@article{21159,
abstract = {One of the foundational theorems of extremal graph theory is Dirac’s theorem, which
says that if an n-vertex graph G has minimum degree at least n/2, then G has a
Hamilton cycle, and therefore a perfect matching (if n is even). Later work by Sárközy,
Selkow and Szemerédi showed that in fact Dirac graphs have many Hamilton cycles
and perfect matchings, culminating in a result of Cuckler and Kahn that gives a precise
description of the numbers of Hamilton cycles and perfect matchings in a Dirac graph
G (in terms of an entropy-like parameter of G). In this paper we extend Cuckler
and Kahn’s result to perfect matchings in hypergraphs. For positive integers d < k,
and for n divisible by k, let md (k, n) be the minimum d-degree that ensures the
existence of a perfect matching in an n-vertex k-uniform hypergraph. In general, it is
an open question to determine (even asymptotically) the values of md (k, n), but we are
nonetheless able to prove an analogue of the Cuckler–Kahn theorem, showing that if
an n-vertex k-uniform hypergraph G has minimum d-degree at least (1+γ )md (k, n)
(for any constantγ > 0), then the number of perfect matchings in G is controlled by
an entropy-like parameter of G. This strengthens cruder estimates arising from work
of Kang–Kelly–Kühn–Osthus–Pfenninger and Pham–Sah–Sawhney–Simkin.},
author = {Kwan, Matthew Alan and Safavi Hemami, Roodabeh and Wang, Yiting},
issn = {1439-6912},
journal = {Combinatorica},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
title = {{Counting perfect matchings in Dirac hypergraphs}},
doi = {10.1007/s00493-025-00194-8},
volume = {46},
year = {2026},
}
@misc{21174,
abstract = {UTe2 exhibits the remarkable phenomenon of re-entrant superconductivity, whereby the zero-resistance state reappears above 40 tesla after being suppressed with a field of around 10 tesla. One potential pairing mechanism, invoked in the related re-entrant superconductors UCoGe and URhGe, involves transverse fluctuations of a ferromagnetic order parameter. However, the requisite ferromagnetic order - present in both UCoGe and URhGe - is absent in UTe2, and magnetization measurements show no sign of strong fluctuations. Here, we measure the magnetotropic susceptibility of UTe2 across two field-angle planes. This quantity is sensitive to the magnetic susceptibility in a direction transverse to the applied magnetic field - a quantity that is not accessed in conventional magnetization measurements. We observe a very large decrease in the magnetotropic susceptibility over a broad range of field orientations, indicating a large increase in the transverse magnetic susceptibility. The three superconducting phases of UTe2, including the high-field re-entrant phase, surround this region of enhanced susceptibility in the field-angle phase diagram. The strongest transverse susceptibility is found near the critical end point of the high-field metamagnetic transition, suggesting that quantum critical fluctuations of a field-induced magnetic order parameter may be responsible for the large transverse susceptibility, and may provide a pairing mechanism for field-induced superconductivity in UTe2.},
author = {Modic, Kimberly A},
keywords = {transverse magnetic susceptibility, magnetotropic, superconductivity, magnetic fluctuations},
publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
title = {{Research data for "Giant transverse magnetic fluctuations at the edge of re-entrant superconductivity in UTe2"}},
doi = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-21174},
year = {2026},
}
@unpublished{21212,
abstract = {Malignant glioma is incurable. Using a mouse genetic mosaic system to generate sporadic Trp53,Nf1-null OPCs, we previously identified oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) as a cell-of-origin of glioma. Here, we report that pre-malignant Trp53,Nf1-null OPCs outcompete wildtype counterparts during their expansion. Blocking competition by mutating/strengthening wildtype OPCs impeded both pre-malignant progression and malignant expansion of glioma.
