@inproceedings{14310,
  author       = {Siavashpouri, Mahsa and Wachauf, Christian and Zakhary, Mark and Praetorius, Florian M and Dietz, Hendrik and Dogic, Zvonimir},
  booktitle    = {APS March Meeting 2017},
  publisher    = {APS},
  title        = {{Molecular engineering of colloidal liquid crystals using DNA origami}},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{1433,
  abstract     = {Phat is an open-source C. ++ library for the computation of persistent homology by matrix reduction, targeted towards developers of software for topological data analysis. We aim for a simple generic design that decouples algorithms from data structures without sacrificing efficiency or user-friendliness. We provide numerous different reduction strategies as well as data types to store and manipulate the boundary matrix. We compare the different combinations through extensive experimental evaluation and identify optimization techniques that work well in practical situations. We also compare our software with various other publicly available libraries for persistent homology.},
  author       = {Bauer, Ulrich and Kerber, Michael and Reininghaus, Jan and Wagner, Hubert},
  issn         = { 0747-7171},
  journal      = {Journal of Symbolic Computation},
  pages        = {76 -- 90},
  publisher    = {Academic Press},
  title        = {{Phat - Persistent homology algorithms toolbox}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.jsc.2016.03.008},
  volume       = {78},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{15154,
  abstract     = {Biofilm formation is critical for the infection cycle of Vibrio cholerae. Vibrio exopolysaccharides (VPS) and the matrix proteins RbmA, Bap1 and RbmC are required for the development of biofilm architecture. We demonstrate that RbmA binds VPS directly and uses a binary structural switch within its first fibronectin type III (FnIII-1) domain to control RbmA structural dynamics and the formation of VPS-dependent higher-order structures. The structural switch in FnIII-1 regulates interactions in trans with the FnIII-2 domain, leading to open (monomeric) or closed (dimeric) interfaces. The ability of RbmA to switch between open and closed states is important for V. cholerae biofilm formation, as RbmA variants with switches that are locked in either of the two states lead to biofilms with altered architecture and structural integrity.},
  author       = {Fong, Jiunn CN and Rogers, Andrew and Michael, Alicia Kathleen and Parsley, Nicole C and Cornell, William-Cole and Lin, Yu-Cheng and Singh, Praveen K and Hartmann, Raimo and Drescher, Knut and Vinogradov, Evgeny and Dietrich, Lars EP and Partch, Carrie L and Yildiz, Fitnat H},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  keywords     = {General Immunology and Microbiology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Medicine, General Neuroscience},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Structural dynamics of RbmA governs plasticity of Vibrio cholerae biofilms}},
  doi          = {10.7554/elife.26163},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{15155,
  abstract     = {The C-terminal transactivation domain (TAD) of BMAL1 (brain and muscle ARNT-like 1) is a regulatory hub for transcriptional coactivators and repressors that compete for binding and, consequently, contributes to period determination of the mammalian circadian clock. Here, we report the discovery of two distinct conformational states that slowly exchange within the dynamic TAD to control timing. This binary switch results from cis/trans isomerization about a highly conserved Trp-Pro imide bond in a region of the TAD that is required for normal circadian timekeeping. Both cis and trans isomers interact with transcriptional regulators, suggesting that isomerization could serve a role in assembling regulatory complexes in vivo. Toward this end, we show that locking the switch into the trans isomer leads to shortened circadian periods. Furthermore, isomerization is regulated by the cyclophilin family of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases, highlighting the potential for regulation of BMAL1 protein dynamics in period determination.},
  author       = {Gustafson, Chelsea L. and Parsley, Nicole C. and Asimgil, Hande and Lee, Hsiau-Wei and Ahlbach, Christopher and Michael, Alicia Kathleen and Xu, Haiyan and Williams, Owen L. and Davis, Tara L. and Liu, Andrew C. and Partch, Carrie L.},
  issn         = {1097-2765},
  journal      = {Molecular Cell},
  keywords     = {Cell Biology, Molecular Biology},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {447--457.e7},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{A slow conformational switch in the BMAL1 transactivation domain modulates circadian rhythms}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.molcel.2017.04.011},
  volume       = {66},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{15156,
