@inproceedings{21578,
  abstract     = {Scintillation describes the conversion of high-energy particles into light in transparent media and finds diverse applications such as high-energy particle detection and industrial and medical imaging. This process operates on multiple timescales, with the final radiative step consisting of spontaneous emission, which can be modeled within the framework of fluctuational electrodynamics. Scintillation can therefore be controlled and enhanced via nanophotonic effects, which has been experimentally demonstrated in recent works. Such designs have thus far obeyed Lorentz reciprocity, meaning there is a direct equivalence between scintillation emission from the design and absorption of a plane wave in the far-field. However, scintillators that do not obey reciprocity have not been explored, even though they represent a novel platform for probing emission which is both nonequilibrium and nonreciprocal in nature. In this work, we propose to harness nonreciprocity to achieve directional control of scintillation emission, granting an additional degree of control over scintillation. Such directionality of light output is important in improving collection efficiencies along off-normal directions towards detectors in certain radiation detection schemes. We present the design of a nonreciprocal scintillator using a one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystal in the Voigt configuration. Our work demonstrates the potential of controlling nonequilibrium emission such as scintillation by breaking reciprocity and expands the space of nanophotonic design for achieving such control.},
  author       = {Long, Olivia and Pajovic, Simo and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Tsurimaki, Yoichiro and Rivera, Nicholas and Soljacic, Marin and Boriskina, Svetlana and Fan, Shanhui},
  booktitle    = {Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures XV},
  location     = {San Francisco, CA, United States},
  publisher    = {SPIE},
  title        = {{Nonreciprocal scintillation using magneto-optical photonic crystals}},
  doi          = {10.1117/12.3041590},
  volume       = {13377},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21579,
  abstract     = {We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method to study intracavity quantum states and their dynamics in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). By measuring the OPO steady state’s sensitivity to an external bias field, we show how intracavity quantum states can be reconstructed. Our method includes precise control over the pump phase, facilitating arbitrary quadrature reconstruction and enabling complete visualization of cavity states using Husimi Q-function representations. We experimentally demonstrate the quantum tomography of an intracavity squeezed vacuum state generated by an OPO pumped below threshold. Additionally, by controlling the bias time delay and amplitude relative to the pump it allows for the reconstruction of the intracavity state at various times, offering insights into the temporal evolution of the OPO intracavity state. This approach provides a powerful tool for exploring and understanding the intricate behavior of quantum states within optical cavities.},
  author       = {Salamin, Yannick and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Choi, Seou and Sloan, Jamison and Horodynski, Michael and Luo, Di and Soljačić, Marin},
  booktitle    = {AI and Optical Data Sciences VI},
  location     = {San Francisco, CA, United States},
  publisher    = {SPIE},
  title        = {{Quantum tomography and intracavity dynamics with a biased optical parametric oscillator}},
  doi          = {10.1117/12.3043893},
  volume       = {13375},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21580,
  abstract     = {Free electrons are an emerging new type of quantum probe, with high quantum coherence, sub fsec – sub-nm resolution, high tunability and pristine coherent control. Recent experimental and theoretical advancements showcased the quantum nature of the interaction between a free electron and light and bound-electron qubits, with demonstrations of strong electron-photon coupling and coincidence, and proposals for quantum light generation.},
  author       = {Karnieli, Aviv and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Yu, Renwen and Fan, Shanhui},
  booktitle    = {Quantum Sensing, Imaging, and Precision Metrology III},
  location     = {San Francisco, CA, United States},
  publisher    = {SPIE},
  title        = {{Quantum optics with free electrons: From quantum sensing to strong coupling and single-photon nonlinearity}},
  doi          = {10.1117/12.3053188},
  volume       = {13392},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21593,
  abstract     = {We show that photonic crystals patterned on tungsten X-ray tube anodes can enhance their thermal emissivity, thus improving heat dissipation. We predict that this approach could facilitate high-power X-ray imaging modalities such as phase-contrast imaging.},
  author       = {Pajovic, Simo and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Choi, Seou and Kooi, Steven E. and Gupta, Rajiv and Zalis, Michael E. and Celanovic, Ivan and Soljačić, Marin},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Long Beach, CA, United States},
  pages        = {AA108_5},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Nanophotonic thermal management for high-brightness X-ray sources}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_at.2025.aa108_5},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21594,
  abstract     = {We present an approach for high-resolution scintillation-based imaging by utilizing phase mask metasurfaces, predicting a 10-fold spatial resolution enhancement while maintaining high light yield with thick scintillators.},