“In-tissue” phosphoproteomic profiling revealed an enrichment of phosphopeptides related to RNA splicing and protein translation at the peak of cell competition, suggesting that competitiveness may stem from unique protein species. Among candidates was mTORC1, whose pharmacological inhibition or genetic disruption resulted in a loss of competitiveness in our mouse model. Finally, analysis of patient biopsies and interrogating the role of individual gliomagenic mutations in OPC competition supported its relevance in human gliomas. Together, these findings identified the driving role of competitive interactions among OPCs in gliomagenesis, and suggest unconventional therapeutic strategies to target this process.},
author = {Jiang, Ying and Ahn, Ryuhjin and Huang, Arthur and Gonzalez, Phillippe P. and Kim, Jungeun and Zhang, Guoxin and Liu, Zihao and He, Zhenqiang and Dudley, Lindsey and Patel, Kunal S. and Dzhivhuho, Godfrey A. and Crowl, Sam and Przanowski, Piotr and Camacho, Luisa Quesada and Hao, Sijie and Zeng, Jianhao and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Fallahi-Sichani, Mohammad and Janes, Kevin A. and Naegle, Kristen M. and Hammarskjold, Marie-Louise and Goldman, Steven A. and Kornblum, Harley I. and Yao, Maojin and White, Forest and Zong, Hui},
booktitle = {bioRxiv},
title = {{Critical role of cell competition in gliomagenesis}},
doi = {10.64898/2026.01.15.699808},
year = {2026},
}
@inbook{21230,
abstract = {Asteroseismology is the study of the interior physics and structure of stars using their pulsations. It is applicable to stars across the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram and a powerful technique not only to measure masses, radii, and ages but also directly constrain interior rotation, chemical mixing, and magnetism. This is because a star's self-excited pulsation modes are sensitive to its structure. Asteroseismology generally requires long-duration and high-precision time-series data. The method of forward asteroseismic modeling, which is the statistical comparison of observed pulsation mode frequencies to theoretically predicted pulsation frequencies calculated from a grid of models, provides precise constraints for calibrating various transport phenomena. In this introduction to asteroseismology, we provide an overview of its principles, and the typical data sets and methodologies used to constrain stellar interiors. Finally, we present key highlights of asteroseismic results from across the HR diagram, and conclude with ongoing challenges and future prospects for this ever-expanding field within stellar astrophysics.},
author = {Bowman, Dominic M. and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle},
booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Astrophysics},
editor = {Mandel, Ilya},
isbn = {9780443214400},
pages = {133--153},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Asteroseismology}},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-443-21439-4.00036-5},
volume = {2},
year = {2026},
}
@article{21231,
abstract = {To assess cell migration in complex spatial environments, microfabricated chips, such as mazes and pillar forests, are routinely used to impose spatial and mechanical constraints, and cell trajectories are followed within these structures by advanced imaging techniques. In systems mechanobiology, computational models serve as essential tools to uncover how physical geometry influences intracellular dynamics; however, decoding such complex behaviors requires advanced inference techniques. Here, we integrated experimental observations of dendritic cell migration in a geometrically constrained microenvironment into a Cellular Potts model. We demonstrated that these spatial constraints modulate the motility dynamics, including speed and directional changes. We show that classical summary statistics, such as mean squared displacement and turning angle distributions, can resolve key mechanistic features but fail to extract richer spatiotemporal patterns, limiting accurate parameter inference. To solve this, we applied neural posterior estimation with in-the-loop learning of summary features. This learned summary representation of the data enables robust and flexible parameter inference, providing a data-driven framework for model calibration and advancing quantitative analysis of cell migration in structured microenvironments.},
author = {Arruda, Jonas and Alamoudi, Emad and Mueller, Robert and Vaisband, Marc and Molkenbur, Ronja and Merrin, Jack and Kiermaier, Eva and Hasenauer, Jan},
issn = {2056-7189},
journal = {npj Systems Biology and Applications},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
title = {{Simulation-based inference of cell migration dynamics in complex spatial environments}},
doi = {10.1038/s41540-026-00648-9},
volume = {12},
year = {2026},
}
@article{21232,
abstract = {Abstract
In this paper, we consider a simple class of stratified spaces – 2-complexes. We present an algorithm that learns the abstract structure of an embedded 2-complex from a point cloud sampled from it. We use tools and inspiration from computational geometry, algebraic topology, and topological data analysis and prove the correctness of the identified abstract structure under assumptions on the embedding.},