  abstract     = {Circadian clocks are ubiquitous timing systems that induce rhythms of biological activities in synchrony with night and day. In cyanobacteria, timing is generated by a posttranslational clock consisting of KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC proteins and a set of output signaling proteins, SasA and CikA, which transduce this rhythm to control gene expression. Here, we describe crystal and nuclear magnetic resonance structures of KaiB-KaiC,KaiA-KaiB-KaiC, and CikA-KaiB complexes. They reveal how the metamorphic properties of KaiB, a protein that adopts two distinct folds, and the post–adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis state of KaiC create a hub around which nighttime signaling events revolve, including inactivation of KaiA and reciprocal regulation of the mutually antagonistic signaling proteins, SasA and CikA.},
  author       = {Tseng, Roger and Goularte, Nicolette F. and Chavan, Archana and Luu, Jansen and Cohen, Susan E. and Chang, Yong-Gang and Heisler, Joel and Li, Sheng and Michael, Alicia Kathleen and Tripathi, Sarvind and Golden, Susan S. and LiWang, Andy and Partch, Carrie L.},
  issn         = {1095-9203},
  journal      = {Science},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {6330},
  pages        = {1174--1180},
  publisher    = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  title        = {{Structural basis of the day-night transition in a bacterial circadian clock}},
  doi          = {10.1126/science.aag2516},
  volume       = {355},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{15157,
  abstract     = {The basic helix–loop–helix PAS domain (bHLH-PAS) transcription factor CLOCK:BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) sits at the core of the mammalian circadian transcription/translation feedback loop. Precise control of CLOCK:BMAL1 activity by coactivators and repressors establishes the ∼24-h periodicity of gene expression. Formation of a repressive complex, defined by the core clock proteins cryptochrome 1 (CRY1):CLOCK:BMAL1, plays an important role controlling the switch from repression to activation each day. Here we show that CRY1 binds directly to the PAS domain core of CLOCK:BMAL1, driven primarily by interaction with the CLOCK PAS-B domain. Integrative modeling and solution X-ray scattering studies unambiguously position a key loop of the CLOCK PAS-B domain in the secondary pocket of CRY1, analogous to the antenna chromophore-binding pocket of photolyase. CRY1 docks onto the transcription factor alongside the PAS domains, extending above the DNA-binding bHLH domain. Single point mutations at the interface on either CRY1 or CLOCK disrupt formation of the ternary complex, highlighting the importance of this interface for direct regulation of CLOCK:BMAL1 activity by CRY1.},
  author       = {Michael, Alicia Kathleen and Fribourgh, Jennifer L. and Chelliah, Yogarany and Sandate, Colby R. and Hura, Greg L. and Schneidman-Duhovny, Dina and Tripathi, Sarvind M. and Takahashi, Joseph S. and Partch, Carrie L.},
  issn         = {1091-6490},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {1560--1565},
  publisher    = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Formation of a repressive complex in the mammalian circadian clock is mediated by the secondary pocket of CRY1}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1615310114},
  volume       = {114},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{15158,
  abstract     = {Cryptochromes are evolutionarily related to the light‐dependent DNA repair enzyme photolyase, serving as major regulators of circadian rhythms in insects and vertebrate animals. There are two types of cryptochromes in the animal kingdom: <jats:italic>Drosophila</jats:italic>‐like CRYs that act as nonvisual photopigments linking circadian rhythms to the environmental light/dark cycle, and vertebrate‐like CRYs that do not appear to sense light directly, but control the generation of circadian rhythms by acting as transcriptional repressors. Some animals have both types of CRYs, while others possess only one. Cryptochromes have two domains, the photolyase homology region (PHR) and an extended, intrinsically disordered C‐terminus. While all animal CRYs share a high degree of sequence and structural homology in their PHR domains, the C‐termini are divergent in both length and sequence identity. Recently, cryptochrome function has been shown to extend beyond its pivotal role in circadian clocks, participating in regulation of the DNA damage response, cancer progression and glucocorticoid signaling, as well as being implicated as possible magnetoreceptors. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the discovery of animal cryptochromes, examine similarities and differences of the two types of animal cryptochromes and explore some of the divergent roles for this class of proteins.},
