@unpublished{21427,
  abstract     = {While tumor malignancy has been extensively studied under the prism of genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity, tumor cell states also critically depend on reciprocal interactions with the microenvironment. This raises the hitherto untested possibility that heterogeneity of the untransformed tumor stroma can actively fuel malignant progression. As biological heterogeneity is inherently difficult to control, we adopted a reductionist approach and let tumor cells invade micro-engineered environments harboring obstacles with precision-controlled geometry. We find that not only the presence of obstacles, but more surprisingly their spatial disorder, causes a drastic shift from a collective to a single-cell mode of invasion – comparable in strength to cadherin loss. Combining live-imaging and perturbation experiments with minimal biophysical modeling, we demonstrate that cell detachments result both from local geometrical constraints and a global integration of spatial disorder over time. We show that different types of microenvironments map onto different universality classes of invasion dynamics - homogeneous substrates follow Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) scaling, while disordered ones exhibit exponents consistent with KPZ with quenched disorder (KPZq). Our findings highlight generic physical principles for how the mode of cancer cell invasion depends on environmental heterogeneity, with potential implications to understand tumor evolution in vivo.},
  author       = {Dunajova, Zuzana and Tasciyan, Saren and Majek, Juraj and Merrin, Jack and Sahai, Erik and Sixt, Michael K and Hannezo, Edouard B},
  publisher    = {bioRxiv},
  title        = {{Substrate heterogeneity promotes cancer cell dissemination through interface roughening}},
  doi          = {10.1101/2025.05.20.655037},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21431,
  abstract     = {Several optical experiments have shown that in magnetic materials, the principal axes of response tensors can rotate as an odd function of an applied magnetic field. Here we offer a microscopic explanation of this effect, and we propose a closely related dc transport phenomenon—an off-diagonal symmetric conductivity, linear and odd in a magnetic field, which we refer to as linear magnetoconductivity (LMC). Although LMC has the same functional dependence on a magnetic field as the Hall effect, its origin is fundamentally different: LMC requires time-reversal symmetry to be broken even before a magnetic field is applied, and is therefore a sensitive probe of magnetism. We demonstrate LMC in three different ways: via a tight-binding toy model, a density functional theory calculation on MnPSe3, and a semiclassical treatment. The third approach identifies two distinct mechanisms yielding LMC: momentum-dependent band magnetization and Berry curvature. Finally, we propose an experimental geometry suitable for detecting LMC, and we demonstrate its applicability using Landauer-Büttiker simulations. Our results emphasize the importance of measuring the full conductivity tensor in magnetic materials, and they introduce LMC as a new transport probe of symmetry.},
  author       = {Sunko, Veronika and Liu, C. and Vila, M. and Na, I. and Tang, Y. and Kozii, V. and Griffin, S. M. and Moore, J. E. and Orenstein, J.},
  issn         = {2469-9969},
  journal      = {Physical Review B},
  number       = {13},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Linear magnetoconductivity as a probe of time-reversal symmetry breaking}},
  doi          = {10.1103/33ns-8gwj},
  volume       = {112},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21432,
  abstract     = {The interplay between symmetry and topology in magnetic materials makes it possible to engineer exotic phases and technologically useful properties. A key requirement for these pursuits is achieving control over local crystallographic and magnetic structure, usually through sample morphology (such as synthesis of bulk crystals versus thin films) and application of magnetic or electric fields. Here we show that V1/3NbS2 can be crystallized in two ordered superlattices, distinguished by the periodicity of out-of-plane magnetic intercalants. Whereas one of these structures is metallic and displays the hallmarks of altermagnetism, the other superlattice, which has not been isolated before in this family of intercalation compounds, is a semimetallic noncollinear antiferromagnet that may enable access to topologically nontrivial properties. This observation of an unconventional superlattice structure establishes a powerful route for tailoring the tremendous array of magnetic and electronic behaviors hosted in related materials and may expand their use in low-power spintronic or topological quantum devices.},
  author       = {Fender, Shannon S. and Schnitzer, Noah and Fang, Wuzhang and Bhatt, Lopa and Huang, Dingbin and Malik, Amani and Gonzalez, Oscar and Sunko, Veronika and Xie, Lilia S. and Muller, David A. and Orenstein, Joseph and Ping, Yuan and Goodge, Berit H. and Bediako, D. Kwabena},
  issn         = {1520-5126},
  journal      = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
  number       = {36},
