@article{22733,
  abstract     = {Sleep need is associated with both circuit dynamics and widespread synaptic plasticity, yet the specific synaptic changes underlying sleep homeostasis remain incompletely understood. In Drosophila, sleep loss has been shown to trigger plasticity of the presynaptic active zone, marked by increasing levels of the ELKS-family scaffold protein Bruchpilot (BRP). By titrating brp gene copy number, we previously established a presynapse-specific, dosage-dependent paradigm that modulates sleep pressure. Here, to elucidate the molecular landscape of this plasticity, we performed synapse-enriched integrated-omics. Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses revealed changes in immune and stress response pathways and local translation control. Strikingly, phospho-proteomic analysis uncovered a global shift toward hypophosphorylation, particularly in presynaptic proteins, indicating a reprogramming of the phosphorylation–dephosphorylation balance. This presynaptic hypophosphorylation is likely contributed by reduced activity of Protein Kinase A (PKA) and enhanced substrate affinity of Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) mediated by its regulatory subunit Spinophilin (Spn). Manipulating either PKA or PP1 activity was sufficient to suppress BRP-modulated sleep phenotypes. We propose that presynaptic hypophosphorylation constitutes a molecular signature of local synaptic remodeling that adaptively tunes sleep need via reversible posttranslational modification, a mechanism likely conserved across species.},
  author       = {Piao, Chengji and Dutkiewicz, Ewelina and Kollipara, Laxmikanth and Sickmann, Albert and Huang, Sheng and Sigrist, Stephan J.},
  issn         = {0027-8424},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  number       = {24},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Active zone plasticity couples sleep need to presynaptic hypophosphorylation}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2524065123},
  volume       = {123},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{22712,
  abstract     = {Ginseng (Panax ginseng) derives its renowned therapeutic properties from ginsenoside metabolites. However, the long cultivation cycle and susceptibility to diseases hinder the advancement of the ginseng industry. Here, we demonstrate that the embryonic protoderm of ginseng can efficiently produce ginsenosides. Single-cell transcriptome and mass spectrometry imaging analyses reveal that ginsenosides accumulate in the protoderm of ginseng embryonic callus (EC) at levels comparable to those in forest ginseng. Epigenetic analyses indicate that elevated histone acetylation and enhanced chromatin accessibility at regeneration- and ginsenoside metabolism-related gene loci are associated with the ginsenoside-producing capacity of EC. Increasing histone acetylation levels or overexpressing the regeneration-related WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (WOX11) gene further enhances ginsenoside production in EC. Our findings suggest that the protoderm of EC could serve as an in situ biological compartment for high-efficiency ginsenoside producion, offering a complementary approach to traditional ginseng cultivation.},
  author       = {Liu, Juan and Zhai, Ning and Zhang, Shiyi and Tamada, Yosuke and Li, Tonghui and Zhang, Linfan and Chen, Tong and Wang, Chenglin and Yang, Jian and Gao, Jiaqi and Li, Xiang and Zhou, Junhui and Zhang, Yonghong and Liu, Yu and Wang, Yuan and Friml, Jiří and Benková, Eva and Li, Chen and Xu, Lin and Huang, Luqi},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Single-cell analyses identify the ginseng embryonic protoderm as a native compartment for high-efficiency ginsenoside production}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-026-74881-5},
  volume       = {17},
  year         = {2026},
}

