@article{23151,
  abstract     = {We present deep, narrowband Gemini North/GMOS images of the Pa 30 nebula that reveal rich small-scale
structure in the ejecta filaments. In [S II], the number of detected filaments increases by about an order of
magnitude compared to previous studies. The imaging further reveals that the filaments are not smooth radial
streaks, but instead are composed of cascades of knots or clumps. The images in [O III] yield the first confirmation
that previously detected diffuse [O III] emission in fact originates from the same [S II] filaments. We measure a
nebula center consistent with the position of the central star, indicating that the remnant has not received a large
transverse kick. The 3σ upper limit on the velocity of the stellar kick is ≲100 km s
−1
. Cross-sectional profiles of
the filaments in [S II] and [O III] show a central peak on top of a nebula background, the latter being likely due to
diffuse emission or unresolved filaments. The median [S II] width of 0.7 is slightly broader than the 0.50 seeing,
providing some evidence of partially resolved filaments and implying a characteristic knot diameter of ∼1016 cm.
The ≈1″ widths measured in [O III] are consistent with the poorer seeing of the oxygen images. The discovery of
this clumpy substructure provides a new observational constraint on models for the origin and evolution of the
remarkable filamentary ejecta of Pa 30.},
  author       = {Cunningham, Tim and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Raymond, John C. and Kenyon, Scott J.},
  issn         = {1538-4357},
  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Detection of knots in the type Iax supernova remnant Pa 30}},
  doi          = {10.3847/1538-4357/ae9cb2},
  volume       = {1010},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{23149,
  abstract     = {We prove an asymptotic formula for the number of integral points of bounded log anticanonical height on a singular quartic del Pezzo surface over arbitrary number fields, with respect to the largest admissible boundary divisor. The resulting Clemens complex is more complicated than usual, and leads to particularly interesting effective cone constants, associated with exponentially many polytopes whose volumes appear in the expected formula. Like a jigsaw puzzle, these polytopes fit together to one large polytope. The volume of this polytope appears in the asymptotic formula that we obtain using the universal torsor method via o-minimal structures.},
  author       = {Bernert, Christian and Derenthal, Ulrich and Ortmann, Judith and Wilsch, Florian Alexander},
  issn         = {1432-1823},
  journal      = {Mathematische Zeitschrift},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Integral points over number fields: a Clemens complex jigsaw puzzle}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00209-026-04140-2},
  volume       = {314},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{23156,
  abstract     = {Extracting the current-phase relationship (CPR) of a single superconducting junction is challenging in practice and traditionally involves embedding the junction in a larger superconducting circuit containing SQUIDs and/or resonators. Applying ac driving to the junction has proven to be a viable and less invasive way to extract information about the few lowest harmonics of the CPR, by locating the integer and fractional Shapiro steps in the 𝐼⁢𝑉-curve of the driven junction. Here, we present an alternative driving-based method that allows to extract the full harmonic content of a CPR in a relatively noninvasive way, by fitting the measured critical currents of the driven junction as a function of driving power. We test our method, both using numerical simulations and in experiments, and we show that it works accurately.},
  author       = {Tjøtta, Maxim and Shah, Devashish C and Modi, Kanishk and Valentini, Marco and Seoane Souto, Rubén and Katsaros, Georgios and Danon, Jeroen},
  issn         = {2331-7019},
  journal      = {Physical Review Applied},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Fast-driving spectroscopy of current-phase relationships of individual Josephson elements}},
  doi          = {10.1103/d3gl-qntm},
  volume       = {26},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{23159,