author = {Bleile, Yossi},
issn = {2730-9657},
journal = {La Matematica},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
title = {{Towards stratified space learning: 2-complexes}},
doi = {10.1007/s44007-025-00183-9},
volume = {5},
year = {2026},
}
@article{21234,
abstract = {In aged humans and mice, hypobranched glycogen aggregates, known as polyglucosan bodies (PGBs), accumulate in hippocampal astrocytes. While PGBs are linked to cognitive decline in neurological diseases, they remain largely unstudied in the context of typical aging. We show that PGBs arise in autophagy-dysregulated astrocytes in the aged hippocampus, with substantial variation among 32 inbred BXD mouse strains. Genetic mapping through quantitative trait locus analysis identified a major locus (Pgb1) that modulates hippocampal PGB burden. Extensive transcriptomic and proteomic datasets were produced for the aged hippocampus of the BXD family to investigate the mechanism by which the Pgb1 locus modulates PGB burden. We identified that Pgb1 contains allelic Smarcal1 and Usp37 variants and influences PGB burden through trans-regulation of mRNA and protein expression levels, including abundance of glycogen-mobilizing factor PYGB. Furthermore, comprehensive phenome-wide association scans, transcriptomic analyses, and direct behavioral testing demonstrated that cognition remains intact despite age-related PGB burden. A record of this paper’s transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.},
author = {Gómez-Pascual, Alicia and Glikman, Dow M and Ng, Hui Xin and Tomkins, James E. and Lu, Lu and Xu, Ying and Ashbrook, David G. and Kaczorowski, Catherine and Kempermann, Gerd and Killmar, John and Mozhui, Khyobeni and Ohlenschläger, Oliver and Aebersold, Rudolf and Ingram, Donald K. and Williams, Evan G. and Jucker, Mathias and Overall, Rupert W. and Williams, Robert W. and de Bakker, Dennis E.M.},
issn = {2405-4712},
journal = {Cell Systems},
number = {2},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{The Smarcal1-Usp37 locus modulates glycogen aggregation in astrocytes of the aged hippocampus}},
doi = {10.1016/j.cels.2025.101488},
volume = {17},
year = {2026},
}
@article{21273,
abstract = {In this paper we examine how porosity fluctuations affect the hydrodynamic permeability of a porous matrix or membrane. We introduce a fluctuating Darcy model, which couples the Navier-Stokes equation to the space- and time-dependent porosity fluctuations via a Darcy friction term. Using a perturbative approach, a Dyson equation for hydrodynamic fluctuations is derived and solved to express the permeability in terms of the matrix fluctuation spectrum. Surprisingly, the model reveals strong modifications of the fluid permeability in fluctuating matrices compared to static ones. Applications to various matrix excitation models, the breathing matrix, phonons, and active forcing, highlight the significant influence of matrix fluctuations on fluid transport, offering insights for optimizing membrane design for separation applications.},
author = {Dombret, Albert and Sutter, Adrien and Coquinot, Baptiste and Kavokine, Nikita and Coasne, Benoit and Bocquet, Lydéric},
issn = {2469-990X},
journal = {Physical Review Fluids},
number = {1},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
title = {{Hydrodynamic permeability of fluctuating porous membranes}},
doi = {10.1103/m8h6-1wfk},
volume = {11},
year = {2026},
}
@article{21274,
abstract = {Many white dwarfs are observed in compact double white dwarf binaries, and through the emission of gravitational waves, a large fraction are destined to merge. The merger remnants that do not explode in a Type Ia supernova are expected to initially be rapidly rotating and highly magnetized. In this work, we present our discovery of the variable white dwarf ZTF J200832.79+444939.67, hereafter ZTF J2008+4449, as a likely merger remnant showing signs of circumstellar material without a stellar or substellar companion. The nature of ZTF J2008+4449 as a merger remnant is supported by its physical properties: it is hot (35 500 ± 300 K) and massive (1.12 ± 0.03 M
⊙
), rapidly rotating with a period of ≈6.6 minutes, and likely possesses exceptionally strong magnetic fields (∼400−600 MG) at its surface. Remarkably, we detect a significant period derivative of (1.80 ± 0.09)×10
−12
s/s, indicating that the white dwarf is spinning down, and a soft X-ray emission that is inconsistent with photospheric emission. As the presence of a mass-transferring stellar or brown dwarf companion is excluded by infrared photometry, the detected spin-down and X-ray emission could be tell-tale signs of a magnetically driven wind or of interaction with circumstellar material, possibly originating from the fallback of gravitationally bound merger ejecta or from the tidal disruption of a planetary object. We also detect Balmer emission, which requires the presence of ionized hydrogen in the vicinity of the white dwarf, showing Doppler shifts as high as ≈2000 km s
−1
. The unusual variability of the Balmer emission on the spin period of the white dwarf is consistent with the trapping of a half ring of ionized gas in the magnetosphere of the white dwarf.