  author       = {Michael, Alicia Kathleen and Fribourgh, Jennifer L. and Van Gelder, Russell N. and Partch, Carrie L.},
  issn         = {1751-1097},
  journal      = {Photochemistry and Photobiology},
  keywords     = {Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, General Medicine, Biochemistry},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {128--140},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Animal cryptochromes: Divergent roles in light perception, circadian timekeeping and beyond}},
  doi          = {10.1111/php.12677},
  volume       = {93},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{15239,
  abstract     = {Using images from the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys, we measure the rate of cooling of white dwarfs in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae and compare it to modelled cooling curves. We examine the effects of the outer convective envelope reaching the nearly isothermal degenerate core and the release of latent heat during core crystallization on the white dwarf cooling rates. For white dwarfs typical of 47 Tuc, the onset of these effects occur at similar times. The latent heat released during crystallization is a small heat source. In contrast, the heat reservoir of the degenerate core is substantially larger. When the convective envelope reaches the nearly isothermal interior of the white dwarf, the star becomes brighter than it would be in the absence of this effect. Our modelled cooling curves that include this convective coupling closely match the observed luminosity function of the white dwarfs in 47 Tuc.},
  author       = {Obertas, Alysa and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Heyl, Jeremy and Richer, Harvey and Kalirai, Jason and Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel},
  issn         = {1365-2966},
  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  keywords     = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {677--682},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{The onset of convective coupling and freezing in the white dwarfs of 47 Tucanae}},
  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/stx2759},
  volume       = {474},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{15240,
  abstract     = {Multi-epoch observations with the Advanced Camera Survey and WFC3 on the Hubble Space Telescope provide a unique and comprehensive probe of stellar dynamics within 47 Tucanae. We confront analytic models of the globular cluster with the observed stellar proper motions that probe along the main sequence from just above 0.8–0.1M⊙ as well as white dwarfs younger than 1 Gyr. One field lies just beyond the half-light radius where dynamical models (e.g., lowered Maxwellian distributions) make robust predictions for the stellar proper motions. The observed proper motions in this outer field show evidence for anisotropy in the velocity distribution as well as skewness; the latter is evidence of rotation. The measured velocity dispersions and surface brightness distributions agree in detail with a rotating anisotropic model of the stellar distribution function with mild dependence of the proper-motion dispersion on mass. However, the best-fitting models underpredict the rotation and skewness of the stellar velocities. In the second field, centered on the core of the cluster, the mass segregation in proper motion is much stronger. Nevertheless the model developed in the outer field can be extended inward by taking this mass segregation into account in a heuristic fashion. The proper motions of the main-sequence stars yield a mass estimate of the cluster of 
 at a distance of 4.7 kpc. By comparing the proper motions of a sample of giant and subgiant stars with the observed radial velocities we estimate the distance to the cluster kinematically to be 4.29 ± 0.47 kpc.},
  author       = {Heyl, J. and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Richer, H. and Anderson, J. and Kalirai, J. and Parada, J.},
  issn         = {1538-4357},
  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal},
  keywords     = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics},
  number       = {2},
  publisher    = {American Astronomical Society},
  title        = {{Deep HST imaging in 47 Tucanae: A global dynamical model}},
  doi          = {10.3847/1538-4357/aa974f},
  volume       = {850},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{15241,
  abstract     = {We present a model to account for the observed debris discs around young white dwarfs and the presence of metal lines in their spectra. Stellar evolution models predict that the mass-loss on the AGB will be pulsed; furthermore, observations indicate that the bulk of the mass-loss occurs on the AGB. In this case, if the progenitors of the white dwarfs had remnants of planetary formation like the Sun’s Oort cloud or the Kuiper Belt and a planet lying within that cloud or nearby, we find that up to 2 per cent of the planetesimals will fall either into planet-crossing orbits or into chaotic regions after the mass-loss, depending on the location and mass of the planet (from Mars to Neptune). This yields a sufficient mass of comets that can be scattered towards the star, form a debris disc and pollute the atmosphere.},
