@article{19365, abstract = {We present a comprehensive analysis of H i absorption around 96 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z ≈ 3.3 (median Lyα luminosity ≈1042 erg s−1). These LAEs were identified within eight MUSE fields, each (math. formular) on the sky and centered on a bright background quasar, as part of the MUSEQuBES survey. Using Voigt profile fitting for all H i absorbers detected within ±​​​​​​500 km s−1 of these LAEs, we compiled a catalog of 800 H i absorption components. Our analysis shows that H i absorption is enhanced near the LAEs compared to the intergalactic medium. However, no trend is found between the column densities of H i absorbers and their impact parameters from the LAEs (spanning ​​​​​​≈54–260 pkpc). Additionally, all galaxies associated with Lyman-limit systems have impact parameters >50 pkpc from the quasar sightlines, suggesting that true absorber hosts may be too faint to detect. The LAEs show an overall H i covering fraction (fc(H i)) of ≈88% for a threshold (math. formular) (H i) = 15. Notably, at the same threshold, the LAEs in pairs/groups exhibit a 100% H i covering fraction out to ≈250 pkpc. In contrast, isolated LAEs consistently show a lower fc(H i) of ≈80%. This environmental influence on fc(H i) is also evident up to ≈300 km s−1 in differential bins of line-of-sight velocity. We find an anticorrelation between fc(H i) and the equivalent width of rest-frame Lyα emission (EW0). Based on the Lyα shell model, this could imply that gas-rich galaxies tend to reside in gas-rich environments or that the LAEs with higher EW0 are more efficient at ionizing their surrounding medium.}, author = {Banerjee, Eshita and Muzahid, Sowgat and Schaye, Joop and Blaizot, Jérémy and Bouché, Nicolas and Cantalupo, Sebastiano and Johnson, Sean D. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Verhamme, Anne}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{MUSEQuBES: Connecting H i Absorption with Lyα emitters at z ≈ 3.3}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ada7e9}, volume = {980}, year = {2025}, } @article{19366, abstract = {Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common causative agents of mammary gland infection and mastitis, but the specific role of S. aureus-derived extracellular vesicles (SaEVs) in mastitis has been poorly studied to date. Here, we aimed to investigate the response of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (boMdM) to SaEVs of the genotype B (GTB) mastitis-related strain M5512B. Specifically, we evaluated the effects on the actin cytoskeleton, gene expression, and the SaEV proteomic cargo. Furthermore, we assessed to what extent the cellular and molecular response of boMdM to SaEVs differed from peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) used for in vitro derivation of the former. We observed that SaEVs induced morphological changes in boMdM, leading to a pro-inflammatory and pyroptosis-related increased gene expression. Additionally, our study revealed that boMdM and PBMCs exhibited stimulus-specific differing responses. The proteomic analysis of SaEVs identified clusters of proteins related to virulence and antibiotic resistance, supporting the theory that S. aureus might use EVs to evade host defences and colonize the mammary gland. Our results bring new insights into how SaEVs might impact the host during an S. aureus infection, which can be useful for future S. aureus vaccine development.}, author = {Saenz-De-Juano, Mara D. and Silvestrelli, Giulia and Buri, Samuel and Zinsli, Léa V. and Schmelcher, Mathias and Ulbrich, Susanne E.}, issn = {2045-2322}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, pages = {6059}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Mastitis-related Staphylococcus aureus-derived extracellular vesicles induce a pro-inflammatory response in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages}}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-90466-6}, volume = {15}, year = {2025}, } @article{19367, author = {De Jaeger-Braet, Joke G}, issn = {1532-2548}, journal = {Plant Physiology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Arabidopsis accessions and their difference in heat tolerance during meiosis}}, doi = {10.1093/plphys/kiaf055}, volume = {197}, year = {2025}, } @article{19369, abstract = {Monitoring and estimating mountain snowpack mass over regional scales is still a challenge because of the