},
author = {Cristea, Andrei-Alexandru and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Cunningham, Tim and Raymond, John C. and Vennes, Stephane and Kawka, Adela and Desai, Aayush A and Miller, David R. and Hermes, J. J. and Fuller, Jim and Heyl, Jeremy and van Roestel, Jan and Burdge, Kevin B. and Rodriguez, Antonio C. and Pelisoli, Ingrid and Gänsicke, Boris T. and Szkody, Paula and Kenyon, Scott J. and Vanderbosch, Zach and Drake, Andrew and Ferrario, Lilia and Wickramasinghe, Dayal and Karambelkar, Viraj R. and Justham, Stephen and Pakmor, Ruediger and El-Badry, Kareem and Prince, Thomas and Kulkarni, S. R. and Graham, Matthew J. and Masci, Frank J. and Groom, Steven L. and Purdum, Josiah and Dekany, Richard and Bellm, Eric C.},
issn = {1432-0746},
journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
publisher = {EDP Sciences},
title = {{A half ring of ionized circumstellar material trapped in the magnetosphere of a white dwarf merger remnant}},
doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202556432},
volume = {706},
year = {2026},
}
@article{21275,
abstract = {DNA methylation is a primary layer of epigenetic modification that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of development, aging, and cancer. The concurrent activity of opposing enzymes that mediate DNA methylation and demethylation gives rise to a biochemical cycle and active turnover of DNA methylation. While the ensuing biochemical oscillations have been implicated in the regulation of cell differentiation, their functional role and spatiotemporal dynamics are unknown. In this work, we demonstrate that chromatin-mediated coupling between these local biochemical cycles can lead to the emergence of phase-locked domains, regions of locally synchronized turnover activity, whose coarsening is arrested by genomic heterogeneity. We introduce a minimal model based on stochastic oscillators with constrained long-range and nonreciprocal interactions, shaped by the local chromatin organization. Through a combination of analytical theory and stochastic simulations, we predict both the degree of synchronization and the typical size of emergent phase-locked domains. We qualitatively test these predictions using single-cell sequencing data. Our results show that DNA methylation turnover exhibits surprisingly rich spatiotemporal patterns that may be used by cells to control cell differentiation.},
author = {Olmeda, Fabrizio and Gupta, Misha and Bektas, Onurcan and Rulands, Steffen},
issn = {2835-8279},
journal = {PRX Life},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
title = {{Spatiotemporal patterns of active epigenetic turnover}},
doi = {10.1103/89bj-79g5},
volume = {4},
year = {2026},
}
@article{21282,
abstract = {Developmental patterning comprises processes that range from purely instructed, where external signals specify cell fates, to fully self-organized, where spatial patterns emerge autonomously through cellular interactions. We propose that both extremes—as well as the continuum of intermediate cases—can be conceptualized as information-processing systems, whose operation can be described using “Marr's three levels of analysis”: the computational problem being solved, the algorithms employed, and their molecular implementation. At the first level, we argue that normative theories, such as information-theoretic optimization principles, provide a formalization of the computational problem. At the second level, we show how simplified information-processing architectures provide a framework for developmental algorithms, which are formalized mathematically using dynamical systems theory. At the third level, the implementation of developmental algorithms is described by mechanistic biophysical and gene regulatory network models.},
author = {Brückner, David and Tkačik, Gašper},
issn = {2835-8279},
journal = {PRX Life},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
title = {{Marr's three levels for embryonic development: Information, dynamical systems, gene networks}},
doi = {10.1103/fdcf-dkws},
volume = {4},
year = {2026},
}
@misc{21284,