@misc{22687,
  abstract     = {Understanding enzyme function requires characterizing not only static structure but also dynamics and ligand interactions. NMR spectroscopy provides this insight at atomic resolution, yet for large proteins the difficulty of resonance assignment has largely confined such studies to systems below ∼50 kDa, or to observing only methyl groups. Here we present an integrated magic-angle spinning (MAS) and solution NMR study of the 134 kDa tetrameric malate dehydrogenase from Ignicoccus islandicus (IiMDH), an enzyme of particular interest as an evolutionary intermediate between allosteric lactate
dehydrogenases and non-allosteric malate dehydrogenases. By combining high-dimensional (up to 4D) MAS NMR experiments on sedimented protein with solution NMR, we achieved 92% backbone heavy- atom assignment and 91% assignment of all Ile-δ1, Leu-δ1/-δ2, Val-γ1/-γ2, Met-ε and Thr-γ methyl groups. Building on these assignments, we use various probes of backbone and sidechain dynamics: elevated MAS NMR 15N rotating-frame relaxation (R1ρ) points to microsecond motions in functionally critical regions, including the catalytic loop and the mobile surface loop. Complementary methyl-axis order parameters from solution NMR identified additional flexible sites in the hydrophobic core. Chemical shift perturbation experiments upon addition of the substrate analogue oxamate, monitored via backbone 1H-15N TROSY, revealed both active-site contacts and responses in helices α2F and α3G, regions implicated in allosteric signal transmission. The integrated approach demonstrated here exploits the distinct strengths of MAS and solution NMR, and provides a comprehensive view of structure, dynamics, and substrate interactions in a large oligomeric enzyme that would not be accessible by either technique alone.},
  author       = {Schanda, Paul and Napoli, Federico},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Data and scripts for: "Integrated solid/solution NMR assignment allows mapping dynamics and ligand binding in a 134 kDa enzyme"}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-22687},
  year         = {2026},
}

@phdthesis{22694,
  abstract     = {We develop and employ techniques from equivariant algebraic K-theory and related invariants
in the context of geometric representation theory, in both arithmetic and topological situations.
We showcase the use of such techniques on the affine Grassmannian Gr, a space of fundamental
interest in the geometric Langlands program.

It is a deep development of mathematics of the last century that many concrete, yet combina-
torially complex algebraic problems may be effectively studied through the lens of algebraic
geometry. The objects of interest can be often realized as cohomological invariants of algebraic
varieties, and good understanding of their geometry sheds light into the original questions.
Such techniques have seen immense applications in the Langlands program, where they go
under the label of geometric representation theory.

One source of powerful invariants in algebraic geometry comes from algebraic K-theory,
Hochschild homology, and their relatives. These localizing invariants contain large amount
of information, but are quite hard to compute. For this reason, their usage in geometric
representation theory has been limited.

The aim of this thesis is to showcase how to control such invariants in the situations of
interest and use them to obtain new insights. We start by reinterpreting equivariant Hochschild
homology in terms of functions on certain fixed-point schemes, which are of independent
interest. We compare it to equivariant K-theory via the trace map. We give new computations
and comparisons of such invariants of affine Schubert varieties in Gr, including arithmetic
situations. We show that they behave much better than expected.

We finally utilize this circle of ideas in a purely topological setting. We describe the varying
fixed points of the extended torus action on the affine Grassmannian, and use it to compute
its equivariant topological K-theory ring. The answer is nontrivial and verifies an outstanding
conjecture in the subject.

We compare, partly conjecturally, the resulting K-theory ring to the completed center of an
integral even hybrid quantum group and its deformed quantum category O. This gives a
genuine application of our computations in pure representation theory.},
  author       = {Löwit, Jakub},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {185},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Equivariant K-theory of affine Grassmannians in representation theory and arithmetic}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-22694},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{21751,
  abstract     = {We define a certain class of simple varieties over a field k by a constructive recipe and show how to control their (equivariant) truncating invariants. Consequently, we prove that on simple varieties: (i) if k = k and char k = p, the p-adic cyclotomic trace is an equivalence; (ii) if k = Q, the Goodwillie–Jones trace is an isomorphism in degree zero; (iii) we can control homotopy invariant K-theory KH, which is equivariantly formal and determined by its topological counterparts. Simple varieties are quite special, but encompass important singular examples appearing in geometric representation theory. We, in particular, show that both finite and affine Schubert varieties for GLn lie in this class, so all the above results hold for them. },
  author       = {Löwit, Jakub},
  issn         = {1687-0247},
  journal      = {International Mathematics Research Notices},
  number       = {7},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Equivariant localizing invariants of simple varieties}},
  doi          = {10.1093/imrn/rnag058},
  volume       = {2026},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{22693,
  abstract     = {We study torus-equivariant algebraic K-theory of affine Schubert varieties in the perfect affine Grassmannians over Fp. We further compare it to the torus-equivariant Hochschild homology of perfect complexes, which has a geometric description in terms of global functions on certain fixed-point schemes. We prove that Fp-linearly, this comparison is an isomorphism. Our approach is quite constructive, resulting in new computations of these K-theory rings. We establish various structural results for equivariant perfect algebraic K-theory on the way; we believe these are of independent interest.},
  author       = {Löwit, Jakub},
  issn         = {1431-0643},
  journal      = {Documenta Mathematica},
  keywords     = {equivariant algebraic K-theory, perfection in positive characteristic, affine Grassmannian, affine Schubert varieties, Dennis trace map, equivariant Hochschild homology, fixed-point schemes, toric varieties},
  publisher    = {EMS Press},
  title        = {{Equivariant K-theory, affine Grassmannian and perfection}},
  doi          = {10.4171/dm/1064},
  year         = {2026},
}