  pages        = {32315--32320},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Unconventional superlattice ordering in intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide V1/3NbS2}},
  doi          = {10.1021/jacs.5c07385},
  volume       = {147},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21433,
  abstract     = {Altermagnets, magnetic materials with zero magnetization and spin-split band structure, have gained tremendous attention recently for their rich physics and potential applications. Here, we report on a microscopic tight-binding model that unveils a unique coupling between orbitals and spins in 𝑑-wave altermagnets, which gives rise to momentum-dependent and spin-selective optical absorption. This coupling promotes the controlled optical excitation of up or down spins depending on the polarization direction of linearly polarized light. Such an effect originates from the coupling of orbitals to the sublattice degree of freedom through the crystal field, which is then coupled to spins through the antiferromagnetic interaction. Our crystal field analysis, which is general to any type of altermagnet, helps understand the onset of altermagnetism from a microscopic point of view, and we use our results to propose clear magneto-optical signatures of our predictions. Our findings shine light on the interplay between orbitals and spins in altermagnets, thus paving the way towards novel orbitronic and optospintronic devices.},
  author       = {Vila, Marc and Sunko, Veronika and Moore, Joel E.},
  issn         = {2469-9969},
  journal      = {Physical Review B},
  number       = {2},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Orbital-spin locking and its optical signatures in altermagnets}},
  doi          = {10.1103/bzzy-ngcs},
  volume       = {112},
  year         = {2025},
}

@unpublished{21434,
  abstract     = {Goldstone modes acquire a frequency gap in the presence of perturbations that break the underlying continuous symmetry. Here, we study the response of a spin-based Goldstone mode to strain and magnetic field in the broken helix, a multi-$\textbf{Q}$ phase of EuIn$_2$As$_2$. Optical polarimetry with spatial and temporal resolution allows us to access information about both the structure and frequency of optically excited spin-wave modes under different strain conditions. We observe nearly uniform spin precession characteristic of a Goldstone mode only when magnetic field dominates over strain. In this regime, the frequency depends linearly on the applied field. A symmetry analysis for predicting the mode frequency near zero field demonstrates that the observed scaling is of the lowest allowed order. This work thus demonstrates the connections between magnetic symmetries and the frequency dependence of the Goldstone mode in an external field, and illustrates the power of our technique for studying the dynamics of complex magnets.},
  author       = {Alex Liebman-Pelaez, Alex Liebman-Pelaez and Garratt, Samuel J. and Sunko, Veronika and Sun, Yue and Soh, Jian R. and Prabhakaran, Dharmalingam and Boothroyd, Andrew T. and Orenstein, Joseph},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  title        = {{Goldstone mode of the broken helix in U(1) magnet EuIn2As2}},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2501.09084},
  year         = {2025},
}

@unpublished{21435,
  abstract     = {Multiferroic materials, in which electric polarization and magnetic order coexist and couple, offer rich opportunities for both fundamental discovery and technology. However, multiferroicity remains rare due to conflicting electronic requirements for ferroelectricity and magnetism. One route to circumvent this challenge is to exploit the noncollinear ordering of spin cycloids, whose symmetry permits the emergence of polar order. In this work, we introduce another pathway to multiferroic order in which strain generates polarization in materials that host nonpolar spin spirals. To demonstrate this phenomenon, we chose the spin spiral in the well-studied helimagnet Cr1/3NbS2. To detect the induced polarization, we introduce the technique of magnetoelectric birefringence (MEB), an optical probe that enables spatially-resolved and unambiguous detection of polar order. By combining MEB imaging with strain engineering, we confirm the onset of a polar vector at the magnetic transition, establishing strained Cr1/3NbS2 as a type-II multiferroic.},
  author       = {Sun, Y. and Ahn, Y. and Sapkota, D. and Arachchige, H. S. and Xue, R. and Mozaffari, S. and Mandrus, D. G. and Zhao, L. and Orenstein, J. and Sunko, Veronika},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  title        = {{Strain-induced multiferroicity in Cr1/3NbS2}},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2510.11619},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21474,