abstract = {The advantageous characteristics attributed to the 19F nucleus have made it a popular target for NMR once again in recent years. Aside from solution NMR, an increasing number of studies have been conducted applying solid-state magic-angle-spinning NMR to fluorine-labeled samples. Here, the high chemical shift anisotropy and strong dipolar couplings can be utilized to get structural insights into proteins and measure long distances. Despite increasing popularity and promising benefits, the sensitivity of biomolecular 19F MAS NMR often suffers from slow longitudinal T1 relaxation and therefore long recycle delays. In this work, we expand paramagnetic doping, an approach commonly used to reduce proton T1 relaxation times, to 19F-labeled biological samples. We study the effect of Gd(DTPA) and Gd(DTPA-BMA) on 19F and 13C T1 and T2 relaxation in a [5-19F13C]-tryptophan-labeled protein via 19F-detected MAS NMR experiments. The observed paramagnetic relaxation enhancement substantially reduces measurement times of 19F MAS NMR experiments without compromising resolution. Additionally, we report the chemical-shift assignments of all four fluorotryptophan signals in the 12 × 39 kDa large protein using a mutagenesis approach.},
author = {Becker, Lea Marie and Schanda, Paul},
publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
title = {{Research data for "Accelerated 19F biomolecular magic-angle spinning NMR with paramagnetic dopants"}},
doi = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-21284},
year = {2026},
}
@unpublished{21290,
abstract = {Gene duplication underlies evolutionary innovation, yet many paralogues remain highly similar, raising questions about their functional divergence and physiological relevance. The spliceosomal Sm core protein SNRPB and its mammalian-specific paralogue SNRPN share over 90% sequence identity, but their distinct expression patterns - SNRPB being ubiquitous and SNRPN confined to the brain - suggest specialized functions. Why mammals have two different spliceosomes has remained obscure. Here, we generated isogenic human cell lines expressing ectopically either SNRPB or SNRPN exclusively and found that SNRPN stabilizes transcripts involved in energy metabolism and mitochondrial function, leading to increased mitochondrial abundance and oxygen consumption. Despite similar spliceosomal interactomes, SNRPN more strongly associates with the PRMT5 methylosome complex and exhibits dynamic arginine methylation in its C-terminal region that is sensitive to translation inhibition and amino acid availability. The SNRPN-dependent transcriptome responds to translation inhibition by stabilizing long, intron-rich genes involved in amino acid and energy metabolism. Our findings reveal a nutrient-sensitive, methylation-dependent mechanism that differentiates the two paralogues. This suggests that SNRPN functions as a metabolic-specialized spliceosomal subunit thereby providing tissue-specific adaptation of RNA processing in mammals.},
author = {Polat Haas, Feyza and Villalba Requena, Ana and Rusina, Polina and Gopalan, Anusha and Fritz, Hector and Akhmetkaliyev, Azamat and Ruehle, Frank and Einsiedel, Anna and Szczepinska, Anna and Kielisch, Fridolin and Chen, Jia-Xuan and Nguyen, Susanne and Schmidlin, Thierry and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Bailicata, M. Felicia and Keller Valsecchi, Claudia Isabelle},
booktitle = {bioRxiv},
title = {{The splicing paralogues SNRPB and SNRPN control differential metabolic states.}},
doi = {10.64898/2026.02.11.705284},
year = {2026},
}
@unpublished{21291,
abstract = {The complexity and specificity of movement in vertebrates is driven by a rich diversity of spinal motor and interneuron cell types. During development, eleven spinal cord progenitor domains generate an equivalent number of cardinal neuron types. How progenitor domains, individual progenitors, and post-mitotic diversity relate is still unknown. We performed high-resolution, single-progenitor cell lineage tracing in the embryonic mouse spinal cord using mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM). Our quantitative study of lineage progression revealed that spinal cord progenitors undergo highly variable numbers of proliferative, neurogenic, and gliogenic cell divisions. The nascent clonally-related neurons migrate radially over large distances, span the dorsoventral axis, and even cross the midline, demonstrating striking bilaterality. Molecular and morphometric analysis indicate high levels of progenitor multipotency, with an individual progenitor capable of producing several molecularly and morphologically distinct neuron types, as well as astrocytes. These findings redefine spinal cord development as a process in which lineage variability — rather than rigid progenitor identity — drives the generation of cellular diversity.},
author = {Gobeil, Sophie A and Da Silveira Neto, Francisco and Silvestrelli, Giulia and Smits, Matthijs Geert and Streicher, Carmen and Cheung, Giselle T and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger},
booktitle = {bioRxiv},
title = {{Lineage origin of spinal cord cell type diversity}},
doi = {10.64898/2026.02.12.705305},