inadequacy of observational networks in capturing spatiotemporal variability, and limitations in remotely sensed retrievals. Recent work using C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter data from the Sentinel-1 satellite mission has shown good promise for tracking mountain snow depth over specific northern hemisphere ranges, although the broader potential is still unknown. Here, we extend the new Sentinel-1 based modeling framework beyond the northern hemisphere by only utilizing globally available input data, and evaluate different model parametrization and model performance over the Chilean and Argentine Andes mountains, which contain the largest mountain snowpack in the southern hemisphere. The accuracy of Sentinel-1 snow depth estimates is evaluated against an extensive in situ network available for the region. Satellite-retrieved snow depth is found to have poorer performance across the Andes than observed for northern hemisphere mountain ranges because of greater sensitivity to evergreen forest cover and shallower snowpacks. The algorithm does offer some skill but performance is variable and site-dependent. Algorithm performance is best over regions with limited evergreen forest cover (<15%) and snow depths greater than 0.75 m, although the retrievals over-estimate snow depth across most sites. Systemic errors for specific snow classes and across different snow depths are shown, highlighting specific areas in need of further investigation and development.}, author = {Bulovic, N. and Johnson, F. and Lievens, H. and Shaw, Thomas and Mcphee, J. and Gascoin, S. and Demuzere, M. and Mcintyre, N.}, issn = {1944-7973}, journal = {Water Resources Research}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Evaluating the performance of sentinel-1 SAR derived snow depth retrievals over the extratropical Andes cordillera}}, doi = {10.1029/2024WR037766}, volume = {61}, year = {2025}, } @article{19371, abstract = {We investigate a molecular quantum rotor in a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate. The focus is on studying the angulon quasiparticle concept in the crossover from few- to many-body physics. To this end, we formulate the problem in real space and solve it with a mean-field approach in the frame co-rotating with the impurity. We show that the system starts to feature angulon characteristics when the size of the bosonic cloud is large enough to screen the rotor. More importantly, we demonstrate the departure from the angulon picture for large system sizes or large angular momenta where the properties of the system are determined by collective excitations of the Bose gas.}, author = {Suchorowski, Michał and Badamshina, Alina and Lemeshko, Mikhail and Tomza, Michał and Volosniev, Artem}, issn = {2542-4653}, journal = {SciPost Physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {SciPost Foundation}, title = {{Quantum rotor in a two-dimensional mesoscopic Bose gas}}, doi = {10.21468/SciPostPhys.18.2.059}, volume = {18}, year = {2025}, } @article{19372, abstract = {We consider the confined Fröhlich polaron and establish an asymptotic series for the low-energy eigenvalues in negative powers of the coupling constant. The coefficients of the series are derived through a two-fold perturbation approach, involving expansions around the electron Pekar minimizer and the excitations of the quantum field.}, author = {Brooks, Morris and Mitrouskas, David Johannes}, issn = {2690-1005}, journal = {Probability and Mathematical Physics}, number = {1}, pages = {281--325}, publisher = {Mathematical Sciences Publishers}, title = {{ Asymptotic series for low-energy excitations of the Fröhlich polaron at strong coupling}}, doi = {10.2140/pmp.2025.6.281}, volume = {6}, year = {2025}, } @article{19373, abstract = {Reproducible pattern and form generation during embryogenesis is poorly understood. Intestinal organoid morphogenesis involves a number of mechanochemical regulators such as cell-type-specific cytoskeletal forces and osmotically driven lumen volume changes. It is unclear how these forces are coordinated in time and space to ensure robust morphogenesis. Here we show how mechanosensitive feedback on cytoskeletal tension gives rise to morphological bistability in a minimal model of organoid morphogenesis. In the model, lumen volume changes can impact the epithelial shape via both direct mechanical and indirect mechanosensitive mechanisms. We find that both bulged and budded crypt states are possible and dependent on the history of volume changes. We test key modelling assumptions via biophysical and pharmacological experiments to demonstrate how bistability can explain experimental observations, such as the importance of the timing of lumen shrinkage and robustness of the final morphogenetic state to mechanical perturbations. This suggests that bistability arising from feedback between cellular tensions and fluid pressure could be a general mechanism that coordinates multicellular shape changes in developing systems.