@article{7999, abstract = {Linking epigenetic marks to clinical outcomes improves insight into molecular processes, disease prediction, and therapeutic target identification. Here, a statistical approach is presented to infer the epigenetic architecture of complex disease, determine the variation captured by epigenetic effects, and estimate phenotype-epigenetic probe associations jointly. Implicitly adjusting for probe correlations, data structure (cell-count or relatedness), and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker effects, improves association estimates and in 9,448 individuals, 75.7% (95% CI 71.70–79.3) of body mass index (BMI) variation and 45.6% (95% CI 37.3–51.9) of cigarette consumption variation was captured by whole blood methylation array data. Pathway-linked probes of blood cholesterol, lipid transport and sterol metabolism for BMI, and xenobiotic stimuli response for smoking, showed >1.5 times larger associations with >95% posterior inclusion probability. Prediction accuracy improved by 28.7% for BMI and 10.2% for smoking over a LASSO model, with age-, and tissue-specificity, implying associations are a phenotypic consequence rather than causal. }, author = {Trejo Banos, D and McCartney, DL and Patxot, M and Anchieri, L and Battram, T and Christiansen, C and Costeira, R and Walker, RM and Morris, SW and Campbell, A and Zhang, Q and Porteous, DJ and McRae, AF and Wray, NR and Visscher, PM and Haley, CS and Evans, KL and Deary, IJ and McIntosh, AM and Hemani, G and Bell, JT and Marioni, RE and Robinson, Matthew Richard}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Bayesian reassessment of the epigenetic architecture of complex traits}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-16520-1}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{8001, abstract = {Post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) is an attractive candidate mechanism for hippocampus-dependent short-term memory. Although PTP has a uniquely large magnitude at hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal neuron synapses, it is unclear whether it can be induced by natural activity and whether its lifetime is sufficient to support short-term memory. We combined in vivo recordings from granule cells (GCs), in vitro paired recordings from mossy fiber terminals and postsynaptic CA3 neurons, and “flash and freeze” electron microscopy. PTP was induced at single synapses and showed a low induction threshold adapted to sparse GC activity in vivo. PTP was mainly generated by enlargement of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles, allowing multiplicative interaction with other plasticity forms. PTP was associated with an increase in the docked vesicle pool, suggesting formation of structural “pool engrams.” Absence of presynaptic activity extended the lifetime of the potentiation, enabling prolonged information storage in the hippocampal network.}, author = {Vandael, David H and Borges Merjane, Carolina and Zhang, Xiaomin and Jonas, Peter M}, issn = {10974199}, journal = {Neuron}, number = {3}, pages = {509--521}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Short-term plasticity at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses is induced by natural activity patterns and associated with vesicle pool engram formation}}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.013}, volume = {107}, year = {2020}, } @article{8011, abstract = {Relaxation to a thermal state is the inevitable fate of nonequilibrium interacting quantum systems without special conservation laws. While thermalization in one-dimensional systems can often be suppressed by integrability mechanisms, in two spatial dimensions thermalization is expected to be far more effective due to the increased phase space. In this work we propose a general framework for escaping or delaying the emergence of the thermal state in two-dimensional arrays of Rydberg atoms via the mechanism of quantum scars, i.e., initial states that fail to thermalize. The suppression of thermalization is achieved in two complementary ways: by adding local perturbations or by adjusting the driving Rabi frequency according to the local connectivity of the lattice. We demonstrate that these mechanisms allow us to realize robust quantum scars in various two-dimensional lattices, including decorated lattices with nonconstant connectivity. In particular, we show that a small decrease of the Rabi frequency at the corners of the lattice is crucial for mitigating the strong boundary effects in two-dimensional systems. Our results identify synchronization as an important tool for future experiments on two-dimensional quantum scars.