and electron temperatures, with derived metallicities in the range 12 + log(O/H) = 7.1 − 8.3 (3–50% solar), consistent with previous strong-line diagnostics based on JWST data at high redshifts. We derive an empirical relation for MUV and 12 + log(O/H) at z ≈ 10, useful for future higher-redshift studies, and show that the sample galaxies are ‘typical’ star-forming galaxies though with relatively high specific star formation rates (median sSFR = SFRHβ/M★ = 38 Gyr−1) and with evidence of bursty star formation on 10 Myr versus 100 Myr timescales (log10(SFR10/SFR100)≈0.7). Combining the rest-frame optical line analysis and detailed UV to optical spectro-photometric modelling, we determine the mass-metallicity relation (MZR) and the fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) of the sample, pushing the previous redshift frontier of these measurements to z = 10. These results, together with literature measurements, point to a gradually decreasing MZR at higher redshifts, with a break in the FMR at z ≈ 3, decreasing to metallicities ≈3× lower at z = 10 than observed in galaxies during the majority of cosmic time at z = 0 − 3, likely caused by massive pristine gas inflows diluting the observed metal abundances during early galaxy assembly at cosmic dawn.}, author = {Pollock, Clara L. and Gottumukkala, Rashmi and Heintz, Kasper E. and Brammer, Gabriel B. and Roberts-Borsani, Guido and Oesch, Pascal A. and Witstok, Joris and Arellano-Córdova, Karla Z. and Cullen, Fergus and Scholte, Dirk and Terp, Chamilla and Rowland, Lucie and Sneppen, Albert and Ito, Kei and Valentino, Francesco and Matthee, Jorryt J and Watson, Darach and Toft, Sune}, issn = {1432-0746}, journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{Novel z ∼ 10 auroral line measurements extend the gradual offset of the fundamental metallicity relation deep into the first gigayear of cosmic time}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202556032}, volume = {708}, year = {2026}, } @article{22772, abstract = {The cytoplasmic antiviral sensor MDA5 is activated by double-stranded RNAs. Endogenous double-stranded RNAs are modified by the A-to-I RNA-editing ADAR family to prevent activation of MDA5. In vivo, cytoplasmic ADAR1p150 is critically required to suppress MDA5 activation, yet the editing signature of all ADAR isoforms is strongly overlapping in mice. Further, it is not clear how A-to-I modifications in dsRNA prevent MDA5 activation. Here we show that 3′ UTRs harboring inverted repeats activate MDA5 in vitro and in cells. In vitro editing by either ADAR isoform leads to editing at overlapping hotspot regions and prevents MDA5 activation in vitro and in cells. Remarkably, only inosines introduced by RNA editing are capable of suppressing MDA5 activation, while replacing guanosines with inosines during in vitro transcription has no impact on MDA5 activation. A comparison of inosines introduced by ADAR1p150 in vitro, in cells, and in vivo suggests that a small number of A-to-I conversions may be critically required to suppress MDA5 activation. As those critical editing events are predominantly altering A:U basepairs into I:U wobble basepairs, we suggest that the helical distortion introduced by those wobble pairs may prevent MDA5 polymerization and thus downstream activation of the type I interferon response.}, author = {Varada, Rajagopal and Leuchtenberger, Alina F. and Vesely, Cornelia and Kaczmarek, Beata M and Mansouri Khosravi, Hamid and Mandl, Therese C. and Milanovic, Katarina and Honarmand Tamizkar, Kasra and Rajendra, Vinod and Senoner, Hannes and Steinbichl, Linda and Borojevic, Marija and Sombke, Andy and Schmidt, Katy and Eckhard, Margret and Hofacker, Ivo L. and Walkley, Carl and Heraud-Farlow, Jacki E. and Picardi, Ernesto and Bernecky, Carrie A and Jantsch, Michael F.}, issn = {1362-4962}, journal = {Nucleic Acids Research}, number = {16}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Distinguishing self from non-self RNA by editing-specific inosine patterns}}, doi = {10.1093/nar/gkag845}, volume = {54}, year = {2026}, } @article{22814, abstract = {We present a study of a pseudo little red dot with no metal lines (Pseudo-LRD-NOM), a highly magnified lowmass galaxy behind the lensing cluster A370 at z = 5.96. We classify this object as a pseudo-LRD because its red rest-frame optical color is contaminated by a prominent Hα line (with EW0 ≳ 800 Å) present in its JWST NIRSpec spectrum. Hα is dominated by a narrow component and also has a minor broad component indicative of an active black hole with MBH ≈ 5.6 × 10^6 M⊙. A narrow Hβ emission line is also detected (where the signal-tonoise ratio, S/N, is 8), producing a Balmer decrement (narrow) Hα/Hβ = 11. The rest-frame UV spectral slope is ßspec/uv = - 1.20 ± 0.28. All these features can be ascribed to high dust attenuation. However, no [O III]λ5007 or any other metal lines are detected in the spectrum, so [O III]5007/Hβ < 0.25, at odds with a simple dust attenuation explanation. Accounting for all the spectral properties requires the model of a starburst with moderate color excess E(B − V )≈0.2–0.5, high gas density (nH ≳ 10^6 cm^−3 ), and low- to extremely-low gas/stellar metallicities (Z = 0.01–0.1 Z⊙). The demagnified stellar mass is × 2.25+ 0 1 . . 