@article{19444, abstract = {As the field of neural organoids and assembloids expands, there is an emergent need for guidance and advice on designing, conducting and reporting experiments to increase the reproducibility and utility of these models. In this Perspective, we present a framework for the experimental process that encompasses ensuring the quality and integrity of human pluripotent stem cells, characterizing and manipulating neural cells in vitro, transplantation techniques and considerations for modelling human development, evolution and disease. As with all scientific endeavours, we advocate for rigorous experimental designs tailored to explicit scientific questions as well as transparent methodologies and data sharing to provide useful knowledge for current research practices and for developing regulatory standards.}, author = {Pașca, Sergiu P. and Arlotta, Paola and Bateup, Helen S. and Camp, J. Gray and Cappello, Silvia and Gage, Fred H. and Knoblich, Jürgen A. and Kriegstein, Arnold R. and Lancaster, Madeline A. and Ming, Guo Li and Novarino, Gaia and Okano, Hideyuki and Parmar, Malin and Park, In Hyun and Reiner, Orly and Song, Hongjun and Studer, Lorenz and Takahashi, Jun and Temple, Sally and Testa, Giuseppe and Treutlein, Barbara and Vaccarino, Flora M. and Vanderhaeghen, Pierre and Young-Pearse, Tracy}, issn = {1476-4687}, journal = {Nature}, number = {8054}, pages = {315--320}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies}}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6}, volume = {639}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{19445, abstract = {In reconfiguration, we are given two solutions to a graph problem, such as Vertex Cover or Dominating Set, with each solution represented by a placement of tokens on vertices of the graph. Our task is to reconfigure one into the other using small steps while ensuring the intermediate configurations of tokens are also valid solutions. The two commonly studied settings are Token Jumping and Token Sliding, which allows moving a single token to an arbitrary or an adjacent vertex, respectively. We introduce new rules that generalize Token Jumping, parameterized by the number of tokens allowed to move at once and by the maximum distance of each move. Our main contribution is identifying minimal rules that allow reconfiguring any possible given solution into any other for Independent Set, Vertex Cover, and Dominating Set. For each minimal rule, we also provide an efficient algorithm that finds a corresponding reconfiguration sequence. We further focus on the rule that allows each token to move to an adjacent vertex in a single step. This natural variant turns out to be the minimal rule that guarantees reconfigurability for Vertex Cover. We determine the computational complexity of deciding whether a (shortest) reconfiguration sequence exists under this rule for the three studied problems. While reachability for Vertex Cover is shown to be in P, finding a shortest sequence is shown to be NP-complete. For Independent Set and Dominating Set, even reachability is shown to be PSPACE-complete.}, author = {Křišťan, Jan Matyáš and Svoboda, Jakub}, booktitle = {19th International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation}, isbn = {9789819628445}, issn = {1611-3349}, location = {Chengdu, China}, pages = {244--265}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Reconfiguration using generalized token jumping}}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-96-2845-2_16}, volume = {15411}, year = {2025}, } @article{19465, author = {Bernecky, Carrie A}, issn = {1471-0080}, journal = {Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Understanding the machinery that reads the genome}}, doi = {10.1038/s41580-025-00844-1}, volume = {26}, year = {2025}, } @article{19483, abstract = {We prove matching upper and lower bounds for the average of the6-torsionof class groups of quadratic fields. Furthermore, we count the number of integer solutions on an affine quartic threefold.}, author = {Chan, Yik Tung and Koymans, Peter and Pagano, Carlo and Sofos, Efthymios}, issn = {2036-2145}, journal = {Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Classe di Scienze}, publisher = {Scuola Normale Superiore - Edizioni della Normale}, title = {{6-torision and integral points on quartic threefolds}}, doi = {10.2422/2036-2145.202412_006}, year = {2025}, } @article{19495, abstract = {Machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) often neglect long-range interactions, such as electrostatic and dispersion forces. In this work, we introduce a straightforward and efficient method to account for long-range interactions by learning a hidden variable from local atomic descriptors and applying an Ewald summation to this variable. We demonstrate that in systems including charged and polar molecular dimers, bulk water, and water-vapor interface, standard short-ranged MLIPs can lead to unphysical predictions even when employing message passing. The long-range models effectively eliminate these artifacts, with only about twice the computational cost of short-range MLIPs.