}, author = {Xue, Shi-lei and Yang, Qiutan and Liberali, Prisca and Hannezo, Edouard B}, issn = {1745-2481}, journal = {Nature Physics}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Mechanochemical bistability of intestinal organoids enables robust morphogenesis}}, doi = {10.1038/s41567-025-02792-1}, volume = {21}, year = {2025}, } @article{19374, abstract = {In the present study, the new ternary rare earth intermetallic compound PrNi6Si6 has been investigated. This work completes the study of the RNi6Si6 series (R = rare earth). While the RNi6Si6 compounds for R = La and Ce adopt the CeNi6Si6-type (tP52, P4/nbm, No. 125), surprisingly PrNi6Si6 crystallizes in the YNi6Si6 prototype (tP52, P − 4b2, No. 117) as do all the heavier lanthanides (but Lu). The YNi6Si6-type and its homolog CeNi6Si6 are two tetragonal ordered derivative of the cubic NaZn13-type structure. Lattice parameters for PrNi6Si6 are a = 7.7846(1) Å, c = 11.2144(1) Å, with a unit cell volume, Vobs = 679.585(5) Å3. The temperature dependence of the inverse magnetic susceptibility χ−1(T) follows the Curie–Weiss law, with calculated values of the effective magnetic moment (µeff) and Weiss temperature (Θpm) of 3.55 μB and − 4.5 K, respectively. While the observed µeff is very close to the theoretical value of 3.58 µB for the free Pr3+ ions, a negative value of the Weiss temperature suggests antiferromagnetic interactions in PrNi6Si6. Magnetization measurements confirm that PrNi₆Si₆ orders antiferromagnetically (AFM) below a Néel temperature (TN) of 9 K. The Ni atoms contribute negligibly to the magnetic properties of this phase. The specific heat of PrNi₆Si₆ is approximately 0.42 J K  − 1  g − 1. Measurements of electric and thermal transport reveal that PrNi₆Si₆ exhibits metallic behavior across a wide temperature range of 2–900 K, accompanied by a relatively low thermal conductivity of around 6 W K − 1 m − 1 at room temperature. Such properties, together with its high-temperature refractory behavior, make PrNi₆Si₆ worthy of consideration in technological applications where fairly good electrical conductivity should be accompanied by a limited thermal conductivity.}, author = {Singh, Saurabh and Provino, A. and Pallecchi, I. and Caglieris, F. and Mödlinger, M. and Mele, P. and Latronico, G. and Takeuchi, T. and Manfrinetti, P.}, issn = {1573-4803}, journal = {Journal of Materials Science}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The new PrNi6Si6 intermetallic: From crystal structure to thermal and electrical transport properties across a wide temperature range (2–900 K)}}, doi = {10.1007/s10853-024-10582-y}, volume = {60}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{19375, abstract = {Despite the advances in probabilistic model checking, the scalability of the verification methods remains limited. In particular, the state space often becomes extremely large when instantiating parameterized Markov decision processes (MDPs) even with moderate values. Synthesizing policies for such huge MDPs is beyond the reach of available tools. We propose a learning-based approach to obtain a reasonable policy for such huge MDPs. The idea is to generalize optimal policies obtained by model-checking small instances to larger ones using decision-tree learning. Consequently, our method bypasses the need for explicit state-space exploration of large models, providing a practical solution to the state-space explosion problem. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach by performing extensive experimentation on the relevant models from the quantitative verification benchmark set. The experimental results indicate that our policies perform well, even when the size of the model is orders of magnitude beyond the reach of state-of-the-art analysis tools.