  abstract     = {Rendering novel, relit views of a human head, given a monocular portrait image as input, is an inherently underconstrained problem. The traditional graphics solution is to explicitly decompose the input image into geometry, material and lighting via differentiable rendering; but this is constrained by the multiple assumptions and approximations of the underlying models and parameterizations of these scene components. We propose 3DPR, an image-based relighting model that leverages generative priors learnt from multi-view One-Light-at-A-Time (OLAT) images captured in a light stage. We introduce a new diverse and large-scale multi-view 4K OLAT dataset of 139 subjects to learn a high-quality prior over the distribution of high-frequency face reflectance. We leverage the latent space of a pre-trained generative head model that provides a rich prior over face geometry learnt from in-the-wild image datasets. The input portrait is first embedded in the latent manifold of such a model through an encoder-based inversion process. Then a novel triplane-based reflectance network trained on our lightstage data is used to synthesize high-fidelity OLAT images to enable image-based relighting. Our reflectance network operates in the latent space of the generative head model, crucially enabling a relatively small number of lightstage images to train the reflectance model. Combining the generated OLATs according to a given HDRI environment maps yields physically accurate environmental relighting results. Through quantitative and qualitative evaluations, we demonstrate that 3DPR outperforms previous methods, particularly in preserving identity and in capturing lighting effects such as specularities, self-shadows, and subsurface scattering.},
  author       = {Rao, Pramod and Meka, Abhimitra and Zhou, Xilong and Fox, Gereon and Mallikarjun, B. R. and Zhan, Fangneng and Weyrich, Tim and Bickel, Bernd and Pfister, Hanspeter and Matusik, Wojciech and Beeler, Thabo and Elgharib, Mohamed and Habermann, Marc and Theobalt, Christian},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings SIGGRAPH Asia 2025 Conference Papers 2025},
  isbn         = {9798400721373},
  location     = {Hong Kong, Hong Kong},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  title        = {{3DPR: Single image 3D portrait relighting with generative priors}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3757377.3763962},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21515,
  abstract     = {The property of a physical system is highly dependent on its dimensionality. Topological physics in three or more dimensions exhibits rich phenomena without lower-dimensional counterparts. In this paper, the authors propose a scheme to implement such high-dimensional topological physics in a single photonic ring resonator, where the model of interest can be arbitrarily high dimensional and arbitrarily multi-band. The frequency modes in the resonator, coupled via electro-optic modulation, are used to create a high-dimensional lattice, and the spatial modes are used as the pseudo-spin degree of freedom within each lattice site. The band structure of the model can be measured from the transmission spectrum of the ring resonator. The authors numerically demonstrate as examples a three-dimensional, two-band model and a five-dimensional, four-band model. This paper establishes a versatile and programmable platform for high-dimensional topological physics, paving the way for its experimental studies and future applications.},
  author       = {Cheng, Dali and Wang, Heming and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Zhong, Janet and Fan, Shanhui},
  issn         = {2950-6360},
  journal      = {Newton},
  number       = {7},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Creating high-dimensional topological physics using a single ring resonator}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.newton.2025.100163},
  volume       = {1},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21521,
  abstract     = {Fast-emitting scintillators are essential for advanced diagnostic techniques, yet many suffer from low radiation attenuation. This trade-off is particularly pronounced in polymer scintillators, which, despite their fast emission, exhibit low density and low atomic numbers, limiting the radiation attenuation factor, resulting in low detection efficiency. Here, we overcome this limitation by creating a heterostructure scintillator of alternating nanometric layers, combining fast light-emitting polymer scintillator layers and transparent stopping layers with a high radiation attenuation factor. The nanolayer thicknesses are tuned to optimize the penetration depth of recoil electrons in active emissive layers, maximizing the conversion of X-rays to visible light. This design increases light output by up to 1.5 times and enhances imaging resolution by a factor of 2 compared to homogeneous polymer scintillators due to the ability to use thinner samples. These results demonstrate the potential of heterostructure scintillators as next-generation detector materials, overcoming the limitations of homogeneous scintillators.},
  author       = {Be’er, Orr and Shultzman, Avner and Strassberg, Rotem and Dosovitskiy, Georgy and Veber, Noam and Schuetz, Roman and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Kaminer, Ido and Bekenstein, Yehonadav},
  issn         = {1530-6992},
  journal      = {Nano Letters},
  keywords     = {Scintillator, Heterostructure, Thin film, X-ray imaging, X-ray detector},
  number       = {9},