  abstract     = {The Vera C. Rubin Observatory has now seen first light, and over a 10 year duration, Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is projected to catalog tens of millions of quasars, many of which are expected to be associated with subparsec supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). Out of these SMBHBs, up to thousands of relatively massive binary-quasars are expected to exhibit gravitational self-lensing flares (SLFs) that last for at least 20–30 days. We assess the effectiveness of the Lomb-Scargle (LS) periodogram and matched filters (MFs) as methods for systematic searches for these binaries, using toy-models of hydrodynamical, Doppler, and self-lensing variability from equal-mass, eccentric SMBHBs. We inject SLFs into random realizations of damped random walk (DRW) lightcurves, representing stochastic quasar variability, and compute the LS periodogram with and without the SLF. We find that periodograms of SLF+DRW light-curves do not have maximum peak heights that could not arise from DRW-only periodograms. On the other hand, the matched filter signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can distinguish SLFs from noise even with LSST-like cadences and DRW noise. Furthermore, we develop a three-step procedure with matched filters, which can also recover injected binary parameters from these light-curves. We expect this method to be computationally efficient enough to be applicable to millions of quasar light-curves in LSST.},
  author       = {Park, Kevin S and Haiman, Zoltán and Xin, Chengcheng and Shen, Tzuken and Villar, Ashley and Davelaar, Jordy},
  issn         = {2470-0029},
  journal      = {Physical Review D},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Self-lensing flares from black hole binaries. V. Systematic searches in LSST}},
  doi          = {10.1103/p328-62sl},
  volume       = {113},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{23155,
  abstract     = {In this work we establish several monotonicity and decomposition results in the framework of random regular graphs. Among other results, we
show that, for a wide range of parameters d1 ≤ d2, there exists a coupling of
G(n,d1) and G(n,d2) satisfying that G(n,d1) ⊆ G(n,d2) with high probability, confirming a conjecture of Gao, Isaev and McKay in a new regime.
Our contributions include new tools for analysing contiguity and total variation distance between random regular graph models, a novel procedure for
generating unions of random edge-disjoint perfect matchings, and refined estimates of Gao’s bounds on the number of perfect matchings in random regular graphs. In addition, we make progress towards another conjecture of Isaev,
McKay, Southwell and Zhukovskii.},
  author       = {Hollom, Lawrence and Lichev, Lyuben and Mond, Adva and Portier, Julien and Wang, Yiting},
  issn         = {2168-8737},
  journal      = {Annals of Applied Probability},
  keywords     = {Random regular graphs, coupling, contiguity, total variation distance, decomposition},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {4716--4738},
  publisher    = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
  title        = {{Monotonicity and decompositions of random regular graphs}},
  doi          = {10.1214/26-AAP2345},
  volume       = {36},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{22012,
  abstract     = {Single stranded helically folded aromatic oligoamides bearing anionic phosphonate side chains have been shown to bind to some DNA-binding proteins better than DNA itself. However, these DNA mimic foldamers have until now mainly consisted of a single repeat motif, like a poly(dA:dT) DNA duplex, and contained limited sequence information. Here, we introduce new monomers designed to display different chemical functionalities in the major groove of the DNA mimics. Four new Fmoc-protected amino acid monomers have been synthesized and incorporated into oligomers. Sixteen foldamer sequences were prepared on solid phase. Their conformation in solution and in the solid state and their conformational dynamics were investigated using NMR, circular dichroism, molecular modeling, and X-ray crystallography. The results show that three of four new monomers behaved as designed, and that their introduction enhances the conformational dynamics of the DNA mimic foldamers. In a fourth case, conformational behavior proved to be more complex than expected. The modified sequences retained an ability to bind to bacterial histone-like protein HU. These results showcase design strategies to manipulate large molecular biomimetics where not only side chains but also main chain components are varied. The new monomers pave the way to complex DNA mimic foldamer sequences targeting proteins that recognize sequence-selective DNA-binding proteins such as transcription factors or restriction enzymes.},
  author       = {Wu, Jiaojiao and Corvaglia, Valentina and Chakrabortty, Tulika and Mandal, Pradeep K and Huc, Ivan},
  issn         = {2041-6539},