8 3 3 0 10^7 M , and the stellar-mass surface density is = + * 418 M pc 310 725 2, similar to that of massive/nuclear star clusters. Pseudo-LRD-NOM provides evidence of massive black-hole growth occurring in a high-density, dusty starburst that is at the early stages of its chemical enrichment, and is likely a precursor to a real LRD.}, author = {Caputi, Karina I. and Cooper, Ryan A. and Rinaldi, Pierluigi and Navarro-Carrera, Rafael and Iani, Edoardo and Tumborang, Abigail A.}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Pseudo Little Red Dot: An active black hole embedded in a dense and dusty, metal-poor starburst galaxy at z = 5.96}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ae80b9}, volume = {1007}, year = {2026}, } @article{22812, abstract = {Efficient data structures for computing the cutset of a set of nodes in a graph undergoing dynamic edge insertions/deletions are well-studied in undirected graphs. We study this problem in directed graphs and show a reduction from the Online Boolean Matrix-Vector Multiplication Conjecture (OMv) introduced by Henzinger et al. [STOC’15]. We prove conditional on OMv that a dynamic data structure computing the directed cutset of a set of nodes cannot have an amortized time of both O(n2−ε) for a query operation and O(n1−ε) for an update operation, for any constant ε > 0, even when an adversary’s operations are restricted to the incremental or decremental settings. We further give algorithms to match these lower bounds.}, author = {Hahn, Niklas and Henzinger, Monika H and Stefankovic, Zofia}, issn = {0020-0190}, journal = {Information Processing Letters}, keywords = {Dynamic algorithms, Graph algorithms, Directed graphs, Lower bounds, Upper bounds}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Tight bounds on the performance of dynamic directed cutset data structures based on OMv}}, doi = {10.1016/j.ipl.2026.106663}, volume = {195}, year = {2026}, } @article{22813, abstract = {Consider a bipartite quantum system, where Alice and Bob jointly possess a pure state |ψ. Using local quantum operations on their respective subsystems, and unlimited classical communication, Alice and Bob may be able to transform |ψ into another state |φ. Famously, Nielsen’s theorem [28] provides a necessary and sufficient algebraic criterion for such a transformation to be possible (namely, the entanglement spectrum of |φ should majorise the entanglement spectrum of |ψ). In the paper where Nielsen proved this theorem, he conjectured that in the limit of large dimensionality, for almost all pairs of states |ψ, |φ (according to the natural unitary invariant measure) such a transformation is not possible. That is to say, typical pairs of quantum states |ψ, |φ are entangled in fundamentally different ways, that cannot be converted to each other via local operations and classical communication.ViaNielsen’s theorem, this conjecture can be equivalently stated as a conjecture about majorisation of spectra of random matrices from the so-called trace-normalised complex Wishart–Laguerre ensemble. Concretely, let X and Y be independent n × m random matrices whose entries are i.i.d. standard complex Gaussians; then Nielsen’s conjecture says that the probability that the spectrum of XX†/ tr(XX†) majorises the spectrum of YY†/ tr(YY†) tends to zero as both n and m grow large. We prove this conjecture, and we also confirm some related predictions of Cunden et al. [12].}, author = {Jain, Vishesh and Kwan, Matthew Alan and Michelen, Marcus}, issn = {1432-0916}, journal = {Communications in Mathematical Physics}, number = {10}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Entangled states are typically incomparable}}, doi = {10.1007/s00220-026-05711-4}, volume = {407}, year = {2026}, } @article{22818, abstract = {Physical processes at play in the genesis and evolution of tropical cyclones are conducive to the formation of warm cores at their centres. When the warm anomaly is particularly large in the upper troposphere, it is referred to as a high-level warm core. Previous works documented the generation of high-level warm cores as a consequence of stratospheric air intrusion into the troposphere induced by the upper-level dynamics of a tropical cyclone. However, little attention has been given to their effects on the storm's subsequent evolution. It has been suggested that the presence of a high-level warm core can have opposite effects on tropical cyclone intensity: both strengthening and weakening have been described as possible consequences of its formation. In this study, we examine the role of high-level warm cores in the intensification and dissipation processes of tropical cyclones, as reproduced in numerical models of different complexities, namely the model “System for Atmospheric Modeling” (SAM) run under idealized conditions and the model Nonhydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model run under realistic conditions following the DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non-hydrostatic Domains summer protocol. Our results confirm the hypothesis of a stratospheric origin behind the formation of high-level warm cores. Their initial role is shown to be an enhancement of storm intensity, by a lowering of the hydrostatic sea-level pressure (HSLP) associated with the presence of warm air aloft. However, as the warm anomaly intensifies and extends to lower levels, it also increases static stability in the air column, with the consequence of inhibiting convection and ultimately contributing to cyclone dissipation. These findings suggest that high-level warm cores play a dual role in the tropical cyclone life cycle, providing a stabilizing mechanism that can limit cyclone strength and longevity.