year = {2026},
}
@article{21311,
abstract = {Air pollution is a critical public health issue worldwide, South America faces unique challenges due to rapid urban growth, industrial expansion, and recurrent biomass burning. Existing studies have largely focused on regional or national scales, overlooking detailed spatio-temporal dynamics in cities. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of air pollution spatio-temporal trends from 2013 to 2023 in six major South American cities: Bogotá, Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Quito, Santiago de Chile, and São Paulo. We evaluated four key pollutants, NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5, using in situ monitoring networks complemented with reanalysis (boundary layer and pollution dynamics), and fire detections datasets (biomass burning). A key innovation is the use of a Lagrangian Tracker, which identifies persistent hotspots and transport pathways of pollutants, offering new insights into transboundary pollution. Results show that nearly all cities experienced reductions in particulate matter concentrations, while three of the six cities exhibited rising O3 levels, reflecting complex interactions between emissions, meteorology, and atmospheric chemistry. Santiago de Chile recorded the highest levels of NO2 and PM, strongly influenced by topography and biomass burning in JJA. Bogotá and Quito were notably impacted by regional fire emissions, whereas coastal cities such as Buenos Aires and Montevideo benefited from greater pollutant dispersion but still exceeded the World Health Organization guidelines. By integrating ground-based, satellite, and reanalysis data with advanced trajectory modeling, this research provides detailed spatio-temporal evaluations of air pollution in South America and highlights the urgent need for coordinated regional strategies to reduce health and economic burdens.},
author = {González, Yuri and Malagón, Nicolás and Benavides, Kevin and Belalcázar, Luis Carlos and Lopez-Barrera, Ellie Anne and Casallas Garcia, Alejandro},
issn = {2509-9434},
journal = {Earth Systems and Environment},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
title = {{Spatio-temporal trends of air pollution in six South American cities}},
doi = {10.1007/s41748-026-01068-9},
year = {2026},
}
@article{21340,
abstract = {Equilibrium quantum systems are often described by a gas of weakly interacting normal modes. Bringing such systems far from equilibrium, however, can drastically enhance mode-to-mode interactions. Understanding the resulting liquid is a fundamental question for quantum statistical mechanics and a practical question for engineering driven quantum devices. To tackle this question, we probe the non-equilibrium kinetics of one-dimensional plasmons in a long chain of Josephson junctions. We introduce multimode spectroscopy to controllably study the departure from equilibrium, witnessing the evolution from pairwise coupling between plasma modes at weak driving to dramatic, high-order, cascaded couplings at strong driving. Scaling to many-mode drives, we stimulate interactions between hundreds of modes, resulting in near-continuum internal dynamics. Imaging the resulting non-equilibrium plasmon populations, we then resolve the nonlocal redistribution of energy in the response to a weak perturbation—an explicit verification of the emergence of a strongly interacting, non-equilibrium liquid of plasmons.},
author = {Bubis, Anton and Vigliotti, Lucia and Serbyn, Maksym and Higginbotham, Andrew P},
issn = {2375-2548},
journal = {Science Advances},
number = {7},
publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
title = {{Non-equilibrium plasmon liquid in a Josephson junction chain}},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.ady7222},
volume = {12},
year = {2026},
}
@article{21341,
abstract = {We aim to characterise the mass-metallicity relation (MZR) and the 3D correlation between the stellar mass, metallicity, and star formation rate (SFR) known as the fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) for galaxies at 5 < z < 7. Using ∼800 [O III] selected galaxies from deep NIRCam grism surveys, we present our stacked measurements of direct-Te metallicities, which we used to test recent strong-line metallicity calibrations. Our measured direct-Te metallicities (0.1–0.2 Z⊙ for M★ ≈ 5 × 107 − 9 M⊙, respectively) match recent JWST/NIRSpec-based results. However, there are significant inconsistencies between observations and hydrodynamical simulations. We observe a flatter MZR slope than the SPHINX20 and FLARES simulations, which cannot be attributed to selection