}, author = {Azeem, Muqsit and Chakraborty, Debraj and Kanav, Sudeep and Kretinsky, Jan and Mohagheghi, Mohammadsadegh and Mohr, Stefanie and Weininger, Maximilian}, booktitle = {26th International Conference on Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation}, isbn = {9783031827020}, issn = {1611-3349}, location = {Denver, CO, United States}, pages = {97--120}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{1–2–3–Go! Policy synthesis for parameterized Markov decision processes via decision-tree learning and generalization}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-82703-7_5}, volume = {15530}, year = {2025}, } @article{19401, abstract = {High kinetic inductance superconductors are gaining increasing interest for the realisation of qubits, amplifiers and detectors. Moreover, thanks to their high impedance, quantum buses made of such materials enable large zero-point fluctuations of the voltage, boosting the coupling rates to spin and charge qubits. However, fully exploiting the potential of disordered or granular superconductors is challenging, as their inductance and, therefore, impedance at high values are difficult to control. Here, we report a reproducible fabrication of granular aluminium resonators by developing a wireless ohmmeter, which allows in situ measurements during film deposition and, therefore, control of the kinetic inductance of granular aluminium films. Reproducible fabrication of circuits with impedances (inductances) exceeding 13 kΩ (1 nH per square) is now possible. By integrating a 7.9 kΩ resonator with a germanium double quantum dot, we demonstrate strong charge-photon coupling with a rate of gc/2π = 566 ± 2 MHz. This broadly applicable method opens the path for novel qubits and high-fidelity, long-distance two-qubit gates.}, author = {Janik, Marian and Roux, Kevin Etienne Robert and Borja Espinosa, Carla N and Sagi, Oliver and Baghdadi, Abdulhamid and Adletzberger, Thomas and Calcaterra, Stefano and Botifoll, Marc and Garzón Manjón, Alba and Arbiol, Jordi and Chrastina, Daniel and Isella, Giovanni and Pop, Ioan M. and Katsaros, Georgios}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Strong charge-photon coupling in planar germanium enabled by granular aluminium superinductors}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-025-57252-4}, volume = {16}, year = {2025}, } @article{19402, abstract = {Recent advances in the field of bottom-up synthetic biology have led to the development of synthetic cells that mimic some features of real cells, such as division, protein synthesis, or DNA replication. Larger assemblies of synthetic cells may be used to form prototissues. However, existing prototissues are limited by their relatively small lateral dimensions or their lack of remodeling ability. Here, we introduce a lipid-based tissue mimetic that can be easily prepared and functionalized, consisting of a millimeter-sized “lipid-foam” with individual micrometer-sized compartments bound by lipid bilayers. We characterize the structural and mechanical properties of the lipid-foam tissue mimetic, and we demonstrate self-healing capabilities enabled by the fluidity of the lipid bilayers. Upon inclusion of bacteria in the tissue compartments, we observe that the tissue mimetic exhibits network-wide tension fluctuations driven by membrane tension generation by the swimming bacteria. Active tension fluctuations facilitate the fluidization and reorganization of the prototissue, providing a versatile platform for understanding and mimicking biological tissues.}, author = {Gu, Andre A. and Ucar, Mehmet C and Tran, Peter and Prindle, Arthur and Kamat, Neha P. and Steinkühler, Jan}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Remodeling of lipid-foam prototissues by network-wide tension fluctuations induced by active particles}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-025-57178-x}, volume = {16}, year = {2025}, } @article{19403, abstract = {We study the BCS critical temperature on half-spaces in dimensions d =1, 2, 3 with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. We prove that the critical temperature on a half-space is strictly higher than on Rd, at least at weak coupling in d = 1, 2 and weak coupling and small chemical potential in d = 3. Furthermore, we show that the relative shift in critical temperature vanishes in the weak coupling limit.