@phdthesis{22684,
  abstract     = {Contact electrification (CE) is a simple yet elusive phenomenon that occurs when two materials come into contact and separate, leaving behind net electrical charge. Despite its ubiquity, the microscopic origin of CE remains unclear. In this thesis, we investigate CE from three complementary perspectives: developing a quantitative method to measure charge at the nanoscale, exploring the dynamic behavior of charge on insulating surfaces, and uncovering the role of mechanical history in forming a triboelectric series.

In the first part, we establish a rigorous framework for converting qualitative Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) voltage maps into quantitative charge density distributions. Using finite element method (FEM) simulations, we determine the point-spread function of the KPFM tip–sample geometry and demonstrate that the true surface charge can be reconstructed by numerical deconvolution. This procedure enables the recovery of both the magnitude and sign of charge density with high fidelity, resolving nanoscale features that are otherwise obscured. Applying the method to contact-charged SiO$_2$ surfaces, we show that existing analytical approximations, such as parallel plate or spherical models, can miscalculate charge magnitude by orders of magnitude. Our hybrid FEM/KPFM approach therefore provides a fast and general method to convert qualitative KPFM signals into quantitative charge data, enabling nanoscale charge mapping under realistic experimental conditions.

In the second part, we study the temporal stability of CE-induced charges and identify the key material factors that determine whether KPFM can capture meaningful charge patterns. Through time-resolved experiments combining a custom-built transfer system with both microscopic and macroscopic measurements, we demonstrate that only the best insulators, such as SiO$_2$, preserve CE charge long enough for stationary imaging. For less conductive polymers, such as PDMS, charge decays within the duration of a single KPFM scan due to bulk conduction. Using a simple capacitor-based model, we reproduce the observed decay dynamics and confirm that the transferred charge decays characteristic to the sample's bulk conductivity. Further, we always observe homogeneous charge transfer.

In the third part, we address the question: can we form a triboelectric series with identical materials? Using controlled repetitive contact experiments, we show that nominally identical materials can progressively order themselves into a triboelectric series, where surfaces with more contact history charge negatively relative to fresher ones. By constructing a minimal model based on this ``contact bias'', we replicate the evolution from random to ordered charging observed in experiments. Supporting surface analyses, including atomic force microscopy, reveal that repeated contact induces nanoscale morphological changes, suggesting a mechanism tightly coupled to mechanical strain. These results highlight the crucial role of surface history and nanoscale mechanics in dictating charge transfer, motivating further exploration of mechanisms such as mechanochemical bond cleavage and flexoelectric polarization.},
  author       = {Pertl, Felix},
  isbn         = {978-3-99078-083-1},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {107},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Experimental probing of nanoscale charge features and surface morphology changes during tribocharging}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-22684},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{21762,
  abstract     = {Bacteria, like eukaryotes, use conserved cytoskeletal systems for intracellular organization. The plasmid-encoded ParMRC system forms actin-like filaments that segregate low–copy number plasmids. In multicellular cyanobacteria such as Anabaena sp., we found that a chromosomally encoded ParMR system has evolved into a cytoskeletal system named CorMR with a function in cell shape control rather than DNA segregation. Live-cell imaging, in vitro reconstitution, and cryo–electron microscopy revealed that CorM formed dynamically unstable, antiparallel double-stranded filaments that were recruited to the membrane by CorR through an amphipathic helix conserved in multicellular cyanobacteria. CorMR filaments were regulated by MinC, which excluded them from the poles and division plane. Comparative genomics indicated that the repurposing of ParMR and Min systems coevolved with cyanobacterial multicellularity, highlighting the evolutionary plasticity of cytoskeletal systems in bacteria.},
  author       = {Springstein, Benjamin L and Javoor, Manjunath and Megrian, Daniela and Hajdu, Roman and Hanke, Dustin M. and Zens, Bettina and Weiss, Gregor L. and Schur, Florian Km and Loose, Martin},
  issn         = {1095-9203},
  journal      = {Science},
  number       = {6795},
  publisher    = {AAAS},
  title        = {{Repurposing of a DNA segregation machinery into a cytoskeletal system controlling cell shape}},
  doi          = {10.1126/science.aea6343},
  volume       = {392},
  year         = {2026},
}