}, author = {Davin, Andrea and Charinti, Giousef Alexandros and Muller, Caroline J and Polesello, Andrea and Pasquero, Claudia}, issn = {1477-870X}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Stratospheric influence on tropical cyclone evolution}}, doi = {10.1002/qj.70280}, year = {2026}, } @article{22817, abstract = {Using deep, medium-resolution, JWST rest-optical spectra of a sample of typical star-forming galaxies (Lyman-break galaxies and Lyman-α emitters) from the LyC22 survey at z ∼ 3, we determined the nebular abundances of N, O, and Ne relative to H for a subsample of 25 objects with a direct method based on auroral [O III] λ4363 line detections. Our measurements increased the number of accurate N/O determinations at z ∼ 2 − 4 using a homogeneous approach. We found a mean value of log(N/O) = −+0.25−0.21 over a metallicity range of 12 + log(O/H) = 7.56 to 8.44. The observed N/O ratio and scatter are indistinguishable from that observed in low-z galaxies and H II regions over the same metallicity range, thus showing no redshift evolution of N/O for typical galaxies over a significant fraction of cosmic time. We also show that typical z ∼ 3 galaxies have a similar offset in the BPT diagram to galaxies from the low-z Lyman Continuum Survey (LzLCS) when compared to the average of SDSS galaxies, and we demonstrate that this offset is not due to enhanced nitrogen abundances. Our results establish a basis for future studies of the evolution of N and O at higher redshifts.}, author = {Schaerer, D. and Izotov, Y. I. and Marques-Chaves, R. and Steidel, C. C. and Reddy, N. and Shapley, A. E. and Mascia, Sara and Chisholm, J. and Flury, S. R. and Guseva, N. and Heckman, T. and Henry, A. and Inoue, A. K. and Jung, I. and Kusakabe, H. and Mawatari, K. and Oesch, P. and Östlin, G. and Pentericci, L. and Roy, N. and Saldana-Lopez, A. and Sato, R. and Vanzella, E. and Verhamme, A. and Wang, B.}, issn = {1432-0746}, journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{Nitrogen abundances in star-forming galaxies 2.2 Gyr after the Big Bang are not elevated}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202556832}, volume = {708}, year = {2026}, } @article{22819, abstract = {Bio-inspired photonic synapses integrate optical sensing, memory, and processing in a single platform, overcoming the bottlenecks of traditional CMOS-based vision sensors. Most existing neuromorphic vision systems either rely on electrical inputs for bidirectional conductance modulation, limiting their operating speed and bandwidth, or lack nonvolatility, leading to nonlinear weight updates and poor efficiency in image recognition tasks. Here, we report a two-terminal, fully light-controlled synaptic memristor based on CsPbBr3/ZnO nanorod heterojunction that demonstrates 4-bit memory storage and optical logic operations within a single architecture. The device emulates essential functions of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, utilizing positive photoconductivity under UV illumination (λ = 375 nm) and anomalous negative photoconductivity under visible light (λ = 450 nm). By controlling defect concentrations at the CsPbBr3/ZnO nanorod interface, the device exhibits nonvolatile multibit memory with near-linear, symmetric conductance modulation, achieving 92.4% image recognition accuracy with a convolutional neural network. The bidirectional photoresponse enables reconfigurable optical logic operations, demonstrating integrated logic-in-memory. Additionally, when integrated on a flexible platform, the device demonstrates stable synaptic performance under repeated mechanical bending. These results highlight the potential of CsPbBr3/ZnO nanorod heterojunction-based all-photonic synapses as building blocks for multibit storage, optical information processing, and wearable neuromorphic vision systems.}, author = {Saha, Subham and Das, Shreyasi and Roy, Baidyanath and Ghosh, Santu Kumar and Satpathy, Rohit and Bullock, James and Unnithan, Ranjith R. and Ray, Samit K.}, issn = {1613-6829}, journal = {Small}, keywords = {all-optical synapse, bidirectional photoresponse, defect engineering, flexible neuromorphic vision, multibit nonvolatile memory, negativephotoconductivity, optical logic gate}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Interface engineered perovskite-oxide heterojunction all-photonic synapses for multibit memory, optical logic, and wearable neuromorphic vision}}, doi = {10.1002/smll.75437}, year = {2026}, } @article{22821, abstract = {With probability 1, we assess the average behaviour of various arithmetic functions at the values of degree 𝑑 polynomials 𝑓∈ℤ⁢[𝑡] that are ordered by height. This allows us to establish averaged versions of the Bateman–Horn conjecture, the polynomial Chowla conjecture and to address a basic question about the integral Hasse principle for norm form equations. Moreover, we are able to quantify the error term in the asymptotics and the size of the exceptional set of 𝑓, both with arbitrary logarithmic power savings.}, author = {Browning, Timothy D and Sofos, Efthymios and Teräväinen, Joni}, issn = {1435-5345}, journal = {Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, title = {{Bateman-Horn, polynomial Chowla and the Hasse principle with probability}}, doi = {10.1515/crelle-2026-0062}, year = {2026}, }