}, author = {Roos, Barbara and Seiringer, Robert}, issn = {1432-0673}, journal = {Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{BCS critical temperature on half-spaces}}, doi = {10.1007/s00205-025-02088-x}, volume = {249}, year = {2025}, } @article{19404, abstract = {Cell migration is a fundamental process during embryonic development. Most studies in vivo have focused on the migration of cells using the extracellular matrix (ECM) as their substrate for migration. In contrast, much less is known about how cells migrate on other cells, as found in early embryos when the ECM has not yet formed. Here, we show that lateral mesendoderm (LME) cells in the early zebrafish gastrula use the ectoderm as their substrate for migration. We show that the lateral ectoderm is permissive for the animal-pole-directed migration of LME cells, while the ectoderm at the animal pole halts it. These differences in permissiveness depend on the lateral ectoderm being more cohesive than the animal ectoderm, a property controlled by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling within the ectoderm. Collectively, these findings identify ectoderm tissue cohesion as one critical factor in regulating LME migration during zebrafish gastrulation.}, author = {Tavano, Ste and Brückner, David and Tasciyan, Saren and Tong, Xin and Kardos, Roland and Schauer, Alexandra and Hauschild, Robert and Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J}, issn = {2211-1247}, journal = {Cell Reports}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{BMP-dependent patterning of ectoderm tissue material properties modulates lateral mesendoderm cell migration during early zebrafish gastrulation}}, doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115387}, volume = {44}, year = {2025}, } @article{19405, abstract = {In the third APOKASC catalog, we present data for the complete sample of 15,808 evolved stars with APOGEE spectroscopic parameters and Kepler asteroseismology. We used 10 independent asteroseismic analysis techniques and anchor our system on fundamental radii derived from Gaia L and spectroscopic Teff. We provide evolutionary state, asteroseismic surface gravity, mass, radius, age, and the data used to derive them for 12,418 stars. This includes 10,036 exceptionally precise measurements, with median fractional uncertainties in vmax, Δν, mass, radius, and age of 0.6%, 0.6%, 3.8%, 1.8%, and 11.1%, respectively. We provide more limited data for 1624 additional stars that either have lower-quality data or are outside of our primary calibration domain. Using lower red giant branch (RGB) stars, we find a median age for the chemical thick disk of 9.14 ± 0.05(ran) ± 0.9(sys) Gyr with an age dispersion of 1.1 Gyr, consistent with our error model. We calibrate our red clump (RC) mass loss to derive an age consistent with the lower RGB and provide asymptotic GB and RGB ages for luminous stars. We also find a sharp upper-age boundary in the chemical thin disk. We find that scaling relations are precise and accurate on the lower RGB and RC, but they become more model dependent for more luminous giants and break down at the tip of the RGB. We recommend the use of multiple methods, calibration to a fundamental scale, and the use of stellar models to interpret frequency spacings.}, author = {Pinsonneault, Marc H. and Zinn, Joel C. and Tayar, Jamie and Serenelli, Aldo and García, Rafael A. and Mathur, Savita and Vrard, Mathieu and Elsworth, Yvonne P. and Mosser, Benoit and Stello, Dennis and Bell, Keaton J. and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle and Corsaro, Enrico and Gaulme, Patrick and Hekker, Saskia and Hon, Marc and Huber, Daniel and Kallinger, Thomas and Cao, Kaili and Johnson, Jennifer A. and Liagre, Bastien and Patton, Rachel A. and Santos, Ângela R.G. and Basu, Sarbani and Beck, Paul G. and Beers, Timothy C. and Chaplin, William J. and Cunha, Katia and Frinchaboy, Peter M. and Girardi, Léo and Godoy-Rivera, Diego and Holtzman, Jon A. and Jönsson, Henrik and Mészáros, Szabolcs and Reyes, Claudia and Rix, Hans Walter and Shetrone, Matthew and Smith, Verne V. and Spoo, Taylor and Stassun, Keivan G. and Wang, Ji}, issn = {0067-0049}, journal = {Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{APOKASC-3: The third joint spectroscopic and asteroseismic catalog for evolved stars in the Kepler fields}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4365/ad9fef}, volume = {276}, year = {2025}, } @article{19406, abstract = {Polyploidization is a common occurrence in the evolutionary history of flowering plants, significantly contributing to their adaptability and diversity. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these adaptive advantages are not well understood. Through comprehensive phenotyping of diploid and tetraploid clones from Citrus and Poncirus genera, we discovered that genome doubling significantly enhances salt stress resilience. Epigenetic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that increased ethylene production in the roots of tetraploid plants was associated with hypomethylation and enhanced chromatin accessibility of the ACO1 gene. This increased ethylene production activates the transcription of reactive oxygen species scavenging genes and stress-related hormone biosynthesis genes. Consequently, tetraploid plants exhibited superior root functionality under salt stress, maintaining improved cytosolic K+/Na+ homeostasis. To genetically validate the link between salt stress resilience and ACO1 expression, we generated overexpression and knockout lines, confirming the central role of ACO1 expression regulation following genome doubling in salt stress resilience. Our work elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of genome doubling in stress resilience. We also highlight the importance of chromatin dynamics in fine-tuning ethylene gene expression and activating salt stress resilience pathways, offering valuable insights into plant adaptation and crop genome evolution.}, author = {Song, Xin and Zhang, Miao and Wang, Ting Ting and Duan, Yao Yuan and Ren, Jie and Gao, Hu and Fan, Yan Jie and Xia, Qiang Ming and Cao, Hui Xiang and Xie, Kai Dong and Wu, Xiao Meng and Zhang, Fei and Zhang, Si Qi and Huang, Ying and Boualem, Adnane and Bendahmane, Abdelhafid and Tan, Feng Quan and Guo, Wen Wu}, issn = {1469-8137}, journal = {New Phytologist}, number = {1}, pages = {176--191}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Polyploidization leads to salt stress resilience via ethylene signaling in citrus plants}}, doi = {10.1111/nph.20428}, volume = {246}, year = {2025}, } @misc{19409, abstract = {This .zip file contains the data to reproduce the figures and supplementary figures of "Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits" by Jaime Saez-Mollejo et al. }, author = {Saez Mollejo, Jaime}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Exchange anisotropies in microwave-driven singlet-triplet qubits}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:19409}, year = {2025}, } @article{19416, abstract = {Recently, Biagioli and Tompkins (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003231) used a simple stochastic model to derive a dimensionless parameter to predict convective self aggregation (SA) development, which was based on the derivation of the maximum free convective distance ($d_{clr}$) expected in the pre-aggregated, random state. Our goal is to test and further investigate this hypothesis, namely that $d_{clr}$ can predict SA occurrence, using an ensemble of twenty-four distinct combinations of horizontal mixing, planetary boundary layer (PBL), and microphysical parameterizations. We conclude that the key impact of parameterization schemes on SA is through their control of the number of convective cores and their relative spacing, $d_{clr}$, which itself is impacted by cold-pool (CP) properties and mean updraft core size. SA is more likely when the convective core count is small, while CPs modify convective spacing via suppression in their interiors and triggering by gust-front convergence and collisions. Each parameterization scheme emphasizes a different mechanism. Subgrid-scale horizontal turbulent mixing mainly affects SA through the determination of convective core size and thus spacing. The sensitivity to the microphysics is mainly through rain evaporation and the subsequent impact on CPs, while perturbations to the ice cloud microphysics have a limited effect. Non-local PBL mixing schemes promote SA primarily by increasing convective inhibition through inversion entrainment and altering low cloud amounts, leading to fewer convective cores and larger $d_{clr}$. }, author = {Casallas Garcia, Alejandro and Tompkins, A.M. and Muller, Caroline J and Thompson, G.