@phdthesis{22744,
  author       = {Javoor, Manjunath},
  isbn         = {978-3-99078-090-9 },
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  keywords     = {Actin cytoskeleton, Cell migration, cryo-electron tomography},
  pages        = {121},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria },
  title        = {{Large-scale imaging of cellular actin networks at single filament resolution using montage cryo-electron tomography}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-22744},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{22751,
  abstract     = {The physical processes that led to the formation of billion-solar-mass black holes within the first 700 million years of cosmic time, a period known as cosmic dawn, remain a puzzle1. Several theoretical scenarios have been proposed to seed and rapidly grow black holes2,3,4, but direct observations of these mechanisms remain elusive. Here we present a source 660 million years after the Big Bang that exhibits singular properties: among the largest hydrogen Balmer breaks reported at any redshift, broad multi-peaked Hβ emission, and Balmer line absorption in several transitions. We model this source as an enshrouded black hole in which the Balmer break and absorption features are a result of extremely dense, turbulent gas forming a dust-free envelope around a supermassive black hole5,6. This source may provide evidence of an early black hole embedded in dense gas—a theoretical configuration proposed to rapidly grow black holes by super-Eddington accretion7,8. Radiation from the black hole seems to dominate almost all observed light, leaving limited room for contribution from its host galaxy. If the source merged with its brighter neighbour, it would resemble the recently discovered ‘little red dots’ with perplexing spectral energy distributions9,10,11. The redness of the black hole is due to gas, not dust12,13, and scattering, not kinematics, gives rise to the complex line shapes and luminosities—black hole masses of these sources may therefore be overestimated by orders of magnitude.},
  author       = {Naidu, Rohan P. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Katz, Harley and De Graaff, Anna and Oesch, Pascal A. and Smith, Aaron and Greene, Jenny E. and Brammer, Gabriel and Weibel, Andrea and Hviding, Raphael and Chisholm, John and Labbé, Ivo and Simcoe, Robert A. and Witten, Callum and Sun, Wendy Q. and Atek, Hakim and Baggen, Josephine F.W. and Belli, Sirio and Bezanson, Rachel and Boogaard, Leindert A. and Bose, Sownak and Bouwens, Rychard J. and Covelo-Paz, Alba and Dayal, Pratika and Fudamoto, Yoshinobu and Furtak, Lukas J. and Giovinazzo, Emma and Goulding, Andy and Gronke, Max and Heintz, Kasper E. and Hirschmann, Michaela and Illingworth, Garth and Inoue, Akio K. and Johnson, Benjamin D. and Leja, Joel and Leonova, Ecaterina and Mcconachie, Ian and Maseda, Michael V. and Natarajan, Priyamvada and Nelson, Erica and Setton, David J. and Shivaei, Irene and Sobral, David and Stefanon, Mauro and Tacchella, Sandro and Toft, Sune and Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto and Van Dokkum, Pieter and Van Der Wel, Arjen and Volonteri, Marta and Walter, Fabian and Wang, Bingjie and Watson, Darach and Whitaker, Katherine},
  issn         = {1476-4687},
  journal      = {Nature},
  number       = {8127},
  pages        = {329--333},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{A gas-enshrouded and gas-reddened black hole at cosmic dawn}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41586-026-10846-4},
  volume       = {656},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{22750,
  abstract     = {Robust oxygenic photosynthesis requires the efficient assembly and repair of the multi-subunit oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII) complex. Previous cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of PSII assembly/disassembly intermediates have relied on the analysis of deletion mutants or removal of PSII subunits in vitro. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of naturally occurring dimeric PSII intermediates from the cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vestitus at a resolution of about 2.2 Å. These intermediates contain inactive dimers lacking the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) and semi-active dimers with the OEC present in one of the two monomers. Our structural data provide a mechanism for how assembly and disassembly of the Mn4CaO5 cluster is coordinated with the binding and release of the extrinsic proteins: restructuring of the C-terminal tail of D1 subunit during assembly or disassembly of the Mn cluster triggers conformational changes in D2, CP47 and CP43 to drive the binding/release of the extrinsic proteins. A combination of structural and mass spectrometry data also suggests that the inactive PSII complexes may include damaged complexes containing oxidized D1-His332, a monodentate ligand to one of the Mn ions of the OEC.},
  author       = {Zhao, Ziyu and Vercellino, Irene and Whitelegge, Julian P. and Maghlaoui, Karim and Białek, Wojciech and Nixon, Peter J. and Sazanov, Leonid A},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Cryo-EM structures of naturally occurring dimeric photosystem II complexes lacking the Mn4CaO5 cluster}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-026-75324-x},
  volume       = {17},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{22752,
  abstract     = {In this note we outline a new and simple approach to proving central limit theorems for various ‘global’ graph parameters that have robust ‘local’ approximations, using the Efron–Stein inequality, which relies on a combinatorial analysis of the stability of these approximations under resampling an edge. As an application, we give short proofs of a central limit theorem for the order of the giant component and of the 𝑘
-core for sparse random graphs.},
  author       = {Anastos, Michael and Erde, Joshua and Kang, Mihyun and Pfenninger, Vincent},
  issn         = {1469-2120},
  journal      = {Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society},
  number       = {8},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{A short proof of a central limit theorem for the order of the giant component and k-core}},
  doi          = {10.1112/blms.70464},
  volume       = {58},
  year         = {2026},
}