  author       = {Chen, Joshua and Pajovic, Simo and Vaidya, Sachin and Michaels, William and Pontula, Sahil and Choi, Seou and Martin-Monier, Louis and Hu, Juejun and Cogswell, Carol and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Soljačić, Marin},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Long Beach, CA, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Phase mask metasurfaces for high-resolution X-ray imaging}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_at.2025.aa137_2},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21606,
  abstract     = {We demonstrate how vacuum fluctuations can induce switching between two macroscopic steady states in nonlinear driven-dissipative systems. We investigate how switching behavior depends on the system parameters of optical parametric oscillators.},
  author       = {Huang, Yihao and Choi, Seou and Salamin, Yannick and Sloan, Jamison and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Horodynski, Michael and Soljačić, Marin},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Long Beach, CA, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Vacuum-induced switching between macroscopic states}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff100_4},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21607,
  abstract     = {We introduce “variational optical processors,” self-configuring photonic networks that learn modal representations of partially coherent or quantum optical fields through optimization, applicable to diverse classical and quantum optical processing tasks.},
  author       = {Roques-Carmes, Charles and Karnieli, Aviv and Miller, David A. B. and Fan, Shanhui},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Long Beach, CA, United States},
  pages        = {FF105_7},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Variational optical processors}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff105_7},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21608,
  abstract     = {We design self-configuring optical network architectures for continuous-variable quantum information processing of multimode squeezed vacuum, allowing scalable implementations in real and synthetic dimensions.},
  author       = {Karnieli, Aviv and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Mor, Paul-Alexis and Lustig, Eran and Sloan, Jamison and Vučković, Jelena and Miller, David A. B. and Fan, Shanhui},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Long Beach, CA, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Continuous-variable quantum information processing in real and synthetic dimensions with self-configuring optics}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff105_8},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21609,
  abstract     = {We study the breakdown of the squeezed reservoir assumption commonly employed in enhancing light-matter interaction. We conclude that using an effective squeezed bath on a single mode can provide enhancement, with sufficiently large bandwidth.},
  author       = {Le, Trung Kien and Lukin, Daniil and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Karnieli, Aviv and Guidry, Melissa A. and Lustig, Eran and Fan, Shanhui and Vučković, Jelena},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Long Beach, CA, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Cavity quantum electrodynamics in finite-bandwidth squeezed reservoir}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff109_7},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21610,
  abstract     = {We introduce a framework for studying quantum mechanical interactions between an electron beam and systems with quantized degrees of freedom, such as color centers and electromagnetic fields in cavities. We showcase applications of our framework in quantum metrology and spin control.},
  author       = {Grzesik, Jakob and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Karnieli, Aviv and Black, Dylan S. and Catanzaro, Dominic and Solgaard, Olav and Fan, Shanhui and Vučković, Jelena},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Long Beach, CA, United States},
  pages        = {FF113_2},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{A general framework for interactions between electron beams and quantum optical systems}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff113_2},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21611,
  abstract     = {Scintillation represents a promising platform for exploring emission that is both nonequilibrium and nonreciprocal. In this work, we propose a nonreciprocal scintillator using a one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystal in the Voigt configuration.},
  author       = {Long, Olivia Y. and Pajovic, Simo and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Tsurimaki, Yoichiro and Rivera, Nicholas and Soljačić, Marin and Boriskina, Svetlana V. and Fan, Shanhui},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Long Beach, CA, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Nonreciprocal scintillation using magnetophotonic crystals}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff128_5},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21612,
  abstract     = {We propose and demonstrate an approach to measure the dynamics of quantum states generated inside optical nonlinear cavities. We measure the cavity squeezed vacuum state and observe the phase-sensitive amplification of the quantum vacuum state.},
  author       = {Choi, Seou and Salamin, Yannick and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Sloan, Jamison and Horodynski, Michael and Soljačić, Marin},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Long Beach, CA, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Measuring the dynamics of quantum states generated inside optical nonlinear cavities}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff139_2},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21613,
  abstract     = {We show that emitter arrays coupled to nonlinear waveguides can be used to engineer many-body Hamiltonians with interactions that grow with distance. We exemplify the resulting unitary adiabatic evolution and generation of decoherence-free excited states.},