}, author = {Cheng, Bingqing}, issn = {2057-3960}, journal = {npj Computational Materials}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Latent Ewald summation for machine learning of long-range interactions}}, doi = {10.1038/s41524-025-01577-7}, volume = {11}, year = {2025}, } @article{19496, abstract = {We introduce the notions of scale for sets and measures on metric space by generalizing the usual notions of dimension. Several versions of scales are introduced such as Hausdorff, packing, box, local and quantization. They are defined for different growth, allowing a refined study of infinite dimensional spaces. We prove general theorems comparing the different versions of scales. They are applied to describe geometries of ergodic decompositions, of the Wiener measure and from functional spaces. The first application solves a problem of Berger on the notions of emergence (2020); the second lies in the geometry of the Wiener measure and extends the work of Dereich–Lifshits (2005); the last refines Kolmogorov–Tikhomirov (1958) study on finitely differentiable functions.}, author = {Helfter, Mathieu}, issn = {1432-1823}, journal = {Mathematische Zeitschrift}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Scales}}, doi = {10.1007/s00209-025-03719-5}, volume = {310}, year = {2025}, } @article{19497, abstract = {The stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background recently discovered by several pulsar timing array experiments is consistent with arising from a population of coalescing super-massive black hole binaries. The amplitude of the background is somewhat higher than expected in most previous population models or from the local mass density observations. Such binaries are expected to be produced in galaxy mergers, which are also thought to trigger bright quasar activity. Under the assumptions that (i) a fraction fbin∼1 of all quasars are associated with mergers, (ii) the typical quasar lifetime is tQ∼108 yr, and (iii) adopting Eddington ratios fEdd∼0.25 for the luminosity of quasars, we compute the GW background associated directly with the empirically measured quasar luminosity function. This approach bypasses the need to model the cosmological evolution of black holes or galaxy mergers from simulations or semi-analytical models. We find the amplitude matching the value measured by NANOGrav. Our results are consistent with most quasars being associated with black hole binaries and being the sources of the GW background, and imply a joint constraint on tQ, fEdd and the typical mass ratio q≡M2/M1. The signal in this case would be dominated by relatively distant ∼109M⊙ sources at z≈2−3, at the peak of quasar activity. Similarly to other models, our results remain in tension with the local super-massive black hole mass density.}, author = {Kis-Tóth, Ágnes and Haiman, Zoltán and Frei, Zsolt}, issn = {1361-6382}, journal = {Classical and Quantum Gravity}, number = {7}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Can quasars, triggered by mergers, account for NANOGrav’s stochastic gravitational wave background?}}, doi = {10.1088/1361-6382/adbda6}, volume = {42}, year = {2025}, } @article{19500, abstract = {We consider the Brown measure of the free circular Brownian motion, a+t√x , with an arbitrary initial condition a , i.e. a is a general non-normal operator and x is a circular element ∗ -free from a . We prove that, under a mild assumption on a , the density of the Brown measure has one of the following two types of behavior around each point on the boundary of its support -- either (i) sharp cut, i.e. a jump discontinuity along the boundary, or (ii) quadratic decay at certain critical points on the boundary. Our result is in direct analogy with the previously known phenomenon for the spectral density of free semicircular Brownian motion, whose singularities are either a square-root edge or a cubic cusp. We also provide several examples and counterexamples, one of which shows that our assumption on a is necessary.