}, author = {Michailidis, Alexios and Turner, C. J. and Papić, Z. and Abanin, D. A. and Serbyn, Maksym}, issn = {2643-1564}, journal = {Physical Review Research}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Stabilizing two-dimensional quantum scars by deformation and synchronization}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevresearch.2.022065}, volume = {2}, year = {2020}, } @article{8037, abstract = {Genetic perturbations that affect bacterial resistance to antibiotics have been characterized genome-wide, but how do such perturbations interact with subsequent evolutionary adaptation to the drug? Here, we show that strong epistasis between resistance mutations and systematically identified genes can be exploited to control spontaneous resistance evolution. We evolved hundreds of Escherichia coli K-12 mutant populations in parallel, using a robotic platform that tightly controls population size and selection pressure. We find a global diminishing-returns epistasis pattern: strains that are initially more sensitive generally undergo larger resistance gains. However, some gene deletion strains deviate from this general trend and curtail the evolvability of resistance, including deletions of genes for membrane transport, LPS biosynthesis, and chaperones. Deletions of efflux pump genes force evolution on inferior mutational paths, not explored in the wild type, and some of these essentially block resistance evolution. This effect is due to strong negative epistasis with resistance mutations. The identified genes and cellular functions provide potential targets for development of adjuvants that may block spontaneous resistance evolution when combined with antibiotics.}, author = {Lukacisinova, Marta and Fernando, Booshini and Bollenbach, Mark Tobias}, issn = {20411723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Highly parallel lab evolution reveals that epistasis can curb the evolution of antibiotic resistance}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-16932-z}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{8039, abstract = {In the present work, we report a solution-based strategy to produce crystallographically textured SnSe bulk nanomaterials and printed layers with optimized thermoelectric performance in the direction normal to the substrate. Our strategy is based on the formulation of a molecular precursor that can be continuously decomposed to produce a SnSe powder or printed into predefined patterns. The precursor formulation and decomposition conditions are optimized to produce pure phase 2D SnSe nanoplates. The printed layer and the bulk material obtained after hot press displays a clear preferential orientation of the crystallographic domains, resulting in an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.55 W m–1 K–1 in the direction normal to the substrate. Such textured nanomaterials present highly anisotropic properties with the best thermoelectric performance in plane, i.e., in the directions parallel to the substrate, which coincide with the crystallographic bc plane of SnSe. This is an unfortunate characteristic because thermoelectric devices are designed to create/harvest temperature gradients in the direction normal to the substrate. We further demonstrate that this limitation can be overcome with the introduction of small amounts of tellurium in the precursor. The presence of tellurium allows one to reduce the band gap and increase both the charge carrier concentration and the mobility, especially the cross plane, with a minimal decrease of the Seebeck coefficient. These effects translate into record out of plane ZT values at 800 K.}, author = {Zhang, Yu and Liu, Yu and Xing, Congcong and Zhang, Ting and Li, Mengyao and Pacios, Mercè and Yu, Xiaoting and Arbiol, Jordi and Llorca, Jordi and Cadavid, Doris and Ibáñez, Maria and Cabot, Andreu}, issn = {19448252}, journal = {ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces}, number = {24}, pages = {27104--27111}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Tin selenide molecular precursor for the solution processing of thermoelectric materials and devices}}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.0c04331}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, } @article{8040, abstract = {The mitochondrial respiratory chain, formed by five protein complexes, utilizes energy from catabolic processes to synthesize ATP. Complex I, the first and the largest protein complex of the chain, harvests electrons from NADH to reduce quinone, while pumping protons across the mitochondrial membrane. Detailed knowledge of the working principle of such coupled charge-transfer processes remains, however, fragmentary due to bottlenecks in understanding redox-driven conformational transitions and their interplay with the hydrated proton pathways. Complex I from Thermus thermophilus encases 16 subunits with nine