  pages        = {3422--3429},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Heterostructure nanoscintillator for matching radiation absorbing layers with fast light-emitting layers}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c05353},
  volume       = {25},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21524,
  abstract     = {In X-ray tubes, more than 99% of the kilowatts of power supplied to generate X-rays via bremsstrahlung is lost as heat in the anode. Therefore, thermal management is a critical barrier to the development of more powerful X-ray tubes with higher brightness and spatial coherence, which are needed to translate imaging modalities such as phase-contrast imaging to the clinic. In rotating anode X-ray tubes, the most common design, thermal radiation is a bottleneck that prevents efficient cooling of the anode─the hottest part of the device by far. We predict that nanophotonic patterning of the anode of an X-ray tube enhances heat dissipation via thermal radiation, enabling it to operate at higher powers without an increase in temperature. The focal spot size, which is related to the spatial coherence of generated X-rays, can also be reduced at a constant temperature. A major advantage of our “nanophotonic thermal management” approach is that in principle, it allows complete control over the spectrum and direction of thermal radiation, which can lead to optimal thermal routing and improved performance.},
  author       = {Pajovic, Simo and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Choi, Seou and Kooi, Steven E. and Gupta, Rajiv and Zalis, Michael E. and Čelanović, Ivan and Soljačić, Marin},
  issn         = {1936-086X},
  journal      = {ACS Nano},
  keywords     = {X-ray tubes, thermal management, nanophotonics, thermal radiation, X-ray imaging, high-temperature},
  number       = {35},
  pages        = {31363--31370},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Nanophotonic thermal management in X-ray tubes}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acsnano.5c05186},
  volume       = {19},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21530,
  abstract     = {Metasurfaces, ultrathin structures composed of subwavelength optical elements, have revolutionized light manipulation by enabling precise control over electromagnetic waves’ amplitude, phase, polarization, and spectral properties. Concurrently, computational imaging leverages algorithms to reconstruct images from optically processed signals, overcoming the limitations of traditional imaging systems. This Perspective explores the synergistic integration of metaoptics and computational imaging, “metaoptic computational imaging”, which combines the physical wavefront shaping ability of metasurfaces with advanced computational algorithms to enhance imaging performance beyond conventional limits. We discuss how metaoptic computational imaging addresses the inherent limitations of single-layer metasurfaces in achieving multifunctionality without compromising efficiency. By treating metasurfaces as physical preconditioners and codesigning them with reconstruction algorithms through end-to-end (inverse) design, it is possible to jointly optimize the optical hardware and computational software. Advanced applications and new frontiers in the field enabled by metaoptic computational imaging are highlighted, including phase imaging and quantum state measurement.},
  author       = {Roques-Carmes, Charles and Wang, Kai and Yang, Yuanmu and Majumdar, Arka and Lin, Zin},
  issn         = {2330-4022},
  journal      = {ACS Photonics},
  keywords     = {nanophotonics, metasurfaces, computational imaging, inverse design},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {1722--1733},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Metaoptic computational imaging}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02266},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21531,
  abstract     = {Entanglement is a unique feature of quantum mechanics. In coupled systems of light and matter, entanglement manifests itself in the linear superposition of multipartite quantum states (e.g., parametrized by the multiple spatial, spectral, or temporal degrees of freedom of a light field). In bipartite systems, the Schmidt decomposition provides a modal decomposition of the entanglement structure over independent, separable states. Although ubiquitous as a mathematical tool to describe and measure entanglement, there exists no general efficient experimental method to decompose a bipartite quantum state onto its Schmidt modes. Here, we propose a method that relies on bipartite self-configuring optics that automatically ``learns'' the Schmidt decomposition of an arbitrary pure quantum state. Our method is agnostic to the degrees of freedom over which quantum entanglement is distributed and can reconstruct the Schmidt modes and values by variational optimization of the network's output powers or coincidences. We illustrate our method with numerical examples of spectral entanglement analysis for biphotons generated via spontaneous parametric down conversion and provide experimental guidelines for its realization, including the influence of losses and impurities. Our method provides a versatile and scalable way of analyzing entanglement in bipartite integrated quantum photonic systems. },