  journal      = {Chemical Science},
  number       = {32},
  pages        = {15479–15489},
  publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  title        = {{Tailoring the major groove of DNA mimic foldamers}},
  doi          = {10.1039/d6sc00798h},
  volume       = {17},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{23153,
  abstract     = {We study the renormalized Nelson model in a semiclassical regime where the field becomes
classical while the particle remains quantum. The degree of classicality is measured by a
small parameter ε << 1. In this scaling the particle evolves on microscopic times, whereas
the field exhibits nontrivial dynamics only on the macroscopic scale t = O(ε^−2). The natural
semiclassical model is the coupled Schrödinger–Klein–Gordon (SKG) system, which
encodes the time-scale separation through an explicit ε-dependence. Based on this scale separation
in SKG, we apply the adiabatic principle to derive a new PDE for the classical field,
the ε-free adiabatic Klein–Gordon (aKG) equation, where the field is driven by the instantaneous
ground state of the particle. Our main result is a norm approximation of the Nelson
dynamics by the aKGsolution corrected by a quasi-free fluctuation dynamics around the classical
field, generated by a renormalized Bogoliubov–Nelson Hamiltonian. As a corollary, we
obtain convergence of the reduced one-body densities for both subsystems, where the fluctuation
correction vanishes, thereby justifying aKG as a semiclassical Born–Oppenheimer
type approximation of the renormalized Nelson model.},
  author       = {Brooks, Morris and Mitrouskas, David Johannes},
  issn         = {1432-0835},
  journal      = {Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations},
  number       = {10},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Adiabatic Klein–Gordon dynamics for the renormalized Nelson model}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00526-026-03436-9},
  volume       = {65},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{23157,
  abstract     = {The concept of Culture of Care fosters a research environment where lab animals and humans are cared for and respected. Several aspects, such as perception of suffering, time, perceived value of an animal, potential benefits of the research, and public opinion, might influence care for animals. The European Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes has represented an advance in animal welfare standards and care. However, the question of how we care about animals in practice, and of why this debate is important to reflect on still exist. Therefore, we draw upon the case study of laboratory non-human primates, to illustrate how these tensions go from theory to practice. It illustrates the conflicts and emotions, by exposing the limitations of the standards and norms in the field. Debating care requires a more comprehensive notion of care, one that goes beyond normative decisions to enable care in practice.},
  author       = {Schober, Sophie and Vitale, Augusto and Riso, Brigida},
  issn         = {2588-9567},
  journal      = {Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research},
  keywords     = {culture of care, culture of care in practice, lab animals, interspecies relationships},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {88--104},
  publisher    = {Brill Academic Publishers},
  title        = {{How we care about laboratory animals: Acknowledging differences towards a more comprehensive concept of caring}},
  doi          = {10.1163/25889567-bja10078},
  volume       = {8},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{23158,
  abstract     = {For a tree T and a function f:E(T)→Sd, the imbalance of a subtree T′⊆T is given by |∑e∈E(T′)f(e)|. The d-dimensional discrepancy of the tree T is the minimum, over all functions f as above, of the maximum imbalance of a subtree of T. We prove tight asymptotic bounds for the discrepancy of a tree T, confirming a conjecture of Krishna, Michaeli, Sarantis, Wang and Wang. We also settle a related conjecture on oriented discrepancy of subtrees by the same authors.},
  author       = {Hollom, Lawrence and Lichev, Lyuben and Mond, Adva and Portier, Julien},
  issn         = {1432-0444},
  journal      = {Discrete and Computational Geometry},
  keywords     = {Trees, High-dimensional discrepancy, Oriented discrepancy},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{A note on high-dimensional discrepancy of subtrees}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00454-025-00790-x},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{23171,