iron–sulfur clusters, reduced by electrons from NADH. Here, employing the latest crystal structure of T. thermophilus complex I, we have used microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations to study the chemo-mechanical coupling between redox changes of the iron–sulfur clusters and conformational transitions across complex I. First, we identify the redox switches within complex I, which allosterically couple the dynamics of the quinone binding pocket to the site of NADH reduction. Second, our free-energy calculations reveal that the affinity of the quinone, specifically menaquinone, for the binding-site is higher than that of its reduced, menaquinol form—a design essential for menaquinol release. Remarkably, the barriers to diffusive menaquinone dynamics are lesser than that of the more ubiquitous ubiquinone, and the naphthoquinone headgroup of the former furnishes stronger binding interactions with the pocket, favoring menaquinone for charge transport in T. thermophilus. Our computations are consistent with experimentally validated mutations and hierarchize the key residues into three functional classes, identifying new mutation targets. Third, long-range hydrogen-bond networks connecting the quinone-binding site to the transmembrane subunits are found to be responsible for proton pumping. Put together, the simulations reveal the molecular design principles linking redox reactions to quinone turnover to proton translocation in complex I.}, author = {Gupta, Chitrak and Khaniya, Umesh and Chan, Chun Kit and Dehez, Francois and Shekhar, Mrinal and Gunner, M. R. and Sazanov, Leonid A and Chipot, Christophe and Singharoy, Abhishek}, issn = {1520-5126}, journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, number = {20}, pages = {9220--9230}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Charge transfer and chemo-mechanical coupling in respiratory complex I}}, doi = {10.1021/jacs.9b13450}, volume = {142}, year = {2020}, } @article{8042, abstract = {We consider systems of N bosons in a box of volume one, interacting through a repulsive two-body potential of the form κN3β−1V(Nβx). For all 0<β<1, and for sufficiently small coupling constant κ>0, we establish the validity of Bogolyubov theory, identifying the ground state energy and the low-lying excitation spectrum up to errors that vanish in the limit of large N.}, author = {Boccato, Chiara and Brennecke, Christian and Cenatiempo, Serena and Schlein, Benjamin}, issn = {1435-9855}, journal = {Journal of the European Mathematical Society}, number = {7}, pages = {2331--2403}, publisher = {European Mathematical Society}, title = {{The excitation spectrum of Bose gases interacting through singular potentials}}, doi = {10.4171/JEMS/966}, volume = {22}, year = {2020}, } @article{8043, abstract = {With decreasing Reynolds number, Re, turbulence in channel flow becomes spatio-temporally intermittent and self-organises into solitary stripes oblique to the mean flow direction. We report here the existence of localised nonlinear travelling wave solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations possessing this obliqueness property. Such solutions are identified numerically using edge tracking coupled with arclength continuation. All solutions emerge in saddle-node bifurcations at values of Re lower than the non-localised solutions. Relative periodic orbit solutions bifurcating from branches of travelling waves have also been computed. A complete parametric study is performed, including their stability, the investigation of their large-scale flow, and the robustness to changes of the numerical domain.}, author = {Paranjape, Chaitanya S and Duguet, Yohann and Hof, Björn}, issn = {1469-7645}, journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{Oblique stripe solutions of channel flow}}, doi = {10.1017/jfm.2020.322}, volume = {897}, year = {2020}, } @article{8057, abstract = {Water-in-salt electrolytes based on highly concentrated bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonimide (TFSI) promise aqueous electrolytes with stabilities approaching 3 V. However, especially with an electrode approaching the cathodic (reductive) stability, cycling stability is insufficient. While stability critically relies on a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), the mechanism behind the cathodic stability limit remains unclear. Here, we reveal two distinct reduction potentials for the chemical environments of ‘free’ and ‘bound’ water and that both contribute to SEI formation. Free-water is reduced ~1V above bound water in a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and responsible for SEI formation via reactive intermediates of the HER; concurrent LiTFSI precipitation/dissolution establishes a dynamic interface. The free-water population emerges, therefore, as the handle to extend the cathodic limit of aqueous electrolytes and the battery cycling stability.