  author       = {Roques-Carmes, Charles and Karnieli, Aviv and Miller, David A. B. and Fan, Shanhui},
  issn         = {2330-4022},
  journal      = {ACS Photonics},
  keywords     = {integrated photonics, spontaneous parametric down conversion, entanglement, quantum teleportation, reconfigurable optics},
  number       = {6},
  pages        = {3285--3294},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Automated modal analysis of entanglement with bipartite self-configuring optics}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00813},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21536,
  abstract     = {Scintillators have been widely used in X-ray imaging due to their ability to convert high-energy radiation into visible light, making them essential for applications such as medical imaging and high-energy physics. Recent advances in the artificial structuring of scintillators offer new opportunities for improving the energy resolution of scintillator-based X-ray detectors. Here, we present a three-bin energy-resolved X-ray imaging framework based on a three-layer multicolor scintillator used in conjunction with a physics-aware image postprocessing algorithm. The multicolor scintillator is able to preserve X-ray energy information through the combination of emission wavelength multiplexing and energy-dependent isolation of X-ray absorption in specific layers. The dominant emission color and the radius of the spot measured by the detector are used to infer the incident X-ray energy based on prior knowledge of the energy-dependent absorption profiles of the scintillator stack. Through ab initio Monte Carlo simulations, we show that our approach can achieve an energy reconstruction accuracy of 49.7%, which is only 2% below the maximum accuracy achievable with realistic scintillators. We apply our framework to medical phantom imaging simulations where we demonstrate that it can effectively differentiate iodine and gadolinium-based contrast agents from bone, muscle, and soft tissue.},
  author       = {Min, Seokhwan and Choi, Seou and Pajovic, Simo and Vaidya, Sachin and Rivera, Nicholas and Fan, Shanhui and Soljačić, Marin and Roques-Carmes, Charles},
  issn         = {2047-7538},
  journal      = {Light: Science & Applications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{End-to-end design of multicolor scintillators for enhanced energy resolution in X-ray imaging}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41377-025-01836-8},
  volume       = {14},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21541,
  abstract     = {Scintillators convert X-ray energy into visible light and are critical for imaging technologies. Their widespread use relies on scalable, high-quality manufacturing methods. Nanophotonic scintillators, featuring wavelength-scale nanostructures, can offer improved emission properties such as higher light yield, shorter decay times, and enhanced directionality. However, achieving scalable fabrication of these structures remains challenging. Here, we present a scalable fabrication method for large-area nanophotonic scintillators based on the self-assembly of chalcogenide glass photonic crystals. This technique enables the production of nanophotonic scintillators over wafer-scale areas, achieving a six-fold enhancement in light yield compared to unpatterned scintillators. By studying surface nanofabrication disorder, we show its impact on imaging performance and provide a route towards scintillation enhancements without compromising resolution. We demonstrate the practical applicability of our nanophotonic scintillators through X-ray imaging of biological and inorganic specimens. Our results could enable the industrial implementation of a new generation of nanophotonic-enhanced scintillators.},
  author       = {Martin-Monier, Louis and Pajovic, Simo and Abebe, Muluneh G. and Chen, Joshua and Vaidya, Sachin and Min, Seokhwan and Choi, Seou and Kooi, Steven E. and Maes, Bjorn and Hu, Juejun and Soljačić, Marin and Roques-Carmes, Charles},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Large-scale self-assembled nanophotonic scintillators for X-ray imaging}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-025-60953-5},
  volume       = {16},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21542,
  abstract     = {Nonlinear optics has become the workhorse for countless applications in classical and quantum optics, from optical bistability to single photon pair generation. However, the intrinsic weakness of optical nonlinearity and reciprocity of nonlinear interactions generally places stringent limits on the efficiency of nonlinear optical processes and their ability to be tailored for advanced applications in multimode systems. Here, motivated by recent advances in using non-Hermitian photonics and gain/loss engineering to enable non-reciprocal light transport, we explore how the interplay between non-Hermiticity and optical nonlinearity leads to a fundamentally new regime of nonlinear frequency conversion. We show how non-Hermitian coupling between discrete frequency modes can result in non-reciprocal flow of energy in a frequency dimension, closely resembling the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). Applying our theory to a multimode nonlinear cavity supporting cascaded nonlinear processes, we demonstrate chiral energy flow in a frequency dimension, leading to long-range frequency shifts of quasi-continuous wave sources, shaped frequency combs robust to defects and disorder, terahertz (THz) generation far exceeding the Manley-Rowe limit, and nonlinear multimodal limit cycles for multi-frequency pump-probe spectroscopy.},