  author       = {Caiazzo, Ilaria and Heyl, Jeremy S.},
  issn         = {1365-2966},
  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  keywords     = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {2750--2759},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Polluting white dwarfs with perturbed exo-comets}},
  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/stx1036},
  volume       = {469},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{15243,
  abstract     = {High-energy (>250 keV) emission has been detected persisting for several tens of seconds after the initial spike of magnetar giant flares (GFs). It has been conjectured that this emission might arise via inverse Compton scattering in a highly extended corona generated by super-Eddington outflows high up in the magnetosphere. In this paper, we undertake a detailed examination of this model. We investigate the properties of the required scatterers, and whether the mechanism is consistent with the degree of pulsed emission observed in the tail of the GF. We conclude that the mechanism is consistent with current data, although the origin of the scattering population remains an open question. We propose an alternative picture in which the emission is closer to that star and is dominated by synchrotron radiation. The Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager observations of the 2004 December flare modestly favour this latter picture. We assess the prospects for the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to detect and characterize a similar high-energy component in a future GF. Such a detection should help to resolve some of the outstanding issues.},
  author       = {Elenbaas, C. and Huppenkothen, D. and Omand, C. and Watts, A. L. and Bissaldi, E. and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Heyl, J.},
  issn         = {1365-2966},
  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  keywords     = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {1856--1872},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Magnetar giant flare high-energy emission}},
  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/stx1727},
  volume       = {471},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{1528,
  abstract     = {We consider N×N Hermitian random matrices H consisting of blocks of size M≥N6/7. The matrix elements are i.i.d. within the blocks, close to a Gaussian in the four moment matching sense, but their distribution varies from block to block to form a block-band structure, with an essential band width M. We show that the entries of the Green’s function G(z)=(H−z)−1 satisfy the local semicircle law with spectral parameter z=E+iη down to the real axis for any η≫N−1, using a combination of the supersymmetry method inspired by Shcherbina (J Stat Phys 155(3): 466–499, 2014) and the Green’s function comparison strategy. Previous estimates were valid only for η≫M−1. The new estimate also implies that the eigenvectors in the middle of the spectrum are fully delocalized.},
  author       = {Bao, Zhigang and Erdös, László},
  issn         = {0178-8051},
  journal      = {Probability Theory and Related Fields},
  number       = {3-4},
  pages        = {673 -- 776},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Delocalization for a class of random block band matrices}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00440-015-0692-y},
  volume       = {167},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{169,
  abstract     = {We show that a twisted variant of Linnik’s conjecture on sums of Kloosterman sums leads to an optimal covering exponent for S3.},
  author       = {Browning, Timothy D and Kumaraswamy, Vinay and Steiner, Rapael},
  journal      = {International Mathematics Research Notices},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Twisted Linnik implies optimal covering exponent for S3}},
  doi          = {10.1093/imrn/rnx116},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{172,
  abstract     = {We study strong approximation for some algebraic varieties over ℚ which are defined using norm forms. This allows us to confirm a special case of a conjecture due to Harpaz and Wittenberg.},
  author       = {Browning, Timothy D and Schindler, Damaris},
  journal      = {International Mathematics Research Notices},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Strong approximation and a conjecture of Harpaz and Wittenberg}},
  doi          = {10.1093/imrn/rnx252},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{19474,