}, author = {Bouchal, Roza and Li, Zhujie and Bongu, Chandra and Le Vot, Steven and Berthelot, Romain and Rotenberg, Benjamin and Favier, Frederic and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Salanne, Mathieu and Fontaine, Olivier}, issn = {1521-3757}, journal = {Angewandte Chemie}, number = {37}, pages = {16047--16051}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte}}, doi = {10.1002/ange.202005378}, volume = {132}, year = {2020}, } @unpublished{8063, abstract = {We present a generative model of images that explicitly reasons over the set of objects they show. Our model learns a structured latent representation that separates objects from each other and from the background; unlike prior works, it explicitly represents the 2D position and depth of each object, as well as an embedding of its segmentation mask and appearance. The model can be trained from images alone in a purely unsupervised fashion without the need for object masks or depth information. Moreover, it always generates complete objects, even though a significant fraction of training images contain occlusions. Finally, we show that our model can infer decompositions of novel images into their constituent objects, including accurate prediction of depth ordering and segmentation of occluded parts.}, author = {Anciukevicius, Titas and Lampert, Christoph and Henderson, Paul M}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{Object-centric image generation with factored depths, locations, and appearances}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2004.00642}, year = {2020}, } @misc{8067, abstract = {With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based anodes, lithium metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery community as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. In this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first attempts in the mid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding dendrite growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state (polymeric and inorganic), Lithium-sulphur and Li-O2 (air) batteries. A particular attention is paid to review recent developments in regard of prototype manufacturing and current state-ofthe-art of these battery technologies with respect to the 2030 targets of the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Action 7.}, author = {Varzi, Alberto and Thanner, Katharina and Scipioni, Roberto and Di Lecce, Daniele and Hassoun, Jusef and Dörfler, Susanne and Altheus, Holger and Kaskel, Stefan and Prehal, Christian and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander}, issn = {2664-1690}, keywords = {Battery, Lithium metal, Lithium-sulphur, Lithium-air, All-solid-state}, pages = {63}, publisher = {IST Austria}, title = {{Current status and future perspectives of Lithium metal batteries}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067}, year = {2020}, } @article{8077, abstract = {The projection methods with vanilla inertial extrapolation step for variational inequalities have been of interest to many authors recently due to the improved convergence speed contributed by the presence of inertial extrapolation step. However, it is discovered that these projection methods with inertial steps lose the Fejér monotonicity of the iterates with respect to the solution, which is being enjoyed by their corresponding non-inertial projection methods for variational inequalities. This lack of Fejér monotonicity makes projection methods with vanilla inertial extrapolation step for variational inequalities not to converge faster than their corresponding non-inertial projection methods at times. Also, it has recently been proved that the projection methods with vanilla inertial extrapolation step may provide convergence rates that are worse than the classical projected gradient methods for strongly convex functions. In this paper, we introduce projection methods with alternated inertial extrapolation step for solving variational inequalities. We show that the sequence of iterates generated by our methods converges weakly to a solution of the variational inequality under some appropriate conditions. The Fejér monotonicity of even subsequence is recovered in these methods and linear rate of convergence is obtained. The numerical implementations of our methods compared with some other inertial projection methods show that our method is more efficient and outperforms some of these inertial projection methods.}, author = {Shehu, Yekini and Iyiola, Olaniyi S.