  abstract     = {Crawling motility is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells and requires a dynamic actin cytoskeleton, regulated adhesion and spatially organized signalling pathways1,2. Asgard archaea, which are considered the closest known prokaryotic relatives of eukaryotes, potentially encode these functions within their large set of ‘eukaryotic signature proteins’3,4,5,6. The few cultivated members show a complex cell morphology, consisting of a central cell body from which several protrusions extend, filled with an actin-based cytoskeleton7,8. Here, live-cell microscopy of two organisms of the Lokiarchaea and Hodarchaea lineages7,9 showed that they dynamically and greatly change their cell shape on a minute time scale and grow and retract their extensive protrusions with a speed of 1.5–4.8 µm min−1, respectively. After adhering to a glass surface, cells use their protrusions to undergo active crawling motion. In the presence of selected actin inhibitors, however, the observed dynamics were arrested, suggesting a central role of actin in these processes. The observed cellular plasticity and motility are unique features among prokaryotes and might have been crucial for the emergence of the first eukaryotic cells that are thought to have formed through the association of a member of the Asgard archaea and an α-proteobacterium, the ancestor of mitochondria.},
  author       = {Radler, Philipp and Viehboeck, Tobias and Luo, Zhen-Hao and Maslać, Nevena and Schmidt, Katharina and Hauschild, Robert and Nobu, Masaru K. and Bulgheresi, Silvia and Stradal, Theresia E. B. and Rottner, Klemens and Imachi, Hiroyuki and Sixt, Michael K and Schleper, Christa},
  issn         = {1476-4687},
  journal      = {Nature},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Dynamic protrusions mediate crawling motility in Asgard archaea}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41586-026-11063-9},
  year         = {2026},
}

@inproceedings{22622,
  abstract     = {Cooperative software verification aims at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of software verification by enabling multiple verification tools to work together. Existing cooperative verification schemes, however, typically require specialized interfaces or tight integration, limiting their practical applicability. In our International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) 2025 publication, we introduce dynamic program splitting – a novel approach that enables cooperation between off-the-shelf verification tools without requiring any modifications. The key idea is to probe verification tools on a given verification task under a time limit and split tasks dynamically that cannot be verified under the given time constraints. The process continues recursively, incrementally identifying program parts that are particularly hard for the given verifier. The remaining unverified parts are provided to a second verifier, allowing to leverage the complementary strengths of different tools. Our evaluation on SV-COMP benchmarks demonstrates that cooperation through dynamic program splitting enables the verification of tasks that none of the individual verifiers can solve on their own.},
  author       = {Richter, Cedric and Chalupa, Marek and Jakobs, Marie Christine and Wehrheim, Heike},
  booktitle    = {Software Engineering 2026},
  issn         = {1617-5468},
  keywords     = {Software Verification, Cooperation, Program Decomposition},
  location     = {Bonn, Switzerland},
  pages        = {41--42},
  publisher    = {Gesellschaft für Informatik},
  title        = {{Off-the-Shelf cooperative software verification by splitting programs dynamically}},
  doi          = {10.18420/se2026_45},
  volume       = {P-377},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{23173,
  abstract     = {The prevalence of proline residues in intrinsically disordered proteins, functional hinges of enzymes, and protein interaction sites highlights the importance of studying their local dynamics and interactions at atomic resolution. While nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is, in principle, ideally suited for such investigations, the absence of an amide proton precludes the use of conventional 1H–15N amide-detected experiments. 1H–13C-based approaches, though possible, remain challenging in large proteins. In this work, we present a selective labeling strategy that introduces an isolated 1H2δ–13Cδ–15N spin system in proline residues in otherwise deuterated proteins. Our method leverages the enzymatic conversion of ornithine, synthesized from cost-effective isotopic precursors. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by applying it to a 134 kDa enzyme using magic-angle spinning NMR, highlighting its potential to efficiently probe functionally relevant sites in proteins.},