}, author = {Erdös, László and Ji, Hong Chang}, issn = {1431-0643}, journal = {Documenta Mathematica}, number = {2}, pages = {417--453}, publisher = {EMS Press}, title = {{Density of Brown measure of free circular Brownian motion}}, doi = {10.4171/DM/999}, volume = {30}, year = {2025}, } @article{19502, abstract = {Alkali dimers, Ak2, located on the surface of a helium nanodroplet, are set into rotation through the polarizability interaction with a nonresonant 1-ps-long laser pulse. The time-dependent degree of alignment is recorded using femtosecond-probe-pulse-induced Coulomb explosion into a pair of Ak+ fragment ions. The results, obtained for Na2, K2, and Rb2 in both the ground state 11Σ+g and the lowest-lying triplet state 13Σ+u, exhibit distinct, periodic revivals with a gradually decreasing amplitude. The dynamics differ from that expected for dimers had they behaved as free rotors. Numerically, we solve the time-dependent rotational Schrödinger equation, including an effective mean-field potential to describe the interaction between the dimer and the droplet. The experimental and simulated alignment dynamics agree well and their comparison enables us to determine the effective rotational constants of the alkali dimers with the exception of Rb2(13Σ+u) that only exhibits a prompt alignment peak but no subsequent revivals. For Na2(13Σ+u), K2(11Σ+g), K2(13Σ+u) and Rb2(11Σ+g), the alignment dynamics are well-described by a 2D rotor model. We ascribe this to a significant confinement of the internuclear axis of these dimers, induced by the orientation-dependent droplet-dimer interaction, to the tangential plane of their residence point on the droplet.}, author = {Kristensen, Henrik H. and Kranabetter, Lorenz and Ghazaryan, Areg and Schouder, Constant A. and Hansen, Emil and Jensen, Frank and Zillich, Robert E. and Lemeshko, Mikhail and Stapelfeldt, Henrik}, issn = {2469-9934}, journal = {Physical Review A}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Nonadiabatic laser-induced alignment dynamics of alkali-metal dimers on the surface of a helium droplet}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.111.033114}, volume = {111}, year = {2025}, } @article{19503, abstract = {A tantalizing open problem, posed independently by Stiebitz in 1995 and by Alon in 1996 and again in 2006, asks whether for every pair of integers s,t≥1 there exists a finite number F(s,t) such that the vertex set of every digraph of minimum out-degree at least F(s,t) can be partitioned into non-empty parts A and B such that the subdigraphs induced on A and B have minimum out-degree at least s and t , respectively. In this short note, we prove that if F(2,2) exists, then all the numbers F(s,t) with s,t≥1 exist and satisfy F(s,t)=Θ(s+t) . In consequence, the problem of Alon and Stiebitz reduces to the case s=t=2 . Moreover, the numbers F(s,t) with s,t≥2 either all exist and grow linearly, or all of them do not exist.}, author = {Christoph, Micha and Petrova, Kalina H and Steiner, Raphael}, issn = {1469-2163}, journal = {Combinatorics Probability and Computing}, number = {4}, pages = {559--564}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{A note on digraph splitting}}, doi = {10.1017/S0963548325000045}, volume = {34}, year = {2025}, } @article{19504, abstract = {Observational studies have shown that galaxy disks were already in place in the first few billion years of the Universe. The early disks detected so far, with typical half-light radii of 3 kpc at stellar masses around 1011 M⊙ for redshift z ≈ 3, are significantly smaller than today’s disks with similar masses, which is in agreement with expectations from current galaxy models. Here we report observations of a giant disk at z = 3.25, when the Universe was only two billion years old, with a half-light radius of 9.6 kpc and stellar mass of (math formular). This galaxy is larger than any other kinematically confirmed disks at similar epochs and is surprisingly similar to today’s largest disks with regard to size and mass. James Webb Space Telescope imaging and spectroscopy reveal its spiral morphology and a rotational velocity consistent with a local Tully–Fisher relationship. Multiwavelength observations show that it lies in an exceptionally dense environment, where the galaxy number density is more than ten times higher than the cosmic average and mergers are frequent. The discovery of such a giant disk suggests the presence of favourable physical conditions for large-disk formation in dense environments in the early Universe, which may include efficient accretion of gas carrying coherent angular momentum and non-destructive mergers between exceptionally gas-rich progenitor galaxies.