effects. With simple models, we show that the effect of an [O III] flux-limited sample on the observed shape of the MZR is strongly dependent on the FMR. If the FMR is similar to the one in the local Universe, the intrinsic high-redshift MZR should be even flatter than is observed. In turn, a 3D relation where SFR correlates positively with metallicity at fixed mass would imply an intrinsically steeper MZR. Our measurements indicate that metallicity variations at fixed mass show little dependence on the SFR, suggesting a flat intrinsic MZR. This could indicate that the low-mass galaxies at these redshifts are out of equilibrium and that metal enrichment occurs rapidly in low-mass galaxies. However, being limited by our stacking analysis, we are yet to probe the scatter in the MZR and its dependence on SFR. Large carefully selected samples of galaxies with robust metallicity measurements can put tight constraints on the high-redshift FMR and help us to understand the interplay between gas flows, star formation, and feedback in early galaxies.},
author = {Kotiwale, Gauri and Matthee, Jorryt J and Kashino, Daichi and Vijayan, Aswin P. and Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto and Di Cesare, Claudia and Iani, Edoardo and Bordoloi, Rongmon and Leja, Joel and Maseda, Michael V. and Tacchella, Sandro and Shivaei, Irene and Heintz, Kasper E. and Danhaive, A. Lola and Mascia, Sara and Kramarenko, Ivan and Navarrete, Benjamín and Mackenzie, Ruari and Naidu, Rohan P. and Sobral, David},
issn = {1432-0746},
journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
publisher = {EDP Sciences},
title = {{Rapid, out-of-equilibrium metal enrichment indicated by a flat mass-metallicity relation at z ∼ 6 from NIRCam grism spectroscopy}},
doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202556597},
volume = {706},
year = {2026},
}
@article{21342,
abstract = {JWST has revealed a stunning population of bright galaxies at surprisingly early epochs, z > 10,
where few such sources were expected. Here we present the most distant example of this class yet – MoM-z14, a luminous (MUV = −20.2) source in the COSMOS legacy field at zspec = 14.44+0.02−0.02 that expands the observational frontier to a mere 280 million years after the Big Bang. The redshift is confirmed with NIRSpec/prism spectroscopy through a sharp Lyman-α break and ≈ 3σ detections of five rest-UV emission lines. The number density of bright zspec ≈ 14 − 15 sources implied by our “Mirage or Miracle” survey spanning ≈ 350 arcmin2 is > 100× larger (182+329 −105×) than pre-JWST consensus models. The high EWs of UV lines (≈15−35˚A) signal a rising star-formation history, with a ≈10× increase in the last 5 Myr (SFR5Myr/SFR50Myr = 9.9 +3.0 −5.8). The source is extremely compact (circularized re = 74+15
−12 pc), and yet elongated (b/a = 0.25+0.11−0.06), suggesting an AGN is not the dominant source of UV light. The steep UV slope (β = −2.5 +0.2 −0.2) implies negligible dust attenuation
and a young stellar population. The absence of a strong damping wing provides tentative evidence that the immediate surroundings of MoM-z14 may be partially ionized at a redshift where virtually every reionization model predicts a ≈ 100% neutral fraction. The nitrogen emission and highly supersolar [N/C]> 1 hint at an abundance pattern similar to local globular clusters that may have once hosted luminous supermassive stars. Since this abundance pattern is also common among the most ancient stars born in the Milky Way, we may be directly witnessing the formation of such stars in dense clusters, connecting galaxy evolution across the entire sweep of cosmic time. },
author = {Naidu, Rohan P. and Oesch, Pascal A. and Brammer, Gabriel and Weibel, Andrea and Li, Yijia and Matthee, Jorryt J and Chisholm, John and Pollock, Clara L. and Heintz, Kasper E. and Johnson, Benjamin D. and Shen, Xuejian and Hviding, Raphael E. and Leja, Joel and Tacchella, Sandro and Ganguly, Arpita and Witten, Callum and Atek, Hakim and Belli, Sirio and Bose, Sownak and Bouwens, Rychard and Dayal, Pratika and Decarli, Roberto and De Graaff, Anna and Fudamoto, Yoshinobu and Giovinazzo, Emma and Greene, Jenny E. and Illingworth, Garth and Inoue, Akio K. and Kane, Sarah G. and Labbe, Ivo and Leonova, Ecaterina and Marques-Chaves, Rui and Meyer, Romain A. and Nelson, Erica J. and Roberts-Borsani, Guido and Schaerer, Daniel and Simcoe, Robert A. and Stefanon, Mauro and Sugahara, Yuma and Toft, Sune and Van Der Wel, Arjen and Van Dokkum, Pieter and Walter, Fabian and Watson, Darach and Weaver, John R. and Whitaker, Katherine E.},
issn = {2565-6120},
journal = {The Open Journal of Astrophysics},