  author       = {Karnieli, Aviv and Tziperman, Offek and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Poddubny, Alexander and Fan, Shanhui},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Long Beach, CA, United States},
  pages        = {FF139_4},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Engineerable many-body Hamiltonians in nonlinear waveguide quantum electrodynamics}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff139_4},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{21614,
  abstract     = {We show how the interplay between dissipation, optical nonlinearity, and non-Hermitian coupling enables non-reciprocal frequency conversion. The resulting robust chiral energy transport provides a new resource for precisely controlling energy flow in multimode systems.},
  author       = {Pontula, Sahil and Vaidya, Sachin and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Uddin, Shiekh Zia and Soljačić, Marin and Salamin, Yannick},
  booktitle    = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics},
  location     = {Long Beach, CA, United States},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Non-reciprocal nonlinear frequency conversion}},
  doi          = {10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff143_5},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21641,
  abstract     = {Spectral filters are widely used in sensing and communicating with light, such as for separating wavelength channels in communications or sensing the specific spectra of some object or material of interest. The filter function is, however, often fixed, and precise filtering can require precise manufacturing. We propose an approach to integrated optical spectral filtering that allows arbitrary programmability, can compensate automatically for imperfections in filter fabrication, allows multiple simultaneous and separately programmable filter functions on the same input, and can configure itself automatically to the problem of interest, for example, to filter or reject multiple arbitrarily chosen frequencies. The approach exploits splitting the input light into an array of multiple waveguides of different lengths that then feed a programmable interferometer array that can also self-configure. It can give a spectral response similar to arrayed waveguide gratings but offers many other filtering functions, as well as supporting other structures based on non-redundant arrays for precise spectral filtering. Simultaneous filtering also allows an automatic measurement of the temporal coherency matrix and physical separation into the Karhunen–Loève expansion of temporally partially coherent light fields. With this approach, a wide range of spectral operations can be controllably, automatically, and precisely performed by an integrated photonic device with simple programmability.},
  author       = {Miller, David A. B. and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Valdez, Carson G. and Kroo, Anne R. and Vlk, Marek and Fan, Shanhui and Solgaard, Olav},
  issn         = {2334-2536},
  journal      = {Optica},
  number       = {9},
  pages        = {1417--1426},
  publisher    = {Optica Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Universal programmable and self-configuring optical filter}},
  doi          = {10.1364/optica.557630},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2025},
}

@unpublished{21644,
  abstract     = {Observing non-classical properties of light is a long-standing interest to advance a wide range of quantum application from computing to metrology. Optical cavities are essential to generate and manipulate non-classical light. However, detecting changes in cavity properties induced by the quantum state remains a critical challenge in the optical domain due to the weak material nonlinearity, limiting our ability to observe quantum states generated in optical cavities. Here, we propose a framework for observing the dynamics of quantum states generated inside nonlinear optical cavities. We utilize symmetry-breaking to obtain high sensitivity to small perturbations introduced to the quantum state, resulting in an asymmetric equilibrium of a macroscopic observable. With a nonlinear response at the single photon level, our approach directly imprints the field distribution of the cavity quantum state onto the statistics of bistable cavity steady-states. We experimentally demonstrate our approach in a degenerate optical parametric oscillator, generating and reconstructing the quasi-probability distribution of different quantum states. As a validation, we reconstruct the Husimi Q function of the cavity squeezed vacuum state. In addition, we observe the evolution of the quantum vacuum state inside the cavity as it undergoes phase-sensitive amplification. By enabling generation and measurement of quantum states in a single nonlinear optical cavity, our method paves a way for studying exotic dynamics of quantum optical states in nonlinear driven-dissipative systems such as soliton generation and Kerr frequency combs.},
  author       = {Choi, Seou and Salamin, Yannick and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Sloan, Jamison and Horodynski, Michael and Soljačić, Marin},
  booktitle    = {Research Square},
  title        = {{Observing the dynamics of quantum states generated inside nonlinear optical cavities}},
  doi          = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-5619593/v1},
  year         = {2025},
}

@misc{21668,
  abstract     = {This artifact allows to review and reproduce the experiments from the paper *A Revised Practitioner's Guide to MDP Model Checking Algorithms*.
The package contains all original logfiles and derived data used to generate the plots as in the paper. Furthermore, the artifact contains the model checking tools `Storm` and `mcsta` in the version exercised in the paper, the used Docker container, as well as benchmark instances and execution scripts to reproduce the experiments.