}, issn = {0168-9274}, journal = {Applied Numerical Mathematics}, pages = {315--337}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Projection methods with alternating inertial steps for variational inequalities: Weak and linear convergence}}, doi = {10.1016/j.apnum.2020.06.009}, volume = {157}, year = {2020}, } @unpublished{8081, abstract = {Here, we employ micro- and nanosized cellulose particles, namely paper fines and cellulose nanocrystals, to induce hierarchical organization over a wide length scale. After processing them into carbonaceous materials, we demonstrate that these hierarchically organized materials outperform the best materials for supercapacitors operating with organic electrolytes reported in literature in terms of specific energy/power (Ragone plot) while showing hardly any capacity fade over 4,000 cycles. The highly porous materials feature a specific surface area as high as 2500 m2ˑg-1 and exhibit pore sizes in the range of 0.5 to 200 nm as proven by scanning electron microscopy and N2 physisorption. The carbonaceous materials have been further investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and RAMAN spectroscopy. Since paper fines are an underutilized side stream in any paper production process, they are a cheap and highly available feedstock to prepare carbonaceous materials with outstanding performance in electrochemical applications. }, author = {Hobisch, Mathias A. and Mourad, Eléonore and Fischer, Wolfgang J. and Prehal, Christian and Eyley, Samuel and Childress, Anthony and Zankel, Armin and Mautner, Andreas and Breitenbach, Stefan and Rao, Apparao M. and Thielemans, Wim and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Eckhart, Rene and Bauer, Wolfgang and Spirk, Stefan }, title = {{High specific capacitance supercapacitors from hierarchically organized all-cellulose composites}}, year = {2020}, } @article{8084, abstract = {Origin and functions of intermittent transitions among sleep stages, including brief awakenings and arousals, constitute a challenge to the current homeostatic framework for sleep regulation, focusing on factors modulating sleep over large time scales. Here we propose that the complex micro-architecture characterizing sleep on scales of seconds and minutes results from intrinsic non-equilibrium critical dynamics. We investigate θ- and δ-wave dynamics in control rats and in rats where the sleep-promoting ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) is lesioned (male Sprague-Dawley rats). We demonstrate that bursts in θ and δ cortical rhythms exhibit complex temporal organization, with long-range correlations and robust duality of power-law (θ-bursts, active phase) and exponential-like (δ-bursts, quiescent phase) duration distributions, features typical of non-equilibrium systems self-organizing at criticality. We show that such non-equilibrium behavior relates to anti-correlated coupling between θ- and δ-bursts, persists across a range of time scales, and is independent of the dominant physiologic state; indications of a basic principle in sleep regulation. Further, we find that VLPO lesions lead to a modulation of cortical dynamics resulting in altered dynamical parameters of θ- and δ-bursts and significant reduction in θ–δ coupling. Our empirical findings and model simulations demonstrate that θ–δ coupling is essential for the emerging non-equilibrium critical dynamics observed across the sleep–wake cycle, and indicate that VLPO neurons may have dual role for both sleep and arousal/brief wake activation. The uncovered critical behavior in sleep- and wake-related cortical rhythms indicates a mechanism essential for the micro-architecture of spontaneous sleep-stage and arousal transitions within a novel, non-homeostatic paradigm of sleep regulation.}, author = {Lombardi, Fabrizio and Gómez-Extremera, Manuel and Bernaola-Galván, Pedro and Vetrivelan, Ramalingam and Saper, Clifford B. and Scammell, Thomas E. and Ivanov, Plamen Ch.}, issn = {1529-2401}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}, number = {1}, pages = {171--190}, publisher = {Society for Neuroscience}, title = {{Critical dynamics and coupling in bursts of cortical rhythms indicate non-homeostatic mechanism for sleep-stage transitions and dual role of VLPO neurons in both sleep and wake}}, doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.1278-19.2019}, volume = {40}, year = {2020}, } @article{8091, abstract = {In the setting of the fractional quantum Hall effect we study the effects of strong, repulsive two-body interaction potentials of short range. We prove that Haldane’s pseudo-potential operators, including their pre-factors, emerge as mathematically rigorous limits of such interactions when the range of the potential tends to zero while its strength tends to infinity. In a common approach the interaction potential is expanded in angular momentum eigenstates in the lowest Landau