  author       = {Rohden, Darja and Napoli, Federico and Lichtenecker, Roman J. and Schanda, Paul},
  issn         = {1554-8937},
  journal      = {ACS Chemical Biology},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Chemoenzymatic proline isotope labeling for solution and magic-angle spinning protein nuclear magnetic resonance}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acschembio.6c00587},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{23046,
  abstract     = {Most stars form in dense stellar environments, where frequent close encounters can strongly perturb and reshape the early architecture of planetary systems. The Solar System, with its rich population of distant comets, provides a natural laboratory to study these processes. We performed detailed numerical simulations using the LonelyPlanets framework that combines NBODY6++GPU and REBOUND to explore the evolution of debris disks around Solar System analogues embedded in stellar clusters. Two initial configurations are considered, the Extended model and the Compact model, each containing four giant planets and either an extended or compact debris disk. We find that compact disks primarily form Kuiper belt and scattered disk-like populations through planet–disk interactions, while extended disks are more strongly shaped by stellar encounters, producing Oort cloud-like structures and interstellar comets with ejection velocities of 1–3 km s−1. Stellar perturbations are most effective for encounter inclinations between 0° and 30°, giving rise to distinct dynamical populations, like Sednoids, and inner Oort cloud analogues, and a characteristic tail in semimajor axis-eccentricity space. In coplanar encounters, the disk remains largely flattened, whereas polar flybys redistribute angular momentum vertically, producing nearly isotropic outer populations that resemble an emerging Oort cloud. Our results suggest that cometary reservoirs and interstellar objects are natural byproducts of planet–disk interactions and stellar flybys in dense clusters, linking the architecture of outer planetary systems to their birth environments.},
  author       = {Torres Rodriguez, Santiago},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Implications for the formation of Oort cloud-like structures and interstellar comets in dense environments}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202554978},
  volume       = {708},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{22306,
  abstract     = {The AP3 complex mediates cargo sorting and carrier assembly for the trafficking of transmembrane proteins from endosomes to lysosomes. AP3 is generally believed to localize to clathrin-free, ARF1-positive, elongated carriers in cells, but the architecture of AP3-based coats was unknown. Using in vitro reconstitution and cryo–electron tomography, we demonstrate that AP3:ARF1 spontaneously remodels membranes containing cargo and the phosphoinositide PI(3,5)P
                    <jats:sub>2</jats:sub>
                    into tubular structures coated in spiraling rows of AP3 arches and ARF1 dimers. Targeted point mutations disrupting critical AP3:ARF1 and AP3:AP3 lattice interfaces disrupt AP3 recruitment, carrier formation, and lysosomal cargo trafficking in cells. We propose that AP3 generates tubular carriers on endosomes by organizing ARF1 dimers into elongated membrane-deforming arrays while simultaneously selecting cargo. By demonstrating that AP3:ARF1 can generate carriers without using a clathrin lattice, we explain the clathrin independence of AP3-mediated trafficking.},
  author       = {Kaufman, Jonathan G.G. and Tagiltsev, Grigory and Stalder, Danièle S. and Taylor, Rebecca J. and Sava, Ioana and Guo, Hui and Ciazynska, Katarzyna A. and Zaccai, Nathan R. and Gray, Sally R. and Vallis, Yvonne and Höning, Stefan and Kelly, Bernard T. and Gershlick, David C. and Briggs, John A.G. and Owen, David J.},
  issn         = {2375-2548},
  journal      = {Science Advances},
  number       = {20},
  publisher    = {AAAS},
  title        = {{Architecture of clathrin-independent AP3:ARF1-coated carriers}},
  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.aed1529},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{21340,