}, issn = {1942-2466}, journal = {Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Sensitivity of self-aggregation and the key role of the free convection distance}}, doi = {10.1029/2024MS004791}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, } @article{19418, abstract = {The size-Ramsey number r^(H) of a graph H is the smallest number of edges a (host) graph G can have, such that for any red/blue colouring of G, there is a monochromatic copy of H in G. Recently, Conlon, Nenadov and Trujić showed that if H is a graph on n vertices and maximum degree three, then r^(H)=O(n8/5), improving upon the upper bound of n5/3+o(1) by Kohayakawa, Rödl, Schacht and Szemerédi. In this paper we show that r^(H)≤n3/2+o(1). While the previously used host graphs were vanilla binomial random graphs, we prove our result using a novel host graph construction. Our bound hits a natural barrier of the existing methods.}, author = {Draganić, Nemanja and Petrova, Kalina H}, issn = {1469-7750}, journal = {Journal of the London Mathematical Society}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Size‐Ramsey numbers of graphs with maximum degree three}}, doi = {10.1112/jlms.70116}, volume = {111}, year = {2025}, } @article{19420, abstract = {Auxin and its PIN-FORMED (PIN) exporters are essential for tissue repair and regeneration in flowering plants. To gain insight into the evolution of this mechanism, we investigated their roles in leaves excised from Physcomitrium patens, a bryophyte known for its remarkable cell reprogramming capacity. We used various approaches to manipulate auxin levels, including exogenous application, pharmacological manipulations, and auxin biosynthesis mutants. We observed no significant effect on the rate of cell reprogramming. Rather, our analysis of auxin dynamics revealed a decrease in auxin levels upon excision, which was followed by a local increase before the reprogramming process began. Mutant analysis revealed that PpPINs are required for effective cell reprogramming, and endogenously expressed PpPINA-GFP accumulates polarly at sites that will develop into future filamentous stem cells. In addition, hyperpolarized PpPINA variants carrying mutated phosphorylation sites showed a marked delay in reprogramming, whereas endogenous or nonpolar versions do not have this effect. These results underscore that both the levels and the polarity of PpPINA are important for efficient cell reprogramming. Overall, these findings highlight the pivotal role of PIN polarity in plant regeneration. Furthermore, they suggest that understanding polarity mechanisms could have broader implications for improving regenerative processes across various plant species.}, author = {Tang, Han and Chen, L and Friml, Jiří}, issn = {1471-9053}, journal = {Plant and Cell Physiology}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Auxin fluctuation and PIN polarization in moss leaf cell reprogramming.}}, doi = {10.1093/pcp/pcaf008}, year = {2025}, } @article{19421, abstract = {The phytohormone auxin (Aux) is a principal endogenous developmental signal in plants. It mediates transcriptional reprogramming by a well-established canonical signalling mechanism. TIR1/AFB auxin receptors are F-box subunits of an ubiquitin ligase complex; after auxin perception, they associate with Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors and ubiquitinate them for degradation, thus enabling the activation of auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors1,2,3. Here we revise this paradigm by showing that without TIR1 adenylate cyclase (AC) activity4, auxin-induced degradation of Aux/IAAs is not sufficient to mediate the transcriptional auxin response. Abolishing the TIR1 AC activity does not affect auxin-induced degradation of Aux/IAAs but renders TIR1 non-functional in mediating transcriptional reprogramming and auxin-regulated development, including shoot, root, root hair growth and lateral root formation. Transgenic plants show that local cAMP production in the vicinity of the Aux/IAA–ARF complex by unrelated AC enzymes bypasses the need for auxin perception and is sufficient to induce ARF-mediated transcription. These discoveries revise the canonical model of auxin signalling and establish TIR1/AFB-produced cAMP as a second messenger essential for transcriptional reprograming.}, author = {Chen, Huihuang and Qi, Linlin and Zou, Minxia and Lu, Mengting and Kwiatkowski, M and Pei, Yuanrong and Jaworski, K and Friml, Jiří}, issn = {1476-4687}, journal = {Nature}, pages = {1011--1016}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional auxin signalling}}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w}, volume = {640}, year = {2025}, }