level, which amounts to taking the pre-factors to be the moments of the potential. Such a procedure is not appropriate for very strong interactions, however, in particular not in the case of hard spheres. We derive the formulas valid in the short-range case, which involve the scattering lengths of the interaction potential in different angular momentum channels rather than its moments. Our results hold for bosons and fermions alike and generalize previous results in [6], which apply to bosons in the lowest angular momentum channel. Our main theorem asserts the convergence in a norm-resolvent sense of the Hamiltonian on the whole Hilbert space, after appropriate energy scalings, to Hamiltonians with contact interactions in the lowest Landau level.}, author = {Seiringer, Robert and Yngvason, Jakob}, issn = {1572-9613}, journal = {Journal of Statistical Physics}, pages = {448--464}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Emergence of Haldane pseudo-potentials in systems with short-range interactions}}, doi = {10.1007/s10955-020-02586-0}, volume = {181}, year = {2020}, } @article{8093, abstract = {Background: The activation of the EGFR/Ras-signalling pathway in tumour cells induces a distinct chemokine repertoire, which in turn modulates the tumour microenvironment. Methods: The effects of EGFR/Ras on the expression and translation of CCL20 were analysed in a large set of epithelial cancer cell lines and tumour tissues by RT-qPCR and ELISA in vitro. CCL20 production was verified by immunohistochemistry in different tumour tissues and correlated with clinical data. The effects of CCL20 on endothelial cell migration and tumour-associated vascularisation were comprehensively analysed with chemotaxis assays in vitro and in CCR6-deficient mice in vivo. Results: Tumours facilitate progression by the EGFR/Ras-induced production of CCL20. Expression of the chemokine CCL20 in tumours correlates with advanced tumour stage, increased lymph node metastasis and decreased survival in patients. Microvascular endothelial cells abundantly express the specific CCL20 receptor CCR6. CCR6 signalling in endothelial cells induces angiogenesis. CCR6-deficient mice show significantly decreased tumour growth and tumour-associated vascularisation. The observed phenotype is dependent on CCR6 deficiency in stromal cells but not within the immune system. Conclusion: We propose that the chemokine axis CCL20–CCR6 represents a novel and promising target to interfere with the tumour microenvironment, and opens an innovative multimodal strategy for cancer therapy.}, author = {Hippe, Andreas and Braun, Stephan Alexander and Oláh, Péter and Gerber, Peter Arne and Schorr, Anne and Seeliger, Stephan and Holtz, Stephanie and Jannasch, Katharina and Pivarcsi, Andor and Buhren, Bettina and Schrumpf, Holger and Kislat, Andreas and Bünemann, Erich and Steinhoff, Martin and Fischer, Jens and Lira, Sérgio A. and Boukamp, Petra and Hevezi, Peter and Stoecklein, Nikolas Hendrik and Hoffmann, Thomas and Alves, Frauke and Sleeman, Jonathan and Bauer, Thomas and Klufa, Jörg and Amberg, Nicole and Sibilia, Maria and Zlotnik, Albert and Müller-Homey, Anja and Homey, Bernhard}, issn = {1532-1827}, journal = {British Journal of Cancer}, pages = {942--954}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{EGFR/Ras-induced CCL20 production modulates the tumour microenvironment}}, doi = {10.1038/s41416-020-0943-2}, volume = {123}, year = {2020}, } @misc{8097, abstract = {Antibiotics that interfere with translation, when combined, interact in diverse and difficult-to-predict ways. Here, we explain these interactions by "translation bottlenecks": points in the translation cycle where antibiotics block ribosomal progression. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of drug interactions between translation inhibitors, we generate translation bottlenecks genetically using inducible control of translation factors that regulate well-defined translation cycle steps. These perturbations accurately mimic antibiotic action and drug interactions, supporting that the interplay of different translation bottlenecks causes these interactions. We further show that growth laws, combined with drug uptake and binding kinetics, enable the direct prediction of a large fraction of observed interactions, yet fail to predict suppression. However, varying two translation bottlenecks simultaneously supports that dense traffic of ribosomes and competition for translation factors account for the previously unexplained suppression. These results highlight the importance of "continuous epistasis" in bacterial physiology.