  abstract     = {Equilibrium quantum systems are often described by a gas of weakly interacting normal modes. Bringing such systems far from equilibrium, however, can drastically enhance mode-to-mode interactions. Understanding the resulting liquid is a fundamental question for quantum statistical mechanics and a practical question for engineering driven quantum devices. To tackle this question, we probe the non-equilibrium kinetics of one-dimensional plasmons in a long chain of Josephson junctions. We introduce multimode spectroscopy to controllably study the departure from equilibrium, witnessing the evolution from pairwise coupling between plasma modes at weak driving to dramatic, high-order, cascaded couplings at strong driving. Scaling to many-mode drives, we stimulate interactions between hundreds of modes, resulting in near-continuum internal dynamics. Imaging the resulting non-equilibrium plasmon populations, we then resolve the nonlocal redistribution of energy in the response to a weak perturbation—an explicit verification of the emergence of a strongly interacting, non-equilibrium liquid of plasmons.},
  author       = {Bubis, Anton and Vigliotti, Lucia and Serbyn, Maksym and Higginbotham, Andrew P},
  issn         = {2375-2548},
  journal      = {Science Advances},
  number       = {7},
  publisher    = {AAAS},
  title        = {{Non-equilibrium plasmon liquid in a Josephson junction chain}},
  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.ady7222},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{21383,
  abstract     = {Planarian flatworms are known for their remarkable regenerative capacity; however, the precise intercellular communication mechanisms underlying this process remain unsolved. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of abundant extracellular vesicles (EVs) in planarians. Using imaging and molecular analysis, we show conservation of biogenesis, morphology, and protein composition of planarian EVs. Environmental stressors significantly elevate EV release, indicating that planarians dynamically regulate vesicle production. Functionally, planarian EVs mediate intercellular communication by transferring regulatory signals: We find that they shuttle small RNAs that effect systemic RNA interference (RNAi) throughout the organism. Notably, gene knockdown experiments reveal a crucial role for AGO-3, a member of the Argonaute family of proteins, in modulating the association of small interfering RNAs with EVs, linking the intracellular RNAi machinery to EV-based signaling. These findings highlight EVs as pivotal mediators of cell-cell communication in planarians, with broad implications for understanding the coordination of gene regulation and tissue regeneration in animals.},
  author       = {Sasidharan, Vidyanand and Ancellotti, Laura and Doddihal, Viraj and Brewster, Carolyn and Mann, Frederick and McKinney, Mary Cathleen and Varberg, Joseph and Ross, Eric and Deng, Fengyan and Yi, Kexi and Sánchez Alvarado, Alejandro},
  issn         = {2375-2548},
  journal      = {Science Advances},
  number       = {6},
  publisher    = {AAAS},
  title        = {{Extracellular vesicles mediate stem cell signaling and systemic RNAi in planarians}},
  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.ady1461},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{21707,
  abstract     = {Structural and functional differences between brain hemispheres are a common feature of animal nervous systems with reduced bilateral asymmetry often linked to impaired cognitive performance. How neuronal left-right asymmetry is initiated and integrated into a bilaterally symmetrical ground pattern is poorly understood. Here, we show that the directional asymmetry of a Drosophila central brain circuit originates from axonal interactions of two types of bilateral pioneer neurons. Subsequent recruitment of neighboring neurons into the asymmetric neuropil primordium results in hemisphere-specific microcircuits. Circuit lateralization requires dynamic expression of the cell adhesion molecule Fasciclin 2 to maintain structural plasticity in axonal remodeling. Reduced circuit asymmetry following cell type–specific Fasciclin 2 manipulation affects adult brain function. These results reveal an unexpected degree of developmental plasticity of late-born Drosophila neurons in the formation of a circuit node via the lateralized recruitment of symmetric circuit components.},
  author       = {Markovitsch, Johann W. and Mitić, Daniel and Del Pilar Jiménez García, Alisa and Zane, Alsberga and Kainz, Sarah and Kaur, Rashmit and Hummel, Thomas},
  issn         = {2375-2548},
  journal      = {Science Advances},
  number       = {13},
  publisher    = {AAAS},
  title        = {{Sequential formation of Drosophila circuit asymmetry via prolonged structural plasticity}},
  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.aea6020},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{22315,