}, author = {Wang, Weichen and Cantalupo, Sebastiano and Pensabene, Antonio and Galbiati, Marta and Travascio, Andrea and Steidel, Charles C. and Maseda, Michael V. and Pezzulli, Gabriele and De Beer, Stephanie and Fossati, Matteo and Fumagalli, Michele and Gallego, Sofia G. and Lazeyras, Titouan and Mackenzie, Ruari and Matthee, Jorryt J and Nanayakkara, Themiya and Quadri, Giada}, issn = {2397-3366}, journal = {Nature Astronomy}, pages = {710--719}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{A giant disk galaxy two billion years after the Big Bang}}, doi = {10.1038/s41550-025-02500-2}, volume = {9}, year = {2025}, } @article{19505, abstract = {In this paper, we introduce and study the primitive equations with non-isothermal turbulent pressure and transport noise. They are derived from the Navier–Stokes equations by employing stochastic versions of the Boussinesq and the hydrostatic approximations. The temperature dependence of the turbulent pressure can be seen as a consequence of an additive noise acting on the small vertical dynamics. For such a model we prove global well-posedness in H^1 where the noise is considered in both the Itô and Stratonovich formulations. Compared to previous variants of the primitive equations, the one considered here presents a more intricate coupling between the velocity field and the temperature. The corresponding analysis is seriously more involved than in the deterministic setting. Finally, the continuous dependence on the initial data and the energy estimates proven here are new, even in the case of isothermal turbulent pressure.}, author = {Agresti, Antonio and Hieber, Matthias and Hussein, Amru and Saal, Martin}, issn = {1050-5164}, journal = {Annals of Applied Probability}, number = {1}, pages = {635--700}, publisher = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics}, title = {{The stochastic primitive equations with nonisothermal turbulent pressure}}, doi = {10.1214/24-AAP2124}, volume = {35}, year = {2025}, } @article{19507, abstract = {The epidermis provides a protective barrier against hostile environments. However, our knowledge of how this barrier forms during development and is subsequently maintained remains incomplete. The infundibulum is a cylindrical epidermal tissue compartment that serves as an outlet for hair follicles protruding from the skin and the excretion of the sebaceous glands that are essential for proper skin function. In this study, we applied quantitative fate mapping to address how infundibulum are maintained during adulthood. We demonstrate that progenitors build and maintain tissues through stochastic cell fate choices. Long-term analysis identified a preferential transient contribution from cells initially located at the bottom of the structure to the maintenance of the tissue, with bursts of local progenitor expansion associated with the phases of hair growth. Beyond providing compartment-wide insights into progenitor cell dynamics in infundibulum, these findings demonstrate how spatiotemporal regulation controls transient progenitor dominance.}, author = {Andersen, Marianne S. and Ulyanchenko, Svetlana and Schweiger, Pawel J. and Hannezo, Edouard B and Simons, Benjamin D. and Jensen, Kim B.}, issn = {1523-1747}, journal = {Journal of Investigative Dermatology}, number = {9}, pages = {2191--2202.e5}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Spatiotemporal switches in progenitor cell fate govern upper hair follicle growth and maintenance}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jid.2025.01.034}, volume = {145}, year = {2025}, } @article{19529, abstract = {NRF2 is a transcription factor responsible for coordinating the expression of over a thousand cytoprotective genes. Although NRF2 is constitutively expressed, its stability is modulated by the redox-sensitive protein KEAP1 and other conditional binding partner regulators. The new era of NRF2 research has highlighted the cooperation between NRF2 and PIN1 in modifying its cytoprotective effect. Despite numerous studies, the understanding of the PIN1-NRF2 interaction remains limited. Herein, we described the binding interaction of PIN1 and three different 14-mer long phospho-peptides mimicking NRF2 protein using computer-based, biophysical, and biochemical approaches. According to our computational analyses, the residues positioned in the WW domain of PIN1 (Ser16, Arg17, Ser18, Tyr23, Ser32, Gln33, and Trp34) were found to be crucial for PIN1-NRF2 interactions. Biophysical FP assays were used to verify the computational prediction. The data demonstrated that Pintide, a peptide predominantly interacting with the PIN1 WW-domain, led to a significant reduction in the binding affinity of the NRF2 mimicking peptides. Moreover, we evaluated the impact of known PIN1 inhibitors (juglone, KPT-6566, and EGCG) on the PIN1-NRF2 interaction. Among the inhibitors, KPT-6566 showed the most potent inhibitory effect on PIN1-NRF2 interaction within an IC50 range of 0.3–1.4 µM. Furthermore, our mass spectrometry analyses showed that KPT-6566 appeared to covalently modify PIN1 via conjugate addition, rather than disulfide exchange of the sulfonyl-acetate moiety. Altogether, such inhibitors would also be highly valuable molecular probes for further investigation of PIN1 regulation of NRF2 in the cellular context and potentially pave the way for drug molecules that specifically inhibit the cytoprotective effects of NRF2 in cancer.