}, author = {Kavcic, Bor}, keywords = {Escherichia coli, antibiotic combinations, translation, growth laws, drug interactions, bacterial physiology, translation inhibitors}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Analysis scripts and research data for the paper "Mechanisms of drug interactions between translation-inhibiting antibiotics"}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8097}, year = {2020}, } @article{8099, abstract = {Sewall Wright developed FST for describing population differentiation and it has since been extended to many novel applications, including the detection of homomorphic sex chromosomes. However, there has been confusion regarding the expected estimate of FST for a fixed difference between the X‐ and Y‐chromosome when comparing males and females. Here, we attempt to resolve this confusion by contrasting two common FST estimators and explain why they yield different estimates when applied to the case of sex chromosomes. We show that this difference is true for many allele frequencies, but the situation characterized by fixed differences between the X‐ and Y‐chromosome is among the most extreme. To avoid additional confusion, we recommend that all authors using FST clearly state which estimator of FST their work uses.}, author = {Gammerdinger, William J and Toups, Melissa A and Vicoso, Beatriz}, issn = {1755-0998}, journal = {Molecular Ecology Resources}, number = {6}, pages = {1517--1525}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Disagreement in FST estimators: A case study from sex chromosomes}}, doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.13210}, volume = {20}, year = {2020}, } @article{8101, abstract = {By rigorously accounting for mesoscale spatial correlations in donor/acceptor surface properties, we develop a scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging. We find that mesoscale correlations affect not only the magnitude of charge transfer but also the fluctuations—suppressing otherwise overwhelming charge-transfer variability that is not observed experimentally. We furthermore propose a generic theoretical mechanism by which the mesoscale features might emerge, which is qualitatively consistent with other proposals in the literature.}, author = {Grosjean, Galien M and Wald, Sebastian and Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A and Waitukaitis, Scott R}, issn = {2475-9953}, journal = {Physical Review Materials}, keywords = {electric charge, tribocharging, soft matter, granular materials, polymers}, number = {8}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Quantitatively consistent scale-spanning model for same-material tribocharging}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.082602}, volume = {4}, year = {2020}, } @article{8105, abstract = {Physical and biological systems often exhibit intermittent dynamics with bursts or avalanches (active states) characterized by power-law size and duration distributions. These emergent features are typical of systems at the critical point of continuous phase transitions, and have led to the hypothesis that such systems may self-organize at criticality, i.e. without any fine tuning of parameters. Since the introduction of the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld (BTW) model, the paradigm of self-organized criticality (SOC) has been very fruitful for the analysis of emergent collective behaviors in a number of systems, including the brain. Although considerable effort has been devoted in identifying and modeling scaling features of burst and avalanche statistics, dynamical aspects related to the temporal organization of bursts remain often poorly understood or controversial. Of crucial importance to understand the mechanisms responsible for emergent behaviors is the relationship between active and quiet periods, and the nature of the correlations. Here we investigate the dynamics of active (θ-bursts) and quiet states (δ-bursts) in brain activity during the sleep-wake cycle. We show the duality of power-law (θ, active phase) and exponential-like (δ, quiescent phase) duration distributions, typical of SOC, jointly emerge with power-law temporal correlations and anti-correlated coupling between active and quiet states. Importantly, we demonstrate that such temporal organization shares important similarities with earthquake dynamics, and propose that specific power-law correlations and coupling between active and quiet states are distinctive characteristics of a class of systems with self-organization at criticality.}, author = {Lombardi, Fabrizio and Wang, Jilin W.J.L. and Zhang, Xiyun and Ivanov, Plamen Ch}, issn = {2100-014X}, journal = {EPJ Web of Conferences}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{Power-law correlations and coupling of active and quiet states underlie a class of complex systems with self-organization at criticality}}, doi = {10.1051/epjconf/202023000005}, volume = {230}, year = {2020}, }