  abstract     = {Plant tropisms enable roots to navigate complex soils by responding to directional environmental cues. Biological decay, although central to nutrient cycling, also creates microbially active and potentially hostile niches. In this work, we identified “saprotropism,” a previously unrecognized growth response that enables roots to actively bend away from decaying plant-derived matter. Fungal-driven microbial decomposition released organic acids and formed stable pH gradients in surrounding soil, allowing roots to pinpoint decay without direct contact. Root epidermal cells sensed this acidic gradient through the root meristem growth factor peptide-receptor module, converting external pH asymmetry into asymmetric abscisic acid (ABA) distribution. ABA asymmetry drove microtubule reorganization, which was decoded into decay-avoidant root bending. Together, these findings establish microbial decay–derived chemical gradients as an instructive signal for root navigation and expand the framework of microbe-soil-plant communication.},
  author       = {Bao, Zhulatai and Wang, Huihui and Zhang, Ai and Gao, Ruxi and Gu, Wen and Fan, Ni and Friml, Jiří and Zhang, Yuzhou},
  issn         = {1095-9203},
  journal      = {Science},
  number       = {6807},
  publisher    = {AAAS},
  title        = {{Roots navigate around decay regions by sensing local pH gradients}},
  doi          = {10.1126/science.adw6568},
  volume       = {393},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{23044,
  abstract     = {We report the discovery of 31 new high-z quasars in the redshift range 6.6 < z < 7.8. These quasars were selected from approximately 3000 deg2 of sky covered during the first 1.5 years of the Euclid Wide Survey, representing the initial results of the Euclid high-z quasar search. Our candidate selection employed multiple machine-learning and probabilistic techniques applied to the EuclidIE, YE, JE, and HE images, supplemented by ancillary z-band data when available. Spectroscopic follow-up observations were carried out with Keck, Magellan, and the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). Among the new discoveries, there are 12 quasars at z ≥ 7, more than doubling the number of previously known quasars at z ≥ 7. The newly discovered quasars exhibit 21.2 < JE < 23.2 (−25.5 < M1450 < −23.6), extending quasar studies to the faint end of the quasar luminosity function (QLF) at z ≳ 7. The quasar with the highest-z, EUCL J172902.75+641018.1 at z ≈ 7.77, sets the new redshift record for the most distant quasar ever reported. These discoveries demonstrate Euclid’s transformative role in high-z quasar discovery and set the stage for future follow-up studies of the early galaxies hosting quasars, supermassive black hole growth, and the intergalactic medium in the epoch of reionisation.},
  author       = {Yang, D. and Hennawi, J. F. and Guarneri, F. and Wolf, J. and Belladitta, S. and Schindler, J. T. and Hughes, A. C.N. and Bañados, E. and Mortlock, D. J. and Yang, J. and Wang, F. and Fan, X. and Jahnke, K. and Stern, D. and Willott, C. J. and Barth, A. J. and Rottgering, H. J.A. and Varadaraj, R. G. and Decarli, R. and Eilers, A. C. and Ezziati, M. and Fu, Y. and Huang, J. and Jin, X. and Kang, Y. and Martinez-Ramirez, L. N. and Matsuoka, Y. and Onoue, M. and Pello, R. and Remigio, R. P. and Tee, W. L. and Venemans, B. and Vietri, G. and Wang, B. and Abbo, L. J. and Atek, H. and Bisogni, S. and Bosman, S. E.I. and Bowler, R. A.A. and Conselice, C. J. and Davies, F. B. and Gutierrez, C. M. and Harikane, Y. and Rubinur, K. and Lovell, C. C. and Magliocchetti, M. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Ricci, F. and Scialpi, M. and Scott, D. and Spinoglio, L. and Tarsitano, F. and Toba, Y. and Walter, F. and Weaver, J. R. and Zamorani, G. and Altieri, B. and Amara, A. and Andreon, S. and Aussel, H. and Baccigalupi, C. and Baldi, M. and Balestra, A. and Bardelli, S. and Battaglia, P. and Biviano, A. and Branchini, E. and Brescia, M. and Camera, S. and Cañas-Herrera, G. and Capobianco, V. and Carbone, C. and Carretero, J. and Castellano, M. and Castignani, G. and Cavuoti, S. and Chambers, K. C. and Cimatti, A. and Colodro-Conde, C. and Congedo, G. and Conversi, L. and Copin, Y. and Courbin, F. and Courtois, H. M. and Cropper, M. and Cuillandre, J. C. and Degaudenzi, H. and De Lucia, G. and Dolding, C. and Dole, H. and Douspis, M. and Dubath, F. and Dupac, X. and Dusini, S. and Escoffier, S. and Farina, M. and Farinelli, R. and Ferriol, S. and Finelli, F. and Fourmanoit, N. and Frailis, M. and Franceschi, E. and Fumana, M. and