  author       = {Pontula, Sahil and Vaidya, Sachin and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Uddin, Shiekh Zia and Soljačić, Marin and Salamin, Yannick},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Non-reciprocal frequency conversion in a non-Hermitian multimode nonlinear system}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-025-62853-0},
  volume       = {16},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21543,
  abstract     = {Observing non-classical properties of light is a long-standing interest to advance a wide range of quantum applications. Optical cavities are essential to generate and manipulate non-classical light. However, detecting changes in cavity properties induced by the quantum state remains a critical challenge in the optical domain due to the weak material nonlinearity. Here, we propose a framework for observing the dynamics of quantum states generated inside nonlinear optical cavities. We leverage the symmetry-breaking process of a bistable system, which is highly sensitive to the initial state, enabling detection of quantum state displacement through an asymmetric equilibrium of a macroscopic observable. With a nonlinear response at the single photon level, our approach directly imprints the cavity field distribution onto the statistics of bistable cavity steady-states. We experimentally demonstrate our approach in a degenerate optical parametric oscillator, generating and reconstructing different quantum states. As a validation, we reconstruct the Husimi Q function of the cavity squeezed vacuum state. In addition, we observe the evolution of the quantum vacuum state inside the cavity as it undergoes phase-sensitive amplification. By enabling generation and measurement of quantum states in a single nonlinear optical cavity, our method paves a way for studying exotic dynamics of quantum optical states in nonlinear driven-dissipative systems.},
  author       = {Choi, Seou and Salamin, Yannick and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Sloan, Jamison and Horodynski, Michael and Soljačić, Marin},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Observing the dynamics of quantum states generated inside nonlinear optical cavities}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-025-63035-8},
  volume       = {16},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21544,
  abstract     = {Lasers with high intensity generally exhibit strong intensity fluctuations far above the shot-noise level. Taming this noise is pivotal to a wide range of applications, both classical and quantum. Here we demonstrate the creation of intense light with quantum levels of noise even when starting from inputs with large amounts of excess noise. In particular, we demonstrate how intense squeezed light with intensities approaching 0.1 TW cm−2, but noise at or below the shot-noise level, can be produced from noisy inputs associated with high-power amplified laser sources (an overall noise reduction of 30-fold). On the basis of a new theory of quantum noise in multimode systems, we show that the ability to generate quantum light from noisy inputs results from multimode quantum correlations, which maximally decouple the output light from the dominant noise channels in the input light. As an example, we demonstrate this effect for femtosecond pulses in nonlinear fibres, but the noise-immune correlations that enable our results are generic to many other nonlinear systems in optics and beyond.},
  author       = {Zia Uddin, Shiekh and Rivera, Nicholas and Seyler, Devin and Sloan, Jamison and Salamin, Yannick and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Xu, Shutao and Sander, Michelle Y. and Kaminer, Ido and Soljačić, Marin},
  issn         = {1749-4893},
  journal      = {Nature Photonics},
  pages        = {751--757},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Noise-immune quantum correlations of intense light}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41566-025-01677-2},
  volume       = {19},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21548,
  abstract     = {Non-Abelian gauge fields provide a conceptual framework to describe particles
having spins, underlying many phenomena in electrodynamics, condensed-matter
physics and particle physics. Lattice models of non-Abelian gauge fields allow us
to understand their physical implications in extended systems. The theoretical
importance of non-Abelian lattice gauge fields motivates their experimental synthesis
and explorations. Photons are fundamental particles for which artificial gauge fields
can be synthesized, yet the demonstration of non-Abelian lattice gauge fields for
photons has not been achieved. Here we demonstrate SU(2) lattice gauge fields for