@phdthesis{22664,
  abstract     = {The widespread adoption of apps like Whatsapp and Signal has translated into billions of people all around the world communicating on a regular basis by making use of services that offer end-to-end encryption and even provide security guarantees when a user's device is compromised.

This was made possible by the introduction of the Double Ratchet Algorithm~\cite{double_ratchet}, which was designed for a setting where communication takes place between two parties.
However, in practice, many apps offer the possibility of creating groups.
The protocols they use to secure communication are inefficient for large group which has the undesireable consequence that the aforementioned apps have established limits on the group size of roughly 1000 users.
This has motivated the introduction of the Messaging Layer Security (MLS) standard~\cite{rfc9420} by the IETF which is based on a primitive called Continuous Group Key Agreement (CGKA)~\cite{C:ACDT20}.

This primitive allows a group of users to maintain a shared secret key that is frequently rotated by the group members in order to change group membership, achieve forward secrecy (FS) and post compromise security (PCS).
Most protocols are based on binary trees where the nodes are associated to a pair formed by public key and a secret key.
Each leaf corresponds to one of the group members and a user knows the secret keys associated to nodes along the path from their leaf to the root.
When a user wants to update their key material they have to change $ \log(N) $ many keys.
This requires uploading $ \log(N) $ many ciphertexts to communicate the new keys to the rest of the group members in a way that respects the tree structure.

In this thesis we study how much communication between group members is required in order to add and remove users from a group as well as in order to provide PCS when we consider CGKAs built using standard cryptographic primitives like pseudo-random functions and public-key encryption. Furthermore, we also consider the case of MLS and provide the first lower bound showing that its communication complexity is much worse than previously believed, i.e., it is very far from $ \log(N) $.
Finally, we also propose a variant of MLS which provably achieves the same security properties with a much lower communication cost.},
  author       = {Cueto Noval, Miguel},
  isbn         = { 978-3-99078-087-9},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {187},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Towards efficient secure group messaging}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-22664},
  year         = {2026},
}

@inproceedings{22754,
  abstract     = {Quantitative automata (QAs) extend finite-state automata on infinite words with weighted transitions to specify quantitative system properties. However, their finite weight sets rule out properties like average response time, where response times can be arbitrarily large. Nested quantitative automata (NQAs) overcome this limitation: a parent automaton spawns child automata to compute unbounded values over finite infixes and aggregates them into a final result. Despite this expressiveness, NQAs have lacked practical tool support to date.