}, author = {Ozleyen, Adem and Duran, Gizem Nur and Dönmez, Serhat and Ozbil, Mehmet and Doveston, Richard G. and Tumer, Tugba Boyunegmez}, issn = {2045-2322}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Identification and inhibition of PIN1-NRF2 protein–protein interactions through computational and biophysical approaches}}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-89342-0}, volume = {15}, year = {2025}, } @article{19554, abstract = {In 1981, Karp and Sipser proved a law of large numbers for the matching number of a sparse Erdős–Rényi random graph, in an influential paper pioneering the so-called differential equation method for analysis of random graph processes. Strengthening this classical result, and answering a question of Aronson, Frieze and Pittel, we prove a central limit theorem in the same setting: the fluctuations in the matching number of a sparse random graph are asymptotically Gaussian. Our new contribution is to prove this central limit theorem in the subcritical and critical regimes, according to a celebrated algorithmic phase transition first observed by Karp and Sipser. Indeed, in the supercritical regime, a central limit theorem has recently been proved in the PhD thesis of Kreačić, using a stochastic generalisation of the differential equation method (comparing the so-called Karp–Sipser process to a system of stochastic differential equations). Our proof builds on these methods, and introduces new techniques to handle certain degeneracies present in the subcritical and critical cases. Curiously, our new techniques lead to a non-constructive result: we are able to characterise the fluctuations of the matching number around its mean, despite these fluctuations being much smaller than the error terms in our best estimates of the mean. We also prove a central limit theorem for the rank of the adjacency matrix of a sparse random graph.}, author = {Glasgow, Margalit and Kwan, Matthew Alan and Sah, Ashwin and Sawhney, Mehtaab}, issn = {1469-7750}, journal = {Journal of the London Mathematical Society}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{A central limit theorem for the matching number of a sparse random graph}}, doi = {10.1112/jlms.70101}, volume = {111}, year = {2025}, } @article{19555, abstract = {The charged arginine side chain is unique in determining many innate properties of proteins, contributing to stability and interaction surfaces, and directing allosteric regulation and enzymatic catalysis. NMR experiments can be used to reveal these processes at the molecular level, but it often requires selective insertion of carbon-13, nitrogen-15, and deuterium at defined atomic positions. We introduce a method to endow arginine residues with defined isotope patterns, combining synthetic organic chemistry and cell-based protein overexpression. The resulting proteins feature NMR active spin systems with optimized relaxation pathways leading to simplified NMR spectra with a sensitive response to changes in the chemical environment of the nuclei observed.}, author = {Rohden, Darja and Toscano, Giorgia and Schanda, Paul and Lichtenecker, Roman J.}, issn = {1521-3765}, journal = {Chemistry - A European Journal}, number = {24}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Synthesis of selectively 13C/2H/15N- labeled arginine to probe protein conformation and interaction by NMR spectroscopy}}, doi = {10.1002/chem.202500408}, volume = {31}, year = {2025}, } @article{19565, abstract = {Measuring distances in a multidimensional setting is a challenging problem, which appears in many fields of science and engineering. In this paper, to measure the distance between two multivariate distributions, we introduce a new measure of discrepancy which is scale invariant and which, in the case of two independent copies of the same distribution, and after normalization, coincides with the scaling invariant multidimensional version of the Gini index recently proposed in [P. Giudici, E. Raffinetti and G. Toscani, Measuring multidimensional inequality: A new proposal based on the Fourier transform, preprint (2024), arXiv:2401.14012 ]. A byproduct of the analysis is an easy-to-handle discrepancy metric, obtained by application of the theory to a pair of Gaussian multidimensional densities. The obtained metric does improve the standard metrics, based on the mean squared error, as it is scale invariant. The importance of this theoretical finding is illustrated by means of a real problem that concerns measuring the importance of Environmental, Social and Governance factors for the growth of small and medium enterprises. }, author = {Auricchio, Gennaro and Brigati, Giovanni and Giudici, Paolo and Toscani, Giuseppe}, issn = {1793-6314}, journal = {Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences}, number = {5}, pages = {1267--1296}, publisher = {World Scientific Publishing}, title = {{Multivariate Gini-type discrepancies}}, doi = {10.1142/s0218202525500174}, volume = {35}, year = {2025}, } @article{19585, abstract = {Air quality in northern South America faces significant challenges due to insufficient high-resolution emission inventories and sparse atmospheric studies. This study addresses these gaps by developing a novel framework that integrates high-resolution nighttime light data from SDGSAT-1 and multisource remote sensing datasets with deep learning techniques to downscale emission inventories. The refined inventories are coupled with meteorological inputs into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) model, enabling precise simulation of pollutant dynamics. Validated against ground measurements from Colombia's SISAIRE monitoring network, demonstrates significant improvements in spatiotemporal accuracy, particularly for particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) with error reductions of 22–30 % and correlation coefficients increasing from 0.68 to 0.85. These findings underscore the critical role of satellite-enhanced inventories in resolving localized emission patterns and seasonal variability, such as dry-season PM₁₀ spikes (150 % increase from wildfires). The framework provides policymakers with actionable insights to prioritize mitigation in rapidly urbanizing regions and manage transboundary pollution. By bridging data scarcity gaps, this replicable methodology offers transformative potential for global air quality management and public health protection, advocating for expanded ground monitoring networks and real-time satellite data integration in future applications.}, author = {Antezana-Lopez, Franz and Casallas Garcia, Alejandro and Zhou, Guanhua and Zhang, Kai and Jing, Guifei and Ali, Aamir and Lopez-Barrera, Ellie and Belalcazar, Luis Carlos and Rojas, Nestor and Jiang, Hongzhi}, issn = {1879-0704}, journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{High-resolution anthropogenic emission inventories with deep learning in northern South America}}, doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2025.114761}, volume = {324}, year = {2025}, } @article{19594, abstract = {In this issue of Developmental Cell, Lee et al. identify a pivotal role for glutathione (GSH) in plant regeneration, a vital biological process enabling plants to regrow tissues and organs after injury. Applying single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and live imaging, the authors demonstrate that GSH, released upon tissue damage, accelerates cell-cycle transitions, particularly shortening the G1 phase, thereby facilitating efficient organ regeneration.}, author = {Benková, Eva}, issn = {1878-1551}, journal = {Developmental Cell}, number = {8}, pages = {1137--1139}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Unlocking plant regeneration: The role for glutathione}}, doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2025.03.012}, volume = {60}, year = {2025}, } @article{19595, abstract = {We investigate the locality of magnetic response in polycyclic aromatic molecules using a novel deep-learning approach. Our method employs graph neural networks (GNNs) with a graph-of-rings representation to predict nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS) in the space around the molecule. We train a series of models, each time reducing the size of the largest molecules used in training. The accuracy of prediction remains high (MAE < 0.5 ppm), even when training the model only on molecules with up to four rings, thus providing strong evidence for the locality of magnetic response. To overcome the known problem of generalization of GNNs, we implement a k-hop expansion strategy and succeed in achieving accurate predictions for molecules with up to 15 rings (almost 4 times the size of the largest training example). Our findings have implications for understanding the magnetic response in complex molecules and demonstrate a promising approach to overcoming GNN scalability limitations. Furthermore, the trained models enable rapid characterization, without the need for more expensive DFT calculations.}, author = {Davidson, Yair and Philipp, Aviad and Chakraborty, Sabyasachi and Bronstein, Alexander and Gershoni-Poranne, Renana}, issn = {1089-7690}, journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics}, number = {14}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, title = {{How local is “local”? Deep learning reveals locality of the induced magnetic field of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons}}, doi = {10.1063/5.0257558}, volume = {162}, year = {2025}, }