photons in the synthetic frequency dimensions, a playground to study lattice
physics in a scalable and programmable way. In our lattice model, we theoretically
observe that homogeneous non-Abelian lattice gauge potentials induce Dirac cones
at time-reversal-invariant momenta in the Brillouin zone. We experimentally confirm
the presence of non-Abelian lattice gauge fields by two signatures: linear band
crossings at the Dirac cones, and the associated direction reversal of eigenstate
trajectories. We further demonstrate a non-Abelian scalar lattice gauge potential that
lifts the degeneracies of the Dirac cones. Our results highlight the implications of
non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in topological physics, and provide a starting point
for demonstrations of emerging non-Abelian physics in the photonic synthetic
dimensions. Our results may also benefit photonic technologies by providing controls
of photon spins and pseudo-spins in topologically non-trivial ways.},
  author       = {Cheng, Dali and Wang, Kai and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Lustig, Eran and Long, Olivia Y. and Wang, Heming and Fan, Shanhui},
  issn         = {1476-4687},
  journal      = {Nature},
  number       = {8044},
  pages        = {52--56},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2},
  volume       = {637},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21549,
  abstract     = {Integrated photonics, particularly silicon photonics, have emerged as cutting-edge technology driven by promising applications such as short-reach communications, autonomous driving, biosensing and photonic computing1,2,3,4. As advances in AI lead to growing computing demands, photonic computing has gained considerable attention as an appealing candidate. Nonetheless, there are substantial technical challenges in the scaling up of integrated photonics systems to realize these advantages, such as ensuring consistent performance gains in upscaled integrated device clusters, establishing standard designs and verification processes for complex circuits, as well as packaging large-scale systems. These obstacles arise primarily because of the relative immaturity of integrated photonics manufacturing and the scarcity of advanced packaging solutions involving photonics. Here we report a large-scale integrated photonic accelerator comprising more than 16,000 photonic components. The accelerator is designed to deliver standard linear matrix multiply–accumulate (MAC) functions, enabling computing with high speed up to 1 GHz frequency and low latency as small as 3 ns per cycle. Logic, memory and control functions that support photonic matrix MAC operations were designed into a cointegrated electronics chip. To seamlessly integrate the electronics and photonics chips at the commercial scale, we have made use of an innovative 2.5D hybrid advanced packaging approach. Through the development of this accelerator system, we demonstrate an ultralow computation latency for heuristic solvers of computationally hard Ising problems whose performance greatly relies on the computing latency.},
  author       = {Hua, Shiyue and Divita, Erwan and Yu, Shanshan and Peng, Bo and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Su, Zhan and Chen, Zhang and Bai, Yanfei and Zou, Jinghui and Zhu, Yunpeng and Xu, Yelong and Lu, Cheng-kuan and Di, Yuemiao and Chen, Hui and Jiang, Lushan and Wang, Lijie and Ou, Longwu and Zhang, Chaohong and Chen, Junjie and Zhang, Wen and Zhu, Hongyan and Kuang, Weijun and Wang, Long and Meng, Huaiyu and Steinman, Maurice and Shen, Yichen},
  issn         = {1476-4687},
  journal      = {Nature},
  pages        = {361--367},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{An integrated large-scale photonic accelerator with ultralow latency}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41586-025-08786-6},
  volume       = {640},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21550,
  abstract     = {Optical computing often employs tailor-made hardware to implement specific algorithms, trading generality for improved performance in key aspects like speed and power efficiency. An important computing approach that is still missing its corresponding optical hardware is probabilistic computing, used e.g. for solving difficult combinatorial optimization problems. In this study, we propose an experimentally viable photonic approach to solve arbitrary probabilistic computing problems. Our method relies on the insight that coherent Ising machines composed of coupled and biased optical parametric oscillators can emulate stochastic logic. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by using numerical simulations equivalent to the full density matrix formulation of coupled optical parametric oscillators.},
  author       = {Horodynski, Michael and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Salamin, Yannick and Choi, Seou and Sloan, Jamison and Luo, Di and Soljačić, Marin},
  issn         = {2399-3650},
  journal      = {Communications Physics},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Stochastic logic in biased coupled photonic probabilistic bits}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s42005-025-01953-1},
  volume       = {8},
  year         = {2025},
}