  abstract     = {The complex behaviors underlying reward seeking and consumption are integral to organism survival. The hypothalamus and mesolimbic dopamine system are key mediators of these behaviors, yet regulation of appetitive and consummatory behaviors outside of these regions is poorly understood. The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) has been implicated in feeding and reward, but the neurons and circuit mechanisms that positively regulate these behaviors remain unclear. Here, we defined the neuronal mechanisms by which CeA neurons promote food consumption. Using in vivo activity manipulations and Ca2+ imaging in mice, we found that GABAergic serotonin receptor 2a (Htr2a)-expressing CeA neurons modulate food consumption, promote positive reinforcement and are active in vivo during eating. We demonstrated electrophysiologically, anatomically and behaviorally that intra-CeA and long-range circuit mechanisms underlie these behaviors. Finally, we showed that CeAHtr2a neurons receive inputs from feeding-relevant brain regions. Our results illustrate how defined CeA neural circuits positively regulate food consumption.},
  author       = {Douglass, Amelia May Barnett and Kucukdereli, Hakan and Ponserre, Marion and Markovic, Milica and Gründemann, Jan and Strobel, Cornelia and Alcala Morales, Pilar L and Conzelmann, Karl-Klaus and Lüthi, Andreas and Klein, Rüdiger},
  issn         = {1546-1726},
  journal      = {Nature Neuroscience},
  number       = {10},
  pages        = {1384--1394},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Central amygdala circuits modulate food consumption through a positive-valence mechanism}},
  doi          = {10.1038/nn.4623},
  volume       = {20},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{443,
  abstract     = {Pancreatic cancer has a five-year survival rate of ~8%, with characteristic molecular heterogeneity and restricted treatment options. Targeting metabolism has emerged as a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for cancers such as pancreatic cancer, which are driven by genetic alterations that are not tractable drug targets. Although somatic mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) mutations have been observed in various tumors types, understanding of metabolic genotype-phenotype relationships is limited.},
  author       = {Hardie, Rae and Van Dam, Ellen and Cowley, Mark and Han, Ting and Balaban, Seher and Pajic, Marina and Pinese, Mark and Iconomou, Mary and Shearer, Robert and Mckenna, Jessie and Miller, David and Waddell, Nicola and Pearson, John and Grimmond, Sean and Sazanov, Leonid A and Biankin, Andrew and Villas Boas, Silas and Hoy, Andrew and Turner, Nigel and Saunders, Darren},
  journal      = {Cancer & Metabolism},
  number       = {2},
  publisher    = {BioMed Central},
  title        = {{Mitochondrial mutations and metabolic adaptation in pancreatic cancer}},
  doi          = {10.1186/s40170-017-0164-1},
  volume       = {5},
  year         = {2017},
}

@inbook{444,
  abstract     = {Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) plays a central role in cellular energy generation, contributing to the proton motive force used to produce ATP. It couples the transfer of two electrons between NADH and quinone to translocation of four protons across the membrane. It is the largest protein assembly of bacterial and mitochondrial respiratory chains, composed, in mammals, of up to 45 subunits with a total molecular weight of ∼1 MDa. Bacterial enzyme is about half the size, providing the important “minimal” model of complex I. The l-shaped complex consists of a hydrophilic arm, where electron transfer occurs, and a membrane arm, where proton translocation takes place. Previously, we have solved the crystal structures of the hydrophilic domain of complex I from Thermus thermophilus and of the membrane domain from Escherichia coli, followed by the atomic structure of intact, entire complex I from T. thermophilus. Recently, we have solved by cryo-EM a first complete atomic structure of mammalian (ovine) mitochondrial complex I. Core subunits are well conserved from the bacterial version, whilst supernumerary subunits form an interlinked, stabilizing shell around the core. Subunits containing additional cofactors, including Zn ion, NADPH and phosphopantetheine, probably have regulatory roles. Dysfunction of mitochondrial complex I is implicated in many human neurodegenerative diseases. The structure of mammalian enzyme provides many insights into complex I mechanism, assembly, maturation and dysfunction, allowing detailed molecular analysis of disease-causing mutations.},
  author       = {Sazanov, Leonid A},
  booktitle    = {Mechanisms of primary energy transduction in biology },
  editor       = {Wikström, Mårten},
  isbn         = {978-1-78262-865-1},
  pages        = {25 -- 59},
  publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  title        = {{Structure of respiratory complex I: “Minimal” bacterial and “de luxe” mammalian versions}},