We close this gap by extending the Quantitative Automata Kit (QuAK), a software tool for QA analysis, to support NQAs. Our core contribution is implementing a suite of flattening procedures that reduce NQAs to QAs, leveraging QuAK’s existing decision procedures. These reductions preserve the answers to threshold decision problems, while allowing users to specify properties in the more expressive NQA formalism. The tool handles all combinations of parent aggregators (including limits and averages) and child functions (extrema and monotonic or bounded summations) for which emptiness and universality are known to be decidable. Experiments on response-time and resource-consumption benchmarks demonstrate QuAK’s effectiveness.},
  author       = {Henzinger, Thomas A and Mazzocchi, Nicolas Adrien and Sarac, Naci E and Yılmaz, Harun},
  booktitle    = {38th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification},
  isbn         = {9783032325259},
  issn         = {1611-3349},
  location     = {Lisbon, Portugal},
  pages        = {418--432},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Extending QuAK with nested quantitative automata}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-032-32526-6_20},
  volume       = {16683},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{22755,
  abstract     = {The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) posits how isolated quantum many-body systems thermalize, assuming that individual eigenstates at the same energy density have identical expectation values of local observables in the limit of large systems. While the ETH apparently holds across a wide range of interacting quantum systems, in this work, we show that it may require generalization in the presence of thermal first-order phase transitions. We introduce a class of all-to-all spin models, featuring first-order thermal phase transitions that stem from two distinct local maxima of entropy (two mean-field solutions that we dub “branches”) that exchange dominance in the many-body density of states as the energy is varied. We argue that, for energies in the vicinity of the thermal phase transition, eigenstate expectation values do not need to converge to the same thermal value. The system has a regime with coexistence of two classes of eigenstates corresponding to the two branches with distinct expectation values at the same energy density and another regime with Schrödinger-cat-like eigenstates that are interbranch superpositions; these two regimes are separated by an eigenstate phase transition. We propose a more general form of the ETH , support our results by semiclassical calculations and an exact diagonalization study of a microscopic spin model, and argue that the structure of eigenstates in the vicinity of thermal first-order phase transitions can be experimentally probed via nonequilibrium dynamics.},
  author       = {Serbyn, Maksym and Avdoshkin, Alexander and Diessel, Oriana K. and Huse, David A.},
  issn         = {2160-3308},
  journal      = {Physical Review X},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Eigenstate thermalization in thermal first-order phase transitions}},
  doi          = {10.1103/4zs8-7kf4},
  volume       = {16},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{22753,
  abstract     = {Radial glial progenitors (RGPs) produce all excitatory neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. Mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM)-based lineage tracing in vivo has revealed a quantitative framework of RGP lineage progression1. Here we established MADM technology2,3 in mouse embryonic stem cells to probe RGP lineage progression in a self-organizing cortical organoid system. We found that RGPs exhibit a high level of plasticity in proliferative potential in organoids rather than strict temporally stereotyped lineage progression as observed in vivo. RGPs in organoids showed increased lineage restriction, diminishing cell-type diversity in clones of cortical projection neurons, despite uniform single-cell transcriptional signatures of RGPs and a unitary lineage trajectory. Thus, critical non-cell-autonomous cues that are absent in self-organizing systems and/or the genuine stem cell niche are essential for faithful temporal control of RGP lineage progression and the generation of clonal cortical cell-type diversity.},
  author       = {Stouffer, Melissa A and Miranda, Osvaldo and Pauler, Florian and Pipicelli, Fabrizia and Streicher, Carmen and Cheung, Giselle T and Hippenmeyer, Simon},
  issn         = {1476-4687},
  journal      = {Nature},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Temporal uncoupling of radial glia lineage progression in cortical organoids}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41586-026-10916-7},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{22381,
  abstract     = {Context. X-ray binaries exhibit complex variability patterns studied in the power spectrum. These include the broadband noise (BBN)
components and various types of narrow components called quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). There is currently no consensus about
what determines the presence or absence of the BBN or what generates the QPOs. Many believe that QPO generation is due to framedragging effects caused by Lense–Thirring torques.
Aims. We investigated the potential impact of frame-dragging effects on the accretion disk itself. In particular, we focused on its
impact on the observed variability and on the presence (and types) of associated QPOs.
Methods. We made analytical estimates to assess the potential presence of a geometric warp in the inner accretion disk during state
transitions.
Results. We show that the presence of a warp can modify the spectral-timing properties in a way that matches the observed transition
between QPO types during outbursts. We also discuss the peculiar case of Cyg X-1, as well as how the hard-to-soft transition could
be driven by the warp itself.
Conclusions. The (expected) emergence of a warp provides a consistent explanation for the evolution of both the BBN and the QPO
properties during state transitions. This offers a first path toward unifying the variability of black hole X-ray binaries.},
  author       = {Marcel, G. and Turner, S. G. D. and Ricketts, B. J. and López-Barquero, V. and Buisson, D. J. K. and Vincentelli, F. and Middleton, M. and Reynolds, C.S. and Avara, Mark},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Disk warping and black hole X-ray binaries: I. Tentative unification of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202558103},
  volume       = {710},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{22771,
  abstract     = {Elucidating reaction mechanisms requires efficient generation of transition states (TSs) and products. Existing diffusion and sequence-based models accelerate parts of this process over traditional string-based methods, but typically still require manual enumeration of either TSs or products, and stochastic diffusion dynamics can be inefficient and hard to control. We introduce MolGEN, a conditional flow-matching framework that uses deterministic optimal transport to map Gaussian priors to chemical distributions. For TS generation, MolGEN improves TS geometry and barrier-height prediction over diffusion models while enabling sub-second sampling. For reaction product generation, it achieves competitive top-k accuracy while preserving mass and electron balance. Using the same backbone for TS and product sampling, MolGEN enables template-free generative exploration of reaction networks without the repeated quantum-chemistry searches required by prior methods. For the γ-ketohydroperoxide decomposition network, it produces more valid TSs than string-based methods using only 12 quantum-chemistry evaluations instead of 1156, and identifies a lower-barrier pathway.},
  author       = {Tuo, Ping and Chen, Jiale and Li, Ju},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Flow matching for reaction pathway generation}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-026-75654-w},
  volume       = {17},
  year         = {2026},
}