publisher = {Maynooth Academic Publishing},
title = {{A cosmic miracle: A remarkably luminous galaxy at zspec = 14.44 confirmed with JWST}},
doi = {10.33232/001c.156033},
volume = {9},
year = {2026},
}
@article{21344,
abstract = {Tropospheric ozone has the potential to become an increasingly pressing public health issue in Bogotá, Colombia, due to rising concentrations across the city driven by complex interactions among emissions, meteorology, and urban structure. This study presents a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of ozone levels from 2013 to 2023 and assesses the associated health burden using mortality data from the same period. Results reveal a consistent upward trend in ozone concentrations, particularly in northern, western, and southern localities, with seasonal peaks linked to biomass burning and photochemical conditions. Mortality analysis, based on the Global Exposure Mortality Model, estimates that 18.3% of all deaths among individuals aged 25 and older are attributable to long-term ozone exposure. The highest burdens are found in densely populated and socioeconomically vulnerable areas such as Kennedy, Suba, and Ciudad Bolívar, with the elderly being the most affected. Building on these findings, we developed a machine learning prediction model for ozone using a convolutional merge with a long-short term memory network architecture trained on air quality and meteorological variables. The model demonstrated strong predictive performance (mean Rho=0.86, RMSE=3.5 μg/m3) across monitoring stations (17 with at least 35000 data points), supporting its potential application in real-time early warning systems across Bogotá. This integrated approach highlights the importance of localized air quality management, combining epidemiological assessment with predictive modeling. The findings underscore the urgency of implementing region-specific mitigation strategies and improving monitoring infrastructure to reduce health risks from ozone exposure in Bogotá’s rapidly growing urban environment.},
author = {Bustos, Daniela and Garcia, Diana and Rojas, Nestor Y. and Lopez-Barrera, Ellie A. and Peña-Rincon, Carlos and Casallas Garcia, Alejandro},
issn = {2509-9434},
journal = {Earth Systems and Environment},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
title = {{Ozone trends and mortality risk: The growing need for machine learning predictions in Bogotá, Colombia}},
doi = {10.1007/s41748-026-01052-3},
year = {2026},
}
@article{21369,
abstract = {Formation of new amyloid fibrils and oligomers from monomeric protein on the surfaces of existing fibrils is an important driver of many disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. The structural basis of this secondary nucleation process, however, is poorly understood. Here, we ask whether secondary nucleation sites are found predominantly at rare growth defects: irregularities in the fibril core structure incorporated during their original assembly. We first demonstrate using the specific inhibitor of secondary nucleation, Brichos, that secondary nucleation sites on Alzheimer’s disease-associated fibrils composed of Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides are rare compared to the number of protein molecules they contain. We then grow Aβ40 fibrils under conditions designed to eliminate most growth defects while leaving the regular fibril morphology unchanged, and confirm the latter using cryo-electron microscopy. We measure both the ability of these annealed fibrils to promote secondary nucleation and the stoichiometry of their secondary nucleation sites, finding that both are greatly reduced as predicted. Re-analysis of published data for other proteins suggests that fibril growth defects may also drive secondary nucleation generally across most amyloids. These findings could unlock structure-based drug design of therapeutics that aim to halt amyloid disorders by inhibiting secondary nucleation sites.},
author = {Hu, Jing and Scheidt, Tom and Thacker, Dev and Axell, Emil and Stemme, Elin and Łapińska, Urszula and Wennmalm, Stefan and Meisl, Georg and Curk, Samo and Andreasen, Maria and Vendruscolo, Michele and Arosio, Paolo and Šarić, Anđela and Schmit, Jeremy D. and Knowles, Tuomas P.J. and Sparr, Emma and Linse, Sara and Michaels, Thomas C.T. and Dear, Alexander J.},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nature Communications},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
title = {{Structural defects in amyloid-β fibrils drive secondary nucleation}},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-69377-1},
volume = {17},
year = {2026},
}