  doi          = {10.1039/9781788010405-00025},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{445,
  abstract     = {The Loschmidt echo, defined as the overlap between quantum wave function evolved with different Hamiltonians, quantifies the sensitivity of quantum dynamics to perturbations and is often used as a probe of quantum chaos. In this work we consider the behavior of the Loschmidt echo in the many-body localized phase, which is characterized by emergent local integrals of motion and provides a generic example of nonergodic dynamics. We demonstrate that the fluctuations of the Loschmidt echo decay as a power law in time in the many-body localized phase, in contrast to the exponential decay in few-body ergodic systems. We consider the spin-echo generalization of the Loschmidt echo and argue that the corresponding correlation function saturates to a finite value in localized systems. Slow, power-law decay of fluctuations of such spin-echo-type overlap is related to the operator spreading and is present only in the many-body localized phase, but not in a noninteracting Anderson insulator. While most of the previously considered probes of dephasing dynamics could be understood by approximating physical spin operators with local integrals of motion, the Loschmidt echo and its generalizations crucially depend on the full expansion of the physical operators via local integrals of motion operators, as well as operators which flip local integrals of motion. Hence these probes allow one to get insights into the relation between physical operators and local integrals of motion and access the operator spreading in the many-body localized phase.},
  author       = {Serbyn, Maksym and Abanin, Dimitry},
  journal      = {Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Loschmidt echo in many body localized phases}},
  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevB.96.014202},
  volume       = {96},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{447,
  abstract     = {We consider last passage percolation (LPP) models with exponentially distributed random variables, which are linked to the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP). The competition interface for LPP was introduced and studied in Ferrari and Pimentel (2005a) for cases where the corresponding exclusion process had a rarefaction fan. Here we consider situations with a shock and determine the law of the fluctuations of the competition interface around its deter- ministic law of large number position. We also study the multipoint distribution of the LPP around the shock, extending our one-point result of Ferrari and Nejjar (2015).},
  author       = {Ferrari, Patrik and Nejjar, Peter},
  journal      = {Revista Latino-Americana de Probabilidade e Estatística},
  pages        = {299 -- 325},
  publisher    = {Instituto Nacional de Matematica Pura e Aplicada},
  title        = {{Fluctuations of the competition interface in presence of shocks}},
  doi          = {10.30757/ALEA.v14-17},
  volume       = {9},
  year         = {2017},
}

@article{452,
  abstract     = {Spinning tops and yo-yos have long fascinated cultures around the world with their unexpected, graceful motions that seemingly elude gravity. Yet, due to the exceeding difficulty of creating stably spinning objects of asymmetric shape in a manual trial-and-error process, there has been little departure from rotationally symmetric designs. With modern 3D printing technologies, however, we can manufacture shapes of almost unbounded complexity at the press of a button, shifting this design complexity toward computation. In this article, we describe an algorithm to generate designs for spinning objects by optimizing their mass distribution: as input, the user provides a solid 3D model and a desired axis of rotation. Our approach then modifies the interior mass distribution such that the principal directions of the moment of inertia align with the target rotation frame. To create voids inside the model, we represent its volume with an adaptive multiresolution voxelization and optimize the discrete voxel fill values using a continuous, nonlinear formulation. We further optimize for rotational stability by maximizing the dominant principal moment. Our method is well-suited for a variety of 3D printed models, ranging from characters to abstract shapes. We demonstrate tops and yo-yos that spin surprisingly stably despite their asymmetric appearance.},
  author       = {Bächer, Moritz and Bickel, Bernd and Whiting, Emily and Sorkine Hornung, Olga},
  journal      = {Communications of the ACM},
  number       = {8},
  pages        = {92 -- 99},
  publisher    = {ACM},
  title        = {{Spin it: Optimizing moment of inertia for spinnable objects}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3068766},
  volume       = {60},
  year         = {2017},
}