@misc{22852,
  abstract     = {This Research Data contains supplemental videos for Chapter 4 "Designing bistable nanostructures for target behavior" of my PhD Thesis "Biological functionality without biochemistry: designing nanomachines for target behavior".
Supplemental video 1: Video showing the transition pathway of a bistable nanostructure with sphere-based arms, corresponding to the Machine in Scenario 4.
Supplemental video 2: Video showing the transition pathway of the Source in Scenario 1. The arm tips change sides during the transition, demonstrating that the arms pass through each other.
Supplemental video 3: Video showing the transition pathway of a fully polyhedral hinge structure with unconstrained arms. Note that we only show the ends of the arms.
Supplemental video 4: Video showing the transition pathway of the coupled energy-delivery reaction of a Machine (gray) and a Source (blue) nanostructure for the optimized parameters in Scenario 3. Note that we only show the ends of the arms.},
  author       = {Ehrmann, Andreas},
  keywords     = {functional nanostructures, bistability, target behavior, transition pathway},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Supplemental videos for Designing bistable nanostructures for target behavior}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-22852},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{22769,
  abstract     = {Using transition metals efficiently in aqueous batteries requires transferring multiple electrons per metal, which leads to difficult-to-manage conversion reactions. It is now shown how vanadium can be changed from one-electron insertion to four-electron conversion.},
  author       = {Freunberger, Stefan Alexander},
  issn         = {1476-4660},
  journal      = {Nature Materials},
  number       = {9},
  pages        = {1482--1483},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Triggering conversion in vanadium electrodes}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41563-026-02714-3},
  volume       = {25},
  year         = {2026},
}