Galeotta, S. and George, K. and Gillis, B. and Giocoli, C. and Gómez-Alvarez, P. and Gracia-Carpio, J. and Grazian, A. and Grupp, F. and Guzzo, L. and Gwyn, S. and Haugan, S. V.H. and Hoekstra, H. and Holmes, W. and Hook, I. M. and Hormuth, F. and Hornstrup, A. and Jhabvala, M. and Kermiche, S. and Kubik, B. and Kuijken, K. and Kümmel, M. and Kunz, M. and Kurki-Suonio, H. and Le Brun, A. M.C. and Ligori, S. and Lilje, P. B. and Lindholm, V. and Lloro, I. and Mainetti, G. and Maino, D. and Maiorano, E. and Mansutti, O. and Marggraf, O. and Martinelli, M. and Martinet, N. and Marulli, F. and Massey, R. J. and Mccracken, H. J. and Medinaceli, E. and Mei, S. and Mellier, Y. and Meneghetti, M. and Merlin, E. and Meylan, G. and Mohr, J. J. and Mora, A. and Moresco, M. and Moscardini, L. and Munari, E. and Nakajima, R. and Neissner, C. and Nichol, R. C. and Niemi, S. M. and Padilla, C. and Paltani, S. and Pasian, F. and Pedersen, K. and Percival, W. J. and Pettorino, V. and Pires, S. and Polenta, G. and Poncet, M. and Popa, L. A. and Pozzetti, L. and Racca, G. D. and Raison, F. and Rebolo, R. and Renzi, A. and Rhodes, J. and Riccio, G. and Rix, H. W. and Romelli, E. and Roncarelli, M. and Rosset, C. and Rusholme, B. and Saglia, R. and Sakr, Z. and Sapone, D. and Sauvage, M. and Schirmer, M. and Schneider, P. and Schrabback, T. and Secroun, A. and Seidel, G. and Serrano, S. and Sihvola, E. and Simon, P. and Sirignano, C. and Sirri, G. and Stanco, L. and Steinwagner, J. and Tallada-Crespí, P. and Tereno, I. and Tessore, N. and Toft, S. and Toledo-Moreo, R. and Torradeflot, F. and Tutusaus, I. and Valenziano, L. and Valiviita, J. and Vassallo, T. and Wang, Y. and Weller, J. and Zerbi, F. M. and Zucca, E. and Fabbian, G. and Huertas-Company, M. and Martín-Fleitas, J. and Monaco, P. and Scottez, V. and Viel, M.},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Euclid: Discovery of 31 new quasars at 6.6 < z < 7.8}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202658883},
  volume       = {711},
  year         = {2026},
}

@article{23049,
  abstract     = {We investigate the properties of extreme emission line galaxies (EELGs) at z = 4 − 9 and their role in reionization. Compact, low-mass galaxies with intense optical emission lines are linked to elevated specific star formation rates (sSFRs) and recent bursts of star formation. Feedback in these systems may enable the leakage of ionizing radiation into the intergalactic medium. Using JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy from the CAPERS, CEERS, and RUBIES surveys, we compiled 160 NIRCam-selected EELGs in the EGS field. These galaxies show extreme rest-frame equivalent widths (EWs), with a median EW([O III]+Hβ) = 1616 Å and EW(Hα) = 763 Å. They are low-mass (median log(M★/M⊙) = 8.26) with high sSFRs (median 43 Gyr−1), above the z ∼ 6 main sequence. UV slopes are diverse, with a median value of β = −2.0, and only 7% have extremely blue continua (β < −2.6). Emission-line diagnostics suggest stellar populations as the primary ionizing source, although an AGN fraction of 14% cannot be entirely ruled out. These galaxies are efficient ionizing photon producers, with median log(ξion [Hz erg−1]) = 25.37, exceeding typical values at similar redshifts. Escape fractions, however, are heterogeneous: 16% of EELGs at z < 7 show escape fractions > 5% for both Lyα and LyC photons, while 82% lack detectable Lyα emission. The median inferred LyC escape fraction is modest (5%) but enhanced in compact super-Eddington systems with sSFR > 25 Gyr−1. These results indicate that EELGs contribute approximately 16 − 40% of the total ionizing emissivity required to sustain hydrogen reionization. EELGs are extremely compact, with a median effective radius of 0.49 kpc, and exhibit a recent star formation burst. Our analysis indicates that sSFR and star formation rate surface density are the primary drivers of their extreme emission line strengths.},
  author       = {Llerena, M. and Pentericci, L. and Amorín, R. and Ferrara, A. and Dickinson, M. and Arevalo-Gonzalez, F. and Calabrò, A. and Napolitano, L. and Mascia, Sara and Arrabal Haro, P. and Begley, R. and Cleri, N. J. and Davis, K. and Hu, W. and Kartaltepe, J. S. and Koekemoer, A. M. and Lucas, R. A. and Mcgrath, E. and Mcleod, D. J. and Papovich, C. and Stanton, T. M. and Taylor, A. J. and Tripodi, R. and Wang, X. and Yung, L. Y.A.},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Extreme equivalent-width-selected low-mass starbursts at z = 4 − 9: Insights into their role in cosmic reionization}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202557897},
  volume       = {708},
  year         = {2026},
}