See also the artifact of the conference paper: https://zenodo.org/records/7509474},
  author       = {Hartmanns, Arnd and Junges, Sebastian and Quatmann, Tim and Weininger, Maximilian},
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  title        = {{Benchmark data for the revised practitioner's guide to MDP model checking algorithms}},
  doi          = {10.5281/ZENODO.14500423},
  year         = {2025},
}

@unpublished{21693,
  abstract     = {We propose an approach to integrated optical spectral filtering that allows arbitrary programmability, can compensate automatically for imperfections in filter fabrication, allows multiple simultaneous and separately programmable filter functions on the same input, and can configure itself automatically to the problem of interest, for example to filter or reject multiple arbitrarily chosen frequencies. The approach exploits splitting the input light into an array of multiple waveguides of different lengths that then feed a programmable interferometer array that can also self-configure. It can give spectral response similar to arrayed waveguide gratings but offers many other filtering functions, as well as supporting other structures based on non-redundant arrays for precise spectral filtering. Simultaneous filtering also allows, for the first time to our knowledge, an automatic measurement of the temporal coherency matrix and physical separation into the Karhunen-Loève expansion of temporally partially coherent light fields.},
  author       = {Miller, David A. B. and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Valdez, Carson G. and Kroo, Anne R. and Vlk, Marek and Fan, Shanhui and Solgaard, Olav},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  title        = {{Universal programmable and self-configuring optical filter}},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2501.11811},
  year         = {2025},
}

@unpublished{21694,
  abstract     = {In X-ray tubes, more than 99% of the kilowatts of power supplied to generate X-rays via bremsstrahlung are lost in the form of heat generation in the anode. Therefore, thermal management is a critical barrier to the development of more powerful X-ray tubes with higher brightness and spatial coherence, which are needed to translate imaging modalities such as phase-contrast imaging to the clinic. In rotating anode X-ray tubes, the most common design, thermal radiation is a bottleneck that prevents efficient cooling of the anode$\unicode{x2014}$the hottest part of the device by far. We predict that nanophotonically patterning the anode of an X-ray tube enhances heat dissipation via thermal radiation, enabling it to operate at higher powers without increasing in temperature. The focal spot size, which is related to the spatial coherence of generated X-rays, can also be made smaller at a constant temperature. A major advantage of our "nanophotonic thermal management" approach is that in principle, it allows for complete control over the spectrum and direction of thermal radiation, which can lead to optimal thermal routing and improved performance.},
  author       = {Pajovic, Simo and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Choi, Seou and Kooi, Steven E. and Gupta, Rajiv and Zalis, Michael E. and Čelanović, Ivan and Soljačić, Marin},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  title        = {{Nanophotonic thermal management in X-ray tubes}},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2503.20946},
  year         = {2025},
}

@unpublished{21695,
  abstract     = {Scattering experiments with energetic particles, such as free electrons, have been historically used to reveal the quantum structure of matter. However, realizing coherent interactions between free-electron beams and solid-state quantum systems has remained out of reach, owing to their intrinsically weak coupling. Realizing such coherent control would open up opportunities for hybrid quantum platforms combining free electrons and solid-state qubits for coincident quantum information processing and nanoscale sensing. Here, we present a framework that employs negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV-) in diamond as quantum sensors of a bunched electron beam. We develop a Lindblad master equation description of the magnetic free-electron--qubit interactions and identify spin relaxometry as a sensitive probe of the interaction. Experimentally, we integrate a confocal fluorescence microscopy setup into a microwave-bunched electron beam line. We monitor charge-state dynamics and assess their impact on key sensing performance metrics (such as spin readout contrast), defining safe operating parameters for quantum sensing experiments. By performing $T_1$ relaxometry under controlled electron beam exposure, we establish an upper bound on the free-electron--spin coupling strength. Our results establish NV- centers as quantitative probes of free electrons, providing a metrological benchmark for free-electron--qubit coupling under realistic conditions, and chart a route toward solid-state quantum control with electron beams.},
  author       = {Grzesik, Jakob M. and Catanzaro, Dominic and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Rosenthal, Eric I. and Stolpe, Guido L. van de and Karnieli, Aviv and Scuri, Giovanni and Biswas, Souvik and Leedle, Kenneth J. and Black, Dylan S. and Byer, Robert L. and Kaminer, Ido and England, R. Joel and Fan, Shanhui and Solgaard, Olav and Vučković, Jelena},
  booktitle    = {arXiv},
  title        = {{Quantum sensing of electron beams using solid-state spins}},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2508.13112},
  year         = {2025},
}